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In this paper, we develop an inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items under the consideration of the facts: deterioration rate can be controlled by using the preservation technology (PT) during deteriorating period, and holding cost and demand rate both are linear function of time, which was treated as constant in most of the deteriorating inventory models. So in this paper, we developed a deterministic inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items in which both demand rate and holding cost are a linear function of time, deterioration rate is constant, backlogging rate is variable and depend on the length of the next replenishment, shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. The model is solved analytically by minimizing the total cost of the inventory system. The model can be applied to optimizing the total inventory cost of non-instantaneous deteriorating items inventory for the business enterprises, where the preservation technology is used to control the deterioration rate, and demand & holding cost both are a linear function of time.
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Davidson, M. "Deteriorating/no deteriorating cognitive subtypes within schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 23 (April 2008): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.183.
Patel, Hetal, and Ajay Gor. "Salvage value and three variable Weibull deteriorating rate for non-instantaneous deteriorating items." Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 12, no. 05 (September 3, 2019): 1950070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557119500700.
Existing study gives ordering policy for non-instantaneous deteriorating items having three-variable Weibull distribution deterioration rate. Demand rate varies in different time interval. Before deterioration starts, demand is constant and after that it decreases exponentially with respect to time. The study considers total cost function as objective function including salvage value. Shortages are not allowed to stay in time-based competition. Results are proved theoretically and numerically. Sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to salvage value, scale parameter, shape parameter and location parameter including in deterioration rate function to show the liability of the model.
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He, Yong, and Hongfu Huang. "Optimizing Inventory and Pricing Policy for Seasonal Deteriorating Products with Preservation Technology Investment." Journal of Industrial Engineering 2013 (April 4, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/793568.
The paper studies a kind of deteriorating seasonal product whose deterioration rate can be controlled by investing on the preservation efforts. In contrast to previous studies, the paper considers the seasonal and deteriorating properties simultaneously. A deteriorating inventory model is developed for this problem. We also provide a solution procedure to find the optimal decisions about the preservation technology investment, the market price, and the ordering frequency. Then a case study is used to illustrate the model and the solution procedure. Finally, sensitive analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is carried out.
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Sarbjit, Singh. "Analysis of Economic Order Quantity Model for Perishable Items Whose Deterioration Starts After Some Fixed Time." International Journal of Productivity Management and Assessment Technologies 2, no. 2 (July 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpmat.2014040101.
This paper deals with an optimal replenishment policy for the items having deterministic demand and whose deterioration starts after some fixed time. In earlier studies, it had been assumed that the deterioration of items starts immediately after the procurement, but it's not necessary in most of the cases. For instance, food grains will not start deteriorating immediately after procurement; most of the industrial products also start deteriorating only after some fixed time. Thus, this study removes this unrealistic assumption and considers items whose deterioration starts after some fixed time. The impact of deterioration on cost and how it will impact cycle time has been illustrated in this study. Complete analysis of the proposed model has been done with both optimizing and numerical techniques.
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SHAH, NITA H. "PROBABILISTIC ORDER LEVEL SYSTEM WHEN ITEMS IN INVENTORY DETERIORATE AND DELAY IN PAYMENTS IS PERMISSIBLE." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 21, no. 03 (September 2004): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595904000266.
An order level inventory model is developed for deteriorating items with a constant rate of deterioration and vendor offering delay in payments. The model is developed under probabilistic demand. It is shown that the model derived can be related to the existing model for non-deteriorating items and when delay in payments is not permissible. The model is supported by a probability distribution function.
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KROMMYDA, IRIS-PANDORA, KONSTANTINA SKOURI, IOANNIS KONSTANTARAS, and IOANNIS GANAS. "OPTIMAL PRICING AND REPLENISHMENT POLICY FOR NONINSTANTANEOUS DETERIORATING ITEMS AND TWO LEVELS OF STORAGE." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 30, no. 04 (August 2013): 1350001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595913500012.
In this paper an inventory control system for deteriorating items with price and time-dependent demand is studied. The majority of the existing literature in inventory systems for deteriorating items, deals with items that are subject to deterioration as soon as they enter the warehouse. However, there are items that have a shelf-life and start deteriorating after a time lag (noninstantaneous deteriorating items). Under some special circumstances, i.e., attractive price discount, low storage cost, high demand, etc; the procurement of a large amount of such items at a time is decided. Because of the fixed capacity of the own warehouse (OW), a rented warehouse (RW) is used to store the excess quantity. In the present paper, a two-warehouse inventory model for noninstantaneous deteriorating items is developed. Shortages at OW are also allowed and partially backlogged at a rate, which is any nonincreasing function of the waiting time up to the next replenishment. For this model, we propose a simple solution procedure to determine the optimal pricing and replenishment schedule.
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Mondol, Manik, M. Forhad Uddin, and M. S. Hossain. "Estimation of inventory for deteriorating items with non-linear demand considering discount and without discount policy." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 13, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v13i2.23905.
This paper develops an inventory model for deteriorating items consisting the ordering cost, unit cost, opportunity cost, deterioration cost and shortage cost. In this inventory model instead of linear demand function nonlinear exponential function of time for deteriorating items with deterioration rate has been considered. The effects of inflation and cash flow are also taken into account under a trade-credit policy of discount and without discount with time. In order to validate the model, numerical examples have been solved by bisection method deploying Matlab. Further, in order to estimate the cash flow the sensitivity of different parameters is considered.
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Reed, B. J., Helen F. Ladd, and John Yinger. "Deteriorating Urban America." Public Administration Review 49, no. 6 (November 1989): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/976584.
Cavell, Dominique Grace. "Assessment of deteriorating post-tensioned concrete bridges." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267182.
Liu, Huamin. "Modeling and optimal control of deteriorating production processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27995.pdf.
Samani, Pedram. "Experimental evolution of yeast in a deteriorating environment." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95196.
The rapid pace of anthropogenic global change threatens global biodiversity and the integrity of ecosystems. It is now paramount to understand how organisms can adapt to these changes. Here, I review the literature on the genetic nature of stress responses in Drosophila and bacteria. Then I test how yeast populations adapted to a particular stressor, salt, can resist related stressors which they have not experienced in their recent past, freezing and sorbitol. We found that lines adapted to high salinity did not show increased resistance to sorbitol and freezing. Finally, again with yeast subjected to high salinity, I exposed populations to extremely stressful and continually deteriorating conditions to investigate how adaptation occurs. We found that beneficial mutations started to spread at intermediate stress intensities. We also found that larger populations adapt more rapidly to stress, both because they possess more beneficial mutations and because these mutations have a larger effect on growth. This research will help us understand how population can avoid extinction through adaptation and continues to stress the importance of maintaining large population to allow species survival in a changing environment. Les changements anthropogéniques menacent la biodiversité et l'intégrité des écosystèmes à une échelle globale. Il est donc maintenant essentiel de comprendre comment les êtres vivants peuvent s'adapter à ces changements. Ici, je commence par présenter l'état de la recherche concernant la réponse génétique de la drosophile et des bactéries à l'imposition d'un stress. Je montre ensuite comment j'ai testé la capacité de croitre d'une population adapté à un stress donné, le sel, quand ces populations sont soumis à des stress similaires, la congélation et le sorbitol. J'ai constaté que l'adaptation au sel ne confère pas une plus grande résistance à la congélation ou au sorbitol. Finalement, encore avec la levure soumise à des conditions salées, j'ai exploré comment les populations s'adaptent à un stress important qui augmente continuellement. J'ai découvert que les mutations avec un effet bénéfique prenaient de l'importance dans la population à des niveaux de stress intermédiaires. J'ai aussi découvert que les populations plus nombreuses s'adaptaient plus rapidement parce qu'elles avaient un plus grand nombre de mutations à effet bénéfique et qu'en plus, l'effet de ces mutations était plus grand dans ces grandes populations. Ces recherches nous informent sur le processus d'adaptation et rendent clair une raisons de plus pour laquelle une grande population augmente les chances de survies de l'espèce dans un environnement changeant.
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Dagg, Richard Andrew. "Optimal inspection and maintenance for stochastically deteriorating systems." Thesis, City University London, 1999. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8227/.
This thesis concerns the optimisation of maintenance and inspection for stochastically deteriorating systems. The motivation for this thesis is the problem of determining condition based maintenance policies, for systems whose degradation may be modelled by a continuous time stochastic process. Our emphasis is mainly on using the information gained from inspecting the degradation to determine efficient maintenance and inspection policies. The system we shall consider is one in which the degradation is modelled by a Levy process, and in which failure is defined to occur when the degradation reaches a critical level. It is assumed that the system may be inspected or repaired at any time, and that the costs of inspections and repairs may depend on the level of system degradation. Initially we look at determining optimal inspection policies for systems whose degradation may be directly and perfectly observed, before extending this analysis to the case where the degradation is unobservable, and a related covariate process is used to determine maintenance decisions. In both cases it is assumed the replacement policy is fixed and known in advance. Finally we consider the case of joint optimisation of maintenance and inspection, for cases in which the maintenance action has either deterministic or random effect on the degradation level. In all of these cases we use the properties of the Levy process degradation model to form a recursive relationship which allows us to determine integral and functional equations for the maintenance cost of the system. Solutions to these determine optimal periodic and non-periodic inspection and maintenance policies. Throughout the thesis we use the gamma process degradation model as an example. For this model we determine optimal perfect inspection policies for the cases when inspections are periodic and non-periodic. As a special case of a covariate process we consider the optimal imperfect periodic inspection policy. Finally we obtain jointly optimal deterministic-maintenance and periodic-inspection policies.
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Massey, Deborah Louise. "Responding to the Deteriorating Patient: A Case study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366080.
Rapid response systems (RRSs) have been developed and implemented with the aim of improving recognition of and response to deteriorating patients. However, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of such systems. A recurring theme within the clinical literature is that these systems are not activated or used effectively by nursing staff and the reasons for this are not fully understood. The practices of nurses who used an RRS are explored in this thesis. Ward patients also appear to be more vulnerable to deterioration in the hosptial after-hours; in response to this, a number of patient safety initatives have been developed. One of these initiatives is an after-hours nurse-led RRS, a service run by Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs). To date, there has been limited exploration of the impact of this patient safety intiative on patient outcomes. Whether the introduction the APN after-hours service improved patient outcomes is also explored in this thesis.
To develop in-depth knowledge and understanding of this contemporary and complex area of clinical practice, a single exploratory case study with two separate units of analysis was used. The context of the case was a large teaching hospital in Queensland; the case was the deteriorating ward patient. The first unit of analysis was nurse’s practices of using an RRS. The second unit of analysis was patient outcomes. In the first unit of analysis, 15 registered nurses who had cared for a deteriorating ward patient were interviewed about their practices of using an RRS and the resulting transcripts were thematically analysed. Four themes relating to participants experiences and perceptions of RRSs emerged from the data. These themes were: (1) sensing clinical deterioration; (2) resisting and hesitating; (3) pushing the button; and (4) reflecting on the Medical Emergency Team (MET). Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Nursing and Midwifery Griffith Health Full Text
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Ciszkiewicz, Tadeusz. "NDT-based service life prediction of deteriorating water mains." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0032/MQ30747.pdf.
Lignos, Dimitrios. "Sidesway collapse of deteriorating structural systems under seismic excitations /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Smith, Sally Ann. "Decision-making in acute care nursing with deteriorating patients." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0b2fc4c1-b4b5-42f6-8ee8-2d29343db3b8.
Concerns have been well documented about deteriorating patients being missed and that care has not been of a sufficient standard to maintain their safety. This 'failure to rescue' remains despite changes in training and critical care experts working with ward staff. little is known about what influences decision-making at the point a patient deteriorates and prior to referring on to an expert. The aim of this study was to understand how nurses reach their clinical decisions while caring for a deteriorating patient and to identify the contextual factors that influence that decision-making process. Using grounded theory methodology the study comprised fieldwork, semi-structured interviews and a focus group; participants were 22 nurses and 2 physiotherapists working in general medical and surgical wards. A pragmatist philosophical tradition informing symbolic interaction guided the interpretive analytical framework of the study. The simultaneous collection, memoing, dimensional analysis of the data and constant comparison of the findings with the body of literature, built an emerging theory of clinical reasoning in acute care situations. Findings suggested that acute care nurses practice in one of 3 modes. They are: • 'Ward routine', where normal ward work takes place and nurses use protocols to deliver care. • 'Crescendo of care' where searching, information gathering, checking findings and efforts to gain control over the clinical situation took place. Nurses' reasoning in this mode was abductive and focused on building a believable case prior to referral. • 'Management of crisis' where the nurse was sure of their concerns, made the referral and continues to seek to confirm concerns. Through the three modes nurses reasoned and made sense of the clinical information they picked up. They spent lime marshalling this data until it served them a believable credible case with which to refer to another professional. This involved negotiating and bargaining to elicit action. The goals in these actions and interactions were to keep the patient and themselves safe. This was underpinned and motivated by their personal and professional beliefs. Throughout the whole decision-making process nurses accounted for every decision and judgement they made until they were convinced and confident in what they believed was happening. Then they made a referral to a more senior professional. This was conceptualised as the theory of mind accounting in clinical reasoning 'Which emerged as the explanation for how nurses clinically reason and make decisions when caring for a patient whose condition is declining. The emerging theory offers an alternative explanation of the way nurses assess and intervene when concerned about a patient. This is significant because timely accurate decision-making is fundamental to providing quality care.
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Rafiq, Muhammad Imran. "Health monitoring in proactive reliability management of deteriorating concrete bridges." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/935/.
Sánchez-Silva, Mauricio, and Georgia-Ann Klutke. Reliability and Life-Cycle Analysis of Deteriorating Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20946-3.
Liu, Huamin. Modeling and optimal control of deteriorating production processes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.
Canada. Statistics Canada. Business and Labour Market Analysis Division. The deteriorating economic welfare of immigrants and possible causes. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2004.
Kenworthy, Jeffrey. "Deteriorating or Improving?" In Transport Beyond Oil, 244–64. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-59726-242-2_15.
Moore, Linda, and Phil Scraton. "Inside a Deteriorating Regime." In The Incarceration of Women, 98–119. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137317841_5.
New, William. "Europe: Roma Face Deteriorating Prospects." In Understanding Global Higher Education, 21–24. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6351-044-8_5.
Smith, Hazel R. Knowles. "Health, Malnutrition and Deteriorating Conditions." In The Changing Face of the Channel Islands Occupation, 125–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230627598_10.
O’Casey, Sean. "Abbey Has Been Deteriorating for Years." In The Abbey Theatre, 197–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08508-8_50.
Bachman, Aleksander, and Adam Janiak. "Scheduling Deteriorating Jobs with Ready Times." In Operations Research Proceedings 1999, 342–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58300-1_52.
Boyle, Maureen, and Judy Bothamley. "Structured assessment to identify deteriorating health." In Critical Care Assessment by Midwives, 5–17. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315183657-2.
Yang, Suh-Jenq, and Dar-Li Yang. "Single-Machine Scheduling Problems Simultaneous with Deteriorating and Learning Effects Under a Deteriorating Maintenance Consideration." In Just-in-Time Systems, 41–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1123-9_3.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Deteriorating":
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Yu, Zhao Xiao, Zheng Yi, and Jia Tao. "Ordering policy for two-phase deteriorating inventory system with changing deterioration rate." In 2011 8th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2011.5959348.
LONG, LIJIA, SEBASTIAN THÖNS, and MICHAEL DÖHLER. "Damage Detection and Deteriorating Structural Systems." In Structural Health Monitoring 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2017/13997.
Khatami, Dena, and Behrouz Shafei. "Optimized Maintenance Policies for Deteriorating Structures." In Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479742.050.
Titi, A., F. Biondini, and D. M. Frangopol. "Seismic Resilience of Deteriorating Concrete Structures." In Structures Congress 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479117.142.
Jiang, Shujun, and Lixin Tang. "Single Machine Scheduling with Deteriorating Jobs." In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.1800.
Xiaoli Zhao and Gongshu Wang. "Single-machine scheduling with time-dependent deteriorating and job-dependent learning effects under a deteriorating maintenance activity." In 2014 11th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2014.7053159.
Sargeson, Tracey. "PG87 Deteriorating patient simulation and human factors." In Abstracts of the ASPiH 2020 Virtual Conference, 10–11 November 2020. The Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2020-aspihconf.135.
Biondini, Fabio, and Dan M. Frangopol. "Life-cycle robustness of deteriorating concrete structures." In International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.547.
Khandel, O., and M. Soliman. "Maintenance Optimization for Deteriorating Bridges under Uncertainty." In Structures Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481332.022.
Shibata, Hiroki, Nobuhiro Fukuyama, Joji Sakuma, Jun Mochizuki, and Yukinori Kimura. "Bridge concrete deteriorating diagnosis by infrared thermography." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Jonathan J. Miles, G. Raymond Peacock, and Kathryn M. Knettel. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.665441.
Dekle, Robert. The Deteriorating Fiscal Situation and an Aging Population. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9367.
Giannetti, Mariassunta, and Ralf R. Meisenzahl. Ownership Concentration and Performance of Deteriorating Syndicated Loans. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21033/wp-2021-10.
Davis, Charles E. Democracy and the Military: Are Civil-Military Relations Deteriorating? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada339174.
Sotelino, Elisa, and Ming-Hung Teng. Strengthening of Deteriorating Decks of Highway Bridges in Indiana Using FRPC. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313325.
Tsynkov, Semyon T. Non-Deteriorating Numerical Methods and Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Long-Term Integration of Maxwell's Equations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada427296.
Farber, Henry. Union Organizing Decisions in a Deteriorating Environment: The Composition of Representation Elections and the Decline in Turnout. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19908.
Dua, Rubal, Scott Hardman, Yagyavalk Bhatt, and Dimpy Suneja. Barriers to and Opportunities for Light-Duty Vehicle Electrification in India: Insights From a Survey of Experts. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp14.
According to the World Health Organization, India has the world’s worst air quality. Among other factors, vehicular pollution from the increasing stock of passenger vehicles has contributed to India’s deteriorating air quality. This increasing stock is also a factor in India becoming the third-highest oil-consuming and greenhouse gas (GHG)-emitting country worldwide.
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Barlow, Jos, Liana Anderson, Erika Berenguer, Pedro Brancalion, Nathalia Carvalho, Joice Ferreira, Rachael Garrett, et al. Policy Brief: Transforming the Amazon through ‘Arcs of Restoration’. Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/kjcs2175.
There is an urgent need for large-scale restoration across the Amazon, which has suffered decades of deteriorating ecological conditions and is fragile in the face of climate change. Restoration at scale can be achieved through seven complementary targets: (a) Achieve zero deforestation by 2030; (b) Avoiding forest degradation; (c) Restoring forests in protected areas; (d) Restoring forests in undesignated lands; (e) Restoring areas that have been cleared above the legal allowance on private lands; (f) Restoring forest cover beyond legal compliance; and (g) Sustainable restoration of degraded farmland.
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Li, Howell, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, Jairaj Desai, Timothy Wells, and Darcy M. Bullock. Extraction of Vehicle CAN Bus Data for Roadway Condition Monitoring. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317212.
Obtaining timely information across the state roadway network is important for monitoring the condition of the roads and operating characteristics of traffic. One of the most significant challenges in winter roadway maintenance is identifying emerging or deteriorating conditions before significant crashes occur. For instance, almost all modern vehicles have accelerometers, anti-lock brake (ABS) and traction control systems. This data can be read from the Controller Area Network (CAN) of the vehicle, and combined with GPS coordinates and cellular connectivity, can provide valuable on-the-ground sampling of vehicle dynamics at the onset of a storm. We are rapidly entering an era where this vehicle data can provide an agency with opportunities to more effectively manage their systems than traditional procedures that rely on fixed infrastructure sensors and telephone reports. This data could also reduce the density of roadway weather information systems (RWIS), similar to how probe vehicle data has reduced the need for micro loop or side fire sensors for collecting traffic speeds.
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Baudais, Virginie, and Souleymane Maïga. The European Union Training Mission in Mali: An Assessment. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/krbn9926.
This SIPRI Background Paper provides an overview of the European Union Training Mission in Mali (EUTM Mali) and assesses its impact on Mali’s conflict dynamics since it was established in 2013. The third of three country-specific papers, it is part of a larger SIPRI project analysing the effectiveness of the EU’s training missions in Somalia, the Central African Republic and Mali. All three papers will feed into a synthesis paper that will offer a comparative analysis of the missions and recommendations for the way forward. This paper analyses EUTM Mali’s main training and advisory activities, before assessing its political and operational impacts. It summarizes the main factors that account for the mission’s successes and limitations, and makes three recommendations to augment the future impact of the mission. It concludes that EUTM Mali has made an impact in terms of military capacity building, but that further progress is needed to improve coordination with the Malian Armed Forces (Forces Armées Maliennes, FAMA). In addition, EUTM Mali faces many obstacles that lie largely beyond its control, including the deteriorating security situation in the centre of Mali and in the border region of Liptako-Gourma
