Готові списки джерел за темами / Cryptic sex

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cryptic sex"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 1 лютого 2023

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Cryptic sex".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Cryptic sex":

Kück, Ulrich, and Stefanie Pöggeler. "Cryptic sex in fungi." Fungal Biology Reviews 23, no. 3 (August 2009): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2009.10.004.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lopes, Anabela, Benedetto T. Linaldeddu, Alan J. L. Phillips, and Artur Alves. "Mating type gene analyses in the genus Diplodia: From cryptic sex to cryptic species." Fungal Biology 122, no. 7 (July 2018): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.012.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Grimsley, N., B. Pequin, C. Bachy, H. Moreau, and G. Piganeau. "Cryptic Sex in the Smallest Eukaryotic Marine Green Alga." Molecular Biology and Evolution 27, no. 1 (September 4, 2009): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp203.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kupriyanova, L. A., and L. D. Safronova. "Results and perspectives of cyto- and genetic studying of “cryptic” group of the Lacertidae." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 324, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2020.324.1.100.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Results of chromosomal and molecular studies of the lizard Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Lacertidae) from many geographically separate populations of Europe and Asia have been generalized. The questions of karyotype differences within the species, of diversity of its Zw and multiple Z1Z2W sex chromosome, their reorganizations and evolutionary consequences have been briefly considered. Stability of forming karyotypes is as an integrating factor which allow to identify the specimens and unite them into the groups possessing the distinct distribution areas. There are a correlation between chromosomal, mt DNA and nuclear DNA data. Finally all data obtained allow to draw a conclusion that Z. vivipara represents a cryptic group of cryptic taxa. Besides new data about the behavior of multiple sex chromosomes (SC, synaptonemal complexes) in early meiosis and molecular-cytogenetic data on transposable elements (TE) in the genome of Z. vivipara, their localization in the definite regions of chromosomes may suggest that they play a role in active speciation process by formation of cryptic taxa.

Alam, Shayer Mahmood Ibney, Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut, Dianne Gleeson, Arthur Georges, Stephen D. Sarre, Kornsorn Srikulnath, and Tariq Ezaz. "Sex-Determination Mechanisms among Populations within Cryptic Species Complex of Calotes (Squamata: Agamidae: Draconinae)." DNA 1, no. 2 (October 6, 2021): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dna1020006.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Sex-determination mechanisms and sex chromosomes are known to vary among reptile species and, in a few celebrated examples, within populations of the same species. The oriental garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, is one of the most intriguing species in this regard, exhibiting evidence of multiple sex-determination modes within a single species. One possible explanation for this unusual distribution is that in C. versicolor, different modes of sex determination are confined to a particular population or a species within a cryptic species complex. Here, we report on a population genetic analysis using SNP data from a methylation-sensitive DArT sequencing analysis and mitochondrial DNA data obtained from samples collected from six locations: three from Bangladesh and three from Thailand. Our aim was to determine whether C. versicolor is best described as a single species with multiple lineages or as multiple species, as well as if its sex-determination mechanisms vary within or between species. We present evidence that the latter possibility is the case and that C. versicolor comprises a complex of cryptic species. We also identify sex-linked markers within these species and use them to identify modes of sex determination. Overall, our results suggest that different sex-determination modes have evolved among closely related species and within populations of Agamid lizards.

El-Ballal, A. S. I. "CRYPTIC POLYMORPHISM OF SEX EXPRESSION IN CUMIN (CUMINUM CYMINUM, L.)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 208 (August 1987): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.208.21.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Jasna Vukić, Jan Červenka, Lukáš Kubička, Martina Johnson Pokorná, Dominika Kukačková, Michail Rovatsos, and Lubomír Piálek. "Mixed‐sex offspring produced via cryptic parthenogenesis in a lizard." Molecular Ecology 29, no. 21 (September 30, 2020): 4118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15617.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

König, Christian, Johannes L. M. Steidle, and Till Tolasch. "Decrypting Cryptic Click Beetle Species by Analysis of Sex Pheromones." Journal of Chemical Ecology 41, no. 8 (August 2015): 740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-015-0606-6.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Whiteley, Sarah L., Arthur Georges, Vera Weisbecker, Lisa E. Schwanz, and Clare E. Holleley. "Ovotestes suggest cryptic genetic influence in a reptile model for temperature-dependent sex determination." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1943 (January 20, 2021): 20202819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2819.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Sex determination and differentiation in reptiles is complex. Temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), genetic sex determination (GSD) and the interaction of both environmental and genetic cues (sex reversal) can drive the development of sexual phenotypes. The jacky dragon ( Amphibolurus muricatus ) is an attractive model species for the study of gene–environment interactions because it displays a form of Type II TSD, where female-biased sex ratios are observed at extreme incubation temperatures and approximately 50 : 50 sex ratios occur at intermediate temperatures. This response to temperature has been proposed to occur due to underlying sex determining loci, the influence of which is overridden at extreme temperatures. Thus, sex reversal at extreme temperatures is predicted to produce the female-biased sex ratios observed in A. muricatus . The occurrence of ovotestes during development is a cellular marker of temperature sex reversal in a closely related species Pogona vitticeps . Here, we present the first developmental data for A. muricatus , and show that ovotestes occur at frequencies consistent with a mode of sex determination that is intermediate between GSD and TSD. This is the first evidence suggestive of underlying unidentified sex determining loci in a species that has long been used as a model for TSD.

Gemeno, C., N. Laserna, M. Riba, J. Valls, C. Castañé, and O. Alomar. "Cuticular hydrocarbons discriminate cryptic Macrolophus species (Hemiptera: Miridae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 102, no. 6 (April 17, 2012): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000193.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

AbstractMacrolophus pygmaeus is commercially employed in the biological control of greenhouse and field vegetable pests. It is morphologically undistinguishable from the cryptic species M. melanotoma, and this interferes with the evaluation of the biological control activity of M. pygmaeus. We analysed the potential of cuticular hydrocarbon composition as a method to discriminate the two Macrolophus species. A third species, M. costalis, which is different from the other two species by having a dark spot at the tip of the scutellum, served as a control. Sex, diet and species, all had significant effects in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, but the variability associated to sex or diet was smaller than among species. Discriminant quadratic analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons confirmed the results of previous molecular genetic studies and showed, using cross-validation methods, that M. pygmaeus can be discriminated from M. costalis and M. melanotoma with prediction errors of 6.75% and 0%, respectively. Therefore, cuticular hydrocarbons can be used to separate M. pygmaeus from M. melanotoma reliably.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Cryptic sex":

Strittmatter, Lara I. "Cryptic Dioecy in Consolea (Cactaceae): Sex Determination & Evolutionary Implications." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1155661114.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Barnett, Mandy. "Sex in southern african spirostreptida millipedes : mechanisms of sperm competition and cryptic female choice." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17557.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Bibliography: pages 163-179.
Spirostreptida millipedes comprise three families, the Harpagophoridae, Spirostreptidae and Odontopygidae. They are polygynandrous. Males transfer sperm via species-specific accessory genitalia called gonopods, that comprise three components, two of which, the emote and telopodite, are involved in processes of sperm transfer. The emotes function to translocate ejaculates from the penes to the vulvae, where they are stored. A delay between insemination and fertilisation provides an arena for syn- and postcopulatory sexual competition. These operate at the gametic level via sperm competition and cryptic female choice. By combining studies of genital form and function with single and double mating experiments, this study elucidates these processes in some southern African Spirostreptida millipedes.

Ålund, née Podevin Murielle. "Sex, Sperm and Speciation : On sexual selection and fertility in hybridizing flycatchers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326807.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Sexual reproduction entails complex co-evolution between the sexes, necessary for successful fertilization, ensuring individual and population-level fitness. Interfertility is the main criterion for species definition and understanding speciation requires detailed studies of reproductive barriers. However, many studies on reproductive barriers are constrained to infer evolutionary processes from patterns. In this thesis, I focus on a hybrid zone between collared and pied flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis and hypoleuca) on the island of Öland, and a trait that is essential for fertilization: sperm. Long-term monitoring of these species, combined with recent advances in molecular tools, allow me to study how complex on-going intersexual and interspecific interactions influence reproductive isolation in this young hybrid zone. I start by exploring the links between pre- and postmating sexual selection within collared flycatchers (paper I and II). I show that secondary sexual characters and indirect mate-choice benefits are tightly linked to physiology (paper I), and that a male’s attractiveness and dominance status dictate which sperm traits are optimal, as a male’s fertilization success depends on an interaction between sperm and display traits (paper II). I then report a source of strong postzygotic isolation between recently diverged collared and pied flycatchers: impaired spermatogenesis resulting in absence of mature sperm cells in hybrid males (paper III). I show however that pied flycatcher females, who are most exposed to hybridization, can mitigate these costs through mechanisms of cryptic female choice impairing heterospecific sperm performance, allowing them to bias paternity towards pure-species offspring (paper IV). Finally, by exploring the testes transcriptomes and sperm proteomes of both species, I highlight the importance of gene and protein regulation mechanisms in facilitating phenotypic divergence between these species (paper V). Thus, my thesis reveals complex interactions between primary and secondary sexual characters in a wild bird and suggests that mechanisms of sexual selection are tightly linked to essential physiological functions. I also show that genetic incompatibilities can evolve rapidly despite low genome-wide levels of divergence but that divergence in regulatory regions and proteins potentially allows fast evolution of molecular mechanisms impairing or preventing costly heterospecific fertilization.

Boyer, Loreleï. "Causes et conséquences évolutives de l’asexualité non-clonale chez Artemia." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG006.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

La majorité des espèces parthénogétiques sont souvent perçues comme clonales. La clonalité est coûteuse à long terme, car elle peut entraîner l'accumulation de mutations délétères et une moins bonne capacité d’adaptation. Cependant, les cas d’espèces asexuées non clonales s'accumulent. L’asexualité non-clonale génère des conséquences génomiques et de fitness très différentes de la clonalité, et pourraient représenter une étape-clé dans la transition du sexe vers l’asexualité. De plus, l’asexualité peut être souvent non-obligatoire, avec des événements de sexe cryptiques. Ces évènements peuvent aussi façonner le génome et l'évolution des lignées asexuées. Dans cette thèse, j'ai étudié le mode de reproduction d'Artemia parthenogenetica, et son rôle dans la transition du sexe vers l'asexualité et l'évolution des lignées asexuées. En particulier, j'ai utilisé la capacité des mâles produits par voie asexuée (“mâles rares”) à se croiser avec des femelles sexuées et à transmettre l’asexualité à leurs descendants (asexualité contagieuse), pour générer expérimentalement de nouvelles lignées. J’ai montré que les Artemia asexués diploïdes ont un mode de reproduction non-clonal, dans lequel la recombinaison entraîne une perte d'hétérozygotie (LOH, pour “loss of heterozygosity”) chez les descendants. Le LOH est coûteux car il peut révéler des mutations délétères récessives. Peut-être en raison de la sélection causée par les conséquences délétères du LOH, le taux de recombinaison chez les Artemia asexués était plus faible que chez une espèce sexuée apparentée. J'ai également constaté que les hybrides sexués avaient une reproduction mixte sexuée et asexuée, et que les femelles asexuées issues de populations naturelles étaient capables de sexe rare. Cela signifie que des événements rares de sexe chez les Artemia asexués pourraient se produire entre un mâle rare et une femelle asexuée se reproduisant sexuellement. En effectuant une revue de la façon don t les modes de reproduction asexués sont identifiés dans la littérature, j'ai constaté que l'identification et la perception générale des asexués étaient biaisées en faveur de la clonalité, car une grande partie des espèces asexuées examinées étaient en fait non-clonales, et les preuves de la clonalité étaient souvent insuffisantes. En outre, la majorité des asexués non-clonaux avaient des modes de reproduction qui entraînaient de faibles taux de LOH. Cela suggère que les asexués non-clonaux évoluent souvent secondairement vers une reproduction plus clonale. Ainsi, même les espèces clonales pourraient ne pas avoir été clonales au cours de leur histoire évolutive. Enfin, avec une analyse génomique sur de nouvelles lignées générées par contagion, j'ai démontré que chez Artemia, les mâles rares sont produits asexuellement par recombinaison et donc LOH sur les chromosomes sexuels ZW. Nous savons que l'asexualité contagieuse, et peut-être des croisements entre lignées, ont eu lieu au cou rs de l'histoire évolutive d'A. parthenogenetica. L'asexualité contagieuse et/ou des événements sexuels chez les asexués constituent peut-être des opportunités pour que le(s) gène(s) contrôlant l'asexualité s'échappe(nt) des lignées en déclin vers de nouvelles lignées. Dans ce cas, l'asexualité contagieuse par le biais de mâles rares pourrait être la raison pour laquelle la recombinaison persiste chez les Artemia asexués. Chez de nombreuses espèces, l’identification de l’asexualité non clonale et des événements de sexe n'est toujours pas claire et nécessite une étude approfondie. Théoriquement, il y a un fort besoin de modèles prenant en compte les conséquences génomiques de l'asexualité non-clonale et non-obligatoire, et leur rôle dans la transition du sexe vers l'asexualité et la maintenance du sexe
The majority of parthenogenetic species are often thought to be clonal. Clonality is costly in the long term, as it can result in accumulation of deleterious mutations and lower adaptability. However, cases reporting non-clonal asexuals are accumulating. Non-clonal asexuality has very different genomic and fitness consequences compared to clonality, and may be a key intermediate step in the transition from sex to asexuality. Additionally, asexuality may be often non-obligate, with events of cryptic sex. These events may also shape the genome and evolution of asexual lineages. In this PhD, I investigated the reproductive mode of Artemia parthenogenetica and its role in the transition from sex to asexuality and the evolution of asexual lineages. Specifically, I used the capacity of asexually produced males (“rare males”) to cross with sexual females and transmit asexuality to their offspring (contagious asexuality), to experimentally generate new lineages. I showed that diploid asexual Artemia have a non-clonal reproductive mode, in which recombination results in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the offspring. LOH is costly as it can reveal recessive deleterious mutations. Perhaps due to selection caused by the deleterious consequences of LOH, the recombination rate in these asexuals was lower than in a closely related sexual species. I also found that sex-asex hybrids had a mixed sexual and asexual reproduction, and that asexual females from natural populations were capable of rare sex. This means that rare events of sex in asexual Artemia could occur between a rare male and an asexual female reproducing sexually. In a review of how asexual reproductive modes were identified in the literature, I found that there was a bias in the identification and general perception of asexuals toward clonality, as an important part of the asexual species reviewed were in fact non-clonal, and evidence for clonality was often missing. Furthermore, the maj ority of non-clonal asexuals had reproductive modes that resulted in low LOH. This suggests that non-clonal asexuals often evolve secondarily toward a more clonal-like reproduction, so that even clonal species may not have been clonal throughout their evolutionary history. Finally, using genomics on contagion-generated lineages, I found that in Artemia, rare males are produced asexually through recombination and thus LOH on the ZW sex chromosomes. We know that contagious asexuality, and possibly between-lineages crosses, occurred in the evolutionary history of A. parthenogenetica. Perhaps, contagious asexuality and/or within asexual sex events provide opportunities for the gene(s) controlling asexuality to escape declining lineages into new ones. In this case, contagious asexuality through rare males may be the reason why recombination persists in asexual Artemia. Whether non-clonal asexuality and sex events occur in many parthenogenetic species is still unclear, and requires thorou gh investigation. Theoretically, there is a strong need for models taking into account the genomic consequences of non-clonal and non-obligate asexuality, and their role in the transition from sex to asexuality and the maintenance of sex

Chi, Jingyun [Verfasser], and Micah [Akademischer Betreuer] Dunthorn. "Meiosis genes inventory in alveolates and other protist provide evidence for cryptic sex and the prevalence of a synaptonemal complex-independent crossover pathway / Jingyun Chi ; Betreuer: Micah Dunthorn." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229917101/34.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Vecchioni, Luca. "Systematics and phylogeography of the genus Tigriopus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Harpacticidae) in the basin of the Mediterranean Sea." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/144122.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

[ES] El género de copépodos Tigriopus Norman, 1869 se distribuye en todo el mundo en piscinas costeras de rocas y actualmente se considera que incluye 15 especies válidas. Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860), con su subespecie Tigriopus fulvus adriaticus Van Douwe 1913 y Tigriopus fulvus algiricus Monard 1935, actualmente se informa que ocurren en el área mediterránea, pero actualmente se desconoce la diversidad real del género. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la identidad real de las poblaciones mediterráneas de Tigriopus y dilucidar su taxonomía y patrón de diversidad genética. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, utilizamos dos enfoques diferentes. El primero, basado en la morfología, donde las posibles diferencias morfológicas entre muestras topotípicas de Tigriopus fulvus s.s. y muestras topotípicas de las dos subespecies fueron investigadas. Un segundo, sobre una base molecular, donde se secuenciaron fragmentos de dos genes de ADN mitocondrial (subunidad I de citocromo c oxidasa, COI y subunidad de ARN ribosómico pequeño, 12S) y un gen de ADN nuclear (28S) para ser usados como marcador de referencia. En este marco, se utilizaron enfoques taxonómicos moleculares, como el descubrimiento automático de brechas de código de barras (ABGD), bPTP (procesos de árbol de Poisson bayesianos) y la relación K / ¿, para investigar la existencia de las supuestas subespecies de Tigriopus a través de la identificación de Operacional Unidades Taxonómicas (OTU). Nuestros datos sugieren la presencia de una sola especie caracterizada por una notable estructura genética basada en la geografía en toda el área de estudio. El patrón de diversidad observado se atribuye tentativamente aquí a una fuerte monopolización de los estanques de rocas por parte de los primeros inmigrantes que los alcanzan. Sin embargo, tal monopolización se ve interrumpida periódicamente por los eventos de extinción locales, que son frecuentes en los hábitats intrínsecamente inestables de las piscinas de rocas Aquí proponemos para este patrón el nombre de "monopolización periódica" ("Clockwork monopolization").
[CA] El género de copépodos Tigriopus Norman, 1869 se distribuix en tot el mon en piscines costeres de roques i actualment se considera que inclou 15 especies valides. Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860), en la seua subespecie Tigriopus fulvus adriaticus Van Douwe 1913 i Tigriopus fulvus algiricus Monard 1935, actualment s'informa que ocorren en l'area mediterranea, pero actualment se desconeix la diversitat real del género. Nostre objectiu fon evaluar l'identitat real de les poblacions mediterranees de Tigriopus i dilucidar la seua taxonomia i patrón de diversitat genetica. Per a alcançar estos objectius, utilisem dos enfocaments diferents. El primer, basat en la morfologia, a on les possibles diferencies morfologiques entre mostres topotípicas de Tigriopus fulvus s.s. i mostres topotípicas dels dos subespecies foren investigades. Un segon, sobre una base molecular, a on se secuenciaron fragments de dos gens d'adn mitocondrial (subunidad i de citocromo c oxidasa, coi i subunidad d'arn ribosómico menut, 12s) i un gen d'adn nuclear (28s) per a ser amprats com marcador de referencia. En este marc, s'utilisaren enfocaments taxonomics moleculars, com el descobriment automatic de breches de codic de barres (ABGD), bPTP (processos d'arbre de poisson bayesianos) i la relacio K/¿, per a investigar l'existencia de les supostes subespecies de Tigriopus a través de l'identificacio d'operacional unitats taxonomiques (OTU). Nostres senyes sugerixen la presencia d'una sola especie caracterisada per una notable estructura genetica basada en la geografia en tota l'area d'estudi. El patrón de diversitat observat s'atribuix tentativament aci a una forta monopolisacio dels safarejos de roques per part dels primers immigrants que els alcancen. No obstant, tal monopolisacio se veu interrompuda periodicament pels events d'extincio locals, que son freqüents en els hábitats intrinsecament inestables de les piscines de roques aci proponem per a este patrón el nom de "Monopolisacio Periodica" ("Clockwork Monopolization").
[EN] The copepod genus Tigriopus Norman, 1869 is distributed worldwide in coastal rock-pools and it is currently considered to include 15 valid species. Tigriopus fulvus (Fischer, 1860), with its subspecies Tigriopus fulvus adriaticus Van Douwe, 1913 and Tigriopus fulvus algiricus Monard, 1935, are currently reported to occur in the Mediterranean area, but the actual diversity of the genus is currently unknown. We aimed to assess the actual identity of Mediterranean Tigriopus populations and to elucidate their taxonomy and pattern of genetic diversity. In order to reach these goals, we use two different approaches. The first, based on morphology, where the possible morphological differences among topotypical samples of Tigriopus fulvus s.s. and topotypical samples of the two subspecies were investigated. A second, on a molecular basis, where fragments of two mitochondrial DNA genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI and small ribosomal RNA subunit, 12S) and a nuclear DNA gene (28S) were sequenced to be used as a reference marker. In this frame, molecular taxonomical approaches, such as Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), bPTP (bayesian Poisson Tree Processes) and K/¿ ratio, were used in order to investigate the existences of the alleged subspecies of Tigriopus through the identification of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Our data suggest the presence of a single species characterized by a noteworthy geographically-based genetic structure in the whole study area. The observed diversity pattern is tentatively ascribed here to a strong monopolization of the rock pools by the first immigrants that reach them. However, such a monopolization is periodically disrupted by local extinction events, which are frequent in the intrinsically unstable rock pool habitats. We propose the name "clockwork monopolization" for this pattern.
Vecchioni, L. (2020). Systematics and phylogeography of the genus Tigriopus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Harpacticidae) in the basin of the Mediterranean Sea [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/144122
TESIS

Cambridge, Tucker. "Species Distribution and Conservation Genetics of the Upland and Midland Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris) in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3063.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The upland (Pseudacris feriarum) and midland (P. triseriata) chorus frogs are closely related cryptic species that are best distinguished genetically. The distribution of these species within the Commonwealth of Kentucky has previously been defined by only a handful of genetic samples, making delineation of range limits for each species difficult. Accurate understanding of species distributions, and the genetic structure within them, are vitally important for conservation management of amphibian species. In this study, I have collected genetic samples from across the putative ranges of P. triseriata and P. feriarum in Kentucky and used next-generation sequencing technology to generate more fine-scale estimates of species ranges. The genetic data generated in this study support the delineation of two species in Kentucky, and the species assignments of all individuals and populations are in general concordance with the previously hypothesized species distributions. However, I have identified two previously unrecognized contact zones for these species and revealed areas of hybridization. By delineating species distributions and identifying potentially important regions of genetic admixture, this study will be informative to future conservation management and conservation genetic research of chorus frogs in Kentucky.

Gonçalves, Maria. "“Now You See It. Now You Don't”- How Cryptocurrencies Enable Money Laundering." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25432.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Money laundering is a non-violent crime, however when successfully executed it has a negative impact on society, as it tends to support other illicit activities, including terrorism. As was the case for other financial crimes, the internet opened the door for new tools that enable criminals to launder their illicit profits. One of these tools is cryptocurrency.This paper takes the form of a literature review, in order to find the most relevant and important work within the research topic, and to identify central issues associated with laundering money through cryptocurrencies. It aims to explain the crypto-laundering process, methods and features that make cryptocurrencies tempting to criminals when searching tools to launder their illicit profits.The findings of this literature review demonstrate that cryptocurrencies have more characteristics that appeal to launderers than deters them. The results also show the existence of different methods that are employed in crypto-laundering and how it mirrors traditional money laundering stages, making evident that crypto-laundering is a real threat. Due to these results, it is essential that the criminological community delve into financial crimes perpetrated in the online environment.

Palurovic, Sarah. "Trust Builder Bitcoin : Cryptocurrencies as Marketing Tools beyond Functionality in the Exemplary Application Sector Online Sex Shops." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86229.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Up until now, Bitcoin as a marketing tool to leverage the brand image of an e-retailer has only been researched scarcely. This paper contributes to filling this gap by looking at Bitcoin’s suitability as primarily a cognition-based trust-building tool in the context of online sex shops. Online sex shops in which affective-based trust is taken as a use-case to exemplarily assess whether far associations customers have with Bitcoin can be transferred unto their brand image, assessing its effectiveness. Moreover, as Bitcoin is a payment method, this study feels the pulse in how far trust is established with the general public to assess chances of success when introducing it as an option to existing alternatives. Trust is considered important in the transaction and decision-making processes of a customer as much as it is in building and fostering brand image. Two expert interviews and one survey make up the data source for this research to gain a holistic view from the customer’s, the retailer’s and the industry expert’s perspective. Findings from the different sources were first in-case analyzed before cross-comparing them. The study highlighted the fact that Bitcoin as a marketing tool is highly case-sensitive, cognition-based, and risky in both - financial and marketing terms. It is best used as part of a long-term strategy and in cases in which the brand image of a brand is as similar to that of Bitcoin as possible. Additionally, Bitcoin disposes of many of the same qualities as other payment methods do and although trust in it is still limited, it is competitive in terms of factors like transaction speed and cost. There is no uniform bundle of associations and a positive or negative evaluation thereof to be connected to it, however, factors like gender, financial education, and trust in one’s own abilities are all found to influence trust and usage intention. The study finds potential for both – Bitcoin as a marketing tool and payment method.

Aissaoui, Cherifa. "Les mollusques du Golfe de Gabès (Méditerranée sud-orientale) : néo-endemisme ou variations écophénotypiques ?" Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0014/document.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

L’originalité du golfe de Gabès (Sud de la Tunisie) a été reconnue par les malacologistes depuis le19ème siècle mais reste mal définie. Les espèces de cette région présentent des caractères morphologiques qui ont conduit à l’établissement de variétés, sous-espèces et espèces faiblement caractérisées. Certains auteurs les traitent comme des taxons endémiques tandis que d'autres les considèrent comme de simples variants locaux d'espèces à large répartition méditerranéenne. Le manque d’information concernant la valeur taxonomique de ces caractères morphologiques ne permet pas de traiter de façon robuste la question de l’endémisme dans le golfe de Gabès. Le premier objectif est de réviser le statut taxonomique des mollusques du golfe de Gabès en s’appuyant sur une approche de taxonomie moléculaire. La confrontation des différents caractères a permis d’identifier ceux qui discriminent correctement les individus en espèces, d’éliminer à l’inverse ceux qui ne remplissent pas cette fonction et d’en redéfinir de nouveaux. Le deuxième objectif est de relier les particularités faunistiques du Golfe à ses caractéristiques océanographiques et de discuter les phénomènes de spéciation qui pourraient être à l’origine de l’endémisme. Nos analyses ont porté sur six genres: Jujubinus (Trochidae), Diodora (Fissurellidae), Ocinebrina, Muricopsis (Muricidae), Aplus (Buccinidae) et Tritia (Nassariidae). L’approche intégrative utilisée a permis de proposer des hypothèses de délimitation d’espèces que nous avons ensuite confrontées aux données morphologiques et géographiques. Au final, l’endémisme est confirmé dans certains cas mais l’hypothèse qu’une partie des espèces décrites du golfe de Gabès ne sont que des variétés éco phénotypiques est également attestée. Notre approche moléculaire a mis aussi en évidence l’existencede nouvelles espèces et d’espèces cryptiques insoupçonnées dans la Méditerranée. Finalement l’hypothèse que le golfe de Gabès est un centre de spéciation est retenue. Plus de données moléculaires (reliées à des données fossiles) d’autres groupes provenant de différentes localités (spécialement du golfe de Syrte) apparaissent toutefois nécessaires
The present Mediterranean marine fauna is the result of a history going back to the Messinian Salinity Crisis, with current biogeographical patterns mostly reflecting Quaternary to modern oceanographic conditions. The Gulf of Gabès, in southern Tunisia, is remarkable for its extreme ecological characteristics that distinguish it from "ambiant" Mediterranean conditions. Starting with the work of malacologists at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, the molluscs of the Gulf of Gabès have been recognized as exhibiting morphological characters that set them apart from more typical forms that occur in the rest of the Mediterranean. At present, 6% of the species of the overall Gulf of Gabès mollusc fauna are treated as valid local endemics. Using an integrative taxonomy approach, combining molecular and morphological data, the objective of the study is to re-evaluate the status of these Gulf of Gabès local forms: are they valid, endemic species or do they represent ecophenotypic variation? Given the young geological age (6-8 ka) of the Gulf, where would local endemics have originated? The gastropod genera Jujubinus (Trochidae), Diodora (Fissurellidae), Tritia (Nassariidae) Ocinebrina (Muricidae), Muricopsis (Muricidae) and Aplus (Buccinidae) all have in common non-planktotrophic larval development. Our integrative approach confirms the validity of some of the endemic taxa, but also infirm that others are not valid species; molecular data also reveal unsuspected cryptic lineages both within and outside the Gulf. Regarding the question of the origin of the endemic species, various hypotheses have been proposed, one of them being that the Gulf of Gabès is a “speciation factory”. To formally test this hypothesis, more molecular data (coupled with fossil record data) are needed from other species groups and from other localities in the Mediterranean (specifically the Gulf of Syrte)

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Cryptic sex":

Larcher, Éric. L' Internet sécurisé: Comment crypter ses mails, lutter contre le spam et les virus, protéger son anonymat sur le Web. Paris: Eyrolles, 2000.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Pascal, Blaise. Discours sur la religion et sur quelques autres sujets qui ont été trouvés après sa mort parmi ses papiers. [Paris?]: Fayard/Armand Colin, 1992.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Allan, Poe Edgar. The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket: And Related Tales. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Staff, Times Mind Games. Times Jumbo Cryptic Crossword Gift Set. HarperCollins Publishers, 2013.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Olzer, Rachel, Rebecca L. Ehrlich, Justa L. Heinen-Kay, Jessie Tanner, and Marlene Zuk. Reproductive behavior. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797500.003.0013.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Sex and reproduction lie at the heart of studies of insect behavior. We begin by providing a brief overview of insect anatomy and physiology, followed by an introduction to the overarching themes of parental investment, sexual selection, and mating systems. We then take a sequential approach to illustrate the diversity of phenomena and concepts behind insect reproductive behavior from pre-copulatory mate signalling through copulatory sperm transfer, mating positions, and sexual conflict, to post-copulatory sperm competition, and cryptic female choice. We provide an overview of the evolutionary mechanisms driving reproductive behavior. These events are linked by the economic defendability of mates or resources, and how these are allocated in each sex. Under the framework of economic defendability, the reader can better understand how sexual antagonistic behaviors arise as the result of competing optimal fitness strategies between males and females.

Perkins, Laurie A. Blood Diamonds A Cryptic Crime Suspense. Lulu.com, 2006.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Games, The Times Mind. Times Cryptic Crossword Gift Set with Times How to Crack Cryptic Crosswords: 240 of the World's Most Famous Crossword Puzzles. HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2015.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Wizards Team. Hidden Crypts Dungeon Tiles, Set 3. Wizards of the Coast, 2007.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Crypto. 9th ed. Milan, Italy: Oscar Mondadori, 2009.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Stone, Michael E. The Social Organization of Secrecy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842383.003.0004.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

In this chapter we study the mysteries and secrecy in Greco–Roman antiquity. The cults of Mithras and Isis as mysteries and revelations to their initiates, as well as the “Mithras Liturgy” and magical elements of the ascent, are examined. Secret groups have tripartite social structures. There is evidence for secret societies in Ancient Judaism other than Essenes and Therapeutae. The identification of the Qumran covenanters and of the Essenes is explored. We look at cryptic writing and secrecy within groups. The role of women in some groups is discussed. Past discoveries of Dead Sea manuscripts and documents are outlined.

Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Cryptic sex":

Waters, Paul D., Jennifer A. Marshall Graves, Katherine Thompson, Natasha Sankovic, and Tariq Ezaz. "Identification of Cryptic Sex Chromosomes and Isolation of X- and Y-Borne Genes." In Phylogenomics, 239–51. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-581-7_15.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kissner, Lea, and Dawn Song. "Privacy-Preserving Set Operations." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2005, 241–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11535218_15.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ghosh, Satrajit, and Mark Simkin. "The Communication Complexity of Threshold Private Set Intersection." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2019, 3–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26951-7_1.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kirshanova, Elena, and Thijs Laarhoven. "Lower Bounds on Lattice Sieving and Information Set Decoding." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2021, 791–820. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84245-1_27.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Pinkas, Benny, Mike Rosulek, Ni Trieu, and Avishay Yanai. "SpOT-Light: Lightweight Private Set Intersection from Sparse OT Extension." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2019, 401–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26954-8_13.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Garimella, Gayathri, Benny Pinkas, Mike Rosulek, Ni Trieu, and Avishay Yanai. "Oblivious Key-Value Stores and Amplification for Private Set Intersection." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2021, 395–425. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84245-1_14.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Garimella, Gayathri, Mike Rosulek, and Jaspal Singh. "Structure-Aware Private Set Intersection, with Applications to Fuzzy Matching." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2022, 323–52. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15802-5_12.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Chase, Melissa, and Peihan Miao. "Private Set Intersection in the Internet Setting from Lightweight Oblivious PRF." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2020, 34–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56877-1_2.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Degabriele, Jean Paul, and Vukašin Karadžić. "Overloading the Nonce: Rugged PRPs, Nonce-Set AEAD, and Order-Resilient Channels." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2022, 264–95. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15985-5_10.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lyubashevsky, Vadim, Ngoc Khanh Nguyen, and Gregor Seiler. "SMILE: Set Membership from Ideal Lattices with Applications to Ring Signatures and Confidential Transactions." In Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2021, 611–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84245-1_21.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cryptic sex":

Федосеев, Н. Ф., and Л. Ю. Пономарев. "Settlement of early Byzantine time at the Kyz-Aul necropolis." In Древности Боспора. Crossref, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-251-3.257-281.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Necropolis Kyz-Aul is located on the Black Sea coast, 1 km to the south-east of the village. Yakovenkovo. In 1930, 1979–1983, 1985, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2005–2006, 2015–2017, he was investigated by Yu. Martti, O. Chevelev, N. Sudarev and N. Fedoseev. Separate burials date back to the II–I BC, the burial of the I–III AD the most recent burials, apparently, were committed in the IV–V AD. In the VI – third quarter of the VII century AD on the territory of the already abandoned necropolis, a small settlement was located. Its cultural stratum is traced on all sites that have been followed in the last decade. As living quarters, the looted crypts of the 1st–3rd centuries AD were adapted, consisting of one or two funerary cells and built of massive blocks of limestone (№ 6, 7, 9, 10). With exception of the crypts of the poorly preserved pit of the semidugout (?) other residential and household buildings on the necropolis could not be fixed. One child burial also belongs to the same period. The most well-preserved living room in the crypt number 6. In one of its funerary cells housed five household pits and heating devices, including a fireplace, reminiscent of the design of the fireplace. In the other crypts, the interior details of the “underground” dwellings have not been preserved. In the “Khazar” time burial chamber crypts were adapted for the maintenance of small cattle. The time of the early Byzantine settlement on the necropolis dates numerous finds of amphorae. The upper date was determined thanks to the coin of 674 Constantine IV Pogonat. In addition, a ring with the image of an archangel was found, an analogy of which is known in the burial complexes of the 7th century. Unfortunately, the area and location of the necropolis of this settlement is not yet established. Cannot be reconstructed and its layout. It is difficult to reconstruct the interior of the “underground” dwellings themselves, since the crypts were reused in the “Khazar” period. In addition, no other settlements of this time were found on the ancient necropolises of the Kerch Peninsula

Kostrikova, Natalija. "Studying adoption of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology in the Baltic States." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.057.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The paper aims to analyse adoption of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology in the Baltic States in the context of regional competitiveness. To achieve the aim, the following tasks are set: 1) to investigate crypto activity and crypto regulation, 2) to analyse blockchain applications and policy actions beyond crypto space, 3) to investigate interconnections between blockchain adoption and regional competitiveness. The study employs methods of descriptive statistics and content analysis. The study concludes that Estonia’s leadership in the majority of regional competitiveness indicators correlates with its leading position in blockchain adoption not only in Baltic States, but also worldwide, specifically in the area of e-government. Lithuania shows an overall competitive position in blockchain adoption in fintech area. In contrast, Latvia significantly lags behind Estonia and Lithuania in terms of regional competitiveness and adoption of blockchain technology, which is weakened by the regulatory unclarity for virtual asset service providers and the lack of supportive actions from the government for blockchain innovation and its further adoption within and beyond crypto-space.

Varici, Abdullah, Gurol Saglam, Seckin Ipek, Abdullah Yildiz, Sezer Goren, Aydin Aysu, Deniz Iskender, T. Baris Aktemur, and H. Fatih Ugurdag. "Fast and Efficient Implementation of Lightweight Crypto Algorithm PRESENT on FPGA through Processor Instruction Set Extension." In 2019 IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ewdts.2019.8884397.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Abdul Razzak, Badia, Rehan Nashwan Abul-Rahman, and Maha Azad Hamid. "Mutation Effect of Chemical Mutagen Ethymthane sulfonate (EMS) on Some Local Yeasts." In The 8th International Conference of Biotechnology, Environment and Engineering Sciences. SRO media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46617/icbe8002.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

Thirty samples of orange juice were collected from local markets in Mosul / Iraq. Isolates were diagnosed after performing phenotypic, culture and biochemical tests. The results showed that the yeasts belong to the following species: Rhodotorula rubra 36%, Trichosporon asahii 16%, Cryptococcus laurentii 28%, and Candida tropicalis 20%. The susceptibility of isolates to six antibiotics Candizole (Cd), Clotrimazole (Ct), Fluconazole (Fc), Ketoconazole (Kc), Lamisil (Ls), and Nystatin (Nys) was studied. The results of the sensitivity test showed that R. rubra was resistant to all antibiotics used except for Lamisil (Ls). The rest of the yeasts varied among themselves in their resist antibiotics. The chemical mutagen Ethyl Methanesulfate (EMS) at a concentration of 0.2 mg / ml on the vitality of the yeasts showed that the highest effect in the yeast Crypto. laurentii, with the killing severity reaching 4.47% while the lowest effected yeast was Tricho. asahii, with killing severity reaching 72%.

Artekin, Ayşe Özge, and Haldun Soydal. "The Rising Money Values of the Virtual World." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02142.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

With the rapid increase in the number of currencies recently called virtual money or crypto money and the value of over 500 billion dollars today, we can see that these currencies actually entered our life and have an international influence. The European Central Bank defined a virtual money as "…a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community." The virtual money, which is produced in a limited amount on the internet and has validity both in the internet domain and in the real life, has been offered to use conservation oriented value without depending on a certain center. Nowadays, virtual money is seen as an investment tool due to its rapid increase in its value as well as its use in electronic commerce. In this study, a more specific examination will be made on the virtual money, which is one of the gains of the economy and has a value even higher than the economies of some small countries in the world today, with the general outline of the concept of virtual money. In addition to, the study is aimed at developing a perspective on the future of virtual money.

Звіти організацій з теми "Cryptic sex":

Pines, Mark, Arieh Bar, David A. Carrino, Arnold I. Caplan, and James A. Dennis. Extracellular Matrix Molecules of the Eggshell as Related to Eggshell Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7575270.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Анотація:

The extracellular matrix of the mineralizing eggshell contains molecules hypothesized to be regulators biomineralization. To study eggshell matrix molecules, a bank of monoclonal antibodies was generated that bound demineralized eggshell matrix or localized to oviduct epithelium. Immunofluorescence staining revealed several staining patterns for antibodies that recognized secretory cells: staining for a majority of columnar lining cells, staining for a minor sub-set of columnar lining cells, intensified staining within epithelial crypts, and staining of the entire tubular gland. Western blotting with the antibody Epi2 on eggshell matrix showed binding to molecules with the apparent molecular weight of eggshell matrix dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (eggshell DSPG) (Carrino, et al., 1997). Immunoblots of cyanogen bromide-cleaved eggshell DSPG revealed broad band of reactivity that shifted to 25 kDa after chondroitinase digestion; indicating that the Epi2 binding site is located on a fragment which contains dermatan sulfate side chains. Immunogold labeling showed that Epi2 binds to secretory vesicles within the non-ciliated cells of the columnar epithelium, while the antibodies Tg1 and Tg2 bind to secretory vesicles of tubular gland cells. Immunogold labeling of demineralized shell matrix showed binding of Epi2, Tg1, and Tg2 to the matrix of the palisades layer, and showed little reactivity to other regions of the shell matrix. Quantification of the immunogold particles within the eggshell matrix revealed that antibodies Epi2 and Tg1 bind all calcified regions equally while antibody Tg2 has a greater affinity for the baseplate region of the calcium reserve assembly.