Дисертації з теми "Diachronic studies"
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1
Nikolaev, Alexander Sergeevich. "Diachronic Poetics and Language History: Studies in Archaic Greek Poetry." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10489.
Анотація:
The broad objective of this dissertation is an interdisciplinary study uniting historical linguistics, classical philology, and comparative poetics in an attempt to investigate archaic Greek poetic texts from a diachronic perspective. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part, “Etymology and Poetics”, is devoted to several cases where scantiness of attestation and lack of semantic information render traditional philological methods of textual interpretation insufficient. In such cases, the meaning of a word has to be arrived at through linguistic analysis and verified through appeal to related poetic traditions, such as that of Indo-Iranian. Chapter 1 proposes a new interpretation for the enigmatic word ἀάατο̋, the Homeric epithet of the waters of the Styx, which is shown to have meant ‘sunless’. Chapter 2 deals with the word ἀριδείκετο̋, argued to mean ‘famous’: this solution finds support in the use of the root *dei̯k- in the poetic expression “to show forth praise”, found in Greek choral lyric and the Rigveda. Chapter 3 investigates the history of the verbs ἰάπτω ‘to harm’ and ἰάπτω ‘to send forth (to Hades)’. Chapter 4 improves the text of Pindar (O. 6.54), restoring a form ἀπειράτωι. Chapter 5 discusses the difficult word ἀμαυρό̋, establishing for it a meaning ‘weak’ and proposing a new etymology. Finally, Chapter 6 places Alc. 34 in the context of comparative mythology, with the object of reconstructing the history of the Lesbian lyric tradition. The second part, “Grammar of Poetry”, shifts the focus of the inquiry from comparative poetics to the language of early Greek poetry and its use. Chapter 7 addresses the problematic Homeric aorist infinitives in -έειν, showing how these artificial forms were created by allomorphic remodeling driven by metrical necessity; the problem is placed in the wider context of the debate about the transmission and development of Homeric epic diction. The metrical and linguistic facts relating to the distribution of infinitives are further discussed in Chapter 8, where it is argued that the unexpected Aeolic form νηφέμεν in Archil. 4 should be viewed as an intentional allusion to the epic tradition, specifically, the famous midsummer picnic scene in Hesiod.Linguistics
2
Helgason, Pétur. "Preaspiration in the Nordic languages : synchronic and diachronic aspects." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-4.
Анотація:
Preaspiration—the production of glottal friction at the juncture of a vowel and a consonant—appears to be typologically rare but is an areal linguistic feature of Northwestern Europe. This study contains a survey of the known geographical spread of preaspirated stops, their phonological distribution and phonetic expressions in some Nordic dialects. The study also suggests a reconstruction of the phonetics of the Proto-Nordic stop contrasts based on synchronic data as well as a more general framework of historical sound change. Following an introduction (Chapter 1), Chapter 2 deals with the definition and typology of preaspiration presenting a global overview of the known geographical spread of preaspiration. The apparent rarity of preaspiration is considered. Proposed, perceptually based explanations of this rarity are evaluated. Chapter 3 offers a fairly detailed account of the known areal spread of preaspiration in Europe. Stop systems of several dialects in which preaspiration occurs are analysed in terms of voicing conditions. These analyses are based mainly on descriptions provided in the dialectological literature. Chapter 4 presents data on durational variation and other phonetic patterns of stop production in Central Standard Swedish, Tórshavn Faroese, Gräsö Swedish and Western Åland Swedish. The results reveal a greater degree of phonetic variation than has been assumed to date. In particular, speakers of Central Standard Swedish are shown to use preaspiration as a regular feature in their voiceless stop production. In Chapter 5, finally, the results of the data analysis are used in an attempt to reconstruct the phonetic expression of stop contrasts in Proto-Nordic. It is argued that Proto-Nordic stop production was largely similar to the stop production of today’s Central Standard Swedish. As regards phonological structure, however, the Proto-Nordic stop contrasts appear to have been largely preserved in all dialects considered. This conclusion is found to be compatible with an expansion/contraction (E/C) model of historical sound change.För att köpa boken skicka en beställning till exp@ling.su.se/ To order the book send an e-mail to exp@ling.su.se
3
Hsu, Sheng-Chieh. "Bronze-Age Crete and Art Nouveau: A Diachronic Dialog." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/450833.
Анотація:
Art HistoryPh.D.
This dissertation examines the relationship between Minoan art and Art Nouveau. The Minoan civilization was rediscovered at the turn of the twentieth century when the Art Nouveau movement reached its peak. Due to this coincidental timing, their artistic resemblance has raised questions about whether Minoan art had inspired Art Nouveau and whether Art Nouveau played a role in the restoration of Minoan art. The possibility of a Minoan influence on Art Nouveau is considered through a number of aspects, which include news reports on the excavations, Minoan collections acquired by museums, reference to the Minoans in various fields, application of Minoan motifs, and the attractiveness of the Minoans to Art Nouveau artists. As for the reversed influence, the research analyzes how archaeologists came to see the Minoans as a “modern” civilization, investigates the background of the restorers of Minoan objects, and provides examples of fresco restorations that illustrate an Art Nouveau preference of the early archaeologists and restorers. With the evidence and the discussion, I argue that the existing connection between Minoan art and Art Nouveau is beyond doubt.
Temple University--Theses
4
Sugi, Hidemi. "Synchronic and diachronic studies on the Japanese inferential system daroo, mitai, rashii, soo, and yooda /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=790245971&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
5
Thorsteinsson, Vidar. "Diachronic Binding: The Novel Form and the Gendered Temporalities of Debt and Credit." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460469341.
6
Gavelin, Emma. "Conceptual metaphors: a diachronic study of LOVE metaphors in Mariah Carey's song lyrics." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-116716.
Анотація:
This essay is an account of an investigation of conceptual metaphors of LOVE in two albums by singer Mariah Carey. It also includes an investigation of if LOVE metaphors were used differently at the beginning of her career from how they are used twenty-four years later. The study is based on the singles of Carey's debut album and those of her latest album. The analysis showed that although the songs are separated by approximately twenty years the LOVE metaphors most reflected in the song lyrics were the same in both albums. The results also showed that the source concept which was most typically used overall was also reflected to describe the target concept in both albums. However, the variation of LOVE metaphors was greater in the singles of her debut album.
7
Riad, Tomas. "Structures in Germanic Prosody : A diachronic study with special reference to the Nordic languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Stockholm university, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371819613.
8
Falk, Johanna. "We will rock you : A diachronic corpus-based analysis of linguistic features in rock lyrics." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24249.
Анотація:
In the present paper, the potential of corpus-linguistic research is put into action. More specifically, a corpus-based demonstration of the general style used in rock lyrics is formed in order to identify the genre-specific features. A corpus consisting of roughly 53 000 words was created for this research. The focus lies on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the vocabulary as well as of the stylistic markers. The aim of this essay is to investigate the language used in the lyrics of rock music lyrics and the results of the research illustrate in what ways rock lyrics are either more spoken-like or written-like; whether rock lyrics mirror the general word usage in society, and in what ways rock music is comparable to other genres. Using the rock lyrics corpus (ROLC), trends within rock lyrics were retraced diachronically. Results show that rock lyrics, to some extent, follow the general word usage. However, other results also contradict this. Further research in this area is therefore encouraged. Findings show that rock music shares features with other genres, but also that that rock has some unique features. Developments and stagnations were detected in regards to word usage. These features are examined in order to find an explanation.
9
Bovin, Maria. "Occupational titles and supposed gender-neutrality : A corpus-based diachronic study on gender-neutral occupational titles in American English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130949.
Анотація:
Traditionally, some occupational titles have been explicitly marked for the gender of the group dominating the occupation. For example, in male-dominated occupations, titles often end with -man. However, since the second-wave feminist movement, several of the previously gender-biased titles have been supplemented by new, gender-neutral titles. Previous research has shown a discrepancy between researchers regarding the implications of these new titles. Some argue that the gender-neutral titles are only used for female referents, whereas others claim that gender-neutral titles, especially for male- dominated occupations, tend to still presuppose maleness. In the present paper, a corpus-based study is conducted on a few selected occupational titles. The aim is to investigate whether the gender-neutral alternatives have increased in usage over time, and whether the gender-biased ones have decreased. In addition, the study aims at examining whether the gender-neutral forms tend to be used primarily for women or men. The present study is corpus-based, examining the particular terms in the TIME Magazine Corpus. The results of the study show that there has been an increase of the gender-neutral forms since their introduction to English, and that they are primarily used when there is no explicit gender referencing. Proposed explanations for these results are that it may depend on the type of work involved in the selected occupations, as well as them being male-dominated. Furthermore, the results indicate that the gender- neutral terms are opted for when gender is either unknown or irrelevant for the context.
10
Uhlenbruch, Frauke. "The Nowhere Bible : the Biblical passage Numbers 13 as a case study of Utopian and Dystopian readings by diachronic audiences." Thesis, University of Derby, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/315827.
Анотація:
Applying utopian theory to the Bible reveals a number of issues surrounding the biblical text within academic disciplines such as biblical studies, which study the Bible as an ancient cultural artefact, and among religious readers of the Bible. The biblical passage Numbers 13 was chosen as a case study of a utopian reading of the image of the Promised Land to demonstrate the Bible’s multifaceted potential by externalising the presupposition brought to the text. The underlying method is derived from an ideal type procedure, appropriated from Weber. Instead of comparing phenomena to each other, one compares a phenomenon to a constructed ideal type. This method enables one to compare phenomena independently of exclusive definitions and direct linear influences. It has been suggested by biblical scholars that utopian readings of the Bible can yield insights into socio-political circumstances in the society which produced biblical texts. Using observations by Holquist about utopias’ relationships to reality it is asked if applying the concept of utopia to a biblical passage allows drawing conclusions about the originating society of the Hebrew Bible. The answer is negative. Theory about literary utopias is applied to the case study passage. Numbers 13 is similar to literary utopias in juxtaposing a significantly improved society with a home society, the motif of travellers in an unfamiliar environment, and the feature of a map which is graphically not representable. Noth’s reading of the biblical passage’s toponyms reveals that its map is a utopian map. Numbers 13 is best understood as a literary utopia describing an unrealistic environment and using common utopian techniques and motifs. Despite describing an unrealistic environment, the passage was understood as directly relevant to reality by readers throughout time, for example by Bradford. Following two Puritan readings, it is observed that biblical utopian texts have the potential of being applied in reality by those who see them as a call to action. If a literary utopia is attempted to be brought into reality, it becomes apparent that it marginalises those who are not utopian protagonists; in the case study passage, the non-Israelite tribes, in Bradford’s reading, the Native Nations in New England. The interplay of utopia and dystopia is explored and it is concluded that a definitive trait of literary utopias is their potential to turn into an experienced dystopia if enforced literally. This argument is supported by demonstrating that the utopian traits of the case study passage contain dystopian downsides if read from a different perspective. A contemporary utopian reading of the case study passage is proposed. Today utopian speculation most often appears in works of science fiction (SF). Motifs appearing in the case study passage are read as tropes familiar to a contemporary Bible reader from SF. Following D. Suvin’s SF theory, it is concluded that the Bible in the contemporary world can be understood as a piece of SF. It contains the juxtaposition of an estranged world with a reader’s experienced world as well as a potential utopian and dystopian message.
11
Wasserman, Gertruida Petronella. "Modality on trek : diachronic changes in written South African English across text and context / G.P. Wasserman." Thesis, North West University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13042.
Анотація:
This study describes the diachronic development of modality in South African English (henceforth SAfE) from the early 19th century up to its contemporary state (1820s to 1990s) in the registers of letters, news, fiction/narrative and non-fiction, on the basis of the theoretical framework of socio historical linguistics and the empirical approach of corpus linguistics. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are conducted for modal and quasi-modal verbs, by means of the newly compiled historical corpus of SAfE and ICE-SA (with the addition of Afrikaans corpora for comparison). The study explores general frequency changes, register-internal changes and macro- and micro semantic changes, with the focus of the main semantic analysis more strongly on the obligation and necessity cluster1. A set of parameters is compiled for analysing the strength of obligation in the modals must and should, and the quasi-modal HAVE to, and is applied in the micro semantic analyses. The findings are compared with the trends for modality in other native English’s, such as American, British and Australian English (cf. e.g. Mair & Leech, 2006; Collins, 2009a; Leech, 2011), in an attempt to present a complete and comprehensive description of SAfE modality, as opposed to the traditional approach of focusing on peculiar features. It is reported that the trends of modality in SAfE correspond to those of other native varieties in some cases, but do not correspond in others. The modals of SAfE for example have declined more and the quasi-modals have increased less over the 20th century than in other native varieties of English. One particular case, in which SAfE is reported to be unique among other varieties, is the quantitative and qualitative trends for must, which has some implications for the manifestation of the democratisation process. Must in SAfE has not declined significantly over the 20th century (as it has in other native varieties) and has become less face threatening, since uses with a median (weaker) degree of force are just as frequent as those with a higher degree of force by the 1990s (unlike in other native varieties, where must has become restricted to high-degree obligative contexts). Based on socio historical, as well as linguistic evidence (on both quantitative and qualitative levels), language contact with Afrikaans is posited as the main influence for the increased use of must in contexts that are not face threatening. Extrapolating from the semantic findings, some new insights are offered regarding the phase in which SAfE finds itself within Schneider’s (2003) model of the evolution of New English’s, and some support is offered for Bekker’s (2012:143) argument that “SAfE is ...the youngest of the colonial varieties of English”, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Ultimately, this thesis offers a piece in the larger puzzle that is SAfE, both in terms of linguistic (textual) and socio historical (contextual) aspects.PhD (English), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2014
12
Thurston, Timothy O'Connor. "Laughter on the Grassland: A Diachronic Study of A mdo Tibetan Comedy and the Public Intellectual in Western China." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430960495.
13
Alves, Canteiro Julie. ""No Justice, No Peace, No Racist Police" : A diachronic comparative study and analysis of the power relations revealed in French media discourses." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44302.
Анотація:
On May 26th, 2020, the world was shocked after learning that George Floyd had died at the hands of the police while being wrongfully arrested. Protests took place worldwide, demanding justice for Floyd as well as the end of the systematic racism present institutionally in police forces. In Europe, people started raising their voices, denouncing that this phenomenon was no stranger to the Old Continent. Indeed, the last few years have witnessed the media coverage of multiple cases of police violence based on ethnic grounds. The media play a key role as the source of information for the population, they decide what is going to be on the headline, catching people’s eye. France has especially attracted attention with its racial profiling practices that go against the 2001 European Code of Police Ethics acting as recommended guidelines for the Member States. Therefore, this study aims to analyse media discourses depicting three specific cases of police violence: the Adama Traoré Case, the Theo Luhaka Case, and the Michel Zecler Case. Following the model of Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, the point of this thesis is to find whether the power relations regulating the world can be identified within these discourses. By analysing the articles and finding similarities in how they portray the events then an idea of the institutional and societal power relations in France.
14
Tonetti, Ilenia. "Linguistic Trust-Building Strategies in Swiss Banks’ Public Discourse: : A Diachronic Study of Annual Reports and Corporate Responsibility Reports from UBS and Credit Suisse." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30335.
Анотація:
To be perceived as trustworthy in the eyes of the stakeholders is one of the main assets of any successful firm, for a positive image will reflect positively on business. This study focuses on the analysis of trust-building strategies in Annual Reports (ARs) and Corporate Responsibility Reports (CRRs) of two Swiss banks, UBS and Credit Suisse. The analysis aims to identify the linguistic means used to project a trustworthy image, as well as to point out any changes in their use which might have occurred after the financial crisis of 2008. For this purpose, a corpus of ARs and CRRs from the years 2007, 2012 and 2017 has been compiled. The corpus was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to identify the frequency and distribution of lexical expressions indexing competence, benevolence, and integrity. The results, though tentative, provide insights into the use of trust-building linguistic means and their diachronic development.
15
Wennemark, Ingela. "A diachronic study of the semantics of the adjectives mean and gay." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10317.
Анотація:
This essay explores the semantic change of the adjectives mean and gay from the 1920s to the2000s. This was done by going through concordance lines which was collected from the Time Corpus. The aim of the paper is to investigate if there has been any change of meaning of the two words, and if that is the case how have they changed. The results showed that both words have had a tremendous change in meaning, the most prominent one being the adjective gay which has gone from denoting something or someone who is happy to referring to a homosexual person. The adjective mean has also had a change in meaning, or has rather gained several new meanings along with the original one.
16
Demske-Neumann, Ulrike. "Merkmale und Relationen : diachrone Studien zur Nominalphrase des Deutschen /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377421782.
17
Widegren, Johannes. "The Laughter of Literature : A diachronic study of the social functions of laughter in British literature." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79777.
Анотація:
This paper investigates the historical development of the social functions of laughter in literature using linguistic analysis. Many previous studies have analyzed the connection between humor and laughter, but very few have looked at laughter in literature. In this paper, using the eight social functions of laughter defined by Foot and McCreaddie (2007), instances of the word laugh and its variants were analyzed in canonical British literature from the 14th century to the 21st and then compared. In the literature investigated, derision laughter was the most common function during the 15th through 17th centuries. In the centuries to follow humorous laughter took that position. An explanation for this could be that there was no clear division between derision laughter and humorous laughter until the 18th century (Classen, 2010). Also noted was an increase in the frequency of instances of laughter per 1000 words since the 17th century in the investigated literature, as well as an increase in variation of social functions used. The low frequency of laughter in the past may have been a result of the teachings of the church in England. The increased variation in functions of laughter could indicate that the pragmatic feature of laughter has acquired new functions, or that some functions were not depicted in the older literature of this study.
18
Wibom, Linn. "“All Can Achieve Beauty” : A Diachronic Multimodal Text Analysis of Skin Care Advertisements 1920-2013." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169823.
Анотація:
Advertisements are multimodal texts created to get attention from potential customers in order to sell products. Previous research has shown how advertisements’ visual and verbal features make up ideological codes that are used to affect readers. To interpret these codes and gain an understanding of advertisements as communicative artifacts, a linguistic approach needs to be merged with a multimodal approach. In this study systemic functional grammar and multimodal semiotics are applied to ten skin care advertisements by Elizabeth Arden from 1920-2013. The aim is to investigate how the relationship between skin care companies and their potential customers is constructed through the use of language and images in skin care advertisements. Furthermore, the study aims to analyze whether and how the relationship between skin care companies and customers change over time. The findings indicate that the reader is constructed as unequal to Elizabeth Arden. The results also show a longitudinal difference in that the reader and the writer are constructed as closer in earlier advertisements and more distant in later advertisements. The language is also less demanding in recent years. Furthermore, the findings show that later skin care advertisements, unlike earlier advertisements, refer to science. The change might be an indication that societal and consumer values are evolving. Hence, the result might reflect societal changes.
19
Lyonnet, Bernard. "Sens d'autrefois : pour une sémantique interprétative de l'archive celtique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC004/document.
Анотація:
Dans le cadre général d’une sémiotique des cultures, cette recherche a utilisé les propositions épistémologiques et méthodo-logiques de la sémantique interprétative pour renouveler l’analyse de textes irlandais médiévaux. Le but était d’apporter une contribution à une problématique générale intéressant les sciences du langage, mais aussi les sciences historiques : comment fonder la pertinence scientifique d’une interprétation de textes et signes anciens appartenant à une culture différente ? Pour cela il a été choisi de viser les faits sémantiques qui interviennent dans les processus de transfert de sens que la tradition rhétorique nomme comparaison, métaphore ou symbole. L’approche méthodologique a nécessité l’édition d’un corpus interlinéaire offrant un accès direct aux données de l’Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language. L’étude du lexique a confronté les possibilités définitoires aux afférences contextuelles observées par un relevé systématique des isotopies ciblées.Sur le plan sémantique, l’analyse des processus différentiels qui structurent les molécules sémiques a permis d’observer la circulation des sèmes marquant les analogies intentionnelles. Sur le plan diachronique, la description du système de valeur, pris dans sa globalité, fonde la pertinence de l’interprétation en ce qu’il intègre les normes sociales du contexte historique du signe. Sur le plan des études celtiques, l’analyse des correspondances entre les domaines de l’orientation spatiale, des cycles temporels et des fonctions sociales donne un nouvel accès à la complexité du système de pensée de cette culture. Les formes sémantiques décrites fournissent de nouveaux modèles pour des comparaisons. Sur cette base, les expressions de l’association arbre-savoir ont été décrites pour apporter une solution aux problèmes de l’étymologie de la lexie druid- et proposer le dépassement des approches lexicales monographiques par l’approche intertextuelleWithin the general framework of a semiotic of cultures, this research has used the epistemological and methodological propositions of the interpretative semantic to renew the analysis of the medieval Irish texts. The aim was to make a contribution to a general question concerning the language sciences but also the historical sciences : How to set up the scientific relevance of a text interpretation and ancient signs that belongs to a different culture ? With this mind, it has been decided to aim at semantic facts which intervene in the transfer process of meaning that the rhetoric tradition name comparison, metaphor or symbol. The methodological approach has required the edition of an interlinear corpus giving a direct access to the data of the Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language. The study of the lexis has compared the defining possibilities to the contextual afferences has been observed by a systematic survey of targeted isotopies.On the semantic level, the analysis of the differential processes that structures the semic molecules has enabled the possibility to observe the semes circulation that highlight the intentional analogies. On the diachronic approach, the description of the value system taken as a whole, set up the interpretation’s relevance because it’s integrating the social standards of the sign’s historical background. With regard to the Celtic studies, the analysis of correspondence between the fields of spatial orientation, the time cycle and the social functions gives a new access to the complexity of this culture’s system of thought. The described semantic patterns provide new models for comparisons. On this basis, the expressions of association tree-knowledge has been described to find a solution to etymological problems of the lexis druid- and suggest to go beyond the monographic lexical approaches by the intertextual approach
20
Dorla, Erica. "Approche diachronique des parcours scolaires des enfants accueillis en protection de l'enfance : une succession de difficultés à surmonter." Thesis, Paris 10, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA100156.
Анотація:
Le caractère déficitaire des trajectoires scolaires des enfants accueillis en protection de l’enfance est aujourd’hui un fait bien établi. Ce phénomène est significatif, persistant et universel. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’explorer les facteurs explicatifs influençant la qualité des parcours scolaires des enfants accueillis en protection de l’enfance. Cette recherche comprend deux types d’analyse. Le premier est diachronique linéaire, à savoir l’évolution des parcours scolaires de la période antérieure au placement jusqu’à la sortie du dispositif. Le deuxième est contextuel, systémique et circulaire en ouvrant un dialogue dynamique interposé entre les différents acteurs concernés, tout au long de la construction de ce phénomène. Le but est d’éclairer les perspectives des acteurs dans un ensemble de représentations et de comportements permettant d’approcher au plus près la complexité du phénomène. Une méthodologie de combinaison d’approches, d’outils et de modes de recueil de données a été retenue : approche quantitative par questionnaires, analyse de textes juridiques et de dossiers administratifs, et approche qualitative par entretiens. L’étude montre la présence de difficultés scolaires avant l’entrée dans le dispositif. Une faible priorité accordée à la scolarité en protection de l’enfance sur le plan institutionnel est relevée. Des améliorations mesurées des situations scolaires sont notées durant le placement dans un contexte de facteurs d’influence multiples. Enfin, la perspective des mineurs et jeunes majeurs accueillis met en évidence la forte présence de projets professionnels mais dans un contexte de vulnérabilité à la veille de la sortie du dispositifThe fact that the educational trajectories of children in out-of-home care are deficient is now well established. This phenomenon is significant, persistent and universal. The aim of this research is to explore the explanatory factors which influence the quality of the educational pathways of children in care. This research includes two types of analysis. The first is diachronic and linear, i.e. the evolution of schooling from the period prior to placement until the child leaves care. The second is contextual, systemic and circular, opening up a dynamic dialogue between the different actors involved, throughout the construction of this phenomenon. The aim is to highlight the perspectives of the actors into a set of representations and behaviours that allow the complexity of the phenomenon to be approached more closely. A methodology combining approaches, tools and data-collection methods was chosen: a quantitative approach which uses questionnaires, analysis of legal texts and administrative files, and a qualitative approach which uses individual interviews. The study shows that academic difficulties are present before children enter the system. A low priority given to schooling in care at the institutional level was noted. Measured improvements in schooling situations are noted during the placement in a context of multiple influencing factors. Finally, the perspective of minors and young adults in care highlights that a large majority of them have professional plans but in a context of vulnerability on the eve of leaving the care system
21
Lindqvist, Ingemar. "Arabismos en el español cotidiano : Un estudio diacrónico de frecuencias." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194102.
Анотація:
La larga presencia histórica de arabehablantes en la península ibérica tuvo como resultado la inclusión de préstamos léxicos, a menudo llamados arabismos, en el español. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido comparar el uso de estos arabismos en el español cotidiano moderno con el del siglo XVI. Con este fin, se presenta una enumeración ordenada de los arabismos más frecuentes en el español moderno y se la compara con una lista correspondiente del español del siglo XVI. Las listas están basadas en dos corpus que maneja la Real Academia Española. Se realzan las semejanzas y diferencias entre las dos listas y se discuten las posibles explicaciones de cambios en popularidad para los arabismos respectivos. Además, se presentan cálculos del porcentaje total de arabismos en el español de hoy y el del siglo XVI. Para este cálculo han sido usadas novelas de las dos épocas. Las novelas escogidas están todas arraigadas el las dos Castillas; por consiguiente, la comparación del porcentaje se limitará al español castellano. El estudio añade información cuantitativa que hasta ahora parece faltar respecto al conocimiento existente de arabismos en el español. El resultado de la investigación indica que la frecuencia de arabismos en la lengua cotidiana ha disminuido solo marginalmente desde el siglo XVI, mientras que el número de arabismos distintos en el uso corriente del español ha sufrido una reducción más pronunciada y el número de raíces hispanoárabes utilizadas ha decrecido aún más. Aproximadamente la mitad de los arabismos más frecuentes en el siglo XVI todavía mantienen esta posición; para la mayoría de los arabismos que han experimentado un aumento o reducción evidente en popularidad de uso existen explicaciones plausibles en forma de cambios en la sociedad.The long-lasting historical presence of Arabic-speaking groups on the Iberian Peninsula resulted in various lexical loans, often referred to as arabisms, in Spanish. The objective of this investigation has been to compare the use of these arabisms in modern colloquial Spanish with that of the 16th century. For this purpose an ordered list of the most frequent arabisms found in modern Spanish is presented and compared with a similar list of arabisms found in texts from the 16th century. The lists are based on two corpus managed by the Royal Spanish Academy. Similarities and differences between the two lists are highlighted and possible explanations for the change in popularity of the respective arabisms are discussed. In addition, calculations of the total percentage of arabisms in current and 16th century Spanish are presented. Novels from the respective periods are used as a basis for these calculations. All the chosen novels are rooted in Castile; consequently, the percentage comparison is limited to Castilian Spanish. The study adds quantitative information that currently seems to be lacking to the existing knowledge of arabisms in Spanish. The result of the investigation indicates that the frequency of arabisms in colloquial language has diminished marginally since the 16th century, whereas the number of distinct arabisms in everyday usage of Spanish has suffered a more pronounced reduction and the number of hispanoarabic roots used has decreased even more. Approximately half of the most frequent arabisms in the 16th century still maintain this position; for a majority of the arabisms that have experienced an evident increase or decrease in popularity there exist plausible explanations in the form of changes in society.
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Luokkala, Rosaleena. "”It grew a day of expectation” : A diachronic corpus study on the evolution of the verb grow in British English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165964.
Анотація:
English has an extraordinary number of labile verbs, that is, verbs that can be used both transitively with a causative sense and intransitively with an inchoative sense. This corpus-based study investigates the evolution of the verb grow from exclusively intransitive to labile in British English in the Late Modern English period. A random sample of 500 instances of the verb grow was drawn from the period 1710-1780 as well as from the period 1850-1920 of the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts in order to track diachronic changes. The instances in the samples were categorized according to their verb pattern and type of complement (if any), and instances of the past participle grown were also categorized based on the auxiliary used (be/have/none). The study suggests that grow came to be used transitively when resultative intransitive constructions (e.g. be grown (over)) were reanalyzed as passives; that the use of noun phrase complements with copular grow decreased and became archaic to make the distinction between copular and transitive uses less ambiguous; and that the fact that the be-auxiliary was replaced by the have-auxiliary in perfect constructions helped avoid ambiguity between intransitive and transitive uses of grow. Thus, the study provides some empirical evidence for Visser's (1963) hypothesis that the change from be- to have-perfects played a central role in the acquisition of lability.
23
Jansson, Magnus. "Anrede im Wandel? : Eine diachrone Studie des Anredeverhaltens in Deutschland anhand der Talkshow Wetten, dass..? 1981-2014." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för slaviska och baltiska språk, finska, nederländska och tyska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-185698.
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Andersson, Johan. "Bug Report: A Study of Semantic Change during the Digital Revolution." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-189593.
Анотація:
Semantic change is a phenomenon that has been subject to a lot of research during the past few decades. However, a large part of the existing research has been conducted with the goal of finding causes of change or creating typologies in order to classify different types of changes. The present study has been conducted with the aim to examine how a specific extra-linguistic factor has affected a select few words. The extra-linguistic factor that is the focal point of this study is the rapid technological change during what is known as the digital revolution. This essay explores how the digital revolution has affected the uses of four words: bug, web, mouse,and cloud. The first part of this study was a collocational analysis of these four words. The results of the collocational analysis indicated that changes occurred during certain time periods. A closer context analysis was performed for each of the words on the time period during which a semantic change was suspected to occur. The findings of this essay are that all the examined words have gotten new technological meanings during the past 70 years, thus exhibiting semantic widening. All four words are currently polysemous words. Replacive change, meaning a change in the primary meaning of a word, is only apparent in web. The remaining words keep their primary senses throughout the examined period, and the new senses are added as periphery senses. The trends in the usage of these words indicate that it is possible that more of them will undergo replacive change, however, it is too early to tell.
25
Kürschner, Sebastian. "Deklinationsklassen-Wandel : eine diachron-kontrastive Studie zur Entwicklung der Pluralallomorphie im Deutschen, Niederländischen, Schwedischen und Dänischen /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783110205015.
26
Kürschner, Sebastian. "Deklinationsklassen-Wandel eine diachron-kontrastive Studie zur Entwicklung der Pluralallomorphie im Deutschen, Niederländischen, Schwedischen und Dänischen." Berlin New York, NY de Gruyter, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990069230/04.
27
Ranitovic, Ana. "Why do they call it Ras̆ka when they mean Sandz̆ak? : on the synchrony and diachrony of identities in southwest Serbia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1459bcc0-0c7b-41d3-ae22-7ff8cd2848c8.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates the diverse ways in which social agents construct the relationship between past, present and future through a study of historical consciousness and its role in the negotiation of identity and shifting power relations in the border region of Southwest Serbia. The focus of the research falls on ethnic relations between Serbs and Bosniaks, who predominantly inhabit the area, and the boundaries that they imagine surround the world they live in. The goal has been to trace the life of these ethnic boundaries, and with it the relationships between those who imagine them by following their transformations in history, as well as to inquire into elements of social patterns that may be discernable within a contextualized and historicized analysis of the region. In order to achieve this, I have analysed the diverse pasts and futures that coalesce in the many 'time spaces' that Southwest Serbia's social actors inhabit in any present moment and from which they (re)construct these boundaries and their identities. The research has been situated within the wider anthropological discussion about the relation of culture (memory) and history and draws on insights made by relevant studies and ethnographies conducted on the territory of the former Yugoslavia. The data presented demonstrates that ethnicity and nationality are not fully crystalized as concepts in Southwest Serbia, their contents are imagined in inconsistent ways in and between social groups, while ethno-national identities and histories are not on the whole felt to be crucial to one's personal sense of self, but are perceived and put to use as malleable political resources. As a result, the most dominant allegiance in Southwest Serbia is to one's family, the only group whose 'essence' escapes political malleability and whose members share a common cross-temporal vision.
28
Autenrieth, Tanja. "Heterosemie und Grammatikalisierung bei Modalpartikeln : eine synchrone und diachrone Studie anhand von "eben", "halt", "e(cher)t", "einfach", "schlicht" und "glatt /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39918290n.
29
Holmgren, Rylander Linda. "La autorrealización en el Camino de Santiago : Un análisis diacrónico sobre la representación de la autorrealización y el camino como símbolo de la vida en la poesía sobre el Camino a Santiago de Compostela." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182225.
Анотація:
En el presente estudio realizaré un análisis diacrónico de la representación de la autorrealización en cinco poemas seleccionados sobre el Camino de Santiago. Los poemas elegidos son los siguientes, en orden cronológico: “Don Gaiferos de Mormaltán” de un autor anónimo, “A Santiago” de Fray Luis de León, “Camino blanco, viejo camino” de Rosalía de Castro, “Peregrino” de Luis Cernuda y “El Camino de Santiago” de Francisco Vaquerizo. Los textos mencionados representan poemas que han sido escritos desde la Edad Media hasta la actualidad. El presente análisis se concentra en el tema de la autorrealización y cómo se representa en la poesía del Camino de Santiago, y, además, analizamos el camino como símbolo de la vida. El análisis se realiza en cinco secciones y cada una corresponde a un poema seleccionado. Cada sección se divide entre los dos temas esenciales: la representación de la autorrealización y el camino como símbolo de la vida. Por último, hacemos un breve análisis comparativo entre los poemas. El análisis se realiza a través de la teoría de isotopías de Greimas (1966) y unos conceptos poéticos de Bousoño (1962) y Lapesa (1962). Además, las reflexiones se basan en el análisis en los conceptos de Kurt Goldstein (1940) y Abraham Maslow (1943) sobre el concepto de la autorrealización. Por lo tanto, la teoría isotópica funciona como una herramienta retórica para buscar las palabras de cada poema que tiene el mismo sentido semántico en común. Los resultados del análisis muestran un fuerte deseo de seguir adelante, no volver atrás y tener una creencia firme religiosa o espiritual para continuar el camino. Además, es posible percibir el camino como un símbolo de la vida, dado que hay un movimiento con un comienzo y un fin en la mayoría de los textos. Los resultados igualmente indican que hay ciertos aspectos similares en relación con la autorrealización tanto el poema de la Edad Media como en el poema del siglo XXI.
30
Dergacheva, Irina. "Отбор союзов для русского словника шведско-русского и русско-шведского словаря Мини+". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Slaviska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97827.
Анотація:
The purpose of this paper is to work out criteria for selection of Russian conjunctions for the Swedish-Russian and Russian-Swedish dictionary Mini+ and to suggest a list of conjunctions to be included in it. The present study aims at collecting information, classifying it and examining Russian conjunctions in present-day Russian. The study also systemizes gathered material according to its diachronic features and makes corpus-based co-occurrence analysis, using Russian National Corpus (RNC) and Google Scholar. The paper presents a list of conjunctions to be included into the Russian part of the lexicon, based primarily on their grammatical and stylistic criteria as well as the results of the corpus-based frequency analysis. The choice takes into consideration limitations in size of the given dictionary. Out of a total 272 conjunctions, 55 were chosen for the Russian Swedish Mini+ dictionary. The major group (35) is simple conjunctions that frequently occur in corpus-based search and that are necessary to build basic grammar structures as well as other compound conjunctions, ex. а, даже, едва, если, чтобы, хотя. The second group (13) is compound conjunctions that are important for building most frequent subordinate clauses. The third group (7) is compound conjunctions that frequently occur in corpora.
31
Chang, Chunching. "A Diachronic and Synchronic Examination of the Disposal Construction in Min and Mandarin Chinese." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/898.
Анотація:
The process of language development is quite complex, it occurs under the interactions between diachronic derivation and synchronic derivation. This paper examines the development of Chinese language through the scope of disposal construction to provide evidence that diachronic and synchronic derivations could affect the development of a language simultaneously.
From the progression of disposal prepositions in Mandarin based on historical documents, we can observe how diachronic derivation took place. Also, through diachronic derivation, it is safe to say that the earlier sentence structures can have an impact on later sentence structures.
By comparing the disposal constructions between Mandarin and Min dialect, the syntactic characteristics and limitations present the possibility of synchronic derivation, which is the result of language contact. The findings of this paper demonstrates the features of language contact through the borrowing of disposal prepositions, and the similarities and differences between the syntax of disposal sentence structure of Mandarin and Min dialect.
32
Seemann, Katinka [Verfasser]. "Zur Frage einer spezifischen Konnotation deutscher Lehnwörter im Polnischen : diachrone Studien an synonymischen Konstellationen / von Seemann, Katinka." 2009. http://d-nb.info/100754967X/34.