Статті в журналах: "Date de conception"

1

Flood, Peter F., and Susan C. Tedesco. "Relationship between Conception Date and Latitude in Muskoxen." Rangifer 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.17.1.382.

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It has been suggested that muskoxen calve earlier with increasing latitude but the available data do not seem to have been thoroughly analyzed. Therefore, estimated conception dates (K=657) from a wide range of latitudes were compared. The results indicate that conceptions occur about a month earlier in the arctic than at temperate latitudes. This conclusion is consistent with reported observations of mating behaviour and calving season.

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2

Surbey, Michele K., Denys De Catanzaro, and Martin S. Smith. "Seasonality of conception in hutterite colonies of Europe (1758–1881) and North America (1858–1964)." Journal of Biosocial Science 18, no. 3 (July 1986): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000016308.

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SummaryBirth records of Hutterite colonies were examined for the presence of seasonal variation in conception rate. Month of conception was inferred by counting back 9 months from date of birth. Over 4300 births, occurring between 1758 and 1964 and spanning the years that the colonies inhabited the Ukraine and then migrated to the United States and Canada, were included in the analysis. When combined, the European and North American births showed a seasonal pattern with a general rise in conceptions from December to June followed by a decline in conceptions from July to November. The major peaks in conceptions were in April and June, with a minor peak in December. Separate examination of the European and American records revealed a secular change. The seasonality of North American conceptions was dramatically reduced when compared to the very distinct European seasonal pattern. It is assumed that both biological and cultural factors are responsible for the seasonal variation observed. The influences of light cycle, date of marriage, and work and holiday schedules on conception rates are discussed.

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3

Precup, Cris, Mircea Ifrim, Csongor Toth, Ovidiu Bulzan, and Florin Dragan. "Computer application for forensic determination of conception date." Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine 20, no. 4 (2012): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4323/rjlm.2012.303.

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4

Zehr, Julia L., Pamela L. Tannenbaum, Benjamin Jones, and Kim Wallen. "Peak occurrence of female sexual initiation predicts day of conception in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 12, no. 8 (2000): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00080.

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The present study investigated whether peaks in female sexual initiation could accurately predict conception in group-living female rhesus monkeys. Behavioral observations, 4 or 5 days per week in large, stable, social groups of monkeys, provided frequencies of female initiation of proximity, sexual solicitation, mounts, and ejaculations. Since a preovulatory peak in female sexual initiation is likely linked to the preovulatory oestradiol surge, we used the third day after a peak in behavior as the behavioral estimate of conception date. For each pregnancy, an independent estimate of conception date was derived from ultrasound determination of fetal length. Estimates of conception based on female initiation of proximity with adult males were accurate for more than 90% of pregnancies, whereas observation of ejaculations by males predicted conception in fewer than 60% of pregnancies. Behavioral and ultrasound estimates of conception date were highly correlated and differed by less than 1 day on average. Accordingly, predictions of delivery date based on behavioral estimates of conception date were as accurate as those based on ultrasound-derived estimates. These data suggest that female-initiated sexual behavior can be used in rhesus monkeys as a practical, non-invasive tool for producing timed matings in social groups of monkeys, providing accurate estimates of conception date, gestational age, and predicted date of birth.

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5

Dallaire, Louis, Serge B. Melancon, Michel Potier, Jean-P. Mathieu, and Gilles Ducharme. "Date of conception and prevention of neural tube defects." Clinical Genetics 26, no. 4 (April 23, 2008): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1984.tb01064.x.

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6

Dye, Michael P., Stephen Demarais, Bronson K. Strickland, Phillip D. Jones, Christopher G. Mcdonald, and Dale F. Prochaska. "Factors affecting conception date variation in white-tailed deer." Wildlife Society Bulletin 36, no. 1 (January 10, 2012): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.98.

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7

Asher, G. W., and J. C. Pollard. "Influence of nutrition and lactation on ovulation and conception in red deer." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 9 (January 1, 2003): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.9.2002.3406.

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Reproduction incurs a high energetic cost and failure to meet nutritional needs results in reproductive failure. In red deer hinds, the interaction between nutrition, summer lactation and subsequent ovulation/conception is of particular interest for farmed deer production in NZ due to climatic constraints to summer pasture production in many areas. However, few studies have focussed on the potential perturbing effects of poor nutrition on lactational outputs and potential flow-on effects on ovulation/conception. As lacta tion in red deer naturally persists well beyond the autumn mating period, lactational anoestrus (through hormonal feedback mechanisms) is not a normal feature of the species reproduction. However, lactation is of high nutritional cost to the hind and can potentially exert considerable influence on the incidence and timing of conception via changes in hind liveweight, lipid depots and general body condition. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis is derived from studies of wild red deer within habitats marginal to species survival (e.g. Isle of Rhum, Scotland), where climatic variables greatly influence annual reproductive success of hinds. Under such conditions, even the differences in maternal investment (via lactation) required to raise male and female calves have been demonstrated to influence the subsequent success and timing of conceptions. Studies of farmed red deer in Scotland also demonstrated that hinds on different levels of pasture nutrition during lactation exhibited significant differences in conception date, with earlier conceptions favouring hinds on higher levels of nutrition. There is a growing body of evidence from monitoring of farmed red deer in New Zealand that the interaction between lactation and hind body condition score (BCS)/ liveweight influences subsequent conception rate and date. Recent studies on pre-rut versus post-rut calf weaning practices demonstrated effects of lactation on hind BCS and liveweight, calf growth rates and hind conception dates. These studies highlight the need to better understand the "costs" of lactation on reproductive performance, particularly under conditions of nutritional constraints. Keywords: lactation, nutrition, red deer, reproduction

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8

Pollard, J. C., G. W. Asher, and R. P. Littlejohn. "Weaning date affects calf growth rates and hind conception dates in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)." Animal Science 74, no. 1 (February 2002): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800052279.

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AbstractTo determine how weaning date affected productivity in deer farming systems, calf growth rate, hind conception date, and hind condition were monitored on 10 New Zealand deer farms located in Otago and Southland, from February/March until August/September in 1999 (no. = 551 hind-calf pairs) and 2000 (no. = 414 pairs). On each farm, in both years, half of the hind-calf pairs were separated for early weaning (mean date 11 March; range 25 February to 17 March), while the other half remained together for late weaning (mean date 28 May; range 12 May to 10 June). Deer in both treatments on each farm were of similar age and genotype and stags were added to hind groups on the same day in March. Calves were weighed in February/March, May/June and August/September. Scanning of hinds to determine date of conception was carried out in June.Climatically the 2 years were very different with a summer drought preceding observations in 1999, nevertheless similar effects of weaning date were observed in both years. Calves weaned early gained less weight than the late-weaned calves (142 v. 210 g/day in 1999, and 131 v. 166 g/day in 2000) between February/March and May/June (P < 0·001). However mean conception dates were earlier in the early-weaned hinds compared with the late-weaned hinds (by 12 days in 1999 and 7 days in 2000,P < 0·001). Hind condition scores in May/June were higher for the early-weaned hinds compared with the late-weaned hinds (by 0·5 score units in 1999 and 0·3 score units in 2000, P < 0·001). For all measures the effects of weaning date varied between farms (P < 0·001). It was concluded that farmers weaning early could expect a positive effect on hind conception date and winter hind condition and a negative effect on calf growth rate, but management could override negative effects of weaning early or late.

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9

Sawa, Anna, Małgorzata Jankowska, and Agata Augustyniak. "Effect of daily yield of cows and date of first insemination on services per conception." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/asp.2018.17.1.02.

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10

Perry, George A., and Robert Cushman. "Effect of Age at Puberty/Conception Date on Cow Longevity." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 29, no. 3 (November 2013): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.07.011.

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11

Shields, Kathleen. "Qui a peur de traduire Virginia Woolf?" Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.44.1.02shi.

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Abstract A quarrel broke out in 1993 in the French literary press concerning the respective merits of two French translations of The Waves (1931). The first translation was by Yourcenar (1937) and the second by Wajsbrot (1993). Two contrasting conceptions of translating are apparent in the critics' positions, and also in the theory and practice (whether explicit or implicit) of the two translators. For Yourcenar, Woolf's text is part of an English literary system which is to be introduced to the French system. As a translator and author her role is to introduce Woolf to a French public. Wajsbrot, on the other hand, considers Woolf as an outstanding artist representative of the genius of the English language. The corollary is that the translator should make himself or herself invisible. These two positions can be related to two conceptions of the translator, the formalist and the romantic, respectively. From 1937 to 1993, the metaphors used indicate the decline of a formalist conception of translation in favour of an idea of the role of the translator which dates from romanticism. Which conception produces the better translation? Résumé En 1993 une querelle a agité la presse littéraire française concernant la valeur des deux traductions de The Waves (1931), celle de Yourcenar (1937) et celle de Wajsbrot (1993). Deux conceptions opposées de la traduction se manifestent dans les arguments dont se servent les critiques ainsi que dans la pratique et la théorie (que cette théorie soit explicite ou implicite) des deux traducteurs. Pour Yourcenar le texte de Woolf fait partie d'un système littéraire anglais qu'il faut introduire dans le système littéraire français. Comme traductrice et auteur, son rôle est donc d'introduire Woolf à un public français. Wajsbrot considère Woolf comme artiste extraordinaire qui représente le génie de la langue anglaise et devant qui la traductrice doit s'effacer. Ces deux conceptions de la traduction peuvent être rapprochées d'une part, d'une position formaliste, d'autre part d'une position romantique. De 1937 à 1993, les métaphores employées par les deux traductrices, et par les critiques, marquent le recul d'une conception formaliste de la traduction en faveur d'une conception du rôle du traducteur qui date du romantisme. Quelle conception produit la meilleure traduction?

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12

Hutchison, J. L., P. M. VanRaden, H. D. Norman, and J. B. Cole. "Technical note: Changes to herd cutoff date in conception rate evaluations." Journal of Dairy Science 96, no. 2 (February 2013): 1264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6203.

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13

Abu-Sahlieh, Sami A. Aldeeb. "The Islamic Conception of Migration." International Migration Review 30, no. 1 (March 1996): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000105.

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This article discusses migration as viewed by classical Islamic law, a corpus of disparate juridical institutions and concepts accumulated since the seventh century which is based on two principal sources, The Qur'an and the Sunnah of Muhammad. The Qur'an; the first source of Islamic law, collects the revelation transmitted by God to Muhammad between 610 and 632 A.D., date of his death. Muslims believe that the author of this book is not Muhammad but God himself. The present text was established fifteen or twenty years after the death of Muhammad. The Sunnah of Muhammad is the second source of Islamic law. This term designates sayings, accounts and facts, called also hadiths, attributed to Muhammad, infallible model according to the Qur'an and interpreter of God's will. These hadiths are reported in many collections and in the biographies whose authenticity is often questioned.

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14

HAYAMA, Shin-ichi, Sachie NAKIRI, and Fumiharu KONNO. "Pregnancy Rate and Conception Date in a Wild Population of Japanese Monkeys." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 73, no. 6 (2011): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.10-0420.

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15

Novakovic, Z., Lj Sretenovic, S. Aleksic, M. M. Petrovic, V. Pantelic, and D. Ostojic-Andric. "Age at first conception of high yielding cows." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 1043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103043n.

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Black and White low land dairy cattle have very pronounced ability for high production of milk. Fertility is the major trait of cattle and key factor in successful milk production. Fertility traits have pronounced variability and low heritability value. Fertility is regularly limiting factor in attempts to increase the milk yield. Age of dairy cattle at first conception is one of the major reproduction properties. Age of calves at first calving depends mainly on age at first conception. Previous researches have indicated what would be the optimum age at first conception of Black and White heifers. Age at first conception is determined by the date of birth and date of first conception. Knowledge of the strength of the environment factors on age at first conception in high yielding cows is important from the aspect of their inclusion into the model. According to the significance of individual systematic factors, their objective assessment was carried out for the purpose of accurate evaluation of obtained results. Objective of this paper is to study the age at first conception of high yielding Black and white cows through major systematic influences, by applying adequate methodology. Cows comprising the studied sample (n=331) belong to European type of Black and White dairy cattle in final stage of improving of this breed with Holstein-Friesian breed. Average age of dairy cattle at first conception was 491.19?9.36 days or 16.15?0.31 months. According to cows? the values were following: 479.31 days (> 73% HF), 486.12 days (58-73%HF) and 508.14 days (< 58% HF).

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16

Hobbs, J. D., E. R. Cope, S. R. Edwards, Z. D. Mcfarlane, and J. T. Mulliniks. "1259 Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration influences conception date in young beef cows in Tennessee." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1259.

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17

Scott, I. C., G. W. Asher, J. A. Archer, and R. P. Littlejohn. "The effect of conception date on gestation length of red deer (Cervus elaphus)." Animal Reproduction Science 109, no. 1-4 (December 2008): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.11.025.

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18

Sebestény, Anikó, and Natalie Emmons. "Balinese Hindus’ Afterlife Beliefs as Stable Constructs: An Effect of High Frequency Domestic Rituals." Journal of Cognition and Culture 17, no. 5 (November 22, 2017): 437–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340013.

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Abstract In this investigation, Balinese Hindus were interviewed to explore the impact of ritual practice on the flexibility and pattern of afterlife beliefs. Adults from communities where ancestral ritual practices are widespread were asked whether bodily and mental processes continue after death. Prior research with the ancestor-worshiping Malagasy Vezo revealed that their responses to such questions varied depending on narrative context (tomb vs. corpse scenario) and which conception of death they subsequently deployed: A religious conception, wherein death marks the beginning of a new form of spiritual existence, or a biological conception, wherein death terminates all living processes (Astuti & Harris, 2008). No studies to date have looked at the narrative effect in a culture having close proximity to altars dedicated to ancestors and frequent rituals to honor them. To explore the cross-cultural replicability of the narrative effect, an adaptation of Astuti and Harris’ experiment (Study 1, 2008) was conducted with Balinese Hindu adults. Participants heard one of two death scenarios and were asked about a deceased person’s capacities. Results revealed that Balinese adults were not influenced by narrative context. While they ascribed more mental than bodily capacities to the dead, they attributed comparatively more capacities overall than the Vezo. A distinctive Balinese pattern of capacity attribution was found, notably high attributions of an enduring spirit and real-time perceptual capacities. Findings suggest that the proximity and high frequency of rituals directed toward ancestors serve to shape, strengthen, and stabilize religious conceptions of death, while weakening the salience of solely biological conceptions.

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19

Saat, Rohaida Mohd, Hidayah Mohd Fadzil, Nor Azlina Abd. Aziz, Kamariah Haron, Kamaludin A. Rashid, and Natalya Rudina Shamsuar. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE THREE-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO ASSESS PRE-UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION." Journal of Baltic Science Education 15, no. 4 (August 25, 2016): 532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/16.15.532.

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This research reports the development of an online three-tier diagnostic instrument for pre-university students related to cellular respiration. To date, only few studies have been conducted to identify students’ alternative conception in the topic of cellular respiration. One of the contributing factors is due to lack of instrument developed to measure these alternative conceptions. Three-tier tests are used as assessment tools for lecturers to determine students’ alternative conceptions related to cellular respiration and their knowledge and understanding about the concepts. The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods. The instrument was developed in five phases: (1) construction of items, (2) pilot study, (3) validation of instrument, (4) transforming the instrument into an online assessment tool, and (5) the administration of the Online Diagnostic Tool (ODiT). The Cellular Respiration ODiT consists of three tiers: answer and reasoning tiers to measure “content knowledge” and “explanatory knowledge” respectively, and a third tier that measures the level of confidence of pre-university students. Analysis of the students’ responses demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity of the instrument. The research also shows that both students and lecturers benefit when online diagnostic tests are implemented appropriately. Key words: biology alternative conception, online diagnostic tool, three-tier diagnostic test.

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20

Scott, I. C., G. W. Asher, N. Jopson, N. Cox, J. A. Archer, D. R. Stevens, and G. K. Barrell. "Effect of conception date and hind nutrition on fetal growth trajectory and gestation length of red deer (Cervus elaphus)." Animal Production Science 55, no. 8 (2015): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13507.

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This study tested the hypothesis that the negative association between gestation length and conception date in red deer is mediated by nutrition. Twenty-eight pregnant red deer were randomly allocated to four groups according to a 2 × 2 factorial design, with the factors conception date (14 March, E; 28 April, L) and level of nutrition (ad libitum, H; restricted, R). Animals were housed indoors in individual pens from early winter until calving and offered daily an ad libitum pelleted ration. The daily ration was then restricted from late winter in ER (134 days post-conception) and LR (89 days post-conception) groups, so that these hinds did not experience a seasonal increase in food intake. X-Ray computed tomography scans were taken at Days 120, 150, 180 and 210 of gestation (mid–late gestation) to estimate weight of various conceptus components. Growth rate of the total fetus was significantly higher in LH than in other treatments (P < 0.01) between Days 180 and 210 of gestation. Birthweight was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between treatments or calf sex. Birthweight was associated directly with change in hind liveweight (P = 0.03) and body condition score during the third trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.01), but was not significantly associated with gestation length (P = 0.34). Gestation length was 4.4 days longer in LR than LH hinds (P = 0.03) and was negatively associated with both food intake (P = 0.03) and LW gain (P = 0.02) during the final trimester of gestation. Feeding late-conceiving hinds an ad libitum diet of high-quality food during the third trimester of gestation maximises fetal growth and shortens gestation length.

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21

Mulliniks, J. T., M. E. Kemp, R. L. Endecott, S. H. Cox, A. J. Roberts, R. C. Waterman, T. W. Geary, E. J. Scholljegerdes та M. K. Petersen. "Does β-hydroxybutyrate concentration influence conception date in young postpartum range beef cows?1". Journal of Animal Science 91, № 6 (1 червня 2013): 2902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-6029.

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22

Veeroja, Rauno, Anne Kirk, Vallo Tilgar, Sander Säde, Merit Kreitsberg, and Jüri Tõnisson. "Conception date affects litter type and foetal sex ratio in female moose in Estonia." Journal of Animal Ecology 79, no. 1 (January 2010): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01599.x.

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23

Salomon, Laurent J., Costanza Pizzi, Antonio Gasparrini, Jean-Pierre Bernard, and Yves Ville. "Prediction of the date of delivery based on first trimester ultrasound measurements: An independent method from estimated date of conception." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 23, no. 1 (December 11, 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767050903078672.

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24

Lindley, George, Jim Willshire, and Steven Van Winden. "Reproductive Performance and Partial Budget Analysis of a Prostaglandin or a Modified Ovsynch Protocol in Autumn Calving Dairy Herds." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041031.

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In autumn calving dairy herds, treatment of cattle not observed in estrus prior to the breeding season is common. Routinely, a single prostaglandin or a modified Ovsynch (MOFT) protocol are used—without evidence of their relative effectiveness. This study compares the effects on conception, associated timing, and profitability of administering cows with prostaglandin or MOFT treatment. A hundred and ninety-two Holstein-Friesian cows from three herds without an observed estrus within 28-days before mating start date were randomly treated with d-cloprostenol (PGOD) or an 8-day MOFT protocol. The association of treatment and calving-breeding start-date interval (CBSI) on the risk of conception were investigated. Partial budget, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess economic performance, identify critical input variables, and explore the effects of input uncertainties on model output. There was a significant association between MOFT treatment and conception during 21 and 84 days after mating start date, compared to PGOD. MOFT treatment was associated with a mean net benefit of £58.21 (sd £19.42) and £27.29 (sd £17.75) per cow for herds with a fixed or variable dry-off date, respectively. The relative profitability of an MOFT protocol is dependent on its effects on barren rate and herd dry-off strategy.

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Rosatte, Rick C., and Joe Neuhold. "Late-born Elk, Cervus elaphus, Calf Observed Near Bancroft, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i2.286.

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A recently born male Elk (Cervus elaphus) calf was observed and photographed approximately 30 km east of Bancroft, Ontario, on 5 October 2004. Based on the gestation period for Elk, the estimated conception date was between late December 2003 and early January 2004. This is unusual as the majority of calves are born between late May and early June with conception having occurred in September/October. This reproductive strategy allows for an optimum growth period for calves to occur before the onset of winter which increases the probability of survival. An eleven-year-old cow Elk was identified as the mother of the late born calf. The age of the cow, and her inability to meet the annual energy requirements necessary for normal reproduction, may have contributed to the late conception and parturition dates.

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Sadovnick, Dessa, Maria Criscuoli, Irene Yee, Robert Carruthers, Alice Schabas, and Penelope Smyth. "The road to conception for women with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical 7, no. 3 (July 2021): 205521732110323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552173211032313.

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Objective The objective of this prospective “real world” study is to gain insight into the different “roads to conception” that women with MS take as part of the prospective Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Pregnancy Study (CANPREG-MS). Methods Participants are women with MS who are planning a pregnancy. Data cut-off for analyses was April 30, 2020. Results We believe this is the first prospective National study of women with MS planning pregnancies. The data are for the first 44 women enrolled of whom 26 achieved pregnancy by cut-off date. Seven women used assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs); 6 stopped disease modifying therapy (DMT) against their neurologists’ recommendations; 6 had an interruption(s) in trying to conceive due to MS relapses, MRI-detected inflammation, or limited “windows of opportunity” between DMT courses. Conclusion The study illustrates the roads that women take to conception, even if they are on the same therapy and have similar clinical expression of MS. Advice given by treating neurologists on washout periods show discrepancies. This paper highlights the real problem that there is no definitive, international consensus on managing these women due to the lack of “real world” data and thus the goal of CANPREG-MS is to provide such real world data.

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Asep Permadi Gumelar2, Robi Agustinadi Tati Rohayati, dan. "EVALUASI TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN INSEMINASI BUATAN DI KECAMATAN SELAAWI KABUPATEN GARUT TAHUN PELAKSANAAN 2013 (Evaluation Of Artificial Insemination Success Rate In The District Of Garut Selaawi Implementation Year 2013)." JANHUS: Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Journal of Animal Husbandry Science 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/janhus.v2i2.444.

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Abstrak Penelitian mengenai Evaluasi Tingkat Keberhasilan Sapi Potong Betina di Kecamatan Selaawi Kabupaten Garut telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 1 Juli sampai dengan tanggal 31 Juli 2015.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan inseminasi buatan yang meliputi service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR) dan Calving Rate (C/R) pada sapi potong di Kecamatan Selaawi Kabupaten Garut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik studi kasus. Peubah yang diamati terdiri dari service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR) dan Calving Rate (C/R). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rataan service per conception (S/C) adalah sebesar 1,4, Conception Rate (CR) sebesar 71%, Calving Rate (C/R) 83%. Dengan demikian tingkat keberhasilan inseminasi buatan pada sapi potong betina di Kecamatan Selaawi sudah baik. Kata kunci: Inseminasi Buatan, S/C, CR, C/R, sapi potong Abstract Research on Evaluation of Beef Cattle Females Success Rate in District Selaawi Garut was held on July 1 until the date of July 31, 2015. The study aims to determine the success rate of artificial insemination which includes service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR) and Calving Rate (C/R) in beef cattle in the district of Garut Selaawi. The method used is descriptive method with a case study. Variables observed consisted of service per conception (S/C), conception rate (CR) and Calving Rate (C/R). The results showed that the average services per conception (S/C) is at 1.4, Conception Rate (CR) of 71 % , Calving Rate ( C / R ) 83 %. Thus the success rate of artificial insemination in beef cattle females in Sub Selaawi is good. Keywords: artificial insemination, service per conception, conception rate, Calving Rate, beef cattle

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Albers, Geriann, John W. Edwards, Richard E. Rogers, and Lauren L. Mastro. "Natality of Yearling Coyotes in West Virginia." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072015-jfwm-063.

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Abstract Minimal information is available regarding the reproduction of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Mid-Atlantic region, which includes the states of Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Since reproductive information is useful to assess populations and determine management strategies and because this information is unavailable for the Mid-Atlantic, we examined uterine tracts of 66 female coyotes collected from February to May 2010 for fetuses. We measured fetuses using a digital caliper and approximated dates of conception and parturition. Nine (13.6%) female coyotes were pregnant with visible fetuses; seven of these females were yearlings (1.5–2.5 y old). Average litter size of yearling coyotes was 5.4 (SE = 0.48). We estimated an average conception date of 2 February and an average parturition date of 6 April. Conception and parturition dates were within the reported range for coyotes, though one female successfully bred in early January, which is earlier than reported in the literature. The relatively high proportion (30.4%) of yearling females breeding in West Virginia may reflect abundant food resources, low density of coyotes, increasing human-caused mortality, or a combination of these factors. Reproductive information reported here will be helpful in monitoring coyote population trends and in the assessment of management strategies.

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Davis, Isabel. "The Experimental Conception Hospital: Dating Pregnancy and the Gothic Imagination." Social History of Medicine 32, no. 4 (May 19, 2018): 773–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky005.

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Abstract The Experimental Conception Hospital is a fictional laboratory described in a note by Robert Lyall on the medical evidence given in the Gardner Peerage dispute (1825–26). This fantasy institution would discover the natural length of human gestation and ascertain from when and what to date conception, calculations which eluded the House of Lords Peerage Committee which heard the case. This article introduces the Gardner case and Lyall’s writing about it, focusing on the Gothicism which emerges particularly in relation to the perceived secrecy of the female reproductive body. By considering Lyall’s Experimental Conception Hospital alongside three other technologies—the Panopticon, the hot air balloon and anatomical drawings of the gravid uterus—this article discovers the anachronistic persistence of supposedly out-dated modes of thoughts around female sexuality and reproductive biology in an apparently hyper-modern moment.

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Benavides, Elisa, Philip J. Lupo, Peter H. Langlois, and Jeremy M. Schraw. "A Comprehensive Assessment of the Associations Between Season of Conception and Birth Defects, Texas, 1999–2015." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 7120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197120.

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Birth defects prevalence may vary seasonally, but previous studies have focused on a few commonly occurring phenotypes. We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in order to evaluate the associations between season of conception and a broad range of birth defects. Date of conception was estimated for all livebirths and birth defect cases in Texas from 1999–2015 using data from vital records, provided by the Texas Department of State Health Services Center for Health Statistics. Birth defects diagnoses were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, a statewide, active surveillance system. We estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) for phenotypes with ≥50 cases according to conception in spring (March-May), summer (June–August) or fall (September–November) relative to winter (December–February), using Poisson regression. Season of conception was associated with 5% of birth defects studied in models adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and number of previous livebirths. Specifically, summer conception was associated with any monitored birth defect (PR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04) and five specific phenotypes, most notably Hirschsprung disease (PR 1.46, 95% CI 1.22–1.75). These findings suggest that seasonally variable exposures influence the development of several birth defects and may assist in identifying novel environmental risk factors.

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Gergely Gyimóthy, Nóra Vass, Péter Balogh, András Jávor, and András Kovács. "Age of puberty and conception rates of Hungarian Merino, (Merino x Somali) F1 and (Merino x Barbados Blackbelly) F1 ewes." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 50 (December 16, 2012): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/50/2558.

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The aim of our examination was to detect the puberty of the Hungarian Merino and its hairsheep crossbred ewes, and also to determine their average conception rates after having ram exposed in May and June. Hormon diagnostation was used to evaluate the exact date of the very first ovulation. Ultrasound technique was used for checking the conception rates of ewes. The pregnancy detection was applied after a month of the date of taking off the ram.We evaluated the ages of ewes at puberty. Statistical deviation and standard error were calculated. The results proved the Hungarian Merino x Somali (N=10), ((x ± s) = 173 ± 43) and also the Hungarian Merino x Barbados Blackbelly crossbred genotypes (N=7), ((x ± s) = 186 ± 19) have their puberty much earlier as compared to the fullbred Hungarian Merino ewes (N=10), ((x ± s) = 231 ± 95). We experienced the highest conception rate in the group of the (Hungarian Merino x Somali) F1 ewes after exposing the ram in the „out-of season” period of time.

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Sawyer, GJ, J. Milligan, and DJ Barker. "Time of joining affects the performance of young Angus and Angus multiply Friesian cattle in the south-west of Western Australia. 1. Liveweight, body condition, and reproductive performance in heifers and first-calvers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 5 (1993): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930511.

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A 3-year study using 183 Angus and 173 Angus x Friesian first-calf heifers joined at about 15 months of age was conducted to determine the effects of time of calving and breed on liveweight and condition, heifer reproductive performance, oestrus activity after calving, and subsequent conception. Pasture on offer and supplements were also measured. Calving times used were April (conventional calving time), March (4 weeks earlier), and May (4 weeks later). There was no significant effect of time of calving on net reproductive rate in heifers of either breed, but the number of stillbirths and dystocias in later calved Angus were greater than in Angus x Friesian. Protracted and difficult calvings were more prevalent in heifers of both breeds calving early. Highest pregnancy rates of 93-94% corresponded with the highest average liveweights at conception in nulliparous heifers of both breeds that were mated to first-calve later. Angus x Friesian first-calvers consistently returned to oestrus before Angus after their first calving. In a year when grazing pressure on depleted dry pasture residues caused significant liveweight loss in both breeds, the crossbreds commenced cycling, on average, 20-32 days before the Angus. Regression of calving date and length of the post-partum anoestrous interval (PPAI) was -0.54 days/day for Angus and -0.3 1 days/day for Angus x Friesian. There was no significant difference between breeds for time to conception. The regression of second conception date on first calving date was 0.10 days/day in Angus and 0.17 days/day in Angus x Friesian. Heavier first-calvers of both breeds returned to oestrus earlier; each extra 10 kg in liveweight was associated with shorter PPAI by 3.9 days in Angus and 1.7 days in Angus x Friesian crossbreds. Heavier first-calvers of both breeds also conceived earlier; however, about twice as much weight was required to reduce the time to conception in the larger Angus x Friesian crossbreds than in the Angus. Times to first oestrus and to conception were negatively and linearly related to condition only in Angus first-calvers. Conception rates after first calving did not differ between time-of-calving groups or breeds in 2 years, but in a difficult year and if calved later, only 73% of Angus and 61 % of Angus x Friesians were pregnant after 90 days of joining. We conclude that there is little justification on the grounds of reproductive performance for varying the time of calving of heifers from that of the main breeding herd.

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Kannan, K. Senthamarai, D. Nagarajan, and T. Tamizh Chelvam. "Stochastic model of human gestation period for mature and premature live Birth." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 36, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.36.2005.127.

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The Gestation period or the Infecundable period of pregnancy measure from the date of conception to the date of termination of pregnancy by live birth is a useful item for the consideration in certain demographic, biological and public health problems. Bartholomew (1973) has analysed some Markov Chain Model. In this paper, the equilibrium state of human gestation period for mature and premature live birth are analysed. The demographic and biological character of mothers are discussed through the data collected from the hospitals.

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Balafrej, Mohammed. "Adaptation of Nonlinear Mathematical Models to Take into Consideration the Date of Conception of Animal Species." International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics 4, no. 2 (2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20190402.11.

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Guerra, Damian D., and K. Joseph Hurt. "Gasotransmitters in pregnancy: from conception to uterine involution†." Biology of Reproduction 101, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioz038.

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AbstractGasotransmitters are endogenous small gaseous messengers exemplified by nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S or sulfide). Gasotransmitters are implicated in myriad physiologic functions including many aspects of reproduction. Our objective was to comprehensively review basic mechanisms and functions of gasotransmitters during pregnancy from conception to uterine involution and highlight future research opportunities. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases using combinations of keywords nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfide, placenta, uterus, labor, and pregnancy. We included English language publications on human and animal studies from any date through August 2018 and retained basic and translational articles with relevant original findings. All gasotransmitters activate cGMP signaling. NO and sulfide also covalently modify target protein cysteines. Protein kinases and ion channels transduce gasotransmitter signals, and co-expressed gasotransmitters can be synergistic or antagonistic depending on cell type. Gasotransmitters influence tubal transit, placentation, cervical remodeling, and myometrial contractility. NO, CO, and sulfide dilate resistance vessels, suppress inflammation, and relax myometrium to promote uterine quiescence and normal placentation. Cervical remodeling and rupture of fetal membranes coincide with enhanced oxidation and altered gasotransmitter metabolism. Mechanisms mediating cellular and organismal changes in pregnancy due to gasotransmitters are largely unknown. Altered gasotransmitter signaling has been reported for preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes, and preterm labor. However, in most cases specific molecular changes are not yet characterized. Nonclassical signaling pathways and the crosstalk among gasotransmitters are emerging investigation topics.

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Pleasants, A. B., and D. G. McCall. "Relationships among post-calving anoestrous interval, oestrous cycles, conception rates and calving date in Angus and Hereford × Friesian cows calving in six successive years." Animal Science 56, no. 2 (April 1993): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100021243.

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AbstractThe records of 1397 cows calving in the spring were collected in the years 1979 to 1984. They were from 638 Angus and 759 Hereford × Friesian cows, and were used to examine the dependencies of post-partum anoestrous interval (ppai), length of oestrous cycle after calving, and conception rate to each oestrus after calving.Two-year-old cows had longer ppai (P < 0·05) than older cows (76 v. 72 days), and Hereford × Friesian cows had shorter (P < 0·05) ppai than Angus cows (68 v. 72 days). Cows due to begin calving on 8 August (early calving) had longer (P < 0·01) ppai than cows due to begin calving on 19 September (71 v. 55 days).The linear regression between ppai and calving date (−0·60) did not differ between years, nor between early and late calving. Non-parametric regressions showed that the dependence between ppai and calving date was linear between plus or minus 20 days of the mean ppai in both early- and late-calving herds. Outside these limits variability of ppai increased and there was no relationship with calving date.The length of the first oestrous cycle after calving was 22 days in 2-year-old cows and 24 days in older cows. Second and third oestrous cycles after calving were 20 days for all breeds and age classes. There was a correlation of −0·41 between the ppai and the length of the first oestrous cycle after anoestrum. There was no significant deviation from normality of ppai or the succeeding post-partum oestrous cycle lengths.The conception rate to the first oestrus after calving was significantly lower (P < 0·01) than for later oestrous periods. The conception rate to first post-partum oestrus showed dependence on the ppai, logit regressions showing a 0·005 to 0·01 proportional improvement in conception at first oestrus per day increase in ppai.The significance of these results to the construction of mathematical models of reproduction in the beef cow is discussed.

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Wall-Wieler, Elizabeth, Thalia K. Robakis, Deirdre J. Lyell, Reem Masarwa, Robert W. Platt, and Suzan L. Carmichael. "Benzodiazepine use before conception and risk of ectopic pregnancy." Human Reproduction 35, no. 7 (June 3, 2020): 1685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa082.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are women who fill a benzodiazepine prescription before conception at increased risk of ectopic pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER Risk of ectopic pregnancy is 50% higher among women who fill a benzodiazepine prescription before conception. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Benzodiazepine use in pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, adverse birth outcomes and adverse child development outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Using data from US commercial insurance claims, we performed a cohort study of 1 691 366 pregnancies between 1 November 2008 and 30 September 2015. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We identified ectopic pregnancies using diagnosis and procedure codes and used unadjusted and inverse probability of treatment (IPT)-weighted log-binomial models to calculate relative risks (RR) of ectopic pregnancy for pregnant women who did and did not fill any prescriptions for benzodiazepines in the 90 days before conception. Two sub-groups of women with specific indications for benzodiazepine use were also examined—women who had a least one diagnosis for anxiety disorder and women who had at least one diagnosis of insomnia in the year before conception. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of the 1 691 366 pregnancies, 1.06% filled at least two benzodiazepine prescriptions totaling at least 10 days supply in the 90 days before conception. Among women with a benzodiazepine prescription, there was an excess of 80 ectopic pregnancies per 10 000 pregnancies, and their IPT-weighted risk of ectopic pregnancies was 1.47 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.63) times greater relative to women without benzodiazepine prescriptions before conception. The IPT-weighted RR between ectopic pregnancy and benzodiazepine use was 1.34 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.53) among women with anxiety disorder diagnoses and 1.28 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.68) among women with an insomnia diagnosis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We relied on outpatient prescription data to identify benzodiazepine use before conception, which could result in over- or under-estimation of actual benzodiazepine consumption. We relied on medical claim codes to identify pregnancies and conception date, which may result in misclassification of pregnancy outcomes and gestational length. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study found that women who have a benzodiazepine prescription before conception are at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. This information can help women, and their healthcare providers make more fully informed decisions about benzodiazepine use in their reproductive years. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding for this project was provided by a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship and a Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute Postdoctoral Award. Data access for this project was provided by the Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences Data Core. The PHS Data Core is supported by a National Institutes of Health National Center for Advancing Translational Science Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1 TR001085) and internal Stanford funding. The authors have no competing interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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Biller, Beverly M. K., Charlotte Höybye, Paul Carroll, Murray B. Gordon, Anna Camilla Birkegård, Nicky Kelepouris, Navid Nedjatian, and Matthias M. Weber. "Pregnancy outcomes in women receiving growth hormone replacement therapy enrolled in the NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) and the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program." Pituitary 24, no. 4 (March 12, 2021): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11102-021-01138-3.

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Abstract Purpose Data on the safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy during pregnancy are limited. We report a combined analysis of data from pregnant women treated with GH while enrolled in two non-interventional, multicenter studies: NordiNet® International Outcome Study (IOS) and the American Norditropin® Studies: Web-Enabled Research (ANSWER) Program. Methods Pregnancy data were pooled from NordiNet® IOS and the ANSWER Program. Data were collected during routine clinic visits by participating physicians using a web-based system. Patients exposed to GH replacement therapy during pregnancy were included in the analysis. Results The study population included 40 female patients with typical causes of adult GH deficiency (GHD). Overall, there were 54 pregnancies. Of these, 47 were exposed to GH between conception and delivery. In 48.9% of pregnancies exposed to GH, the dose was > 0.6 mg/day. GH was continued past conception and then stopped during the first, second, and third trimester, in 27.7%, 17.0%, and 2.1% of pregnancies, respectively. In 29.8%, GH was continued throughout pregnancy, with an unchanged dose in most cases. Of the 47 GH-exposed pregnancies, 37 (78.7%) progressed to normal delivery. There were three adverse events reported in two pregnancies. Conclusion These real-world data suggest that there were no new safety signals related to GH exposure in women with GHD during pregnancy. These results are consistent with findings from previous studies reporting data in pregnancies exposed to GH at conception or throughout pregnancy. This observational study in additional pregnancies provides further evidence that GH exposure does not adversely affect pregnancy outcome. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00960128 (date of registration: August 13, 2009) and NCT01009905 (date of registration: November 5, 2009).

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Granada, Miguel A. "Helisaeus Roeslin’s Chronological Conception and a New Manuscript Source." Early Science and Medicine 18, no. 3 (2013): 231–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-0009a0001.

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Helisaeus Roeslin’s manuscript Speculum et harmonia mundi, Das ist Wellt Spiegel Erster Theil (1579) was conceived as part of a broader project comprising a Speculum ecclesiae as well as a Speculum naturae. This project was connected with a Chronology aiming to establish the precise date of the most important events in history as well as to advance some conjectures about the approaching eschatological future. This article presents some recent discoveries that shed new light on Roeslin’s chronological work after 1579, most importantly the incontrovertible attribution to Roeslin of the anonymous manuscript De potestatibus orbis Christiani, et politicis et ecclesiasticis, Discursus (1580). Here Roeslin presented his discovery of the numerical proportions governing the numbers of spiritual and temporal potestates in the three historical periods (Void, Law and Gospel), affirming that these numbers were now nearly fullfilled, along with their ensuing eschatological implications. We show how Roeslin published this discovery in his Kurtz Bedencken (1583) against the calendar reform and again in 1612 in a short tract on the occasion of the coronation of Emperor Matthias I. The article focuses in particular on the appended broadsheet Tabella des Welt Spiegels, which displayed the completion and culmination of history, according to the astronomical revolutions of the planets as well as the numbers of temporal and spiritual governors.

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Verstraeten, Guido JM, and Willem W. Verstraeten. "From Citizen to Cytizen. How to Escape from Cyberstates?" International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i1.2695.

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The Modern Western state is characterized by unmediated individual access to wellness, health, safety and liberal human rights. The Newtonian conception of space and time makes formal room for a discursive public area with the citizen and the public institutes in the margin, while participation and ethical responsibility is a prejudice of good citizenship. It is a necessary condition of consistency and coherence of the nation. To date, global migration and multiculturalism threaten those necessary basic conditions of Western states´ political equilibrium. To challenge the actual global phenomena national states transform into virtual places of fear dominated by cybernetics, digital bureaucracy while citizen’s identity is mirrored by the efficiency and unisexual beauty ideal of cyborgs. The substantive conception of technology is government’s tool box to realize the cyberstate while citizen reduce to “cytizen”.In order to escape from this global grey, we propose a different conception of space and time namely the Leibnizian conception of pluralistic independent participating worlds. Moreover, we modify Leopold’s Land-Ethics by introducing the transpersonal identification claim of Warwick Fox inside the common Land so-called eco-homeland while the care for the foreigner serves as paradigmatic core attitude to all participants of the eco-homeland. So we constitute a common eco-refuge, similar to the ideas of Bookchin´s eco- anarchistic ideas but avoiding his dialectic ideal conception of the Land and its participants.

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Raj, Aman Deep, Roshni Abichandani, and Harish Sethi. "Relationship of lunar phases and sex of the foetus: a retrospective study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 3023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212948.

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Background: The relation of lunar phases at the time of conception to the sex of the child at birth has been touted as a method of sex selection by various birth calendars with controversial results. It is made to believe that indeed there is a relation of lunar phase at the time of conception/intercourse which results in birth of a particular gender. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the lunar phase on the possible relationship between lunar position at EDD/LMP and the gender of the child.Methods: One thousand and five deliveries were retrospectively analysed from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of military hospital, Gwalior (latitude and longitude coordinates: 26.218287, 78.182831). Females having regular menstrual periods history around conception and in general their periods have been normal and regular were included in the study. Females having irregular menstrual periods history or having oligomenorrhoea/polymenorrhoea, ART/IVF conceptions were excluded from the study. Exact lunar phases were determined at the time of EDD and not with their LMP since that would automatically corelate well with LMP because of regularity of their periods. The actual date of birth was not considered while corelating with moon phase because of obvious reason of unexpected timing of labour.Results: The analysis revealed no significant correlation of gender of the child to lunar phases at EDD. This would indirectly corelate well with the LMP since the inclusion criterion had females having normal and regular menstrual periods.Conclusions: There is no predictable influence of the lunar phase on the gender of the baby. As expected, and in agreement with some recent studies this pervasive myth is not evidence based.

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Gjessing, Håkon K., Per Grøttum, Inger Økland, and Sturla H. Eik-Nes. "Comment and reply on: Prediction of the date of delivery based on first trimester ultrasound measurements: an independent method from estimated date of conception." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 23, no. 8 (December 18, 2009): 944–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767050903420309.

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Adam, Clare L., and Carol E. Moir. "A note on the effect of birth date on the performance of suckled red deer calves and their dams on low-ground pasture." Animal Science 44, no. 2 (April 1987): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100018729.

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The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is a seasonal breeder, mating mainly in October and calving in June. This timing is advantageous to wild deer on the hill in that the relatively high nutritional demands of lactation may be met from the abundance of summer vegetation. On low-ground pastures, however, there is an earlier start to the grazing season and the deer farmer may benefit from being able to advance calving dates. Recent research work has shown that exogenous hormone therapy can advance the breeding season in female red deer (Adam and Atkinson, 1984; Adam, Moir and Atkinson, 1985; Nowak, Elmhirst Webster and Barrell, conception and hence and Rodway, 1985; Webster; and Barrell, 1985) and that conception and hence calving dates can indeed also be advanced (Adam, 1985; Adam, Moir and Atkinson, 1986). This paper reports the effects of birth date on the performance of suckled calves and their dams under farm conditions.

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Felska‐Błaszczyk, Lidia, Bogdan Lasota, and Beata Seremak. "Conception rates in farm mink ( Neovison vison ) in relation to first mating date, age and color variety." Animal Science Journal 87, no. 7 (October 5, 2015): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12517.

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Larsen, R. E., R. Littell, E. Rooks, E. L. Adams, C. Falcon, and A. C. Warnick. "Bull influences on conception percentage and calving date in Angus Hereford, Brahman and Senepol single-sire herds." Theriogenology 34, no. 3 (September 1990): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(90)90011-h.

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Guédon-Gracia, A., H. Debéda, and J. Tomas. "Les cartes d’extension PCBmod : conception et applications pédagogiques VHDL et micro-assemblage." J3eA 18 (2019): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/j3ea/20191011.

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Nous avons développé et fabriqué des cartes d’extension compatibles avec les connecteurs Pmod des cartes de développement FPGA de la société Digilent. Ces cartes sont appelées PCBmod et sont au nombre de quatre actuellement. Elles intègrent respectivement des convertisseurs, des capteurs de température et de pression ainsi qu’un circuit date-calendrier ; tous ces composants possèdent un protocole de communication SPI. Ces PCBmod sont utilisés au niveau Master en tant qu’exemple d’application lors du stage micro-assemblage, et en tant que périphériques divers et variés lors de TP et projet VHDL.

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Ilyukhin, VI I., and T. V. Senina. "MELIOIDOSIS: RESULTS OF CENTENARY STUDY, MODERN PROBLEMS AND NEAREST PERSPECTIVES." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 17, no. 5 (October 15, 2012): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40720.

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The paper summarizes the data on scientific investigations of melioidosis from the date of its discovery by A. Whitmore in 1912 up to now. The particular attention has been attracted to the modern conception of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment of the disease and also ecology of its agent (Burkholderia pseudomallei). The nearest perspectives on organizational, methodical and scientific developments on prophylaxis and treatment of this particularly dangerous infectious diseases are suggested.

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48

Trebichalská, Zuzana, and Zuzana Holubcová. "Perfect date—the review of current research into molecular bases of mammalian fertilization." Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 37, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-019-01679-4.

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AbstractFertilization is a multistep process during which two terminally differentiated haploid cells, an egg and a sperm, combine to produce a totipotent diploid zygote. In the early 1950s, it became possible to fertilize mammalian eggs in vitro and study the sequence of cellular and molecular events leading to embryo development. Despite all the achievements of assisted reproduction in the last four decades, remarkably little is known about the molecular aspects of human conception. Current fertility research in animal models is casting more light on the complexity of the process all our lives start with. This review article provides an update on the investigation of mammalian fertilization and highlights the practical implications of scientific discoveries in the context of human reproduction and reproductive medicine.

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49

Řehák, D., R. Rajmon, M. Kubešová, M. Štípková, J. Volek, and F. Jílek. "Relationships between milk urea and production and fertility traits in Holstein dairy herds in the Czech Republic." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 5 (May 19, 2009): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1664-cjas.

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The objective of this study was to determine how the concentration of milk urea (MU) and FPCM production affect reproduction in selected Holstein dairy herds in the Czech Republic. A retrospective, observational study comprising analyses of individual cow records from monthly dairy herd improvement (DHI) milk tests including milk urea (MU) concentration was conducted in six commercial Holstein dairy herds in cows that were bred from July 2000 to August 2003. A total of 1 333 cows with available breeding date, pregnancy status, and calving to first service interval from 31 to 150 days were selected. The data were evaluated using the mixed linear model and logistic analyses. The effect of MU concentration on the probability of conception at first service was not significant (P = 0.11). The results indicated a nonlinear relationship between MU concentration and the probability of conception. A significant effect of the length of calving to first service interval (P < 0.05) and FPCM (P < 0.05) was determined. The cows with the calving to first service interval longer than 2 months had higher probability of conception (10% higher). In the group with the highest FPCM a markedly lower level of successful pregnancy was determined (38.99%), which significantly differed from the group with average FPCM production (48.53%). The probability of conception at first service in the group with the lowest FPCM is at an average level (43.55%).

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50

Fahey, Jack, John M. Morton, Martin J. Auldist, and Keith L. Macmillan. "Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15777.

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High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.

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