Дисертації з теми "Détection en champ proche"
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Drezet, Aurelien. "Le champ proche optique et la détection de nano-objets moléculaires individuels." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10136.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Mbarek Sofiane. "Etude et réalisation d’antennes à concentration de champ pour la génération et la détection locale de champs électromagnétiques." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2018.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is the development of detectors for near-field microscopy fortwo electromagnetic frequency domains. For microwave domain we present unconventionalmicro-antennas based on coplanar line and point effect. We present the different stages ofthe design and implementation with micro-fabrication technique. The evaluation of theirperformance was obtained with a comparison of measurement results and mapping ofpassive elements and those of a model of finite integration. For the THz domain, we performedroom temperature micro-bolometers. In order to improve the absorption of thesedetectors, their design was based on the theoretical study of the absorption of an electromagneticwave normally incident on a stack of metal and dielectric layers. Two versionswere prepared and characterized using electronic sources that can reach continuous 1,1THz. The performance of these detectors in terms of noise, sensitivity and time responseare highlighted
Brunel, David. "Transport électronique couplé à la microscopie en champ proche des transistors à nanotube de carbone : application à la détection de charges." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453939.
Повний текст джерелаCuillandre, Jean-Charles. "Imagerie CCD grand champ. Application à la détection des poussières autour des galaxies proches." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30087.
Повний текст джерелаMoreau, Virginie. "Etude du confinement optique dans les lasers à cascade quantique et applications à la détection." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350075.
Повний текст джерелаCe travail de thèse présente l'étude et l'optimisation du confinement optique vertical dans des hétérostructures lasers à cascade quantique épitaxiées sans couche de confinement supérieure. Ces structures sont intéressantes puisqu'elles sont adaptées à la fois au guide à plasmons de surface et au guide avec un confinement par air. En menant une étude approfondie de la répartition du mode optique et du courant électrique, nous avons conçu des structures originales qui ouvrent notamment de nouvelles perspectives sur l'utilisation de ces lasers pour la détection de fluides. Nous avons également montré que l'observation par microscopie en champ proche est un outil précieux pour la caractérisation et la compréhension des lasers à cascade quantique. Finalement, nous posons les bases nécessaires à la réalisation de matrices de lasers monomodes, utilisant la technologie des cristaux photoniques.
Colas, Florent. "Propriétés optiques et thermoplasmoniques de réseaux de nanocylindres : applications à la détection de molécules et de micro-objets." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD039/document.
Повний текст джерелаRaman spectroscopy is a technique that is non-invasive, non-destructive, allowing the identification of the molecules contained in a solid, liquid or gaseous sample. However it suffers from one major drawback : low sensitivity. This limit is now about to be pushed through the fast growth of SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering). This phenomenon has been already implemented successfully in various applications : biomedical, biology, analytical chemistry,environmental science... However, despite a growing number of scientific works, some aspects of the SERS sensors still need to be studied. This work focused on the study of the near-field and the far-field properties of arrays of nanocylinders for the detection of organic compounds. The studied parameters are the period of the array, the diameter of the cylinders, but also the material constituting the nanoparticle as the adhesion layer. The study of optical properties naturally led us to investigate the phenomenon of absorption. The incident light energy is converted into heat. The nanocylindres then behave like nanosources of heat. Thus, part of this work focused on the effects of thermoplasmonics. One of the applications that we demonstrated is the ability to manipulate the micro-objets, thanks to the control of the phenomena of advections
Marinchio, Hugues. "Nanotransistors à ondes de plasma : applications à la génération et à la détection de radiations térahertz." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20023.
Повний текст джерелаThis work proposes an original theoretical approach based on a pseudo-2D hydrodynamic model for describing plasma wave mecanisms in nanotransistorse. A systematic study is carried out by means of numerical simulations and analytical calculations. The results show a good agreement with photomixing experiments performed in parallel. The new model allowed us to achieve a detailed comprehension and description of the phenomena, to point out new effects and to provide clues for further conceptions and study of THz devices. Finally, we have proposed a new application for photoexcited plasma wave transistors : the heterodyne detection of terahertz radiations
Lebon, Antoine. "Trajectographie passive en champ proche par antenne linéaire remorquée et trois antennes de flanc d'un sous-marin, avec prise en compte de la propagation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0005.
Повний текст джерелаA submarine detects and localizes sources of interest using a towed array, and possibly arrays mounted on its flanks. For moving sources, a tracking function downstream of its sonar system is available. The towed array, by the use of a suitable spatial filtering method, detects the cosine of the conical angle. For the flank arrays, the measurements are the time differences of arrival and possibly, the cosine of the elevation angle of the incident ray. When the sources are in constant velocity (CV) motion, the conventional methods of passive target motion analysis (TMA) with angle measurements assume them in the far-field.In this thesis, we propose solutions to the problem of passive TMA of a source moving in CV motion in the near-field. Unlike the far-field, the propagation of the acoustic waves can no longer be restricted to the direct path. Observability of the source trajectory is studied for each type of array (therefore measurement). We them evaluate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator that we have proposed. We show that the depth of the source is weakly estimable in most cases and that an assumption on it is necessary to obtain operationally viable results
Cao, Ngoc-Tuyen. "Apport de la Surveillance Microsismique en Champ Proche pour la détection de Mécanismes et Signes Précurseurs aux Instabilités Gravitaires : Surveillance expérimentale d'une Cavité Saline en exploitation : Cas du site de Cerville-Buissoncourt." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL107N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of the precursory signs of a brutal collapse above underground caverns, with an overburden characterized by the presence of a massive and stiff bench, is a major problem for public safety. Thus, to progress in the comprehension and the evolution of the concerned mechanisms, a salt cavern, located in the NE France, was monitored in real-time, since 2004 to 2009, until its collapse. This cavern was mined by solution, until reaching its critical dimension (about 180 m) under a covering of 180 m thick, armed with a stiff Dolomite bench located at 120 m of depth.A multi-parameter high resolution monitoring system aimed at characterizing the precursory signs and following collapse itself. It included both geotechnical and geophysical devices as surface leveling measurements and a permanent microseismic network. This one, which data are the principal subject of this thesis, consisted in nine probes equipped with 40 Hz geophones (5 1D and 4 3D), distributed around and directly below the cavern, including one located in the stiff bench.The evolution of the cavern was marked by two major episodes of microseismic activity:- at the beginning of spring 2008, the dissolution restart in the cavern which caused repeated crisis with several thousand events in a few days, this represent a change in the microseismic regime and marked the cavern instability;- in February 2009, following these observations, the owner decided to trigger the collapse by intensive brine pumping in the cavern. During the three days of the operation, more than 30,000 events were recorded (against 60,000 since 2004).The study of the event signature provides essential information for operational monitoring and the discrimination of these two periods. Particularly, while maximal values reached in amplitude, energy and apparent fundamental frequency are quite stable during the 2008 episodes, the rises of this values are important during the collapse period (prior to the peak of activity), allowed us to suppose its imminence. The evolution of the microseism distribution in terms of energy released and occurrence, calculated similarly to the Gutenberg-Richter law, although often difficult to interpret, has been associated with piezometric level rises, and with small accelerations of surface subsidence. During the collapse, the microseismic activity acceleration follows a power law.Microseisms location required the establishment of an appropriate strategy to ensure the quality and the consistency of the results (record selection, calibration, parametric analysis). However, the use of a constant velocity model over all the period was impossible due to the fast and permanent evolution of the environment. Thus, several models were used, according to the a priori known cavern evolution.The event spatiotemporal distributions, thus located, revealed the existence of preferential failure structures and highlight the role of the stiff bench, located at 120 m depth
Abdoulkader, Ibrahim Idriss. "Nano-antennes optiques pour l'inspection des structures photoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665899.
Повний текст джерелаKerouedan, Julien. "Conception et réalisation de sondes hyperfréquences pour la détection de micro-fissures de fatigue à la surface des métaux." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2058.
Повний текст джерелаThe fatigue and ageing of metal materials under operation conditions are major concerns in energy production plants. An early and non-destructive diagnostic of surface defects would allow one to carry out relevant preventive maintenance operations without dismantling or prematurely changing healthy components. Nowadays, most of the automated non-destructive testing (NDT) solutions available to detect the surface-breaking defects are based on ultrasound or eddy current techniques. Despite their high sensitivity and spatial resolution, they are unable to meet all the requirements of every real situation. Consequently, in order to supplement the available acoustic and electromagnetic NDT toolkits, it sounds relevant to evaluate the potential of new techniques to detect micro-cracks on metal surfaces. The aim of this work is the development of microwave methods allowing the detection of surface-breaking defects on metals. In this report, we demonstrate how micro-cracks at the surface of metals can be detected and imaged by using near-field microwave resonators. In particular, we present simulation data and measurement results carried out on mock-ups with EDM rectangular surface notches highlighting the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of the original dual-behavior resonator (DBR) filter probes
Marchi, Florence. "Nanolithographie par microscopies en champ proche." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22078.
Повний текст джерелаPayet, Pierre. "Injection électromagnétique et microscopie en champ proche." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS027/document.
Повний текст джерелаMicrowave near-field microscopes are emerging tools for material characterization. In this work, a near-field probe was designed, described and analyzed in terms of performance and resolution. This probe has been associated with two microscopes in the near microwave field. The first microscope is based on intensity reflectometry and evaluated the quality and lateral resolution of the probe. This resolution can reach a subwavelength dimension, opening the way to local characterization of materials. The second experiment presents the design of a materials characterization bench. This system uses an I/Q mixer to extract information in intensity and phase of near-field interaction. Finally, the last experiment concerns electromagnetic injection in the near field of an out-of-band signal on a communication module. The overall results show that the near-field injection experiment has the potential to become an important metrology tool for susceptibility studies
Fayjaloun, Rosemary. "Estimation du mouvement fort en champ proche." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU031/document.
Повний текст джерелаAccumulated data of strong ground motions have been providing us very important knowledge about rupture processes of earthquakes, propagation-path, site-amplification effects on ground motion, the relation between ground motion and damage... However, most of the ground motion databases used in the development of ground motion prediction models are primarily comprised of accelerograms produced by small and moderate earthquakes. Hence, as magnitude increases, the sets of ground motions become sparse. Ground motion databases are poorly sampled for short source-to-site distance ranges (‘Near-fault’ ranges). However, the strongest ground shaking generally occurs close to earthquake fault rupture. Countries of moderate to high seismicity for which major faults can break in the vicinity of its major cities are facing a major seismic risk, but the lack of earthquake recordings makes it difficult to predict ground motion. Strong motion simulations may then be used instead. One of the current challenges for seismologists is the development of reliable methods for simulating near-fault ground motion taking into account the lack of knowledge about the characteristics of a potential rupture. This thesis is divided into 2 parts. Part 1 focuses on better understanding the seismic rupture process and its relation with the near-fault ground motion. The mechanisms of peak ground motion generating are investigated for homogeneous as well as for heterogeneous ruptures. A quantitative sensitivity analysis of the ground motion to the source kinematic parameters is presented, for sites located in the vicinity of the fault rupture, as well as far from the rupture. A second chapter is dedicated to a major near-fault source effect: the directivity effect. This phenomenon happens when the rupture propagates towards a site of interest, with a rupture speed close to the shear-wave speed (Vs); the waves propagating towards the site adds up constructively and generates a large amplitude wave called the pulse. The features of this pulse are of interest for the earthquake engineering community. In this chapter, a simple equation is presented that relates the period of the pulse to the geometric configuration of the rupture and the site of interest, and to the source parameters.Part 2 is dedicated to better estimate the seismic hazard in Lebanon by simulating the strong ground motion at sites near the main fault (the Yammouneh fault). Lebanon is located in an active tectonic environment where the seismic hazard is considered moderate to high. Historically, destructive earthquakes occurred in the past, the last one dates back to 1202. However, strong motion has never been recorded in Lebanon till now due to the presently infrequent large-magnitude seismicity, and therefore facing an alarming note of potential new ruptures. The Yammouneh fault is a large strike-slip fault crossing Lebanon, making all its regions located within 25km away from the fault. At first, the crustal structure tomography of Lebanon, in terms of Vs, is performed using the ambient noise, in order to characterise the wave propagation from the rupture to the ground surface. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the 3D Vs tomography in Lebanon. Afterwards, a hybrid approach is presented to simulate broadband near-fault ground motion . At low-frequencies (≤1Hz), potential ruptures of M7 are simulated (as defined in the previous chapters), and the generated slip rate functions are convolved with the Green’s functions computed for the propagation medium defined by the Vs tomography. The ground-motion is complemented by a high-frequency content (up to 10Hz), using a stochastic model calibrated by near-fault recordings and accounting for the presence of the directivity pulse. The computed peak ground acceleration is compared to the design acceleration in Lebanon
Degeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Le Mans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LEMA1016.
Повний текст джерелаAdam, Ronan. "Sondes de champ proche pour l'imagerie térahertz." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20125.
Повний текст джерелаPizzagalli, Laurent. "Amas supportes et microscopie en champ proche." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13166.
Повний текст джерелаDegeorges, Jean-François. "Rayonnement acoustique des plaques en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376130547.
Повний текст джерелаLAHRECH, AHMED. "Imagerie infrarouge par microscopie en champ proche optique." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112291.
Повний текст джерелаSthal, Fabrice. "Microscopie acoustique en champ proche a pointe vibrante." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2002.
Повний текст джерелаPayet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation d'antennes HF par mesures en champ proche." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066157.
Повний текст джерелаAfter having been neglected in recent decades, the RF frequency band (3-30~MHz) is currently experiencing a revival. Initially reserved for long-distance communication, by reflection of waves on the ionosphere, the HF band is widely used in radar to detect targets beyond the radio horizon. The performances of such systems depend on the precise knowledge of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna. Metric dimensions of these transmitters forbid direct in situ measurement of the electric field radiated by the antenna in the far field zone. In addition, modes of propagation, sky wave and surface wave modes, associated with HF antennas are highly dependent on their environment. The objective here is to define a method for characterizing a HF antenna placed above a real ground, based on a near field measurement. We therefore propose two methods to characterize a HF antenna. The first is based on a modal expansion of the near field, for which we take the ground into account by using a reflection coefficient. Then through an asymptotic expansion of the electric field spectrum, we determine the far field of the antenna. The second method uses a method of moments to identify the equivalent sources modelling the antenna under test. Those equivalent sources are elementary vertical and horizontal dipoles, for which radiation has been analytically calculated by Peter Bannister. A regularization method is used to extract, on the one hand, a physical solution, and on the other hand, to make the linear system less sensitive to measurement noise
Gariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10080.
Повний текст джерелаGariel, Jean-Christophe. "Simulation numérique des mouvements forts en champ proche." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613815j.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Claire. "Étude des propriétés de champ proche et de champ lointain des nano-antennes infrarouges." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET044.
Повний текст джерелаNanoantennas have the ability to manipulate light both spatially and spectrally at the nanoscale. They can be arranged in arrays by the periodization of a pattern in order to construct tunable metasurfaces with spatially homogeneous properties. A promising application is the use of nanoantennas as thermal emitters for the design of infrared sources that bypass the limitations of conventional ones. Nevertheless, ensemble measurements give rise to collective effects such as inter-antenna coupling that are liable to impair the global optical response compared to that of the unit cell. The objective of this thesis is to develop highly-sensitive experimental methods that can resolve the intrinsic optical response of a subwavelength structure so that resonant processes at the single nano-antenna scale are better understood.The study hinges on two main research axes, one dedicated to a near-field technique using a thermal radiation scanning tunneling microscope for super-resolved imaging, the other pertaining to the development of an original experimental set-up that can extract the emission spectrum of a single nanoantenna in the far field. Following the results obtained with single nanoantennas, more complex structures comprised of several nanoantennas are investigated to characterize their interaction. This work paves the way towards design improvement of nanophotonic structures based on nanoantennas and control over their behavior in both the near field and the far field
Castanié, Etienne. "Émission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00642536.
Повний текст джерелаLecaque, Romain. "Microscopie optique de champ proche dans le domaine terahertz." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087889.
Повний текст джерелаTout d'abord, nous avons développé un instrument dont l'originalité réside dans l'illumination qui est assurée par une source locale IR/THz générée in situ par rectification optique. Plusieurs échantillons métalliques et diélectriques ont alors été imagés, mettant en évidence une résolution sub-longueur d'onde dans le domaine THz. Parallèlement, une étude théorique a permis de comprendre les mécanismes de formation des images dans le microscope.
Une autre version du microscope optique de champ proche, fonctionnant dans un mode dit sans ouverture a aussi été élaboré. Cette configuration a permis d'atteindre une résolution inférieure au micron dans le domaine THz, grâce à l'ajout d'une pointe métallique fonctionnant comme un diffuseur des ondes évanescentes.
Seghouani, Nassim. "Méthodes de régularisation appliquées à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30077.
Повний текст джерелаEl-Khoury, Ziad. "Transformée par ondelettes appliquée à l'holographie acoustique champ proche." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30262.
Повний текст джерелаCastanié, Etienne. "Emission dipolaire et absorption en champ proche de nanostructures." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066656.
Повний текст джерелаBenfedda, Mohamed. "Micro-sondes de champ proche optique pour l'opto-électronique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20068.
Повний текст джерелаMamouni, Ahmed. "Radiométrie microonde en champ proche : applications médicales (Thermographie Microonde)." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10075.
Повний текст джерелаCaplain, Emmanuel. "Développement de capteurs et d'instrumentations pour champ proche acoustique." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20107.
Повний текст джерелаMignard, France. "Microscopie optique en champ proche de dispositifs optoelectroniques integrés." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077169.
Повний текст джерелаQuidant, Romain. "Dispositifs optiques submicroniques : nanofabrication et caractérisation en champ proche." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS026.
Повний текст джерелаFoubert, Kevin. "Etude en champ proche optique de structures nanophotoniques couplées." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS091.
Повний текст джерелаSince the end of the XXth century, optics benefits from significant breakthrough comingfrom the micro-electronic technologies. It is thus now possible to produce, guide, slow downor even trap light on a chip at a sub-wavelength scale. In this thesis, we study such opticalcomponents thanks to a Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (SNOM).The first part exposes an overall view of the current situation in the field of dielectricsubstrate integrated nanophotonics. Some of the recent outstanding issues and results are hereintroduced, as well as the general principle and the necessary tools to operate a SNOM.The second part is dedicated to optical near-field microscopy, technically speaking. Thephysical rules are here developed. Then we detail the instrumental set up of our own SNOMon our optical characterization bench. We end by analysing the optical images formation witha SNOM.The third part bears upon the study of Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) coupled waveguides whereoptical nano-cavities could be inserted, by resorting to the previously implemented SNOM.Overlapping evanescent fields induced coupling phenomena are numerically and analyticallystudied. The use of the SNOM allowed us here to check the validity of our models. Besides,we have directly observed thanks to this instrument the guiding and confinement of light ina low refractive index media. However, we show that this phenomenon is highly subjected tofabrication uncertainties. Finally, we use the SNOM and spectral measurements in order todemonstrate that systems of N coupled nanocavities could be described with a simple coupledmodes model
Mamouni, Ahmed. "Radiométrie microonde en champ proche applications médicales (thermographie microonde) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615654c.
Повний текст джерелаGuillet, Jean-Paul. "Développement d'un système de microscopie en champ proche terahertz." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20193/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe developed two configurations of terahertz near field microscope. Th first one use an aperture and the other use a tip. We studied Sommerfeld wire waves
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10235.
Повний текст джерелаOur needs for data storage are explosives. Generated by multimedia content of increasing size, they lead to a frantic enhancement of optical discs performances. However, the physical limits are quickly reached. Among them, the diffraction of light waves has restricted the recording capacity of the CD, the DVD and still limits the "Blu-ray” (BD) disc capacity. This thesis proposes to overcome this barrier by a thorough study of near-field optical pickup. The current near-field optical head using solid immersion lens, completely passive towards evanescent waves, will be optimized to provide a storage capacity 40% higher. But market demand for optical disk requires going further. The theory of the negative index materials, highly controversial, is sufficiently relevant to guide the rest of the work. A negative index material is a utopian solution to break the resolution limit, and its properties will inspire a photonic super-lens. In this lens designed for the near-field, surface plasmons which are excited at the interfaces between silver and glass, are converted into propagative waves through a sub-wavelength diffractive structure. These waves carry information to the detector through the whole optical head. The transmission of this component is demonstrated in an experimental setup in which we recover a signal carried by a 488nm-wavelength laser beam, but relative to 60nm sized object
Mimouni, Salim. "Enregistrement de disques optiques haute densité en champ proche." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493016.
Повний текст джерелаLakhal, Mohamed. "Méthodes d'inversion pour la reconstruction de mines enfouies à partir de mesures d'antennes radar." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is part of the FUI Tandem project on radar imaging of mines buried in dry ground by heliborne antennas. The antenna data correspond to measurements of the electromagnetic field (component tangential to the antenna) in the back-scattering configuration: a single transmitter/transceiver antenna. The primary objective of the thesis is to validate / modify the SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) methodology proposed by engineers to process the antenna data and to image the mines. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the SAR method is based on the principle of a homogeneous background whereas the study case is not. We have studied the incorporation of a two-layer approximation of the reference medium to correct the effect of the soil and to obtain images that are less sensitive to the effect of the latter. The first solution consists in mimicking the SAR technique to construct an indicator of the geometry via the back propagation of the data in the bi-layer medium using the formula given by the Born approximation. The second option, much more costly numerically consists in inverting the Born model with a regularization technique of the total variation type. In a second part, we are interested in adapting MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) methods to retrieve the "depth" information not provided by SAR methods. Based on the Tandem experiement, we proposed the extension of these methods to the case of data in quasi-back-scattering configuration: a transmitting antenna coupled to a 1D array of receiving antennas. The methodology is completely new and the justification of the method is based on the asymptotic analysis of the scattering problem in the small obstacle and far field regime. The study was also extended to cylindrical configurations that could be adapted to biomedical imaging
El, Korso Mohammed Nabil, and Korso Mohammed Nabil El. "Analyse de performances en traitement d'antenne. : bornes inférieures de l'erreur quadratique moyenne et seuil de résolution limite." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625681.
Повний текст джерелаGreusard, Léo. "Etude en champ proche de sources plasmoniques actives dans le proche infrarouge et méthode d'imagerie basée sur l'action d'un champ électromagnétique sur une pointe." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066742.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we adapt an aperture scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) featuring an aluminum hollow pyramid as a probe, for a use in the near-infrared range (NIR). We apply this SNOM system to characterize tensile-strained quantum well laser diodes with a metallic patterning designed for an electrical and integrated generation of surface plasmons-polaritons (SPPs) at the telecom wavelengths. SPPs are generated by structuring the top surface of the diode ridge with a gold grating. The study of the transverse mode field distribution also allows us to analyze the influence of the metallic layer on the cavity and to show the eventual existence of a hyrid plasmonic mode. We also develop a broadband super-resolution imaging technique based on the action of an intensity-modulated electromagnetic field on an atomic force microscopy tip. The study as a function of the modulation frequency shows several regimes where different mechanisms are involved in the field-tip interaction. We also validate its ability to probe evanescent fields and subwavelength apertures in a metallic film, from the visible range up to the mid-IR
Brissinger, Damien. "Étude et manipulation de modes résonants en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678449.
Повний текст джерелаToullier, Sebastien. "Developpement de Sondes Thermoelectriques pour applications de type champ Proche." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00613255.
Повний текст джерелаSamson, Benjamin. "Imagerie thermique par microscopie en champ proche à sonde fluorescente." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440188.
Повний текст джерелаBrissinger, Damien. "Etude et manipulation de modes résonnants en champ proche optique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688008.
Повний текст джерелаHe, Hongyang. "Traitement d'antennes pour la localisation de sources en champ proche." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2001.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses the near-field source localization problem. The main difficulties in this domain come from two aspects. Firstly, the sphericity of the received signal wavefront must be considered due to the reduced source-array distance, which limits the use of the well-studied and efficient far-field methods in the estimation. Several improved techniques are proposed and presented. These methods, based on the approximations of signal model, are able to estimate the sources parameters with a higher efficiency and a better performance than the classical techniques. Secondly, the unavoidable presence of the array imperfections, which can degrade greatly the estimation performances in a real environment, is considered. The calibration techniques are used to solve this problem. In order to minimize the negative influences of the undesirable effects on the estimation, measurement data are used in calibration. The proposed calibration technique, based on the interpolation of the measurement data, presents good performances on estimation efficiency and precision. This report considers also the passive source localization problem. A MIMO-based approach is proposed and found to be able to improve greatly the performances of parameter estimation
Farnault, Etienne. "Contribution à l'étude d'un microscope thermoélastique fonctionnant en champ proche." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2068.
Повний текст джерелаHalidi, El Mohamed. "Études RMN et IRM en champ proche : développements et applications." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20261/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe principle of NMR is based on the detection of the magnetization originating from the spin of atomic nuclei such as 13C, 31P and 1H. The sample is placed in a static magnetic field, which polarizes the ensemble of spins and it is excited by radiofrequency pulses (wavelength about one meter), that tilt the axis of the magnetization. When the magnetization returns to equilibrium, it generates an electromagnetic field which is classically detected by a receiving antenna (coil with atuning/matching circuit) in inductive coupling.In this work, we propose the use of a micrometer-sized probe positioned in the vicinity of the object of interest, at a distance well shorter than the wavelength of the radiated NMR signal.Our microprobe presents innovative characteristics (i) a capacitive coupling (electric field component), (ii) reduced dimensions for an accurate positioning, which ensure the detection of NMR signal from the sample and (iii) it has a broadband, which allows use to detect any nuclei without being tuned to the Larmor frequency.To introduce you this new alternative, the tools necessary to the understanding of this work, in this case the principle of NMR/MRI and an introduction of the theory of the electric near field are given initially.We made also a state of the art of existing methods and techniques for measuring the NMR signal to identify the benefits that such a system (method : capacitive coupling and device : microprobe near field) can bring to the NMR technique.Then, we have characterized our microprobe to enhance its localized detection due to its small size (127 μm in diameter and 2mm in length). In this stage of characterization, we demonstrated that the NMR signal recovered by our antenna can be described by the electric near field expression :E(x, z) = A(Kz ) exp(i(z/L)) exp(−x/L) +Propagative TermFinally, we applied our system to make NMR studies such as spectroscopy, the relaxometry and NMR Imaging. We have outlined some potential projects to the continuity of this work
Ouardirhi, Zacharia. "Technique expérimentale de mesure en champ proche pour le calcul du champ lointain d'éléments rayonnants filaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ53595.pdf.
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