Статті в журналах: "Cut dominant"

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Duncan, Michael J., Alexandra Dobell, Mark Noon, Cain C. T. Clark, Clare M. P. Roscoe, Mark A. Faghy, David Stodden, Ryan Sacko, and Emma L. J. Eyre. "Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometery for Estimating Movement Skills in Children Aged 8–12 Years." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102776.

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(1) Background: This study sought to calibrate triaxial accelerometery, worn on both wrists, waist and both ankles, during children’s physical activity (PA), with particular attention to object control motor skills performed at a fast and slow cadence, and to cross-validate the accelerometer cut-points derived from the calibration using an independent dataset. (2) Methods: Twenty boys (10.1 ±1.5 years) undertook seven, five-minute bouts of activity lying supine, standing, running (4.5kmph−1) instep passing a football (fast and slow cadence), dribbling a football (fast and slow cadence), whilst wearing five GENEActiv accelerometers on their non-dominant and dominant wrists and ankles and waist. VO2 was assessed concurrently using indirect calorimetry. ROC curve analysis was used to generate cut-points representing sedentary, light and moderate PA. The cut-points were then cross-validated using independent data from 30 children (9.4 ± 1.4 years), who had undertaken similar activities whilst wearing accelerometers and being assessed for VO2. (3) Results: GENEActiv monitors were able to discriminate sedentary activity to an excellent level irrespective of wear location. For moderate PA, discrimination of activity was considered good for monitors placed on the dominant wrist, waist, non-dominant and dominant ankles but fair for the non-dominant wrist. Applying the cut-points to the cross-validation sample indicated that cut-points validated in the calibration were able to successfully discriminate sedentary behaviour and moderate PA to an excellent standard and light PA to a fair standard. (4) Conclusions: Cut-points derived from this calibration demonstrate an excellent ability to discriminate children’s sedentary behaviour and moderate intensity PA comprising motor skill activity.

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Migueles, Jairo H., Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Juan M. A. Alcantara, Javier Leal-Martín, Asier Mañas, Ignacio Ara, Nancy W. Glynn, and Eric J. Shiroma. "Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points to Classify Sedentary Time and Physical Activity from Hip and Non-Dominant and Dominant Wrists in Older Adults." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103326.

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Accelerometers’ accuracy for sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) classification depends on accelerometer placement, data processing, activities, and sample characteristics. As intensities differ by age, this study sought to determine intensity cut-points at various wear locations people more than 70 years old. Data from 59 older adults were used for calibration and from 21 independent participants for cross-validation purposes. Participants wore accelerometers on their hip and wrists while performing activities and having their energy expenditure measured with portable calorimetry. ST and MVPA were defined as ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) and ≥3 METs (1 MET = 2.8 mL/kg/min), respectively. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses showed fair-to-good accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.62–0.89). ST cut-points were 7 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.80) and 1 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 18 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.86) and 102 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.92) for the non-dominant wrist; and 22 mg and 175 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. MVPA cut-points were 14 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.99) and 54 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 60 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.99) and 182 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.89) for the non-dominant wrist; and 64 mg and 268 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. These cut-points can classify ST and MVPA in older adults from hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers.

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Chandler, Jessica, Michael Beets, Pedro Saint-Maurice, Robert Weaver, Dylan Cliff, Clemens Drenowatz, Justin Moore, Mei Sui, and Keith Brazendale. "Wrist-Based Accelerometer Cut-Points to Identify Sedentary Time in 5–11-Year-Old Children." Children 5, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5100137.

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Background: The objective of this paper is to derive a wrist-placed cut-point threshold for distinguishing sedentary behaviors from light-intensity walking using the ActiGraph GT3X+ in children. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional study design, typically used in measurement-related studies. A sample of 167 children, ages 5–11 years (mean ± SD: 8.0 ± 1.8 years), performed up to eight seated sedentary activities while wearing accelerometers on both wrists. Activities included: reading books, sorting cards, cutting and pasting, playing board games, eating snacks, playing with tablets, watching TV, and writing. Direct observation verified sedentary behavior from light activity. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to determine optimal cut-point thresholds. Quantile regression models estimated differences between dominant and non-dominant placement. Results: The optimal cut-point threshold for the non-dominant wrist was 203 counts/5 s with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of 71.56, 70.83, and 0.72, respectively. A 10-fold cross-validation revealed an average AUC of 0.70. Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in median counts ranging from 7 to 46 counts/5 s were found between dominant and non-dominant placement in five out of eight sedentary activities, with the dominant wrist eliciting higher counts/5 s. Conclusion: Results from this study support the recommendation to place accelerometers on the non-dominant wrist to minimize “noise” during seated sedentary behaviors.

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Skutella, Martin, and Alexia Weber. "On the dominant of the s-t-cut polytope: Vertices, facets, and adjacency." Mathematical Programming 124, no. 1-2 (May 9, 2010): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-010-0373-7.

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Micchelli, C. A., E. J. Rulifson, and S. S. Blair. "The function and regulation of cut expression on the wing margin of Drosophila: Notch, Wingless and a dominant negative role for Delta and Serrate." Development 124, no. 8 (April 15, 1997): 1485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.8.1485.

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We have investigated the role of the Notch and Wingless signaling pathways in the maintenance of wing margin identity through the study of cut, a homeobox-containing transcription factor and a late-arising margin-specific marker. By late third instar, a tripartite domain of gene expression can be identified about the dorsoventral compartment boundary, which marks the presumptive wing margin. A central domain of cut- and wingless-expressing cells are flanked on the dorsal and ventral side by domains of cells expressing elevated levels of the Notch ligands Delta and Serrate. We show first that cut acts to maintain margin wingless expression, providing a potential explanation of the cut mutant phenotype. Next, we examined the regulation of cut expression. Our results indicate that Notch, but not Wingless signaling, is autonomously required for cut expression. Rather, Wingless is required indirectly for cut expression; our results suggest this requirement is due to the regulation by wingless of Delta and Serrate expression in cells flanking the cut and wingless expression domains. Finally, we show that Delta and Serrate play a dual role in the regulation of cut and wingless expression. Normal, high levels of Delta and Serrate can trigger cut and wingless expression in adjacent cells lacking Delta and Serrate. However, high levels of Delta and Serrate also act in a dominant negative fashion, since cells expressing such levels cannot themselves express cut or wingless. We propose that the boundary of Notch ligand along the normal margin plays a similar role as part of a dynamic feedback loop that maintains the tripartite pattern of margin gene expression.

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Cabanettes, Alain, and Loïc Pages. "Effet des techniques de coupe sur la hauteur des cépées dans un taillis de chataignier (Castaneasativa Mill.)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-226.

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The effects of both cutting tool and cutting height on the height of each stool's dominant shoot, 1 year after the cut were studied on a sweet chestnut coppice of west central France, traditionally managed with short rotations (between 6 and 10 years). Two tools (axe, chainsaw) and two heights (10 and 30 cm) were used in an experimental area of 0.5 ha divided into three blocks. One year after the cut, the height of the stool's dominant shoot was clearly correlated with morphological features of the stool, especially its mean diameter. The relation between these variables is affected by the environment (block effect) and, to a lesser extent, by the tool used for cutting: the chainsaw reduced the dominant shoot height. No effect of cutting height on this variable was observed.

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Çevik, Nevzat. "New rock-cut tombs at Etenna and the rock-cut tomb tradition in southern Anatolia." Anatolian Studies 53 (December 2003): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643089.

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AbstractThe 41 rock-cut tombs at Etenna provide a clear impression of this very early and widespread tradition for the region. They allow us to compare the Lycian, Pamphylian, Cilician and Pisidian rock-cut tomb architecture and understand connections and discontinuities between them. They also illustrate how features of such tombs are based on natural and technical factors, on local architectural traditions, or on the rock-cut architecture of neighbouring cultures. But basic similarities, such as the cutting of a tomb chamber in the rock, could occur without any influence from other cultural regions, for instance because of similar burial needs, similar natural materials or similar architectural knowledge. The influences between the rock-cut tombs of different regions and periods can be seen in the particular details, and their relation to local burial customs. Questions are asked, such as: if there were Lycian tombs in the Classical period, why were there no rock-cut tombs in Pamphylia in this period; why did the ‘dominant Lycian Classical culture’ not influence Pamphylia; and what were the tombs of the higher social classes of the societies of Classical Pamphylia?

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Eyre, Emma L. J., Jason Tallis, Susie Wilson, Lee Wilde, Liam Akhurst, Rildo Wanderleys, and Michael J. Duncan. "Research Tracker 6 Accelerometer Calibration and Validation in Comparison to GENEActiv, ActiGraph, and Gas Analysis in Young Adults." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2018-0028.

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Background: The ability to objectively assess physical activity and inactivity in free living individuals is important in understanding activity patterns and the dose response relationship with health. Currently, a large number of research tools exist, but little evidence has examined the validity/utility of the Research Tracker 6 (RT6) monitor. Questions remain in regard to the best placements, positions, and cut-points in young adults to determine activity intensity across a range of activities. This study sought to address this gap in young adults. The study aims were 1) to examine criterion validity of RT6 in comparison to breath-by-breath gas analysis; 2) convergent validity of RT6 in comparison to ActiGraph and GENEActiv; 3) development of RT6 tri-axial vector magnitude cut-points to classify physical activity at different intensities (i.e., for sedentary, moderate, and vigorous); 4) to compare the generated cut-points of the RT6 in comparison to other tools. Methods: Following ethics approval and informed consent, 31 young adults (age = 22±3 years: BMI = 23±3 kg/m2) undertook five modes of physical activity/sedentary behaviors while wearing three different accelerometers at hip and wrist locations (ActiGraph GT9X Link, GENEActiv, RT6). Expired gas was sampled during the five activities (MetaMax 3B). Correlational analysis assessed the relationship between accelerometer devices and METs/VO2. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves analysis were used to calculate area under the curve and define cut-points for physical activity intensities. Results: The RT6 demonstrated criterion and convergent validity (r = 0.662–0.966, P < .05). RT6 generally performed good to excellent across activity intensities and monitor position (sedentary [AUC = 0.862–0.911], moderate [AUC = 0.849–0.830], vigorous [AUC = 0.872–0.877]) for non-dominant and dominant position, respectively. Cut-points were derived across activity intensities for non-dominant- and dominant-worn RT6 devices. Comparison of the RT6 derived cut-points identified appropriate agreement with comparative tools but yields the strongest agreement with the ActiGraph monitor at the hip location during sedentary, light, and moderate activity. Conclusion: The RT6 performed similar to the ActiGraph and GENEActiv and is capable of classifying the intensity of physical activity in young adults. As such this may offer a more useable tool for understanding current physical activity levels and in intervention studies to monitor and track changes without the excessive need for downloading and making complex analysis, especially given the option to view energy expenditure data while wearing it. The RT6 should be placed on the dominant hip when determining activities that are sedentary, moderate, or vigorous intensity.

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Violán, Concepción, Quintí Foguet-Boreu, Sergio Fernández-Bertolín, Marina Guisado-Clavero, Margarita Cabrera-Bean, Francesc Formiga, Jose Maria Valderas, and Albert Roso-Llorach. "Soft clustering using real-world data for the identification of multimorbidity patterns in an elderly population: cross-sectional study in a Mediterranean population." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e029594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029594.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify, with soft clustering methods, multimorbidity patterns in the electronic health records of a population ≥65 years, and to analyse such patterns in accordance with the different prevalence cut-off points applied. Fuzzy cluster analysis allows individuals to be linked simultaneously to multiple clusters and is more consistent with clinical experience than other approaches frequently found in the literature.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from electronic health records.Setting284 primary healthcare centres in Catalonia, Spain (2012).Participants916 619 eligible individuals were included (women: 57.7%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe extracted data on demographics, International Classification of Diseases version 10 chronic diagnoses, prescribed drugs and socioeconomic status for patients aged ≥65. Following principal component analysis of categorical and continuous variables for dimensionality reduction, machine learning techniques were applied for the identification of disease clusters in a fuzzy c-means analysis. Sensitivity analyses, with different prevalence cut-off points for chronic diseases, were also conducted. Solutions were evaluated from clinical consistency and significance criteria.ResultsMultimorbidity was present in 93.1%. Eight clusters were identified with a varying number of disease values: nervous and digestive; respiratory, circulatory and nervous; circulatory and digestive; mental, nervous and digestive, female dominant; mental, digestive and blood, female oldest-old dominant; nervous, musculoskeletal and circulatory, female dominant; genitourinary, mental and musculoskeletal, male dominant; and non-specified, youngest-old dominant. Nuclear diseases were identified for each cluster independently of the prevalence cut-off point considered.ConclusionsMultimorbidity patterns were obtained using fuzzy c-means cluster analysis. They are clinically meaningful clusters which support the development of tailored approaches to multimorbidity management and further research.

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Zhang, Zong Yang, Zhan Qiang Liu, Xing Ai, and B. L. Wang. "Wear Mechanisms of Coated Carbide Tools in Dry Boring of Titanium Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.186.

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This paper deals with an experimental research on the wear mechanism of coated carbide tools in dry boring of the titanium alloys TC11 which are commonly used for aero-engines. The wear mechanism of coated tool inserts was investigated at various combinations of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Analysis carried out with the SEM suggests that adhesive wear and coating delamination are the dominant wear mechanisms under low speed and feed rate and depth of cut; while chipping and breakage are the dominant wear mechanisms for the combinations of high cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. There was no observation of oxygen existing based on the analysis of SEM which indicated no oxidation wear generated during the boring machining. The excellent chemical stability of TiAlN coating and oxidation resistance performance made contribution to prevent oxidation wear. Another reason was that boring temperature was lower than oxidation temperature.

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Moganapriya, C., R. Rajasekar, K. Ponappa, R. Venkatesh, and R. Karthick. "Influence of Cutting Fluid Flow Rate and Cutting Parameters on the Surface Roughness and Flank Wear of TiAlN Coated Tool In Turning AISI 1015 Steel Using Taguchi Method." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0276.

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AbstractThis paper presents the influence of cutting parameters (Depth of cut, feed rate, spindle speed and cutting fluid flow rate) on the surface roughness and flank wear of physical vapor deposition (PVD) Cathodic arc evaporation coated TiAlN tungsten carbide cutting tool insert during CNC turning of AISI 1015 mild steel. Analysis of Variance has been applied to determine the critical influence of cutting parameters. Taguchi orthogonal test design has been employed to optimize the process parameters affecting surface roughness and tool wear. Depth of cut was found to be the most dominant factor contributing to high surface roughness (67.5%) of the inserts. However, cutting speed, feed rate and flow rate of cutting fluid showed minimal contribution to surface roughness. On the other hand, cutting speed (45.6%) and flow rate of cutting fluid (23%) were the dominant factors influencing tool wear. The optimum cutting conditions for desired surface roughness constitutes the following parameters such as medium cutting speed, low feed rate, low depth of cut and high cutting fluid flow rate. Minimal tool wear was achieved for the following process parameters such as low cutting speed, low feed rate, medium depth of cut and high cutting fluid flow rate.

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Grappe, Roland, and Mathieu Lacroix. "The st-bond polytope on series-parallel graphs." RAIRO - Operations Research 52, no. 3 (July 2018): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018035.

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The st-bond polytope of a graph is the convex hull of the incidence vectors of its st-bonds, where an st-bond is a minimal st-cut. In this paper, we provide a linear description of the st-bond polytope on series-parallel graphs. We also show that the st-bond polytope is the intersection of the st-cut dominant and the bond polytope.

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Zhang, Hua Li, Ji Cai Kuai, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Study on Dynamic Minimum Thickness of Cut by Nanoscratch Testing." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1729.

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Nanoscratch tests showing clear ploughing behavior and stable chip formation was conducted to investigate the influence of friction coefficient on the minimum thickness of cut. A theoretical model accounting for the minimum thickness of cut is used to analyze the effects of the friction coefficient and force ratio. Results show that the minimum thickness of cut is strongly dependent on both friction coefficient and force ratio. Theoretical minimum thickness of cut can be obtained when adhesion friction plays a dominant role in the cutting process. Appropriate adjustments of processing parameters are hereby suggested to result in stable micro-machining process without ploughing, not only forming fine-thin continuous chip, but also achieving high surface quality. The role of friction coefficient on the minimum thickness of cut with δ (cutting depth/edge radius) is also discussed.

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Reddy, Moola Mohan, Khaled A. Abou-El-Hossein, and Alexander Gorin. "Influence of Cutting Parameters on Machinable Glass Ceramic Processed by End Milling." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.825.

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This experimental research work attempted to use End milling on Machinable Glass Ceramic (MGC) using micro grain solid carbide end mill under dry conditions. The predictive Surface Roughness model has been developed in terms of Spindle speed, Feed rate and axial depth of cut by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The influence of each milling parameter analyzed and results showed that axial depth of cut was the most dominant variable. The adequacy of the model has been verified by ANOVA.

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Radulescu, R., S. G. Kapoor, and R. E. DeVor. "An Investigation of Variable Spindle Speed Face Milling for Tool-Work Structures With Complex Dynamics, Part 1: Simulation Results." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831103.

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A mechanistic dynamic model is used to simulate a face milling process during constant and variable speed machining. The model can be used to predict the optimum speed trajectory that can provide a low level of vibration and consequently a large productivity rate and a small surface error. The model is used to investigate the vibration of face milling processes that have one, or multiple coupled modes of vibration acting throughout the cut. For cutting processes having one dominant mode of vibration, the model predicts that variable speed machining is especially effective over constant speed machining when the tool-work system changes its dominant mode of vibration throughout the cut, or when the tool-work system has several modes of vibration coming from component parts that are cut in the same time. For cutting processes having multiple dominant modes of vibration, the model predicts that variable speed machining is especially effective over constant speed machining when the tool-work modes of vibration are unequal and moderately coupled to each other. Also, the model suggests that for tool-work systems having complex geometries with dynamics hard to predict, variable speed machining is safer to use than constant speed machining when trying to achieve high productivity rates. This is due to the fact that variable speed machining is robust with respect to the dynamics of the tool-work system. Finally, the model predictions are in good agreement with the experiment.

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Izelu, Christopher Okechukwu, and Samuel Chike Eze. "An Investigation on Effect of Depth of Cut, Feed Rate and Tool Nose Radius on Induced Vibration and Surface Roughness during Hard Turning of 41Cr4 Alloy Steel Using Response Surface Methodology." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 7 (May 2016): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.7.32.

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This paper describes an aspect of a set of turning experiments performed in attempt to model, predict and optimize the machining induced vibration and surface roughness as functions of the machining, tool and work-piece variables during hard turning of 41Cr4 alloy special steel, with standard cutting tool, on a conventional lathe. Amongst others, the input variables of interest include the depth of cut, feed rate and tool nose radius. The response surface methodology, based on central composite design of experiment, was adopted, with analysis performed in Design Expert 9 software environment. Quadratic regression models were suggested, and proved significant by an analysis of variance, for the machining induced vibration of the cutting tool and surface roughness of the work-piece. They also have capability of being used for prediction within limits. Analysis of variance also showed the depth of cut, feed rate and tool nose radius have significant effect on the machining induced vibration and surface roughness. Whereas the depth of cut has dominant effect on the machining induced vibration, the tool nose radius has dominant effect on the surface roughness. The optimum setting of the depth of cut of 1.33095 mm, feed rate of 0.168695 mm/rev, and the tool nose radius of 1.71718 mm is required to minimize the machining induced vibration at 0.08 mm/s2 and surface roughness at 6.056 μmm with a desirability of 0.830.

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Gu, H., and L. Dai. "Structural and compositional responses to timber harvesting for an old-growth forest on Changbai Mountain, China – Short Communication." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 6 (July 7, 2008): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2008-jfs.

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Broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest is a dominant native vegetation type in the eastern Eurasian Continent. We intended to examine the implications of high-intensity timber harvesting (ca 70% of stand volume) for the sustainable management of a mixed forest ecosystem. We measured trees at three sites: control without cutting, older-cut site cut in 1987 and newer-cut site (cutting in 1997). There were significant differences in structure and composition between these three sites in 2003. There were 4,441 trees of 14 species with basal area 56 m2 at control plot, 6,314 trees of 16 species with basal area 9 m2 at newer-cut site and 8,438 trees of 21 species with basal area 31 m2 at older-cut site (all on the area of 1 ha). The high-intensity timber harvesting system helped promote natural regeneration and the growth of small trees but it also allowed light-demanding tree species to invade into the forest. Dominant position and suitable diameter distribution of economically important species (Pinus koraiensis and Tilia amurensis) were maintained across the three sites. The existing timber harvesting appears to consider short-term economic values to a larger extent than long-term ecological values. To manage the broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest for both timber production and biodiversity conservation, timber-harvesting intensity must be lowered.

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Yashiro, Shigeki, and Keiji Ogi. "Experimental study on shear-dominant fiber failure in CFRP laminates by out-of-plane shear loading." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318801454.

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Understanding the shear behavior and resulting fiber failure of fiber-reinforced plastics is required for better prediction of their behavior during the machining process, but knowledge regarding the shear strength of fiber failure is limited. In this study, out-of-plane shear tests were conducted to observe the shear behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates subjected to high shear stress exceeding the shear strength of matrix failure. The longitudinal fibers in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic unidirectional laminates were cut by shear loading without severe internal damage and the maximum shear stress causing progressive fiber breaks was much higher than the shear strength of matrix failure. This result suggested the possibility of out-of-plane shearing as a machining method for fiber-reinforced plastics and shear tests were subsequently performed for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic cross-ply laminates. Delamination was generated by high shear stress to cut the reinforcing fibers, but the size of the remaining damage was small even in the thermoset carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates in which delamination likely occurs, without any optimization of the trimming conditions.

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Hongaiah, Deepak, Dinesh Kumar Sathanantham, and Spurthi Sanganbhonia. "Angry young man syndrome: anger based dominant hand injuries." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 3986. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20185031.

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Background: The incidence of self-inflicted anger related upper extremity injuries due to punching glass, involving dominant hand has increased in recent years even in our rural population of less than 1.5 million in District of Kolar, Karnataka, India. Although hospital stay is short, these patients require long term follow up, physiotherapy and occupational rehabilitation.Methods: This study is a case series involving a a retrospective analysis from June 1, 2015, to July 31, 2017. Our study involved only glass cut injury following an angry intention.Results: This study included 9 eligible patients who were all young male aged between 18 to 28 years (median age: 23.4 years) who had triggering factor before punching the glass pane. All patients had tendon injuries, flexors (n=4), extensor (n=3), both (n=2), muscle injuries (n=1), median nerve (n=2), radial artery (n=3). All injuries required operative intervention. Mean hospital stay was 5.2 days. Mean rehabilitation period was 5.2 months.Conclusions: These types of injuries can be prevented by regular counseling for stress/anger management as a part of rehabilitation to prevent further recurrences.

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Tuty S, Fidrianny I, and Sukrasno. "Dominant chemical compound of chicken bile extract." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 2632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2274.

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The purpose of this research is to study the dominant chemical compounds of chicken bile extract. Chicken bile, which is usually disposed of as useless waste, is made a choice. The study began with material collection from native chicken farmers, Kluwut Village, Bulakambah sub-district, Brebes Regency, Central Java. The determination was carried out at Bandungense Herbarium School of Biological Science and Technology-ITB. The choice of animals were native chickens. They belonged to the family Phylum: Chordata, Class: Aves, Nation: Galliformes, Tribe: Phasianidae, Surname: Gallus, Type: Gallus gallus Linn, The common name: native chicken (Indonesia), and domestic fowl in English. The bile portion was cut into small pieces and dried using a freeze dryer. The reflux method was then extracted using solvents with a different polarity, which are n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. It gave out n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethanol extract. The extracts were evaporated using a rotary evaporator. The percentage of the obtained yield was n-hexane extract 7.63%, ethyl acetate extract 8.61%, and ethanol extract 34.91%. Selected ethyl acetate extract was fractionated by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC I) and was monitored by a thin layer of Chromatography (TLC). Then fraction 5-6 was continued to sub fractionation by Classical Column Chromatography (CCC). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) investigated isolate X and found that isolate X appeared to be cholesterol. From the second fractionation (VLC II), fraction 2-7 proceeded to the VLC III, and then subfraction 7 was evaluated using GC-MS. The dominant chemical compounds of subfraction 7 were oleic acid 38.72%, n-hexadecanoic acid (35.6%), octadecanoic acid (17.94%), palmitoleic acid (1.53%).

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George, Laura, Emma Rothero, Irina Tatarenko, Hilary Wallace, Mike Dodd, Nancy Reed, Andy Fleckney, Graham Bellamy, and David Gowing. "Control of meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria through a change of management from grazing to mowing at an English floodplain meadow." Conservation Evidence Journal 18 (September 2, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52201/cej18hfgl5629.

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Floodplain meadow grassland is a diverse habitat which has become increasingly rare throughout Europe. Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria, is a characteristic species of its plant community, however it can become overly dominant in the sward resulting in detrimental effects on the community as a whole. High abundance can reduce both the diversity of the sward, by shading out low growing species, and the quality of the hay crop. An eight-year management trial (2011-2019) was undertaken at Fancott Woods and Meadows SSSI by the BCN Wildlife Trust and the Floodplain Meadows Partnership, to test whether it was possible to reduce the dominance of meadowsweet through an annual hay cut with aftermath grazing instead of grazing management only, across three blocks of experimental treatments. A secondary aim of the trial was to investigate whether a change in management could also increase the plant-species diversity. Three plots were cut in June and then aftermath grazed, compared to three control plots that were only grazed from July onwards. The study found that cover of meadowsweet decreased from 55% to 6% under the annual cut and aftermath grazing treatment compared to a decrease from 58% to 35% in the control (grazed only) areas. This was accompanied by an increase in plant-species diversity in the cut areas compared to control plots. The study concluded that annual cutting can be used to control coarse and dominant meadowsweet effectively, and that cutting followed by aftermath grazing in a floodplain meadow delivers greater botanical diversity compared to grazing alone.

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Kang, Botao, Pengcheng Liu, Chenxi Li, Yiyi Sun, Peng Xiao, and Jiawei Tang. "A Prediction Method for Flow-Stop Time in Deep-Water Volatile Oilfields: A Case Study of Akpo Oilfield in Niger Delta Basin." Geofluids 2021 (July 14, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2941565.

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Due to the difference in oil and water density, the wellhead pressure continues to decrease with water-cut rising in deep-water volatile oilfields. Once it is close to the lower limit, the production well will stop flowing. This phenomenon seriously affects the production and recoverable reserves. By taking the dynamic relative permeability which can reflect the macroscopic movement of oil and water in the reservoir as an intermediate bridge, production performance has been combined with dominant reservoir factors, including reservoir structure, reservoir connectivity, and heterogeneity. By the statistical analysis of actual data, this paper clarified the quantitative relationships between dominant reservoir factors and production performance and established the refined prediction methods for production dynamics including water-cut and liquid production rate. A prediction method for the wellhead pressure was further established, and the flow-stop time of single well can be accurately predicted. The results can be used in annual production forecast and recoverable reserve evaluation. This method had been successfully applied in Akpo oilfields in the Niger Basin. The results show that the production dynamics are significantly affected by reservoir factors in deep-water turbidite sandstone reservoir and the prediction method considering reservoir factors will be much more applicable. In deep-water volatile oilfields, the flow-stop risk of the production well in middle and high water-cut stages is very great and is mainly affected by the water-cut and liquid production rate. Judging from the application effect of Akpo oilfields, this method has high prediction accuracy and can be used to guide optimization and adjustment in deep-water oilfields.

23

Kocher, Thomas, Patricia Peking, Alfred Klausegger, Eva Maria Murauer, Josefina Piñón Hofbauer, Verena Wally, Thomas Lettner, et al. "Cut and Paste: Efficient Homology-Directed Repair of a Dominant Negative KRT14 Mutation via CRISPR/Cas9 Nickases." Molecular Therapy 25, no. 11 (November 2017): 2585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.015.

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MacDonald, Joanne E., and G. R. Powell. "First growing period development of Acer saccharum stump sprouts arising after different dates of cut." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-105.

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The study was conducted on a clear-cut area of the Nashwaak Experimental Watershed Project, New Brunswick. Thirty residual Acer saccharum Marsh, trees (6–10 cm diameter at breast height) were cut during the dormant period and at intervals during the subsequent growing period. Development of dominant and codominant sprouts on stumps of these trees was monitored. Rate of leaf pair and supporting internode production, number of leaf pairs and supporting internodes produced, rate of elongation of sprouts, total length of sprouts, rate of increase of lamina area, and total lamina area of sprouts decreased with each successive date of cut. Lamina area of successive leaf pairs and lengths of successive internodes increased acropetally to maxima and then decreased. Sylleptic shoots developed in axils of proximal leaf pairs. On sprouts arising after the dormant-period cut and after mid-June through mid-July cuts, terminal buds formed, whereas on sprouts arising after late July and August cuts, leaf pair and supporting internode production continued until meristems were killed by frost. On some sprouts arising after the dormant-period cut, adventitious roots were observed. The influence on sprout development of carbohydrate reserve levels, photoperiod, solar radiation, and depth of rest in dormant buds at the time of cut are discussed.

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Muehlbauer, Thomas, Gerrit Schwiertz, Dennis Brueckner, Rainer Kiss, and Stefan Panzer. "Limb Differences in Unipedal Balance Performance in Young Male Soccer Players with Different Ages." Sports 7, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7010020.

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In soccer, the dominant leg is frequently used for passing and kicking while standing on the non-dominant leg. Consequently, postural control in the standing leg might be superior compared to the kicking leg and is further enhanced with increasing age (i.e., level of playing experience). Unfortunately, leg differences in postural control are associated with an increased risk of injuries. Thus, we examined differences between limbs in unipedal balance performance in young soccer players at different ages. Performance in the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-LQ) of the dominant and non-dominant leg and anthropometry was assessed in 76 young male soccer players (under-13 years [U13]: n = 19, U15: n = 14, U17: n = 21, U19: n = 22). Maximal reach distances (% leg length) and the composite scores were used for further analyses. Statistical analyses yielded no statistically significant main effects of leg or significant Leg × Age interactions, irrespective of the measure investigated. However, limb differences in the anterior reach direction were above the proposed cut-off value of >4 cm, which is indicative of increased injury risk. Further, statistically significant main effects of age were found for all investigated parameters, indicating larger reach distances in older (U19) compared to younger (U13) players (except for U15 players). Although reach differences between legs were non-significant, the value in the anterior reach direction was higher than the cut-off value of >4 cm in all age groups. This is indicative of an increased injury risk, and thus injury prevention programs should be part of the training of young soccer players.

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Ricke, Peter, Steffen Kolb, and Gesche Braker. "Application of a Newly Developed ARB Software-Integrated Tool for In Silico Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis Reveals the Dominance of a Novel pmoA Cluster in a Forest Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 3 (March 2005): 1671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.3.1671-1673.2005.

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ABSTRACT TRF-CUT, an ARB-implemented tool, was developed to predict in silico the terminal restriction fragments of aligned small-subunit rRNA gene or functional gene sequences. Application of this new tool to perform directed terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of pmoA products obtained from a forest soil revealed that novel cluster I methanotrophic bacteria were dominant.

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Xiaoyuan, Yu. "The research on the classification method of high water-cut well group in Y block." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019401024.

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Y block has entered the ultra-high water cut stage of production, and the water cut of oil wells is generally higher than 90%. Before polymer flooding, water cut continues to rise. High-water-bearing wells in the injected area are characterized by difficulty in effectiveness and low water cut decline, which seriously affects the overall development effect of the area. In this paper, the high water-bearing wells are divided into four categories by the parameter index of the number of layers in the high water-bearing channels before polymer flooding.Through the splitstream curve and the phase permeability curve, the permeability and oil saturation data under the condition of 98% water content were selected for fitting, and the critical oil saturation formula was obtained.The ratio between the oil saturation and the critical oil saturation is calculated by numerical simulation, and the discriminant standard of the dominant seepage channel with high water content is established.Compared with previous remaining oil saturation field identification methods, changed the method according to the conventional ideas of remaining oil saturation evaluation of water and residual oil, through the analysis of reservoir permeability parameters for the current development under the condition of the target reservoir quantitative identification of the cause of high water cut, to cause high containing water wells and reservoir high water cut oilfield management work provide quantitative analysis and objective guidance.

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Wang, Chenglong, Holger R. Roth, Takayuki Kitasaka, Masahiro Oda, Yuichiro Hayashi, Yasushi Yoshino, Tokunori Yamamoto, Naoto Sassa, Momokazu Goto, and Kensaku Mori. "Precise estimation of renal vascular dominant regions using spatially aware fully convolutional networks, tensor-cut and Voronoi diagrams." Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 77 (October 2019): 101642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2019.101642.

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Hoover, K. K., T. I. Gerasimova, A. J. Chien, and V. G. Corces. "Dominant effects of suppressor of Hairy-wing mutations on gypsy-induced alleles of forked and cut in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 132, no. 3 (November 1, 1992): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.3.691.

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Abstract Mutations induced by the gypsy retrotransposon in the forked (f) and cut (ct) loci render their expression under the control of the suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] gene. This action is usually recessive, but su(Hw) acts as a dominant on the alleles fk, ctk and ctMRpN30. Molecular analysis of the gypsy element present in fk indicates that this allele is caused by the insertion of a modified gypsy in which the region normally containing twelve copies of the octamer-like repeat that interacts with the su(Hw) product is altered. Analysis of the gypsy element responsible for the ctk and ctMRpN30 mutations also reveals a correlation between the dominant action of su(Hw) and disruption of the octamer region. We propose that these disruptions alter the affinity and interaction of su(Hw) protein with gypsy DNA, thereby sensitizing the mutant phenotype to fluctuations in su(Hw) product.

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Jin, Tan, D. J. Stephenson, and X. M. Sheng. "Investigation on the Workpiece Surface Residual Stress in High Efficiency Deep Grinding with Ultra High Wheel Speeds." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.24.

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The residual stress on the ground surface of workpiece in high efficiency deep grinding (HEDG) has been investigated. It has been found that the mechanism in forming the ground surface residual stress in HEDG is much different to that in the conventional shallow cut grinding process. It is not a thermally dominant event as in most of the shallow cut grinding mode; it is instead driven by the combined effects of both the thermal and mechanical loadings. The compressive plastic deformation near the workpiece surface during grinding and the short contact time in the HEDG regime, makes it possible to generate compressive surface stresses even when the surface temperatures are above 700-800°C.

31

Skládanka, Jiří, František Hrabě, and Pavel Heger. "Effect of fertilization and use intensity on the diversity and quality of herbage." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 2 (2008): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856020131.

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The objective of the paper is to assess the species composition of grass stands used under regime of two and three cuts, the grassland species diversity and the grassland quality at different levels of nutrition. The experimental site is situated in the Bohemian-Moravian Upland at an altitude of 650 m a.s.l. The subjects of assessment are two-cut and three-cut grass stands with diverse intensities of nutrition: unfertilized, 30 kg ha−1 P and 60 kg ha−1 K fertilized, fertilized with 90 kg ha−1 N+PK, and fertilized with 180 kg ha−1 N+PK. Studied characteristics were as follows: share of dominant species in the harvested herbage, species diversity of the grass stand and grass stand quality. Evaluated were years 2002–2006. The two-cut use promoted development of Dactylis glomerata. The three-cut use promoted development of Poa ssp. The share of Alopecurus pratensis was equable in the two-cut and three-cut grass stands. The dose of N90+PK promoted Dactylis glomerata and was insufficient to increase the share of Alopecurus pratensis and Poa ssp. Fertilization resulted in the decreased share of most present herbs but development of Polygonum bistorta was promoted, namely by the dose of N90+PK. In contrast, the application of PK promoted Trifolium repens. Fertilization had a significant (P < 0.05) influence on the share of individual species in the grassland. Three-cut grass stands exhibited a higher diversity than two-cut grass stands did. Fertilization had a significant (P < 0.05) influence on the decreased species diversity and on the increased grassland quality.

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Siti Sarah, A., A. B. Mohd Hadzley, Raja Izamshah, and Abu Abdullah. "Tool Life and Wear Mechanism when Machining LM6 Aluminium (MMC) with Coated and Uncoated High Speed Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.262.

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This paper aims to study the tool life of coated and uncoated high speed steel (HSS) when machining LM6 aluminium. The experiment was carried out in dry condition with spindle speed of 5000 rpm and 6000 rpm, and feed rate of 90 mm/min and 120 mm/min. Axial and radial depth of cut remain constant at 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively during the experiment. Throughout the experiments, coated HSS showed higher tool life as compared to uncoated HSS due to the coating layer of titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) provides protection from rapid wear during machining. For both cutting tools, the optimum cutting parameter was recorded at 5000 rpm spindle speed, 90 mm/min feed rate, 0.5 mm axial depth of cut and 1.0 mm radial depth of cut. Some evidence of built up edge (BUE) formation were observed at most of cutting tools, showing the dominant wear mechanisms appear to be adhesive wear.

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Ji, Chunhui, Shuangqiu Sun, Bin Lin, and Jixiong Fei. "Effect of cutting parameters on the residual stress distribution generated by pocket milling of 2219 aluminum alloy." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018813055.

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This work describes the experimental investigation of the residual stress distribution in the square pocket milling of 2219 aluminum alloy. The results reveal that the axial depth of cut is the most important factor influencing the residual stress distribution of the machined pocket surface, and the more tensile stress states are found with the increase in axial cutting depth due to the thermal deformation. The dominant mechanical deformation at all spindle speeds tends to produce the compressive residual stress. Altered feed rate and radial depth of cut show little changes in the residual stress distributions and the average values. In addition, the pattern of residual stress distribution of the square pocket surface is dramatically changed and the more tensile stresses are produced as the milling operation further proceeds. From this investigation, it is suggested to shorten the cutting time by raising the cutting parameters such as the feed rate and the radial depth of cut to achieve the compressive stress and the good surface roughness.

34

Moncrieff, Deborah. "Age- and Gender-Specific Normative Information from Children Assessed with a Dichotic Words Test." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 07 (July 2015): 632–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14096.

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Background: The most widely used assessment in the clinical auditory processing disorder (APD) battery is the dichotic listening test. New tests with normative information are helpful for assessment and cross-check of results for reliable diagnosis. Purpose: The Dichotic Words Test was developed for use in the clinical test battery for diagnosis of APD. The test stimuli were common single syllable words matched for average root-mean-square amplitude and each pair was temporally aligned at both onset and offset. The study was conducted to collect performance results from typically developing children to create normative information for the test. Research Design: The study follows a cross-sectional design. Study Sample: Typically developing children (n = 416) between the ages of 5 and 12 yr were recruited from schools in the community. There were 217 males and 199 females in the study sample. Only children who passed a hearing screening were eligible to participate. Data Collection and Analysis: Scores for each ear were recorded during administration of the first free recall version of the test. Ear advantages based on results recorded for left and right ears were used to measure prevalence of right, left, and no ear advantages. Results for each listener's dominant and non-dominant ears and the absolute difference between them were put into the data analysis. Results were analyzed for normality and because no results were normally distributed, all further analyses were done with nonparametric statistical tests. Normative data for dominant and non-dominant ear scores and ear advantages were determined at the 95% confidence interval through bootstrapping methods with 1,000 samples. Results: Children were divided into four age groups based on results in their dominant ears. Females generally performed better than males and the prevalence of a right-ear advantage was ˜60% across all children tested. Normative lower-bound cut-off scores were established for males and females within each age group for dominant and non-dominant ear scores. Normative upper-bound cut-off scores were established for males and females within each age group for ear advantage scores. Conclusions: Normative information specific to age group and gender will be useful in clinical assessment for APD. Prevalence of left-ear advantage results in the sample may have been partly due to uncontrolled influences of voice-onset time in arranging the dichotic pairs.

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Jeng, Yih. "Shallow seismic investigation of a site with poor reflection quality." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 6 (November 1995): 1715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443904.

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A shallow seismic reflection experiment was performed on a construction site to determine the feasibility of using reflection seismology to investigate the shallow structure in a weathered sand‐gravel interlayered zone that was known to be a poor transmission of high‐frequency seismic energy. Field‐recording parameters were designed to fit the limited space of the urban construction survey area. A 7 kg sledgehammer was used to generate P‐waves and SH‐waves. Single 100 Hz geophones were deployed at 1.0 m/0.5 m group intervals, and 200/100-Hz low‐cut filters were applied prior to A to D conversion to attenuate ground roll. For SH‐wave reflections, single 14 Hz geophones and a 70-Hz low‐cut filter on the seismograph were used. The dominant frequency bands ranged from 33 to 275 Hz and were centered around 110 Hz for P‐waves. Lower dominant frequency bands 20 to 160 Hz with a dominant frequency of around 85 Hz were observed on SH‐wave records. Four seismic lines, three P‐wave recordings and one SH‐wave recording, using different sets of recording parameters and an appropriate seismic‐wave generation method produced reflections from varying depth ranges and at different resolutions. The results show that the techniques employed in this experiment may resolve the structure of a site with poor reflection quality. An f-k dip filtering and deconvolution were necessary in processing the reflection data to eliminate various types of unwanted energy. The seismic interpretations in this study were verified by drilling and by a nearby excavation.

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Galdi, V., V. Pierro, and I. M. Pinto. "Cut-off Frequency and Dominant Eigenfunction Computation in Complex Dielectric Geometries via Donsker-Kač Formula and Monte Carlo Method." Electromagnetics 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726349708908512.

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37

Zurbriggen, E., M. V. Sieyra, A. Costa, A. Esquivel, and G. Stenborg. "Solar slow magneto-acoustic-gravity waves: an erratum correction and a revisited scenario." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 5270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1105.

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ABSTRACT Slow waves are commonly observed on the entire solar atmosphere. Assuming a thin flux tube approximation, the cut-off periods of slow-mode magneto-acoustic-gravity waves that travel from the photosphere to the corona were obtained in Costa et al. In that paper, however, a typo in the specific heat coefficient at constant pressure cp value led to an inconsistency in the cut-off calculation, which is only significant at the transition region. Due to the abrupt temperature change in the region, a change of the mean atomic weight (by a factor of approximately 2) also occurs, but is often overlooked in analytical models for simplicity purposes. In this paper, we revisit the calculation of the cut-off periods of magneto-acoustic-gravity waves in Costa et al. by considering an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium with a temperature profile, with the inclusion of the variation of the mean atomic weight and the correction of the inconsistency aforementioned. In addition, we measure the dominant periods near a particular active region (AR 1243) as observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on-board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) on 2011 July 3 and compare them to our analytical results. The cut-off periods obtained analytically are consistent with the corresponding periods measured in observations.

38

Wu, Di, Na Liu, Pengbo Xu, Kewei Sun, Wei Xiao, and Chenxi Li. "Reduced Contrast Sensitivity Function in Central and Peripheral Vision by Disability Glare." Perception 49, no. 12 (November 2, 2020): 1348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620967641.

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Various glares can decrease visual performance and cause discomfort, thus increasing drivers’ risk for traffic accidents in real life. The current study aimed to systematically investigate glare sensitivity in the central and peripheral visual fields by measuring contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under nonglare, steady glare, and transient glare conditions. Nine observers with normal visual acuity in the dominant eye were enrolled. The CSF in central and peripheral vision (the 5° upper left visual field) was measured in a mesopic environment while the stimulus was displayed under three conditions: nonglare, steady glare, and transient glare. An orientation identification task was used to obtain the CSF. After the experiment, the observers were asked to report their level of discomfort in the presence of the glare. The area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and cut-off spatial frequency served as indicators of visual performance. In agreement with previous studies, both steady and transient glare reduced the AULCSF and cut-off frequency. However, the AULCSF and cut-off frequency were reduced more for central vision than for nearly peripheral vision. In addition, the extent of the decreases in the AULCSF and cut-off frequency was greater for steady glare than for transient glare; in contrast, more discomfort was associated with transient glare than steady glare.

39

Han, Seongji, Jin-Gyun Kim, Juhwan Choi, and Jin Hwan Choi. "Iterative Coordinate Reduction Algorithm of Flexible Multibody Dynamics Using a Posteriori Eigenvalue Error Estimation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207143.

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Coordinate reduction has been widely used for efficient simulation of flexible multibody dynamics. To achieve the reduction of flexible bodies with reasonable accuracy, the appropriate number of dominant modes used for the reduction process must be selected. To handle this issue, an iterative coordinate reduction strategy is introduced. In the iteration step, more dominant modes of flexible bodies are selected than the ones in the previous step. Among the various methods, the conventional frequency cut-off rule is here considered. As a stop criterion, a novel a posteriori error estimator that can evaluate the relative eigenvalue error between full and reduced flexible bodies is proposed. Through the estimated relative eigenvalue error obtained, the number of dominant modes is automatically selected to satisfy the error tolerance up to the desired mode range. The applicability to the automation process is verified through numerical examples. It is also evaluated that efficient and accurate flexible multibody dynamics simulation is available with the reduced flexible body, generated by the proposed algorithm.

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Yousefi, R., M. A. Kouchakzadeh, J. Rahiminasab, and M. A. Kadivar. "The Influence of SiC Particles on Tool Wear in Machining of Al/SiC Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Powder Extrusion." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.393.

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Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have received considerable attention due to their excellent engineering properties. However, poor machinability has been the main deterrent to their substitution for metal parts. The hardness and abrasive nature of reinforcement phase causes rapid tool wear during machining which results in high machining costs. In this study, the effect of SiC particles (5, 15 & 20 percent) on tool wear in turning process is experimentally investigated. Continuous dry turning of Al/SiC particulate metal matrix composite produced by powder metallurgy and utilizing titanium carbide inserts has been achieved as the test method. The influence of machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on tool wear and cutting forces were investigated during the experiments. The results show that tool wear increases with increasing cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. The cutting speed and depth of cut are more dominant factors compared to feed rate on the tool wear. In addition, it is concluded that the flank wear increases with the increase of SiC percentage in the MMC.

41

Baskoro, Ario Sunar, Agus Siswanta, and K. G. S. Ismail. "Analysis of Micro-Channels Manufacturing of Acrylic Using Low Power CO₂ Laser." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.408.

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Several studies have demonstrated the ability of laser for micro-channels fabrication. There are some important aspects that must be considered to use laser for machining process, such as machining method, type of laser and interaction between laser and workpiece. In this research, CO2 laser machine was used as a tool to fabricate a micro-channes on acrylic. Some parameters that can influence the outcome of the cuts were setup, which are focus distance on Z axis, laser power, cutting speed, and the repetition of cutting process (number of pass). Cutting results were width and depth of cut. Observation was made by using digital microscope as measuring tool, and measurement result was analyzed by using Anova method. The results of the analysis shows that the parameter of laser power has a dominant influence on depth of cut, and then parameter of cutting speed and number of pass. By determining width and depth of the cut based on given parameters, it will be easier to take a shape and size on micro-channel fabrication.

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Skládanka, Jiří. "Effect of utilization term on the quality of semi-natural grass stand in the autumn and in the winter time." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010127.

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Quality of green fodder from a semi-natural sward consisting of Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Poa ssp., Agrostis stolonifera and Phleum pratense as dominant species, situated in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic) was studied in the months of the main forage utilization (November, December and January). Main usage in the winter months was preceded by usage in June, July and August (preparatory cut). The sward was fertilized in the first half of August with 50 kg N.ha-1. Qualitative characteristics studied in 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 were N-substances and NEL. Sward quality was decreasing from November to January with the date of utilization exhibiting a highly significant effect (α < 0.01) on the NEL content in all three years of monitoring and on the content of N-substances in the first two years of monitoring. Effect of the preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL was significant (α < 0.05) in all three years of monitoring and in the first two years of monitoring, respectively. In November, the contents of N-substances and NEL were higher in variants with the preparatory cut made in August than in variants with the preparatory cut made in June or July. The effect of the date of preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL in December and January was depending on climatic conditions in the given year.

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Hu, J., D. Barker, A. Dasgupta, and A. Arora. "Role of Failure-Mechanism Identification in Accelerated Testing." Journal of the IEST 36, no. 4 (July 1, 1993): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.36.4.b01608702h803nkm.

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Accelerated life testing techniques provide a short-cut method to investigate the reliability of electronic devices with respect to certain dominant failure mechanisms that occur under normal operating conditions. However, accelerated tests have often been conducted without knowledge of the failure mechanisms and without ensuring that the test accelerated the same mechanism as that obscrved under normal operating conditions. This paper summarizes common failure mechanisms in electronic devices and packages and investigates possible failure mechanism shifting during accelerated testing.

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Rudakov, M. L., O. M. Bolshunova, and D. S. Sobyanin. "On the Possibility of Using Structuring Hazardous Production Situations to Manage Occupational Risks in Coal Open-Cuts." Issues of Risk Analysis 18, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2021-18-1-66-75.

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The paper deals with an approach to occupational risk management based on the structuring of hazardous production situations (OPS) on the example of a coal open-cut. The possibility of using weight coefficients in determining groups of hazardous factors is shown, based on which the dominant contribution of technological and subjective factors is highlighted. An example of assessment of risks and opportunities as elements of occupational safety management based on GOST R ISO 45001-2020 is demonstrated.

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Sahith, Sayani Jai Krishna, Srinivasa Rao Pedapati, and Bhajan Lal. "Investigation on Gas Hydrates Formation and Dissociation in Multiphase Gas Dominant Transmission Pipelines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155052.

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In this work, a gas hydrate formation and dissociation study was performed on two multiphase pipeline systems containing gasoline, CO2, water, and crude oil, CO2, water, in the pressure range of 2.5–3.5 MPa with fixed water cut as 15% using gas hydrate rocking cell equipment. The system has 10, 15 and 20 wt.% concentrations of gasoline and crude oil, respectively. From the obtained hydrate-liquid-vapor-equilibrium (HLVE) data, the phase diagrams for the system are constructed and analyzed to represent the phase behavior in the multiphase pipelines. Similarly, induction time and rate of gas hydrate formation studies were performed for gasoline, CO2, and water, and crude oil, CO2, water system. From the evaluation of phase behavior based on the HLVE curve, the multiphase system with gasoline exhibits an inhibition in gas hydrates formation, as the HLVE curve shifts towards the lower temperature and higher-pressure region. The multiphase system containing the crude oil system shows a promotion of gas hydrates formation, as the HLVE curve shifted towards the higher temperature and lower pressure. Similarly, the kinetics of hydrate formation of gas hydrates in the gasoline system is slow. At the same time, crude oil has a rapid gas hydrate formation rate.

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Kekilli, Ersoy, Kadir Ertem, Saim Yologlu, and Fethi Ceylan. "Comparisons of the Bone Mineral Density in Dominant and Nondominant Forearm Following Clean-Cut Tendon Injuries, Repair, and Passive Mobilization." Journal of Clinical Densitometry 9, no. 2 (April 2006): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2006.01.004.

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Liu, Wenju, Yong-Guan Zhu, Peter Christie, and Adam Scott Laidlaw. "Botanical composition, production and nutrient status of an originally Lolium perenne-dominant cut grass sward receiving long-term manure applications." Plant and Soil 326, no. 1-2 (May 19, 2009): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0016-z.

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Watt, Abby J., Dylan G. Fischer, Joseph A. Antos, and Donald B. Zobel. "Leaf-level physiology in four subalpine plants in tephra-impacted forests during drought." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 4 (April 2018): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0361.

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Ecological impacts of climate change in the Pacific Northwest may hinge on acclimation to drier summers, highlighting the importance of plant physiological studies in forests. Evaluating dominant forest plant species under old-growth and managed forest conditions is similarly important as timber harvest might change microclimates and alter drought effects on plants. We examined water potential and gas exchange rates of four dominant plant species in understories of subalpine forests of the Pacific Northwest region of the United States during 2015 — a year with drought conditions representative of future climate projections. We examined two conifer species (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and two huckleberry species (Vaccinium membranaceum Douglas ex Torr. and Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.) in old-growth and formerly clear-cut forests at two elevations. Contrary to expectations, we found no evidence of hydraulic stress, and there were no significant differences between old-growth and clear-cut stands, consistent with an edaphic buffering effect in this volcanic landscape. Variation in stem elongation rates among years also indicated the lack of a strong drought response in 2015. Water potential, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance varied among species and among elevations. In combination, our results help constrain expected physiological activity of understory species in subalpine forests and emphasize the importance of the edaphic context (e.g., tephra deposits) in framing expectations for the responses to drought.

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Kong, Ying, Ming Sun, Hui-tang Pan, and Qi-xiang Zhang. "Composition and Emission Rhythm of Floral Scent Volatiles from Eight Lily Cut Flowers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 6 (November 2012): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.6.376.

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Floral scents emitted from eight cultivars of cut lily flowers (Lilium) were analyzed. Floral volatiles were collected by headspace adsorption on sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using a direct thermal desorption. Fifty volatile compounds were identified. Nine compounds were detected in all lilies, whereas 20 compounds were detected in all scented lilies. The results revealed that non-scented lilies emitted trace amounts of volatile compounds, whereas scented lilies emitted high levels of volatile compounds. Monoterpenoids and benzenoids were the dominant compound classes of volatiles emitted from scented lilies. Myrcene, (E)-β-ocimene, linalool, methyl benzoate, and ethyl benzoate were the major compounds of the aroma of scented lilies; 1,8-cineole was also a major compound in the two scented oriental × trumpet hybrid lilies. Scent emissions occurred in a circadian rhythm with higher levels of volatiles emitted during the night. Lilium ‘Siberia’ was selected as a model to investigate the source of the emissions. GC/MS analysis of four flower parts and neutral red staining revealed that tepals were the source of floral scent.

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Johnston, Laura A., Bruce D. Ostrow, Christine Jasoni, and Karen Blochlinger. "The Homeobox Gene cut Interacts Genetically With the Homeotic Genes proboscipedia and Antennapedia." Genetics 149, no. 1 (May 1, 1998): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.1.131.

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Abstract The cut locus (ct) codes for a homeodomain protein (Cut) and controls the identity of a subset of cells in the peripheral nervous system in Drosophila. During a screen to identify ct-interacting genes, we observed that flies containing a hypomorphic ct mutation and a heterozygous deletion of the Antennapedia complex exhibit a transformation of mouthparts into leg and antennal structures similar to that seen in homozygous proboscipedia (pb) mutants. The same phenotype is produced with all heterozygous pb alleles tested and is fully penetrant in two different ct mutant backgrounds. We show that this phenotype is accompanied by pronounced changes in the expression patterns of both ct and pb in labial discs. Furthermore, a significant proportion of ct mutant flies that are heterozygous for certain Antennapedia (Antp) alleles have thoracic defects that mimic loss-of-function Antp phenotypes, and ectopic expression of Cut in antennal discs results in ectopic Antp expression and a dominant Antp-like phenotype. Our results implicate ct in the regulation of expression and/or function of two homeotic genes and document a new role of ct in the control of segmental identity.

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