Статті в журналах: "DC-DC converters (LLC and DAB)"

1

Li, Zimeng, Mingxue Li, Yushun Zhao, Zixiang Wang, Dongsheng Yu, and Ruidong Xu. "An Optimized Control Method of Soft-Switching and No Backflow Power for LLC Resonant-Type Dual-Active-Bridge DC-DC Converters." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020287.

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The LLC-type resonant dual-active-bridge (LLC-DAB) DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain, high power density, and low backflow power has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, its soft-switching and backflow power problems are still not solved, so the improvements to these problems are studied in this paper. Based on the dual phase shift (DPS) modulation method, the operating characteristics are analyzed, and a soft-switching and no backflow power modulation curve is established based on the voltage-current time-domain characteristics. On this basis, a soft-switching and no backflow power optimized control method based on DPS modulation is proposed to achieve soft-switching operation and eliminate backflow power. Due to the complex time-domain characteristics of the resonant tank voltage and current, the relationship between the phase shift ratios is fitted and optimized with this method based on the soft-switching and no backflow power characteristic curve, and the optimized results of the phase shift ratio under different operating conditions are obtained. The simulation results indicate that the soft-switching operation of the LLC-DAB converter can be achieved with the optimized control method proposed in this paper, and the backflow power is effectively eliminated.

2

Mukherjee, Satyaki, Ashish Kumar, and Sombuddha Chakraborty. "Comparison of DAB and LLC DC–DC Converters in High-Step-Down Fixed-Conversion-Ratio (DCX) Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 4 (April 2021): 4383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2020.3019796.

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3

Liu, Chuang, Haiyang Liu, Guowei Cai, Shumei Cui, Haijun Liu, and Hang Yao. "Novel Hybrid LLC Resonant and DAB Linear DC–DC Converter: Average Model and Experimental Verification." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 9 (September 2017): 6970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2682784.

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4

Wang, Minglong, Shangzhi Pan, Xiaoming Zha, Jinwu Gong, Wenqiang Lin, Jingmin Gao, and Qipeng Deng. "Hybrid Control Strategy for an Integrated DAB–LLC–DCX DC–DC Converter to Achieve Full-Power-Range Zero-Voltage Switching." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36, no. 12 (December 2021): 14383–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2021.3086633.

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5

Ríos, Sara J., Daniel J. Pagano, and Kevin E. Lucas. "Bidirectional Power Sharing for DC Microgrid Enabled by Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020404.

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Currently, high-performance power conversion requirements are of increasing interest in microgrid applications. In fact, isolated bidirectional dc-dc converters are widely used in modern dc distribution systems. The dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter is identified as one of the most promising converter topology for the mentioned applications, due to its benefits of high power density, electrical isolation, bidirectional power flow, zero-voltage switching, and symmetrical structure. This study presents a power management control scheme in order to ensure the power balance of a dc microgrid in stand-alone operation, where the renewable energy source (RES) and the battery energy storage (BES) unit are interfaced by DAB converters. The power management algorithm, as introduced in this work, selects the proper operation of the RES system and BES system, based on load/generation power and state-of-charge of the battery conditions. Moreover, a nonlinear robust control strategy is proposed when the DAB converters are in voltage-mode-control in order to enhance the dynamic performance and robustness of the common dc-bus voltage, in addition to overcoming the instability problems that are caused by constant power loads and the dynamic interactions of power electronic converters. The simulation platform is developed in MATLAB/Simulink, where a photovoltaic system and battery system are selected as the typical RES and BES, respectively. Assessments on the performance of the proposed control scheme are conducted. Comparisons with the other control method are also provided.

6

Suzuki, Tekehiro, Kohji Higuchi, and Kamon Jirasereeamornkul. "Design of A2DOF Controller with Smith Predictor for LLC Current-Resonant DC-DC Converters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.422.

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LLC current-resonant converters have greater non-linear characteristics as compared to conventional DC-DC converters. Thus controlling LLC converters is difficult. In particular, the influence of an input delay time isn’t negligible at heavy load. In this paper, an A2DOF (Approximate 2-Degree-Of Freedom) controller with Simith predictor is proposed to compensate the input delay time of LLC current-resonant DC-DC converter. Experimental studies using a microprocessor for the controller demonstrate that this type of digital controller is effective to suppress the influences of the input delay time and the output variations at the sudden load change.

7

Ding, Huaxing, Guibin Zou, Ning Ding, and Chuanjie Wang. "Study of the IPOS DC/DC Converter for DC Offshore Wind Farm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2320, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2320/1/012016.

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Abstract With the development of the offshore wind farms, DC offshore wind farm topology is getting more attention due to its low loss and light weight, where the DC/DC converters with high voltage gain are key equipments. This paper studies the Input-Parallel-Output-Series(IPOS) converter based on Dual-Active-Bridge(DAB) topology, discusses the modulation and control method of the converter, and proposes a fault ride-through scheme. Simulation results validate the proposed topologies and control schemes.

8

ElMenshawy, Mena, and Ahmed Massoud. "Medium-Voltage DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Bus Fast Charging Stations: State-of-the-Art Review." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 5487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155487.

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With the expansion of E-mobility technology, the demand for Medium-Voltage (MV) Electric Buses (E-buses) charging infrastructure has significantly increased. In this regard, the effective connection of E-bus chargers to a medium voltage power grid is essential to provide fast charging and carry out multiple charging processes simultaneously. One of the main building blocks for E-bus charging is the DC-DC converter stage responsible for regulating the power flow and matching the different voltage and power levels. Accordingly, this paper presents a comprehensive review of DC-DC converter topologies applicable to MV E-bus fast charging. This review discusses and compares the basic isolated DC-DC converter topologies. In addition, the DC-DC converters are classified based on their conversion stages. Moreover, isolated DC-DC converter topologies applicable for MV E-bus fast charging applications, including Dual Active Bridge (DAB) modular-based structure converter and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based DAB, are discussed where the merits and demerits of each topology are highlighted. Moreover, this review illustrates how DAB converters are employed in different power level applications through the multimodule converter or the MMC-based DAB structure. Furthermore, the challenges and required features for MV DC-DC converter topologies are discussed.

9

Nam, Nguyen Ngoc, and Sung Hyun Kim. "Robust Tracking Control of Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converters with Parameter Uncertainties and Input Saturation." Mathematics 10, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10244719.

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This paper proposes a method for robust tracking control synthesis of dual-active-bridge (DAB) DC–DC converters with parameter uncertainties and input saturation. In the proposed method, the nonlinear function of the phase shift ratio is expressed as a control input, and the phase shift ratio is determined by the one-to-one relationship with the control input. Especially, the proposed method is developed with consideration of the input saturation phenomenon that occurs physically in the phase shift ratio of DAB DC–DC converters. Furthermore, based on the proposed method, a set of exponential constrained stabilization conditions for DAB DC–DC converter systems with parameter uncertainties is provided to ensure a fast convergence rate. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method, various simulation results are provided and compared with the well-known improved model phase shift control (IMPSC) and load current feedforward (LCFF) control methods.

10

Tran, Thanh Nhat Trung, Wen-Yan Chang, and Jian-Min Wang. "Dual-Mode Control Scheme to Improve Light Load Efficiency for Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converters Using Single-Phase-Shift Control." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 12356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312356.

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In vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications, dual active bridge (DAB) converters are commonly used as the power interface because they offer high efficiency, galvanic isolation, and bidirectional power flow. For the DAB control strategy, phase-shift control is the mainstream, especially the single-phase-shift (SPS) method because of its ease of implementation. However, due to the phase shift, a DAB converter operated under this control method has relatively high backflow power, resulting in poor efficiency. The SPS control method has the drawback of high backflow power, especially at light loads. Thus, this paper proposes a new dual-mode control scheme to improve the light load efficiency of DAB converters by taking advantage of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy in combination with the conventional SPS strategy for DAB converters based on load conditions. In other words, when the DAB converter operates under light load conditions, the PWM control strategy is used to avoid considerable backflow power. A prototype DAB converter with a power rating of 1 kW under a switching frequency of 100 kHz interfacing a DC bus (400 V) and a battery pack (50 V) is designed and implemented to verify the feasibility of this control strategy. A detailed analysis of the working principle and design parameters of the proposed converter is provided in this paper. Experimental results show that the highest efficiency of the proposed converter at light loads (10–200 W) was 96.2% for the forward power conversion and 97.3% for the backward power conversion.

11

Kato, Hisatsugu, Yoichi Ishizuka, Kohei Ueda, Shotaro Karasuyama, and Atsushi Ogasahara. "Design Technique of High Power Efficiency LLC DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic Cells." Journal of Energy Technology Research 2, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22496/jetr.v2i1.118.

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This paper proposes a design technique of high power efficiency LLC DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic Cells. The secondary side circuit and transformer fabrication of proposed circuit are optimized for overcoming the disadvantage of limited input voltage range and, realizing high power efficiency over a wide load range of LLC DC-DC converters. The optimized technique is described with theoretically and with simulation results. Some experimental results have been obtained with the prototype circuit designed for the 80 - 400 V input voltage range. The maximum power efficiency is 98 %.

12

Ruiz-Robles, Dante, Vicente Venegas-Rebollar, Adolfo Anaya-Ruiz, Edgar Moreno-Goytia, and Juan Rodríguez-Rodríguez. "Design and Prototyping Medium-Frequency Transformers Featuring a Nanocrystalline Core for DC–DC Converters." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082081.

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Medium frequency transformers (MFTs) are a key component of DC–DC dual active bridge (DAB)-type converters. These technologies are becoming a quintessential part of renewable energy solutions, such as photovoltaic systems and wind energy power plants, as well as in modern power grid interfaces functioning as solid-state transformers in smart-grid environments. The weight and physical dimensions of an MFT are key data for the design of these devices. The size of an MFT is reduced by increasing its operating frequency. This reduction implicates higher power density through the transformer windings, as well as other design requirements distinct to those used for conventional 60/50 Hz transformers; therefore, new MFT design procedures are needed. This paper introduces a novel methodology for designing MFTs, using nanocrystalline cores, and tests it using an MFT–DAB lab prototype. Different to other MFT design procedures, this new design approach uses a modified version of the area-product technique, which consists of smartly modifying the core losses computation, and includes nanocrystalline cores. The core losses computation is supported by a full analysis of the dispersion inductance. For purposes of validation, a model MFT connected to a DAB converter is simulated in Matlab-Simulink (The MathWorks, v2014a, Mexico City, Mexico). In addition, a MFT–DAB lab prototype (1 kVA at 5 kHz) is implemented to experimentally probe further the validity of the methodology just proposed. These results demonstrate that the analytic calculations results match those obtained from simulations and lab experiments. In all cases, the efficiency of the MFT is greater than 99%.

13

Mohammed Dobi, Abdulhakeem, and Mohd Rodhi Sahid. "Non-isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter with balanced rectifying current and stress." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp698-706.

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<p><span>In isolated type LLC resonant converters, transformer leakage inductances can be merged with the resonant inductor to extend the ZVS capability of the switches apart from isolation and voltage scaling. However, the transformer presents a resonant imbalance in the secondary side leading to secondary current unbalance, an increase in RMS value of the secondary current and increase thermal stress. This paper proposed a half-bridge non-isolated LLC resonant converter with a balanced rectifying current and stress in the rectifier diodes. The proposed converter can achieve the most advantages of isolated LLC converters, such as ZVS and low MOSFET turn-off loss. By the non-isolation method, secondary current and, transformer loss is significantly reduced. In addition, rectifier diodes operate with zero current switching and balanced rectifying current and stress over the entire operating range. The proposed non-isolated structure is verified by the experimental result with a 60W LLC resonant converter. </span></p>

14

Cheong, Yanni, Shuyu Cao, Ramasamy Thaiyal Naayagi, and Szesing Lee. "Triple Phase Shift Control of Wireless Charging DAB LCC Resonant Converter for Unity Power Factor Operation with Optimized Rectifier AC Load Resistance." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 11871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211871.

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This paper presents a new triple phase shift (TPS) closed-loop control scheme of a dual active bridge (DAB) LCC resonant DC/DC converter to improve wireless charging power transfer efficiency. The primary side inverter phase shift angle regulates the battery charging current/voltage. The secondary side rectifier phase shift angle regulates the rectifier AC load resistance to match its optimized setting. The inverter-to-rectifier phase shift angle is set to achieve unity power factor operation of the DAB rectifier and inverter. The mathematical formulation of the TPS shift control is given for each phase shift angle. The analytical calculation, circuit simulation, and experimental test are carried out in a power scaled-down DAB LCC resonant wireless charging converter laboratory hardware setup to validate the proposed TPS close-loop control scheme. The PLECS circuit simulation shows that DAB LCC resonant SiC MOSFET operates at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) with a unity power factor in emulated constant current (CC) mode battery charging. In constant voltage (CV) mode operation, one inverter/rectifier Leg does not operate at ZVS switching when Sic MOSFET is switched on near zero current. The experimental results show that the efficiency is greatly improved for CV mode charging with large DC load resistance connected if rectifier AC load resistance matching control is enabled. The measured efficiency matches well with the analytical calculation. The estimated efficiency improvement will be much more significant for EV applications in the kW power range with greater winding loss. The challenges and possible solutions to implement TPS PWM modulation in two separate inverter and rectifier control hardware are explained for future TPS control algorithm development in practical wireless charging products.

15

Jang, Jinhaeng, Syam Pidaparthy, and Byungcho Choi. "Current Mode Control for LLC Series Resonant DC-to-DC Converters." Energies 8, no. 6 (June 18, 2015): 6098–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8066098.

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16

Wei, Shusheng, and Wusong Wen. "High-Frequency Oscillation of the Active-Bridge-Transformer-Based DC/DC Converter." Energies 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093311.

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The dual-active-bridge converter (DAB) has attracted tremendous attention in recent years. However, its EMI issues, especially the high-frequency oscillation (HFO) induced by the dv/dt and parasitic elements of the transformer, are significant challenges. The multi-active-bridge converter (MAB) based on the multi-winding transformer also faces similar problems, which are even more complicated. This article investigates the HFO of active-bridge-transformer-based DC/DC converters including DAB and MAB. Firstly, the general HFO model is studied using the analysis of the AC equivalent circuit considering the asymmetrical parameters. Ignoring the AC resistance in the circuit, the high-order model of the voltage oscillation could be reduced to a second-order system. Based on the simplified model, the oscillation voltage generated by an active bridge is analyzed in the time domain. Then, a universal active voltage-oscillation-suppression method-selected harmonic-elimination phase-shift (SHE PS) modulation method is proposed. The impacts of the system parameters on the method are also revealed. The experimental results show the excellent performance of the proposed active suppression method, with voltage spike amplitude (VSA) reductions of 92.1% and 77.8% for the DAB and MAB prototypes, respectively.

17

Ataullah, Haris, Taosif Iqbal, Ihsan Ullah Khalil, Usman Ali, Vojtech Blazek, Lukas Prokop, and Nasim Ullah. "Analysis of the Dual Active Bridge-Based DC-DC Converter Topologies, High-Frequency Transformer, and Control Techniques." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 8944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238944.

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A power conversion system needs high efficiency for modern-day applications. A DC–DC isolated bidirectional dual active bridge-based converter promises high efficiency and reliability. There are several converter topologies available in the market claiming to be the best of their type, so it is essential to choose from them based on the best possible result for operation in a variety of applications. As a result, this article examines the characteristics, functionality, and benefits of dual active bridge-based DC–DC converter topologies and the other members of the family, as well as their limits and future advances. A high-frequency transformer is also an important device that is popular due to high leakage inductance in dual active bridge (DAB) converters. Therefore, a detailed review is presented, and after critical analysis, minimized leakage inductance in the toroidal transformer is obtained using the ANSYS Maxwell platform. Furthermore, this work includes a comprehensive examination of the control approaches for DAB converters, which is important for selecting the most appropriate technique for a certain application. The outcome of ANSYS Maxwell is integrated with a DAB-based boost inverter in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results are validated with the help of an experimental prototype.

18

Park, Chang Hee, Sung Ho Cho, Jinhaeng Jang, Syam Kumar Pidaparthy, Taeyoung Ahn, and Byungcho Choi. "Average Current Mode Control for LLC Series Resonant DC-to-DC Converters." Journal of Power Electronics 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/jpe.2014.14.1.40.

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19

Shi, Weichao, and Haiyan Zhang. "Research on Optimal Control of Dual Active Full-Bridge DCDC Converters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012063.

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The dual active full-bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter is an important module for realizing bidirectional energy transmission. At present, it has been widely used in solid-state transformers, DC microgrids, electric vehicle charging piles and other fields. It can carry out high-capacity transmission, and can electrically insulate the primary and secondary sides, and has a wide range of uses.

20

Patel, Nishankumar Rajendrabhai, Junaid Rehman, Zuhaib Alam, Masroor Munsif Qureshi, and Shubash Kumar. "Design and Development of Bidirectional DC-DC Dual Active Bridge Converter for Energy Storage Systems." Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (June 8, 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51846/vol5iss2pp28-35.

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The ever-increasing demand for renewable energy resources as compared to conventional means of energy generation has resulted in a growing demand for more efficient power storage systems and applications. However, this necessitates the use of different converters that must be employed to achieve efficient voltage conversions right from the generation stage to the point power is stored in the battery banks. To achieve efficient conversions of the voltage levels, Bidirectional DC-DC Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) converters can be employed. Accordingly, this research work involves use of a closed-loop PI controller for controlling the outputs of a DC-DC converter and compensating for the load disturbances. The Simulink-derived results indicate the input & output characteristics of the converter to achieve the design of a controller that is capable of providing significant tracking reference command without undergoing steady-state error, thereby offering a fast transient response. Hence, by maximizing the performance of the converter, the controller resolves the issues identified in the output current. The system was also implemented on a 400W laboratory experimental model with a view to additionally validate its performance effectiveness. As a whole, a DAB system was successfully designed, simulated, implemented and analyzed for employing in various energy storage applications

21

ElMenshawy, Mena, and Ahmed Massoud. "Hybrid Multimodule DC-DC Converters for Ultrafast Electric Vehicle Chargers." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 4949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184949.

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To increase the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), significant efforts in terms of reducing the charging time are required. Consequently, ultrafast charging (UFC) stations require extensive investigation, particularly considering their higher power level requirements. Accordingly, this paper introduces a hybrid multimodule DC-DC converter-based dual-active bridge (DAB) topology for EV-UFC to achieve high-efficiency and high-power density. The hybrid concept is achieved through employing two different groups of multimodule converters. The first is designed to be in charge of a high fraction of the total required power, operating at a relatively low switching frequency, while the second is designed for a small fraction of the total power, operating at a relatively high switching frequency. To support the power converter controller design, a generalized small-signal model for the hybrid converter is studied. Also, cross feedback output current sharing (CFOCS) control for the hybrid input-series output-parallel (ISOP) converters is examined to ensure uniform power-sharing and ensure the desired fraction of power handled by each multimodule group. The control scheme for a hybrid eight-module ISOP converter of 200 kW is investigated using a reflex charging scheme. The power loss analysis of the hybrid converter is provided and compared to conventional multimodule DC-DC converters. It has been shown that the presented converter can achieve both high efficiency (99.6%) and high power density (10.3 kW/L), compromising between the two other conventional converters. Simulation results are provided using the MatLab/Simulink software to elucidate the presented concept considering parameter mismatches.

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Xie, Di, Liangliang Wang, Zhi Zhang, Shoumo Wang, Longyun Kang, and Jigang Yao. "Photovoltaic Energy Storage System Based on Bidirectional LLC Resonant Converter Control Technology." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 6436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176436.

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Bidirectional DC/DC converters are widely adopted in new energy power generation systems. Because of the low conversion efficiency and non-isolation for conventional, bidirectional DC/DC converters in the photovoltaic energy storage complementary system, this paper proposes a bidirectional isolation LLC converter topology, with compensating inductance for the energy storage system; it has excellent characteristics, such as wide input voltage range and soft switching in full-load range. First, an AC equivalent model based on the fundamental wave equivalent method is established to derive the voltage gain. Meanwhile, a small signal model is also built to design a reasonably closed-looped controller. Finally, the improved bidirectional LLC resonant converter is applied to the photovoltaic energy storage complementary system. The correctness and feasibility for the bidirectional LLC converter topology under the proposed charging and discharging control strategy of the DC bus are verified by simulation and experimental results.

23

Lei, Tao, Zicun Lin, Xiaobin Zhang, and Longchun Li. "Application of Thermal Balance Phase-Shift Control Strategy to Dual-Active-Bridge DC-DC Converter." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 6 (December 2018): 1129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183661129.

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With the development of the more/All electrical aircraft technology, the dual active bridge converter has been applied to the energy storage device to realize the bidirectional power flow in aircraft electrical system. The power loss of power device in DAB converter affects the operational life of the device and the reliability of the converter. So it is an important performance index to keep the temperature balance for power device in DAB converter. In this paper, the operational mode of dual active bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter in extended-phase-shift (EPS) control is analyzed and verified by experiment, find the reasons for difficult to achieve soft-switching under light load conditions, then proposes a novel thermal balance phase-shift control strategy on the basis of EPS. Experimental methods in this paper are alternation control mode and temperature feedback control mode. The thermal image and temperature was analyzed. The efficiency curve was plotted. The switching waveform was observed. the thermal balance was achieved to verify the effectiveness. and finally achieves the goal for improving the converter efficiency, reduces the devices heat stress, improves the reliability of the DAB converters and increases device lifetime.

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Ashfaq, Muhammad Husnain, Zulfiqar Ali Memon, Muhammad Akmal Chaudhary, Muhammad Talha, Jeyraj Selvaraj, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, and Muhammad Majid Hussain. "Robust Dynamic Control of Constant-Current-Source-Based Dual-Active-Bridge DC/DC Converter Used for Off-Board EV Charging." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 8850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238850.

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Due to the high power density, inherent zero-voltage-switching (ZVS), and high voltage-conversation ratio, the current source-based isolated dual-active-bridge DAB–DC/DC converters are extensively used for charging EVs under constant-current mode. However, the fast dynamic response of an output current is a crucial requirement for dual-active-bridge DC/DC converters operating as a constant-current source. This study proposes a fast current controller (FCC) for tracking the desired output current under various input/output parameter disturbances/variations. The proposed control strategy can ensure a fast transient response with negligible overshoot/undershoot for output current during start-up and when there are variations in the load or input voltage. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of the current control against change in the reference current value has also been improved. A constant-current-based DAB–DC/DC converter is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software and a scaled-down 300 W lab prototype DAB–DC/DC converter is designed with the TMS320F28335 DSP controller of Texas Instruments. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed current controller, different test cases, such as a change in the load, a change in the input voltage, and a change in the desired output current, are considered. Moreover, under these test cases, the proposed current-control strategy is compared with the conventional proportional–integral (PI) current controller, model-based phase-shift controller (MBPS), and load current feed-forward controller (LCFF). Both the experimental and simulation results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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Zhou, Kai, Yang Liu, and Xiaogang Wu. "Research on Wide Input Voltage LLC Resonant Converter and Compound Control Strategy." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 3379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203379.

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This paper presents a wide input voltage vehicle DC/DC converter based on an LLC resonant converter for a 48 V light hybrid power system. According to the design requirements of on-board DC/DC converters and an analysis of their system characteristics, a full-bridge LLC resonant converter is employed with a zero-voltage activation of the switching transistors through resonant elements. In terms of the control strategy, the unsatisfactory high-frequency regulation gain of an LLC resonant converter is analyzed under the frequency modulation (FM) control strategy. In addition, to accommodate wide input voltage operating conditions, a composite control strategy is proposed by combining the advantages of the frequency modulation control strategy and phase shift control strategy, analyzing their control principles, and discussing the selection of the control mode switching point. By modeling LLC resonant converters with simulation software, the obtained results verify the effectiveness of the composite control strategy for LLC resonant converters. An experimental platform based on the TMS320F28335 controller, which can achieve stable operation with an input voltage in the range of 300 V–600 V and an output voltage of 48 V, is then built. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the design.

26

Hinov, Nikolay, Bogdan Gilev, and Tsveti Hranov. "Model-Based Optimization of an LLC-Resonant DC-DC Converter." Electronics 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070799.

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The study presented in the paper is to guarantee the performance of the LLC DC-DC converter using model-based optimization. The primary scope of the study is to maintain the output parameters regardless of the variation of the values of the circuit elements. In engineering practice, it is known that any schematic element cannot be reproduced with an absolute accuracy of features. In addition, its main parameters change during operation due to changes in operating temperature, aging, operating modes and so on. Optimization procedures are a tool for finding the most appropriate values for circuit elements, with selected constraints, target functions and operating modes. In electronic converters, these are most often: minimal loss, maximum efficiency, the critical-aperiodic transition process, realization of certain dynamics, appropriate modes of operation and so on. The results obtained show that using the proposed approach produces more robustness to disturbances and tolerances, with improved dynamics and faster transient processes. On the other hand, the value of the circuit elements is smaller, and reliable operation of the protection and automatic regulation systems is achieved.

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Hariya, Akinori, Ken Matsuura, Hiroshige Yanagi, Satoshi Tomioka, Yoichi Ishizuka, and Tamotsu Ninomiya. "Considerations of Physical Design and Implementation for 5 MHz-100 W LLC Resonant DC-DC Converters." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4027406.

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Recently, high power-density, high power-efficiency, and wide regulation range isolated DC-DC converters have been required. This paper presents considerations of physical design and implementation for wide regulation range MHz-level LLC resonant DC-DC converters. The circuit parameters are designed with 3–5 MHz-level switching frequency. Also, the physical parameters and the size of the planar transformer are optimized by using derived equations and finite element method (FEM) with Maxwell 3D. Some experiments are done with prototype LLC resonant DC-DC converter using gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN-HEMTs); the input voltage is 42–53 V, the reference output voltage is 12 V, the load current is 8 A, the maximum switching frequency is about 5 MHz, the total volume of the circuit is 4.1 cm3, and the power density of the prototype converter is 24.4 W/cc.

28

Rolak, Michał, Maciej Twardy, and Cezary Soból. "Generalized Average Modeling of a Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter with Triple-Phase-Shift Modulation." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 6092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166092.

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This paper shows an elaboration of an equivalent electrical circuit of a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) and its application as a versatile tool for steady-states analysis in wide range of operating conditions. This work analyses the converter which is controlled with a coherently defined Triple Phase-Shift (TPS) modulation which allows appropriate switching functions to be written, thus enabling the circuit’s state-space equations to be derived. Due to this approach, a Fourier series expansion may be easily applied to utilize Generalized Averaged Modeling (GAM)—a convenient method for modeling resonant and quasi-resonant power converters. Moreover, this paper shows the utilization of the GAM model higher harmonics’ complex magnitudes to calculate the steady-state power characteristics for bidirectional operation; additionally, a method for a particular state variable waveform signal reconstruction is presented. All the discussed model properites are validated with a 1.5 kW 100 kHz SiC-based DAB prototype.

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Pidaparthy, Syam K., Jinhaeng Jang, and Byungcho Choi. "Push–pull mode digital control for LLC series resonant dc‐to‐dc converters." IET Power Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 2015): 2115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0705.

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30

Choi, Hyun-jun, Won-bin Lee, and Jee-hoon Jung. "Practical Controller Design of Three-Phase Dual Active Bridge Converter for Low Voltage DC Distribution System." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122101.

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In a low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system, isolated bi-directional DC-DC converters are key devices to control power flows. A three-phase dual-active-bridge (3P-DAB) converter is one of the suitable candidates due to inherent soft-switching capability, low conduction loss, and high-power density. However, the 3P-DAB converter requires a well-designed controller due to the influence of the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of an output filter capacitor, degrading the performance of the 3P-DAB converter in terms of high-frequency noise. Unfortunately, there is little research that considers the practical design methodology of the 3P-DAB converter’s controller because of its complexity. In this paper, the influence of the ESR on the 3P-DAB converter is presented. Additionally, the generalized average small-signal model (SSM) of the 3P-DAB converter including the ESR of the capacitive output filter is presented. Based on this model, an extended small-signal model and appropriate controller design guide, and performance comparison are presented based on the frequency domain analysis. Finally, experimental results verify the validity of the proposed controller using a 25 kW prototype 3P-DAB converter.

31

Chen, Gengxin, Nuoman Xu, Li Yuan, Muhammad Humayun, and Muhammad Mansoor Khan. "A DC-DC Center-Tapped Resonant Dual-Active Bridge with Two Modulation Techniques." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101699.

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Power converters with higher efficiency in a wide load range are important for reducing the overall energy consumption of renewable energy generation systems. A center-tapped LC series resonant dual-active bridge (LC-DAB) converter for DC-DC conversion is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter utilizes a center-tapped bridge to block reverse current and eliminate back flow power to reduce conduction losses. Two modulation methods for the proposed topology (i.e., fixed frequency modulation (FFM), and variable frequency modulation (VFM)) are proposed and analyzed. Both modulation methods can realize soft switch over the entire load range to reduce switching losses. In addition, the proposed modulation techniques guarantee soft switching for all devices and synchronous rectifier is realized by the center-tapped bridge to further reduce the conduction losses. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison in terms of conduction losses and switching losses has been carried out to highlight the superiority of the proposed converter over the existing LC resonant converters. Finally, simulated and experimental results for a 1.5 kW prototype are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed converter.

32

Kim, Eun-Soo, and Jae-Sung Oh. "High-Efficiency Bidirectional LLC Resonant Converter with Primary Auxiliary Windings." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 4692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244692.

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In this paper, high-efficiency bidirectional LLC resonant converters with primary auxiliary windings in transformers of resonant circuits are proposed. Even though resonant capacitors are used on the primary and secondary sides, the proposed converter can operate, regardless of the direction of the power flow, with the high gain characteristics of the LLC resonant converter without the mutual coupling of resonant capacitors. The operation principles and gain characteristics of the proposed bidirectional DC–DC converters are described in detail. A 3.3 kW prototyped bidirectional LLC resonant converter for interfacing 750 VDC buses was built and tested to verify the effectiveness and applicability of this proposed converter.

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Kobori, Yasunori, Noriyuki Oiwa, Shogo Katayama, Ahmad Bustoni, Yi Fei Sun, Minh Tri Tran, Anna Kuwana, and Haruo Kobayashi. "EMI Reduction of PFC Rectifier and LLC Converter with Automatic Output Ripple Improvement." Advanced Engineering Forum 38 (November 2020): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.38.103.

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This paper proposes the method of the Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) noise reduction of the AC-DC rectifiers and the DC-DC converters with the insulated transformers. For the Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifier, the power factor is the most important item, but the EMI noise emitted from the clock pulse is not remarked. For the DC-DC converters such as the forward converter, the efficiency is the most important. We have focused on the EMI noise reduction for the PFC rectifier and insulated DC-DC converters with the frequency modulation of the clock pulses. First, the spectrum level of the clock pulse is introduced to be much reduced by shaking the clock frequency for the PFC rectifier and the forward converter. Next, we have investigated the EMI reduction of the LLC converter whose operating frequency varies to make the output voltage stable. It is difficult to modify the operating frequency to reduce the EMI noise. We have investigated to reduce the EMI noise by shaking the duty ratio of the resonant signals for the LLC converter. In this case, the output voltage ripple is increased by much EMI noise reduction. Finally, the technology to stabilize the increased ripple is introduced.

34

Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Juan Ramon, Jacinto Torres-Jimenez, Luis Alberto Contreras-Aguilar, and Nestor Gonzalez-Cabrera. "Reactive current elimination in DC/DC DAB converters based on novel Equivalents Values Modulation (EVM)." IEICE Electronics Express 12, no. 7 (2015): 20150197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.12.20150197.

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35

Adamowicz, Marek, Zbigniew Krzemiński, and Paweł Stec. "Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter for multilevel propulsion converters for electrical multiple units (EMU)." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818004002.

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Semiconductor power devices made from silicon carbide (SiC) reached a level of technology enabling their widespread use in power converters. Two different approaches to implementation of modern traction converters in electric multiple units (EMU) have been presented in recent years: (i) 3.3-kV SiC MOSFET-based three-level PWM inverter with regenerative braking and (ii) 6.5-kV IGBT-based fourquadrant power electronic traction transformer (PETT). The former has successfully reached optimized dimensions and efficiency but still requires a bulky line frequency transformer for multisystem applications. The latter characterizes inherent galvanic isolation from AC traction, which is realized by cascaded system of power electronic cells containing medium frequency transformers (MFT). The downsizing of the 6.5-kV IGBT-based cells is, however, problematic. The present paper proposes a different approach, that involves the use of a fast switching 1.2-kV SiC MOSFETS. The SiC-based PETT proposed in the paper is dedicated first for the DC traction. For multi-system application the input voltage of the proposed PETT can be adjusted using weight-optimized adjusting autotransformer. Thanks to utilization of fast-switching SiCbased power modules the weight and size of the power electronic cells can be optimized in a convenient way.

36

Bhattacharya, Sumantra, Caroline Willich, and Josef Kallo. "Design and Demonstration of a 540 V/28 V SiC-Based Resonant DC–DC Converter for Auxiliary Power Supply in More Electric Aircraft." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091382.

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Efficient and robust power electronic converters are vital to the success of the electrification of aircraft. Especially, low voltage auxiliary converters, which usually supply high current and low voltage loads, are not readily available industrially and need special attention. In terms of energy density and efficiency, LLC converters are among the most commonly used and efficient topologies for automotive and aerospace applications. In the case of aerospace applications, a fault-tolerant topology is highly desirable to reduce the need for redundant components and weight by removing backup systems. To solve this issue, this study introduces a new 2.0 kW LLC-based converter with a reconfigurable fault-tolerant architecture. With the help of a specially designed secondary side, the proposed converter can reconfigure itself so that even if one of the semiconductor switches fails permanently, the converter can still maintain power at nominal voltage levels, ensuring that the aircraft’s vital functionality is preserved. This paper also describes the basic operation principle, component-design aspects, conduction loss reduction techniques, and control system algorithm. Finally, a 2.0 kW experimental prototype is built to verify and demonstrate the operation of the proposed reconfigurable LLC converter.

37

Bhattacharya, Sumantra, Caroline Willich, and Josef Kallo. "Design and Demonstration of a 540 V/28 V SiC-Based Resonant DC–DC Converter for Auxiliary Power Supply in More Electric Aircraft." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091382.

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Efficient and robust power electronic converters are vital to the success of the electrification of aircraft. Especially, low voltage auxiliary converters, which usually supply high current and low voltage loads, are not readily available industrially and need special attention. In terms of energy density and efficiency, LLC converters are among the most commonly used and efficient topologies for automotive and aerospace applications. In the case of aerospace applications, a fault-tolerant topology is highly desirable to reduce the need for redundant components and weight by removing backup systems. To solve this issue, this study introduces a new 2.0 kW LLC-based converter with a reconfigurable fault-tolerant architecture. With the help of a specially designed secondary side, the proposed converter can reconfigure itself so that even if one of the semiconductor switches fails permanently, the converter can still maintain power at nominal voltage levels, ensuring that the aircraft’s vital functionality is preserved. This paper also describes the basic operation principle, component-design aspects, conduction loss reduction techniques, and control system algorithm. Finally, a 2.0 kW experimental prototype is built to verify and demonstrate the operation of the proposed reconfigurable LLC converter.

38

Domino, A., K. Zymmer, and M. Parchomiuk. "Selected converter topologies for interfacing energy storages with power grid." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0063.

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Abstract The paper presents different solutions applicable in power converter systems for connecting power grids with energy storage systems such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), supercapacitor energy storage (SES) or chemical batteries. Those systems are characterized by bidirectional current flow between energy storage and power grid. Two-level converters (AC-DC and DC-AC converters) dedicated for low power energy storage compatible with 3×400 V-type power grids are proposed. High power systems are connected with 3×6 kV-type power grids via transformers that adjust voltage to the particular energy storage or directly, based on multilevel power converters (AC-DC and DC-AC) or dual active bridge (DAB) systems. Solutions ensuring power grid compatibility with several energy storage systems of the same electrical parameters as well as of different voltage-current characteristics are also proposed. Selected simulation results illustrating operation of two system topologies of 200 kW power for two-level converter and neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level converter are presented.

39

Khan, Danish, Pengfei Hu, Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Yasir Ali Khan, Mustafa Tahir, and Andres Annuk. "Practical Evaluation of Loss Reduction in Isolated Series Resonant Converter with Fixed Frequency Modulation." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 5802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165802.

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Nowadays, power converters with reduced cost, compact size and high efficiency are evolving to overcome the emergent challenges of renewable energy integrations. In this context, there is an increased demand for well-designed power converters in renewable energy applications to reduce energy utilization and handle a variety of loads. This paper proposes a center-tapped bridge cascaded series-resonant LC dual active bridge (DAB) converter for DC-DC conversion. The low part count of the proposed converter enables a high-power density design with reduced cost. The proposed converter offers reduced conduction losses as the reverse current is eliminated by adopting current blocking characteristics. Reverse current blocking also enables zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) over a wide operating range. Therefore, using a simple fixed frequency modulation (FFM) scheme offers a wide operating range compared to a conventional DAB converter. A thorough comparison of the proposed converter and a conventional DAB converter is provided based on conduction losses and switching losses to illustrate the performance improvement. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed converter is validated through simulation and experimental results.

40

Li, Xiaoqiang, Mingxue Li, Hui Zhao, Hui Yong, and Xiaojie Wu. "Dynamic compensation based feedforward control against output/input disturbance for LCL‐DAB DC–DC converter operated under no backflow power." IET Renewable Power Generation 15, no. 13 (May 31, 2021): 2891–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12221.

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41

Al Attar, Houssein, Mohamed Assaad Hamida, Malek Ghanes, and Miassa Taleb. "LLC DC-DC Converter Performances Improvement for Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charger Application." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13010002.

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Electric Vehicle (EV) bidirectional charger technology is growing in importance. It defines the fact of returning the electricity stored in the batteries of EV to Grid (V2G), to Home (V2H), to Load (V2L), or in one word V2X mode. The EV onboard charger is divided into two parts: AC-DC and DC-DC converters. The isolated bidirectional DC-DC LLC resonant converter is used to improve the charger efficiency within both battery power and voltage ranges. It is controlled by varying the switching frequency based on a small signal modeling approach using the gain transfer function inversion method. The dimensions of the DC-DC LLC converter directly affect the charger cost. Moreover, they cause an important control frequency saturation zone, especially in V2X mode, where the switching frequency is out of the feasibility zone. The new challenge in this paper is to design an optimization strategy to minimize the LLC converter cost and improve the control frequency feasibility zone, for a wide variation of battery voltage and converter power, in the charging (G2V) and discharging (V2X) modes simultaneously. For our best knowledge, this optimization problem, in the case of a bidirectional (G2V and V2X) charger, is not yet considered in the literature. An optimal design that considers the control stability equations in the optimization algorithm is elaborated. The obtained results show a significant converter cost decrease and important expansion of control frequency feasibility zones. A comparative study between initial and optimized values, in G2V and V2X modes, is generated according to the converter efficiency.

42

Qawaqzeh, Mohamed, Roman Zaitsev, Oleksandr Miroshnyk, Mykhailo Kirichenko, Dmytro Danylchenko, and Liliia Zaitseva. "High-voltage DC converter for solar power station." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp2135-2144.

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In the article the circuit design solution of DC-DC regulated resonant converter has been proposed for using with hybrid photovoltaic modules which has cooling equipment and solar concentrators in order to maximize electric power generating by such module. By using computer simulation based on multiple iterations algorithm we significantly increase the accuracy of determining the resonance circuit optimal parameters for build up DC–DC converters to work in a wide range of electric powers. Based on optimal values of the resonance LLC scheme parameters, achived by numerical calculation it can be show high values of electrical energy transformation efficiency for photovoltaic energy station equipped with high efficiency hybrid photovoltaic modules. Implementation of microprocessor-based control into design of DC–DC back-boost converters create a new possibility to build control algorithms for increase reliability and conversion efficiency, rapid and precision stabilization of maximum power point, implementation network monitoring of photovoltaic modules, converters itself and the whole photovoltaic station parameters.

43

Lin, Yuan-Chih, Ding-Tang Chen, and Ching-Jan Chen. "Flux-Balance Control for LLC Resonant Converters with Center-Tapped Transformers." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173211.

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LLC resonant converters with center-tapped transformers are widely used. However, these converters suffer from a flux walking issue, which causes a larger output ripple and possible transformer saturation. In this paper, a flux-balance control strategy is proposed for resolving the flux walking issue. First, the DC magnetizing current generated due to the mismatched secondary-side leakage inductances, and its effects on the voltage gain are analyzed. From the analysis, the flux-balance control strategy, which is based on the original output-voltage control loop, is proposed. Since the DC magnetizing current is not easily measured, a current sensing strategy with a current estimator is proposed, which only requires one current sensor and is easy to estimate the DC magnetizing current. Finally, a simulation scheme and a hardware prototype with rated output power 200 W, input voltage 380 V, and output voltage 20 V is constructed for verification. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy effectively reduces the DC magnetizing current and output voltage ripple at mismatched condition.

44

Ryu, Seung‐Hee, and Byoung‐Kuk Lee. "Highly accurate analysis method for LLC dc–dc converters with an improved transformer circuit model." Electronics Letters 51, no. 12 (June 2015): 928–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.0572.

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45

Musavi, Fariborz, Marian Craciun, Deepak S. Gautam, and Wilson Eberle. "Control Strategies for Wide Output Voltage Range LLC Resonant DC–DC Converters in Battery Chargers." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 63, no. 3 (March 2014): 1117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2283158.

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46

Cheng, Weizheng, Fusheng Wang, and Rui Li. "Optimal control strategy of global return power based on soft switching under triple phase-shift control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2290, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2290/1/012068.

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Abstract Return power and soft switching are important performance indicators for dual active bridge DC-DC converters (DAB). Aiming at the problem that the DAB converter has a large return power under the traditional control strategy, a control strategy that optimizes the return power in the full power range is proposed, and on this basis, the soft switching range of the switching device is increased. The control strategy not only ensures the minimum return power in the entire power range, but also increases the soft switching range, reduces the switching loss, and further improves the efficiency. Finally, an experimental platform is built for verification, and the experimental results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.

47

Rodriguez, Alberto, Javier Sebastian, Diego G. Lamar, Marta M. Hernando, Iban Ayarzaguena, Igor Larrazabal, David Ortega, Jose M. Bermejo, and Francisco Vazquez. "An Overall Analysis of the Static Characteristics of the Single Active Bridge Converter." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040601.

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The dual active bridge (DAB) converter has been extensively analyzed and used in recent years for applications where bidirectional power flow is required. The unidirectional version of the DAB, which replaces the active output bridge with a diode bridge, has been called the single active bridge (SAB). The static behavior of the SAB differs markedly from similar DC/DC converters and can provide interesting advantages in certain applications. This paper presents a thorough study of the static behavior of the single active bridge (SAB) converter in different conduction modes. This study focuses on the description of the conduction modes, marking the main differences compared to similar DC/DC converters. Moreover, the SAB can be designed to operate in conduction mode for a given power level with different performance. A design guide is proposed, and the performance of different designs are compared, quantifying current stresses in the semiconductors. Finally, the main contribution of this paper is the identification of the similarities and differences between the SAB and the buck, forward, and phase-shifted full-bridge converters. It should be noted that the position of the inductor, either before or after the output rectifier bridge, modifies the voltage withstood by the output diodes and depends on the conduction mode, the voltage conversion ratio of the converter, and consequently, its main operation and performance. Moreover, the operation of the SAB is similar to a current source in all conduction modes, and it is not usual in similar converters. This peculiar behavior can be useful in certain applications. The theoretical study, the different designs, and the predicted operation of the SAB in different conduction modes have been validated using simulation and experimental results.

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Salehi, Navid, Herminio Martinez-Garcia, and Guillermo Velasco-Quesada. "A Comparative Study of Different Optimization Methods for Resonance Half-Bridge Converter." Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120368.

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The LLC resonance half-bridge converter is one of the most popular DC-DC converters and could easily inspire researchers to design a high-efficiency and high-power-density converter. LLC resonance converters have diverse operation modes based on switching frequency and load that cause designing and optimizing procedure to vary in different modes. In this paper, different operation modes of the LLC half-bridge converter that investigate different optimization procedures are introduced. The results of applying some usual optimization methods implies that for each operation mode some specific methods are more appropriate to achieve high efficiency. To verify the results of each optimization, numerous simulations are done by Pspice and MATLAB and the efficiencies are calculated to compare them. Finally, to verify the result of optimization, the experimental results of a laboratory prototype are provided.

49

Wang, Yubin, Fan Wang, Yifei Lin, and Tianqu Hao. "Sensorless parameter estimation and current‐sharing strategy in two‐phase and multiphase IPOP DAB DC–DC converters." IET Power Electronics 11, no. 6 (April 9, 2018): 1135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2017.0860.

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50

Park, Kiwoo, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "A Bidirectional Double Uneven Power Converter Based DC–DC Converter for Solid-State Transformers." Electronics 7, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110334.

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This paper presents a novel bidirectional double uneven power (BiDUP) based dc-dc converter and its design and control methods. The proposed converter utilizes two dual active bridge (DAB) converters with different power ratings in a special way to realize zero current switching (ZCS), where both turn-on and turn-off switchings occur under the zero-current condition. A design example of the proposed BiDUP converter is presented for medium voltage (MV) and high-power solid-state transformer (SST) systems where both voltage transformation and bidirectional power flow are required. The main features of the proposed converter are to reduce both the switching losses in power semiconductor devices and the filter inductance requirement simultaneously. To verify the feasibility of the proposed converter, a simulation study on the BiDUP converter based SST in a distribution system is presented. Furthermore, to validate the operational principle of the proposed converter, an experimental study using a small-scale prototype is also presented.

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