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Статті в журналах з теми "Cross-sectional monitoring":
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Clarson, Lorna E., Barbara I. Nicholl, Annette Bishop, John J. Edwards, Rebecca Daniel, and Christian D. Mallen. "Monitoring Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Survey in General Practice." Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders 6 (January 2013): CMAMD.S12606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmamd.s12606.
Анотація:
Background Despite being a highly prevalent chronic condition managed predominantly in primary care and unlike other chronic conditions, osteoarthritis (OA) care is delivered on an ad hoc basis rather than through routine structured review. Evidence suggests current levels of OA care are suboptimal, but little is known about what general practitioners’ (GPs) consider important in OA care, and, thus, the scope to improve inconsistency or poor practice is, at present, limited. Objectives We investigated GPs’ views on and practice of monitoring OA. Methods This was a cross-sectional postal survey of 2500 practicing UK GPs randomly selected from the Binley's database. Respondents were asked if monitoring OA patients was important and how monitoring should be undertaken. Results Responses were received from 768 GPs of whom 70.8% were male and 89.5% were principals within their practices. Despite 55.4% (n = 405) indicating monitoring patients with OA was important and 78.3% (n = 596) considering GPs the appropriate professionals to monitor OA, only 15.2% (n = 114) did so routinely, and 45% (n= 337) did not monitor any OA patients at all. In total, 61.4% (n = 463) reported that patients should self-monitor. Respondents favored monitoring physical function, pain, and analgesia use over monitoring measures of BMI, self management plans, and exercise advice. Conclusions The majority of respondents felt that monitoring OA was important, but this was not reflected in their reported current practice. Much of what they favored for monitoring was in line with published guidance, suggesting provision of suboptimal care does not result from lack of knowledge and interventions to improve OA care must address barriers to GPs engaging in optimal care provision.
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Kelly, A. J., J. Kavanagh, and J. Thomas. "Electronic fetal monitoring: A cross-sectional survey of current UK practise." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 70 (2000): B61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)86312-2.
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Liu, Chang, Zhang Cao, Yuzhen Lin, Lijun Xu, and Hugh McCann. "Online Cross-Sectional Monitoring of a Swirling Flame Using TDLAS Tomography." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 67, no. 6 (June 2018): 1338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2799098.
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Tarupi, Wilmer Alexander, Yvan Lepage, Roland Hauspie, María Luisa Félix, Claude Monnier, Joanne Campbell, Mathieu Roelants, Ricardo Hidalgo, and Martine Vercauteren. "Cross-sectional study of child and adolescent growth in Ecuador." Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica 21, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 006. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18536387e006.
Анотація:
Child growth is internationally recognized as an important indicator for monitoring health in populations. There exists a wide controversy regarding the use of international growth standards versus local references. This study seeks to construct reference growth curves for school-age Ecuadorian children and adolescents, and to compare them with World Health Organization (WHO) standards, in order to identify the differences and their public health implications. The study authors enrolled 2891 children (1644 girls and 1247 boys) aged 5 to 18 years, from a variety of climatic zones and ethnic groups. LMS method was used to construct Ecuadorian curves for height, weight and Body Mass Index. Comparisons of Ecuadorian and WHO curves were graphically illustrated. U.S children were taller than Ecuadorian children across all age ranges, with larger differences between the two populations in children over 13 years. Consequently, estimates of low height and extremely low height, as well as overweight, obese and undernourished, were significantly different between WHO standards and the Ecuadorian references. Population-specific growth curves may be more adequate for growth monitoring of Ecuadorian children than WHO growth curves. We advocate for the construction of an Ecuadorian growth reference for clinical use based on national population, from conception to maturity, as an accurate instrument for monitoring growth.
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Atout, Maha, Intima Alrimawi, Mutaz Dreidi, Ahmad Rajeh Saifan, Eman Abusalameh, and Nabeel Al-Yateem. "Parental Child Rearing Practices in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211045967.
Анотація:
The objectives of this study were to explore parenting practices from the perspectives of Palestinian parents and their children, and concordance between parents and children in their reports of parenting practices, in a culture that is underrepresented in the literature. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) was administered to 120 parents and 120 children drawn from 4 districts in Palestine. Children had higher scores on parental involvement, positive parenting, poor monitoring, inconsistent discipline, and corporal punishment. Three significant parent–child relationships were obtained1: parental involvement ( r = .276, P = .003), positive parenting ( r = .0301, P = .001), and poor parental monitoring ( r = −.241, P = .008). The findings of this study might be used by Palestinian authorities and policy-makers to formulate guidelines and training to aid parental decision-making about child rearing.
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Chen, Zhen, Laith R. Sultan, Susan M. Schultz, Theodore W. Cary, and Chandra M. Sehgal. "Brachial flow-mediated dilation by continuous monitoring of arterial cross-section with ultrasound imaging." Ultrasound 27, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x19857770.
Анотація:
Objective Impairment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery is a marker of endothelial dysfunction and often predisposes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. In this study, we propose a user-guided automated approach for monitoring arterial cross-section during hyperemic response to improve reproducibility and sensitivity of flow-mediated dilation. Material and methods Ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery was performed in 11 volunteers in cross-sectional and in 5 volunteers in longitudinal view. During each examination, images were recorded continuously before and after inducing ischemia. Time-dilation curves of the brachial lumen cross-section were measured by user-guided automated segmentation of brachial images with the feed-forward active contour (FFAC) algorithm. %FMD was determined by the ratio of peak dilation to the baseline value. Each measurement was repeated twice in two sessions 1 h apart on the same arm to evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements. The intra-subject variation in flow-mediated dilation between two sessions (subject-specific) and inter-group variation in flow-mediated dilation with all the subjects within a session grouped together (group-specific) were measured for FFAC. The FFAC measurements were compared with the conventional diameter measurements made using echo tracking in longitudinal views. Results Flow-mediated dilation values for cross-sectional area were greater than those measured by diameter dilation: 33.1% for cross-sectional area compared to 22.5% for diameter. Group-specific flow-mediated dilation measurements for cross-sectional area were highly reproducible: 33.2% vs. 33.0% ( p > 0.05) with coefficient of variation CV of 0.4%. The group-specific flow-mediated dilations measured by echo tracking for the two sessions were 21.1 vs. 23.9% with CV of 9%. Subject-specific CV for cross-sectional area by FFAC was 10% ± 2% versus 24% ± 10% for the conventional approach. Using correlation as a metric of evaluation also showed better performance for cross-sectional imaging: correlation coefficient, R, between two sessions for cross-sectional area was 0.92 versus 0.72 for the conventional approach based on diameter measurements. Conclusion Peak dilation area measured by continuous automated monitoring of cross-sectional area of the brachial artery provides more reproducible and higher-sensitivity measurement of flow-mediated dilation compared to the conventional approach of using vascular diameter measured using longitudinal imaging.
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Guo, Hui, Anthony I. Reeder, Rob McGee, and Helen Darling. "Adolescents' leisure activities, parental monitoring and cigarette smoking - a cross-sectional study." Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 6, no. 1 (2011): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1747-597x-6-12.
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Baker, Mark E., Joel G. Fletcher, Mahmoud Al-Hawary, and David Bruining. "Interdisciplinary Updates in Crohn’s Disease Reporting Nomenclature, and Cross-Sectional Disease Monitoring." Radiologic Clinics of North America 56, no. 5 (September 2018): 691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2018.04.010.
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Allocca, Mariangela, Silvio Danese, Valérie Laurent, and Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet. "Use of Cross-Sectional Imaging for Tight Monitoring of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18, no. 6 (May 2020): 1309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.052.
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Davies, Julie, and Ivy Brember. "Monitoring Reading Standards in Year 6: a 7‐year cross‐sectional study." British Educational Research Journal 23, no. 5 (December 1997): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0141192970230505.
Дисертації з теми "Cross-sectional monitoring":
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Hilburn, Ryan M. "A Comparison of Lidar Generated Channel Features with Ground-Surveyed Channel Features in the Little Creek Watershed." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/362.
Анотація:
Detecting change in stream channel features over time is important in understanding channel morphology and the effects of both natural and anthropogenic influences. Channel features historically, and now currently, are being measured using a variety of ground survey techniques. These surveys require substantial time commitments and funding to complete. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is an airborne laser mapping technology that holds promise to provide an alternative to ground-based survey methods. For this study, ground surveys were used to verify the accuracy of data collected using airborne LiDAR. Fifty nine cross-sectional profiles were surveyed in the Little Creek watershed at Cal Poly’s Swanton Pacific Ranch and compared to LiDAR-generated profiles of the same location. LiDAR data were collected in two flights during April and May of 2002. The vertical accuracy of LiDAR elevations was determined to be 0.610 m RSME based on a point-to-point comparison of the elevation of ground survey points in each cross-sectional profile to the corresponding LiDAR elevation. The average ground spacing of the LiDAR survey within the study area was one point every 5.2 square meters. In comparison to ground surveys it was found that with this level of vertical precision and horizontal resolution it would be difficult to detect change in bankfull channel characteristics of a relatively small channel, such as Little Creek. These difficulties are largely attributed to poor point coverage in forested, steep, and mountainous terrain, along with technological limitations of LiDAR that have since improved.
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Rouby, Etienne. "Population dynamics of elusive species : The case of the common dolphin in the North-East Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS016.
Анотація:
Les espèces élusives sont difficiles à suivre individuellement et il est difficile d'estimer leur mortalité ce qui freine la mise en place de politiques de gestion. En tant qu’espèce élusive, le dauphin commun, Delphinus delphis présente des enjeux de conservation importants. La population Atlantique Nord-Est est affectée par les captures accidentelles qui menacent sa viabilité. Les informations démographiques sur cette population sont insuffisantes et notre compréhension de la structure spatio-temporelle des captures ne permet pas de fixer des objectifs de gestion appropriés. Ce projet vise à déterminer le statut actuel de la population au regard des objectifs de conservation européens. Premièrement, une approche flexible d'estimation des taux vitaux a été développée afin de mettre en évidence les variations temporelles et les effets de covariables en tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité individuelle. Ensuite, l'utilisation de cette méthode, combinée à un suivi transversal, nous a permis de mettre en évidence les variations temporelles des taux vitaux de la population et l'impact des captures sur sa démographie. La population n'est pas viable et son taux de croissance semble s'être détérioré depuis le milieu des années 2000. Troisièmement, en utilisant les données biaisées d’observateurs embarqués, le nombre de captures accidentelles a été quantifié sur une base hebdomadaire pour dix divisions CIEM sur seize ans. Quatrièmement, les taux vitaux obtenus combinés aux estimations de captures permettent de produire des seuils de captures soutenables. Cette évaluation a été effectué par une approche d'évaluation de stratégies de gestion en accord avec l'objectif de conservation européenElusive species are notoriously difficult to monitor individually and therefore it is difficult to estimate their anthropogenic mortality and to implement management policies. As an elusive species, the common dolphin, Delphinus delphis is a good example of these conservation challenges. The North-East Atlantic population is affected by bycatch that threatens its viability. However, demographic information on this population is very limited and our understanding of the spatio-temporal structure and dynamics of bycatch is insufficient to set appropriate management objectives. This project aims to determine the current status of this common dolphin population with regard to conservation objectives in European waters with a focus on the Bay of Biscay. First a flexible vital rates estimation approach has been developed in order to highlight variations in vital rates over time and the effects of covariates while taking into account individual heterogeneity. Second, using such a methodological approach through a cross-sectional monitoring, allowed us to highlight both the temporal variations of the population vital rates and the impact of bycatch on the common dolphin population demography. The population is not viable and the population growth rate seems to have deteriorated since the mid 2000's. Third, using biased data from on-board observers, the number of incidental catches on a weekly basis was quantified for ten ICES sub-area over sixteen years. Fourth, the resulting vital rates combined with by catch estimates finally allowed the production of sustainable bycatch thresholds through a Management Strategy Evaluation approach in line with the European conservation objective
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Wood, S., S. M. Greenfield, M. S. Haque, U. Martin, P. S. Gill, J. Mant, Mohammed A. Mohammed, et al. "Influence of ethnicity on acceptability of method of blood pressure monitoring: a cross-sectional study in primary care." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7982.
Анотація:
YesBackground: Ambulatory and/or home monitoring are recommended in the UK and North America for the diagnosis of hypertension but little is known about acceptability. Aim: To determine the acceptability of different methods of measuring blood pressure to people from different ethnic minority groups. Design and setting : Cross sectional study with focus groups in primary care. Methods: People with and without hypertension of different ethnicities were assessed for acceptability of clinic, home and ambulatory blood pressure measurement using completion rate, questionnaire and focus groups. Results: 770 participants were included comprising white British (n=300), South Asian (n=241) and African Caribbean (n=229). White British participants had significantly higher successful completion rates across all monitoring modalities compared to the other ethnic groups, especially for ambulatory monitoring: white British (277 completed, 92%[89-95%]) vs South Asian (171, 71%[65-76%], p<0.001 and African Caribbean (188, 82%[77-87%], p<0.001) respectively. There were significantly lower acceptability scores for minority ethnic participants across all monitoring methods compared to white British. Focus group results highlighted self-monitoring as most acceptable and ambulatory monitoring least without consistent differences by ethnicity. Clinic monitoring was seen as inconvenient and anxiety provoking but with the advantage of immediate professional input. Conclusions: Reduced acceptability and completion rates amongst minority ethnic groups raise important questions for the implementation and interpretation of blood pressure monitoring in general and ambulatory monitoring in particular. Selection of method for blood pressure monitoring should take into account clinical need and patient preference as well as consideration of potential cultural barriers to monitoring.
NIHR
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Gonçalves, Marta Lisandra Caetano. "Comparison of Blood Pressure Variability Between 24H Ambulatory Monitoring and Office Blood Pressure in Diabetics and Non-diabetic Patients a Cross-Sectional Study." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139776.
Анотація:
Contexto: A evidência sobre a variabilidade da pressão arterial e a sua associação independente com outcomes adversos tem vindo a crescer. Os doentes diabéticos podem ter uma variabilidade da pressão arterial aumentada, mas ainda existe uma lacuna na evidência sobre a relação da variabilidade da pressão arterial na diabetes tipo 2, para além dos valores da pressão arterial média.
Objetivo: Analisar a relação da variabilidade da pressão arterial a curto prazo (monitorização da pressão arterial em ambulatório) e a longo prazo (variabilidade da pressão arterial entre consultas) numa população de doentes diabéticos e não-diabéticos e a sua relação com a taxa de filtração glomerular estimada e velocidade da onda de pulso, como indicadores de lesão de órgão alvo.
Métodos: Comparação da variabilidade da pressão arterial entre diabéticos e não-diabéticos através do teste Mann-Whitney U e um modelo linear generalizado realizado para comparar a variabilidade da pressão arterial entre diabéticos e não-diabéticos ajustada para a idade, índice de massa corporal, sexo, dislipidemia, história familiar de diabetes e de hipertensão arterial, sódio urinário, pressão arterial de base, taxa de filtração glomerular estimada e velocidade da onda de pulso.
Resultados: Neste estudo transversal foram incluídos 1123 doentes, com medições da pressão arterial no consultório e em ambulatório. A variabilidade da pressão arterial medida no consultório não se correlacionou com a variabilidade da pressão arterial nas 24horas nem foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos (diabéticos e não diabéticos) na análise univariada. Em relação à variabilidade da pressão arterial medida em ambulatório, apenas o coeficiente de variação para a pressão sistólica dos períodos de 24horas e dia permaneceu significativamente relacionado com a diabetes após ajuste: a variabilidade da pressão arterial foi superior nos diabéticos, nos doentes com menos de 65 anos, não se verificando nos doentes mais velhos, representando uma interação da idade com a variabilidade da pressão arterial.
Conclusão: Este estudo contribui para a perspetiva de associação da variabilidade da pressão arterial e a diabetes tipo 2, independentemente dos valores da pressão arterial média, mostrando que a variabilidade da pressão arterial a curto prazo pode ser um componente relevante na fisiopatologia que contribui para uma maior incidência de eventos adversos em subgrupos da população diabética.Background: Evidence regarding bood pressure variability (BPV) and its independent association with adverse outcomes has grown. Diabetic patients might have increased BPV, but there is still an evidence gap regarding relation between BPV and type 2 diabetes beyond mean values of BP. Objective: to examine the relationship of (BPV) both based on 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM, short-term variability) and on visit-to-visit in office blood pressure (OBP, long-term variability) evaluation in a large set of diabetic (D) and non-diabetic (ND) patients, and its relation with estimated glomerular flow rate (eGFR) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) as indicators of target organ lesion in diabetics. Methods: Comparison of BPV between D and ND used Mann-Whitney U test and a generalized linear model (GLM) was performed to compare BPV between D and ND adjusted for age, BMI, gender, dyslipidemia, family history of D, of hypertension, urinary sodium, baseline BP, eGFR and PWV. Results: A total of 1123 patients with ABPM and OBP measurements were included in a single-center cross-sectional study. OBPV did not correlate with 24-h BP variability and no measure of OBPV showed significant differences between groups in univariate analysis. Of ABPM BPV, only the coefficient of variation for 24h and daytime systolic blood pressure remained significantly related to diabetes after adjustment: BPV values were higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics in the patients under 65 years old but there was a shift in older patients, representing a significant interaction of age with BPV. Conclusions: This study improves the perspective of association of BPV with type 2 diabetes, independenty of mean BP values, reflecting that short term BPV itself may be a relevant component of pathophysiologic path involved in higher incidence of adverse events in specific subgroupds of diabetic population.
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Schwartz, C. L., C. E. Clark, C. Koshiaris, P. S. Gill, S. M. Greenfield, M. S. Haque, G. Heer, et al. "Inter-arm difference in systolic blood pressure in different ethnic groups and relationship to the “white coat effect”: a cross sectional study." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11880.
Анотація:
YesBackground: Inter-arm differences (IAD) ≥10mmHg in systolic blood pressure (BP) are associated with greater incidence of cardiovascular disease. The effect of ethnicity and the white coat effect (WCE) on significant systolic inter-arm differences (ssIADs) are not well understood. Methods: Differences in BP by ethnicity for different methods of BP measurement were examined in 770 people (300 White British, 241 South Asian, 229 African-Caribbean). Repeated clinic measurements were obtained simultaneously in the right and left arm using two BP-Tru monitors and comparisons made between the first reading, mean of second and third and mean of second to sixth readings for patients with, and without known hypertension. All patients had ambulatory monitoring (ABPM). WCE was defined as systolic Clinic BP ≥10mmHg higher than daytime ABPM. Results: No significant differences were seen in the prevalence of ssIAD between ethnicities whichever combinations of BP measurement were used and regardless of hypertensive status. ssIADs fell between the 1st measurement (161, 22%), 2nd/3rd (113, 16%) and 2nd-6th (78, 11%) (1st vs 2nd/3rd and 2nd-6th, p<0.001). Hypertensives with a WCE were more likely to have ssIADs on 1st, (OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.04-2.86), 2nd/3rd, (OR 3.05 (1.68-5.53) and 2nd-6th measurements, (OR 2.58 (1.22-5.44). Non-hypertensive participants with a WCE were more likely to have a ssIAD on their first measurement (OR 3.82 (1.77 -8.25) only. Conclusion: ssIAD prevalence does not vary with ethnicity regardless of hypertensive status but is affected by the number of readings, suggesting the influence of WCE. Multiple readings should be used to confirm ssIADs.
This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).
Книги з теми "Cross-sectional monitoring":
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Sukumar, Sarker, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh., and Operations Research Project (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), eds. Operations research on ESP delivery and community clinics in Bangladesh: Baseline assessment of indicators for monitoring ESP delivery in rural areas of Bangladesh : findings from a cross-sectional study. Dhaka: ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, 2001.
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Rowbotham, Emma L., and Andrew J. Grainger. Radiographic imaging. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0066.
Анотація:
Plain film radiography is often the first imaging modality employed in the assessment of patients with a rheumatological condition. More recently this has been superseded by cross-sectional imaging, in particular ultrasound and MRI, which have improved sensitivity in detection of early disease when compared with plain film imaging. However, there remains a role for conventional radiography in both the initial diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. A standard approach to assessing radiographs in the context of arthropathy is usually employed by radiologists; by following this structured review a diagnosis or narrow differential may be reached on plain film imaging alone. Plain film radiograph findings of the most common rheumatological disorders are covered in detail in this chapter including osteoarthritis, the inflammatory arthritides, and crystal arthropathy. Findings in the connective tissue disorders are then covered, followed by less commonly encountered conditions such as SAPHO, neuropathic arthropathy, and haemochromotosis.
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Rowbotham, Emma L., and Andrew J. Grainger. Radiographic imaging. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0066_update_001.
Анотація:
Plain film radiography is often the first imaging modality employed in the assessment of patients with a rheumatological condition. More recently this has been superseded by cross-sectional imaging, in particular ultrasound and MRI, which have improved sensitivity in detection of early disease when compared with plain film imaging. However, there remains a role for conventional radiography in both the initial diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. A standard approach to assessing radiographs in the context of arthropathy is usually employed by radiologists; by following this structured review a diagnosis or narrow differential may be reached on plain film imaging alone. Plain film radiograph findings of the most common rheumatological disorders are covered in detail in this chapter including osteoarthritis, the inflammatory arthritides, and crystal arthropathy. Findings in the connective tissue disorders are then covered, followed by less commonly encountered conditions such as SAPHO, neuropathic arthropathy, and haemochromotosis.
Частини книг з теми "Cross-sectional monitoring":
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Wollschläger, Rachel, Pascale Esch, Ulrich Keller, Antoine Fischbach, and Ineke M. Pit-ten Cate. "Academic Achievement and Subjective Well-being: A Representative Cross-sectional Study." In Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Jugendalter, 191–213. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35744-3_10.
Анотація:
AbstractFormal education is a very important, time-intensive, and highly consequential aspect of adolescents’ everyday life. School as well as education can influence adolescents’ well-being in both the short- and long-term. In return, adolescents’ well-being in- and outside school may affect their educational achievement. The objective of the present study is to investigate how self-reported dimensions of adolescents’ subjective well-being (SWB) in an educational context (i.e., academic self-concept, school anxiety, social and emotional inclusion) relate to educational pathways (regular vs. irregular school transitions; attendance of more vs. less prestigious secondary school tracks) and standardized assessment scores in key academic areas (i.e., mathematics and languages). Drawing on representative data emerging from the Luxembourg School Monitoring Programme “Épreuves Standardisées” (academic year 2018/2019), the relationship between academic achievement and students’ self-reported well-being was analysed cross-sectionally for the entire student cohorts of 5th and 9th graders. Result indicated that grades and educational pathways affect SWB, whereby in general lower ratings of SWB were observed in older students, students that experienced grade retention and students in lower secondary school tracks. Furthermore, ratings of SWB explained a significant proportion of variance in academic achievement in bot Grade 5 and Grade 9. These findings highlight the importance of student´ SWB in education. SWB may not only affect academic achievement, but also impact motivation and engagement and hence long-term educational success. Implications of the findings for research and educational debate are discussed.
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Al-Mamari, Mahmood M., Sameh A. Kantoush, and Tetsuya Sumi. "Innovative Monitoring Techniques for Wadi Flash Flood by Using Image-Based Analysis." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 251–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_9.
Анотація:
AbstractFlash floods in wadi systems are a very important environmental issue, and their monitoring is necessary for many applications, including water resource management, irrigation and flood control. However, monitoring networks are very rare and lack spatial distribution features. In this study, image-based techniques were used to quantify and monitor flash floods in wadi channels by using two different methods. In the first section, we employed photogrammetry processing technique to quantify post-peak flood discharges by using a drone survey to build a digital elevation model (DEM) with a high resolution and calibrated and validated the model with a field survey (levelling measurements). This technique used drone-collected images to construct a DEM for extracting a cross-sectional profile and elevation points to calculate the peak discharge using the slope-area method with the Manning equation. In the second section, we combined the previous technique with the large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) technique to measure flash flood discharge by installing a fixed camera on a road bridge crossing a wadi channel and using a digitally extracted cross section from the DEM in the analysis. The results of those techniques show a high efficiency that is equivalent to that of conventional methods.
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Dumba, Hillary, Jones Abrefa Danquah, and Ari Pappinen. "Rural Farmers’ Approach to Drought Adaptation: Lessons from Crop Farmers in Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1033–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_29.
Анотація:
AbstractSub-Saharan Africa is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change-related disasters particularly drought. Farmers in Ghana have learnt to co-exist with it by resorting to various approaches. This study sheds light on farmers’ adaptation to drought in Ghana. The cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a random sample of 326 farmers and six purposively selected lead farmers from six farming communities. Questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed a significant variation between locations and use of drought adaptation approaches. The study showed that the most common drought adaptation measures comprise locating farms on riverine areas, drought monitoring, formation of farm-based organizations for dissemination of climate information, application of agro-chemicals, changing planting dates, cultivating different crops, integrating crop and livestock production, changing the location of crops, diversifying from farm to non-farm income-generating activities, and cultivation of early maturing crops. Therefore, it was recommended, among other things, that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should assist the government to construct small-scale irrigation facilities and provide drought-resistant crops to further boost the capacity of farming communities in Ghana.
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Zhang, Q., and Y. Li. "Cross-sectional stress distribution of short suspenders in arch bridges." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, Health Monitoring and Informatics - IABMAS '08. Taylor & Francis, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828434.ch399.
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Vaughan, J. Patrick, Cesar Victora, and A. Mushtaque R Chowdhury. "Health Surveys." In Practical Epidemiology, 102–20. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192848741.003.0008.
Анотація:
Surveys are used to collect data on the population distribution and frequency of health behaviours and use of services, health risks and diseases, as well as for the monitoring the implementation of health interventions, services, and programmes. Cross-sectional surveys collect prevalence data and longitudinal surveys collect mainly incidence information. Surveys can provide more accurate data than is available from local health information or surveillance systems. Survey methods are explained, such as on objectives, choice of variables, and sampling. Before undertaking surveys, local teams are advised to seek specialist advice and support.
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Dragamestianou, Aggeliki, Ifigeneia Vasiliki Kontoteza, Olga Siskou, Petros Galanis, Athanasia Papazafiropoulou, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Parisis Gallos, Iliana Karagkouni, and Daphne Kaitelidou. "Investigating Diabetes Mellitus Patients’ Experiences with Self Monitoring Blood Glucose Methods." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220768.
Анотація:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels, and it is considered as a modern global threat. Glucose monitoring is an important component of modern therapy for diabetes mellitus. Self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) by finger pricking or flash glucose monitoring (FGM) allows individual planning of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate patients’ experiences with self-monitoring blood glucose methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Glucose Monitoring Experiences Questionnaire (GME-Q), consisted of 22 items with an overall score ranging from 1 to 5 (higher score indicates better experiences). The study included adult patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM 1) or type 2 (DM 2). Results: Out of 253 participants (mean age, 56.4 years), 65.6% were suffering from DM type 2 and 34.4% from DM type 1, whereas 48.6% were using SMBG and 49.8% FGM. The mean score of convenience and effectiveness were higher in the group of patients using FGM, while SMBG found to be more discreet. The results of the analysis suggested that there was no relation between gender and effectiveness, discreetness or convenience of the method used for glucose monitoring. Furthermore, participants with diabetes type 2 reported higher “convenient” and “discreetness” score than patients with diabetes type 1. The analysis also indicated that there was no relation between the age of the participants and the effectiveness, discreetness and convenience of any glucose monitoring method. Conclusions: Improved self-glucose monitoring experiences are an essential component to achieve effective management of patients suffering from both DM 1 and DM 2. More research should be conducted on the field of glucose monitoring experiences, related to the cost of the methods, the user’s training and the ability to support insulin/diet calculations.
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Rowbotham, Emma L., and Andrew J. Grainger. "Radiographic imaging." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 477–91. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0066_update_002.
Анотація:
Plain film radiography is often the first imaging modality employed in the assessment of patients with a rheumatological condition. More recently this has been superseded by cross-sectional imaging, in particular ultrasound and MRI, which have improved sensitivity in detection of early disease when compared with plain film imaging. However, there remains a role for conventional radiography in both the initial diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. A standard approach to assessing radiographs in the context of arthropathy is usually employed by radiologists; by following this structured review a diagnosis or narrow differential may be reached on plain film imaging alone. Plain film radiograph findings of the most common rheumatological disorders are covered in detail in this chapter including osteoarthritis, the inflammatory arthritides, and crystal arthropathy. Findings in the connective tissue disorders are then covered, followed by less commonly encountered conditions such as SAPHO, neuropathic arthropathy, and haemochromotosis.
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Llera, Lucía, María Florencia Grande Ratti, Oscar Ignacio Jauregui, Carlos Martin Otero, Daniel R. Luna, Mariana Burgos, and María Paula Russo. "Recurrence of Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Areas: An Opportunity to Improve Patient Care Using Electronic Health Records." In MEDINFO 2021: One World, One Health – Global Partnership for Digital Innovation. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220099.
Анотація:
Electronic Health Records offer an opportunity to improve patient care (in terms of quality and/or safety) by making available patient health information stored in a single Clinical Data Repository. We aimed to estimate the frequency of hypoglycemic recurrences in hospitalized adult patients in non-critical areas. We designed a cross sectional study with hospitalizations between 2017 and 2018, which included patients with at least one hypoglycemia health record (defined as a value <70 mg/dL, either by capillary glycemic monitoring or serum measurement). Recurrence was defined as those who presented a second event, with at least 2 hours of difference. We included 1884 patients, and 573 presented recurrences, yielding a global prevalence of 30.41% (95%CI 28.34–32.54). Due to the high frequency, it is important to identify vulnerable populations, to implement preventive measures to assist clinicians for decision-making tasks, as a clinical decision support system.
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Tudpor, Kukiat, Chatcharida Saisawai, Sasina Kaewpho, and Amaraporn Jitseeda. "Psychological Stress Is a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in College Students." In pHealth 2021. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210619.
Анотація:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial disease. This cross-sectional study was aimed to investigate relationship between stress and risk for T2DM in college students. Seven-hundred participants (350 T2DM risk and 350 non-T2DM risk groups). Stress index levels and heart rate variability (HRV) were respectively measured as primary and secondary outcomes. Results showed that both T2DM-risk and non-T2DM-risk groups had temporary stress, but the T2DM-risk group had significantly higher level of psychological stress (P < .001). For the HRV, the T2DM-risk group had significantly lower levels of parasympathetic proxies (lnHF, SDNN, and RMSSD) (P < .001). Chi-square (χ2) test showed significant correlation of the stressful state with T2DM risk (χ2 = 159.372, P < .001, odds ratio (OR) = 9.326). In conclusion, psychological stress is a risk factor for T2DM in college students. Early detection, monitoring, and treatments of psychological stress should be implemented in this group of population.
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Zhirnov, Ivan, and Dean Kouprianoff. "Acoustic Diagnostic of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processes." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220173.
Анотація:
Online monitoring of Laser Powder Bed Fusion is critical to advance the technology and its applications. Many studies have shown that the acoustic signal from the laser powder bed fusion process contains a large amount of information about the process condition. In this research, we used an acoustic system for the in-situ characterization of a wide variety of different single-track geometries. The internal acoustic system includes a microphone and accelerometer. The melting mode, cross-sectional shape and dimensions of Ti6Al4V single tracks at different process parameters are presented. We have established a correlation between track geometry, internal defects and acoustic signals. The parameters are varied and tested against the acoustic frequency measurements to determine the sensitivity. We determined the patterns of signal behaviour in the event of anomalies (spatter, balling, pores, undercut). The characteristic features of the process are traced to a commercial machine. Well described dataset with correlated monitoring data and signal tracks properties obtained and can be used for building classification model and quality prediction. All this is aimed at creating a database of experimental data that will be a key for LPBF digitalization and control, allowing real-time control of the process to optimize part quality and, more importantly, help with decision-making algorithms.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cross-sectional monitoring":
1
Muthuswami, L., Y. Zheng, and Robert E. Geer. "Nondestructive nanomechanical imaging: cross-sectional ultrasonic force microscopy of integrated circuit test structures." In NDE for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics, edited by Norbert Meyendorf, George Y. Baaklini, and Bernd Michel. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.483994.
2
Raats, Daan, Tatjana Decaesteker, Matilda Fogelström, Lieven Dupont, and Natalie Lorent. "Cross-sectional evaluation of serum and sputum calprotectin in bronchiectasis disease monitoring." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2678.
3
Ibrahim, Mahmoud Ismael Abdelaziz, Rianne De Vries, Ariana Lammers, Binbin Xu, Anne Neerincx, Susanne Vijverberg, Yennece Dagelet, et al. "Cross-sectional biomarker comparisons with a longitudinal perspective in asthma monitoring: the eNose premise." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2194.
4
Besirli, Mustafa, Kerim Ture, Maurice Beghetti, Catherine Dehollain, Marco Mattavelli, and Diego Barrettino. "An Implantable Inductive Sensor for Direct and Continuous Monitoring of the Pulmonary Artery Cross-Sectional Area." In 2022 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas54905.2022.9948566.
5
Tsai, Mingsheng, J. H. Yeh, Hermes Liu, Scott Lin, Kirin Wang, Shuen Chen Lei, Wei-Yih Wu, Hong-Chi Wu, Hong Xiao, and Jack Jau. "In-line High-Resistance Tungsten Plug Defect Monitoring with an Advanced e-beam System." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0448.
Анотація:
Abstract In-line e-beam inspection is performed to detect dark voltage contrast (DVC) defects on normally bright W-plugs. Cross-sectional SEM and TEM in an FA lab verified that the different gray level values (GLV) of DVC defects are caused by different resistances of the W-plugs. We found that DVC defects with lower GLV (GLV1) are W-plugs that are open and almost open. DVC defects with GLV2 are caused by partially open W-plugs and in-plug voids.
6
Green, Itzhak, and Cody Casey. "Crack Detection in a Rotor Dynamic System by Vibration Monitoring: Part I — Analysis." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38659.
Анотація:
Many practical rotor dynamic systems contain shaft/rotor elements that are highly susceptible to transverse cross-sectional cracks due to fatigue. The early detection of mechanical malfunction that can be provided by an effective vibration monitoring system is essential. Two theoretical analyses, global and local asymmetry crack models, are utilized to identify characteristics of the system response that may be directly attributed to the presence of a transverse crack in a rotating shaft. A model consisting of an overhung whirling rotor is utilized to match an experimental test rig. A 2X harmonic component of the system response is shown to be the primary response characteristic resulting from the introduction of a crack. Once the unique characteristics of the system response are identified, they serve then as target observations for the monitoring system.
7
"Technique for Analyzing Relationship Between Unbalanced Load and Structural Deterioration in Outside Facilities." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-41.
Анотація:
Abstract. In order to provide telecommunication and FTTH services, NTT have installed so many facilities such as utility poles and optical cables. The number of poles is about 11.8 million and the total length of all installed cables is about 2.3 million km. These facilities are now maintained and inspected visually by on-site maintenance staff at great expense. Therefore, we are researching a novel outside-facility renovation technology that increases cost-effectiveness by ensuring the long-term safe use of facilities. When a utility pole is newly constructed, it is designed under the assumption of a maximum load such as wind pressure being applied to the pole via cables and auxiliary attachments. However, the loads can become imbalanced when the guy wire cannot be tensioned as they cross private land or when there are obstacles, etc. We call this condition that unbalanced loads occur. Unbalanced loads are one of the key reasons for the structural deterioration of utility poles. After the deterioration occurs, the risk of pole collapse increases, because deflection and inclination are generated and finally the cracks propagate until collapse. The conventional solution is to replace the damaged pole. However, in many cases, the loads are created by other contiguous poles, so unbalanced loads occur again. Therefore, we are developing a method that can identify the reason by regarding sets of utility poles as "facility systems" and analyzing unbalanced loads quantitatively by FEM. In our research, simulation accuracy is improved by determining the quantitative differences obtained by comparing the calculated results obtained by FEM with measured values obtained by using a reaction wall. The simulations of structural degradation due to unbalanced loads taking into account the deformation of cables due to wind velocity and air temperature in addition to various material properties such as hysteresis and the sectional model of the utility poles. In addition to the above, the effect of soil is considered as a spring element, and the analysis involves the elements of horizontal spring (Kxi, Kzi) and vertical spring (Kv). While the calculated and the measured values show good agreement, there is some small error. This error is considered to be due to the influence of parameters such as tensile and compressive strength, and we aim to improve the simulation accuracy by considering these effects in the future.
8
Liu, Pilin, Fan-yi Ouyang, Shenquan Ou, Zezhong Fu, and Goyal Deepak. "Solder Joint Electromigration Mechanisms." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89023.
Анотація:
Electromigation behavior of solder joints with thick Cu column was studied. The failure mechanisms for both SnPb and SnAg solder joints were discussed. To better understand the mechanisms, voids nucleation and propagation were also studied through Kelvin structure resistant monitoring and cross-sectional in-situ SEM observation. It was observed that package substrate process may play a role on how much portion of the life time that void nucleation and propagation could take respectively. Package warpage also played an important role on electromigration performance.
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Wang, Xuesong, Barry Lennox, Gordon Short, John Turner, Keith Lewis, Zhengtao Ding, Karl Dawson, and Chris Lewis. "Detecting Blockages and Valve Status in Natural Gas Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31247.
Анотація:
This paper will provide an overview of a novel acoustic reflectometry method that has been developed to detect features, such as blockages and leakages in industrial gas-filled pipelines. The basic concept of the technique is to inject a pulse of sound into a pipeline and then measure the reflections produced as this signal travels along the length of the pipe. Wherever the internal cross sectional area of the pipeline changes then there will be a refection produced. With knowledge of the speed of sound in the gas, the time of flight can be determined and the location of the change in cross sectional area can be identified. The technique is non-invasive and can be used to accurately detect many pipeline features, such as holes, blockages and other objects including valves and even welding joints. The paper will present the results from laboratory tests and field trials which will show the accuracy of the technique in detecting and locating blockages and valve status in industrial pipelines with lengths exceeding 10km and containing high pressure gas. In particular, details of a test where the method was used to identify valve status in a live offshore pipeline, containing high pressure gas will be provided. The difficulties associated with detecting abnormalities in pipelines containing flowing gas will be discussed and suitable signal processing methods will be described which should enable the technique to be applied as a continuous monitoring tool for offshore gas pipelines.
10
Bonfiglió, A., M. Vanzi, M. B. Casu, F. Magistrali, M. Maini, and G. Salmini. "Interpretation of Sudden Failures in Pump Laser Diodes." In ISTFA 1997. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1997p0189.
Анотація:
Abstract The occurrence of sudden failures has been reported for 980 nm SL SQW InGaAs pump lasers. The post-mortem analysis reveals failure modes that are consistent with the formation of defects at the active area. The problem calls for two separate efforts: monitoring the degradation at suitable time resolution and structural characterization of defects. This article reports about the optical power and overall voltage monitoring results during a constant current lifetest, in which "sudden failures" switched off the lasers in a few hours, after 1500 hours of regular life, and about their interpretation based on TEM cross-sectional images across an EBIC-detected high recombination site. The hypothesis that Recombination Enhanced Defect Reaction (REDR) is a suitable mechanism for defect growth in forward biased GaAs-based diodes is proposed and discussed that REDR is the origin of the observed sudden failures, starting from native defects located in "cool" regions.
Звіти організацій з теми "Cross-sectional monitoring":
1
Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.
Анотація:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...
2
Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.
Анотація:
Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance of alternative MLMS units was performed. These MLMS included an unmanned ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a portable backpack system along with its vehicle-mounted version, a medium-grade wheel-based system, and a high-grade wheel-based system. Point cloud from all the MLMS units were in agreement in the vertical direction within the ±3 cm range for solid surfaces, such as paved roads, and ±7 cm range for surfaces with vegetation. The portable backpack system that could be carried by a surveyor or mounted on a vehicle and was the most flexible MLMS. The report concludes that due to flexibility and cost effectiveness of the portable backpack system, it is the preferred platform for mapping roadside ditches, followed by the medium-grade wheel-based system. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulders, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively. Furthermore, a framework for ditch line characterization is proposed and tested using datasets acquired by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems over a state highway. An existing ground filtering approach is modified to handle variations in point density of mobile LiDAR data. Hydrological analyses, including flow direction and flow accumulation, are applied to extract the drainage network from the digital terrain model (DTM). Cross-sectional/longitudinal profiles of the ditch are automatically extracted from LiDAR data, and visualized in 3D point clouds and 2D images. The slope derived from the LiDAR data was found to be very close to highway cross slope design standards of 2% on driving lanes, 4% on shoulder, as well as 6-by-1 slope for ditch lines. Potential flooded regions are identified by detecting areas with no LiDAR return and a recall score of 54% and 92% was achieved by the medium-grade wheel-based and vehicle-mounted portable systems, respectively.
3
Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-April 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2028.
Анотація:
Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
4
Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-March 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.030.
Анотація:
Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
5
Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, H. Aird, S. Lai, M. Chattaway, I. Lock, E. Quill, and G. Raykova. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.
Анотація:
Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.