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Статті в журналах з теми "Digital service platforms":
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Saberian, Fatemeh, Mirahmad Amirshahi, Mahdi Ebrahimi, and Asieh Nazemi. "Linking digital platforms' service dimensions to customers' purchase." Bottom Line 33, no. 4 (July 6, 2020): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-01-2020-0001.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to identify the dimensions of digital platforms' services quality and their impact on customers' purchase intent based on customer experience. Design/methodology/approach The research has a mixed method. Qualitative data is gathered by using of systematic literature review and Delphi method and quantitative data is gathered through survey of 412 experts from three well-known restaurant industry platforms. These restaurant digital platforms were Snapfood, Changal and Chelivery. Findings The results indicate the effect of platforms' service quality dimensions on customer hedonic and cognitive experiences. Also, the results indicate that the platforms' customers attach different priority to the various dimensions of platforms' services quality which are platform services' ease of use, platform information quality, services and products quality, platform customers interaction, platform design, platform response speed, platform services' trustiness, platform services' security and platform responsibility. Finally, the results showed that all of these dimensions have positive impact on customers' purchase intent based on their experiences. Originality/value The development of digital service platforms despite being new, has recently great progress, but, many dimensions of digital platforms' services quality have been not well-known yet. The present research has cleared the subject.
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Montero, Juan J., and Matthias Finger. "Platformed! Network industries and the new digital paradigm." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 18, no. 3-4 (September 2017): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591718782310.
Анотація:
Digitalization is creating a new model of industrial organization as online platform intermediate in multisided markets. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the platform paradigm provides a simple and useful framework to analyze the impact of digitalization on network industries. The first online platforms (searches and social platforms) disrupted content industries (music, newspapers, media, etc.) but as platforms proliferate, they are also disrupting industries with physical assets, such as accommodation. Disruption has reached network industries, and similar features emerge as they are all being “platformed.” On the one hand, platform-based services are replacing traditional network industry services. This is the case of electronic mail and postal service and carpooling platforms and railways. On the other hand, platforms are commoditizing network industry services, as they become mere sides in multisided markets coordinated by a platform. This is the case of telecom services and over the top providers (WhatsApp, Skype, and YouTube) and, potentially, of isolated transport services and “Mobility-as-a-Service” platforms. Regulation is becoming a key consideration. First, there is a debate on whether platforms should be subject to the same regulatory obligations as traditional network players. Second, there is a debate on whether platforms should have access to network services under regulated terms. Overall, platforms are replacing former monopolists in the central role as coordinators of the sector.
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Mahgoub, Yasmin, Niklas Arvidsson, and Alberto Urueña. "Emergence of a Digital Platform Based Disruptive Mobile Payments Service." International Journal of E-Business Research 14, no. 3 (July 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2018070101.
Анотація:
Banks are motivated to be interested in developing platforms to provide mobile payment services to their customer and for those to be innovative. However, the successful implementation of a mobile payments service platform is mainly determined by how much players are fully motivated to realize it. In fact, in the Swedish context, the involvement level of mobile payment service platforms are very high whereas few studies have examined the related issues of mobile payments service platform. Thus, the purpose of this article is to investigate the factors leading banks to develop platforms and how banks manage these platforms. Data was collected by conducting interviews of applicable banks. The results mainly showed that the driving factors are significantly influenced by contextual factors, mutual objectives and opportunities. This article also looks forward to providing the payment industry with applicable guidelines for efficiently implementing and designing mobile payment service platforms.
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Anthony Jnr, Bokolo, Sobah Abbas Petersen, Markus Helfert, Dirk Ahlers, and John Krogstie. "Modeling pervasive platforms and digital services for smart urban transformation using an enterprise architecture framework." Information Technology & People 34, no. 4 (May 12, 2021): 1285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-07-2020-0511.
Анотація:
PurposeIn smart cities pervasive systems are deployed by enterprises and stakeholders in municipalities to provide digital services to citizens. But cities are faced with the challenge of achieving system pluggability, mainly service integration due to numerous actors and systems needed for smart urban transformation. Hence, there is need to employ a comprehensive and holistic approach to help achieve service integration of pervasive platforms. Therefore, this study presents an Enterprise Architecture Framework (EAF) to support smart urban transformation.Design/methodology/approachIn this study the design science research methodology is adopted based on a multi-case studies of two organizations and data is collected using semi-structured interview from an organizations and municipality in Norway to validate how service integration can be achieved by the developed EAF to address pluggability challenges faced in urban environment.FindingsFindings suggest that the presented EAF provides the structure to manage changes and maintain urban transformation and aims to align the business with the underlying information systems from the perspective of the stakeholders. Additionally, findings from the case studies modelled in ArchiMate language depict how service integration of different pervasive platforms provide digital services for smart urban transformation.Research limitations/implicationsThis research only employed semi-structured interviews to validate service integration of digital platforms, other identified dimensions of pluggability were not fully addressed in this study.Practical implicationsFindings from the case studies provides insights on how pervasive platforms can be integrated to achieve a pluggable digital service from different stakeholders and data sources in practice. The developed EAF presented in this study provide a model that supports collection and exchange of data from different data sources in smart urban environment to enable the provision and consumption of digital services.Social implicationsThe developed EAF aids system pluggability of actors and systems in providing digital service such as smart urban transformation that contributes to sustainable use of electric mobility in cities.Originality/valueAs cities increasingly deploy pervasive platforms to support urban innovation, researchers are seeking to explore how these platforms shape urban transformation. Presently, prior studies do not offer important insights into pervasive platform management from urban perspective. Against this backdrop, this study employs the information systems perspective of digital platforms literature roots in software development and physical product development to depict how the EAF can be employed to describe specific cases that integrate different pervasive platforms deployed by different stakeholders communicating to co-create collective digital services to citizens.
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Л.А., Кургузенкова, та Федоренко А.І. "Цифрові платформи як рушійна сила цифрової трансформації економіки". Economics and Management, № 86(1) (28 лютого 2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36919/2312-7812.1.2020.127.
Анотація:
The article deals with the theoretical aspects of structures such as digital platforms, the revelation of the contemporary importance of digital platforms for economic and social development. Digital platforms have been found to be a relatively new phenomenon that has evolved over the last ten years. Approaches of scientists and practitioners to define the definition of «digital platform», their composition, common and distinguishing features between existing types of digital platforms are analyzed. The study found that most scholars are unanimous in identifying the digital platform as a key digital transformation tool that provides information sharing and transactions between a large number of online users. Generalizing scientists’ claims, the author defines an online platform by which we understand bilateral or multilateral markets with an infrastructure that operates online and facilitates transactions between different parties in the process of buying and selling goods and services. It is established that the largest companies in the world by the index of market capitalization now use platform business models. The stages of digital transformation of the market using digital platforms are presented, each of the six stages is characterized. The advantages of enterprises as a result of application of platform business models are highlighted. The strategies of monetization of digital platforms are considered, the mechanism of realization of each of them is described. Thus, it can be argued that digital platforms are a breakthrough innovation that can radically change the structure of the national market. On the one hand, digital platforms help to avoid the intermediary chain, offering the ultimate consumer the full range of options. On the other hand, in the case of «digital monopoly», the owners of successful platforms receive effective market control levers (including information asymmetries) and can impose their pricing policies on service consumers. In these circumstances, the «traditional» business in strategic terms is threatened by the risk of loss of distribution channels and full dependence on platform owners.
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Świątkowski, Andrzej. "STATUS OF PARTIES DIGITAL LEGAL RELATIONS: CASUS OF THE UBER SHIPPING COMPANY." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 4, no. XX (December 30, 2020): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8438.
Анотація:
The unclear and uncertain status of parties to legal relations established on employment platforms to obliges to reflect on the role of EU Member States in shaping and regulating employment relations on employment platforms. Terms of employment on service platforms do not even come close to established and universally applicable labor standards. Only a few EU Member States partly regulated some aspects of passenger transport and the situation of drivers and couriers. Casus of the Uber platform and other similar service platforms indicates the need to extend the EU’s autonomous concept of an employee to professionally active also within employment platforms
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Zhao, Gui Fen. "The Study on Knowledge Service Models in Digital Library." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.43.
Анотація:
The integration of DL and distance education is a significant topic of theoretical and practical research. This paper mainly discusses the principles of knowledge service of DL and four knowledge service models for distance education under the principles, namely, specialized service model based on subject knowledge base, content-based reference service model, personalized custom-made service model, and teamwork service model. The key point of realizing these models is to take distance education users as the center, set up subject information service platform, personalized information push platform, subject librarian knowledge service platform and platform for learning resource sharing and system interoperability, and properly integrate these platforms.
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Zhou, Qing. "eBook Service in Shanghai Library." International Journal of Librarianship 1, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2016.vol1.1.16.
Анотація:
In the 21st century, with the rapid development of mobile Internet, people's reading habits have started shifting from the traditional paper-based media, to completely new media such as cell phones, eBook readers, tablet PCs and so on. "Shanghai Library’s Urban Digital Reading Service Platform" integrates all types of collections of digital resources to support eBook readers, tablet PCs, smart phones and other types ofmobiledevices. Thisplatformprovidesaconvenient,low-costandfriendlylearninginterfacetoonline users, providing one of the best reading experiences. This also creates a one-stop public library reading platform, and meets the reader’s need for reading on the go. By investigating and researching libraries’ experiences and requirements for digital reading platforms and its internationalization service, this paper will discuss its further development.
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Faggini, Marisa, Silvia Cosimato, Francesco David Nota, and Giancarlo Nota. "Pursuing Sustainability for Healthcare through Digital Platforms." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010165.
Анотація:
Sustainability, as well as the sustainable use of resources and related issues, has inspired a long-lasting and lively debate among scholars of different disciplines. Due to under-investigation of several of the sustainability-related challenges, this paper aims to better understand the system dynamics that, supported by some digital enablers (e.g., digital technologies and platforms), boost the sustainability of complex service systems such as healthcare. To this end, the theoretical meta-model of interaction types, which inspired the prototype digital platform dedicated to the online delivery of health-related services, is presented. Moreover, some healthcare usage scenarios, based on the prototype’s functions, are analysed and discussed. This allows understanding of how important the role of technologies and, in particular, digital platforms, are in empowering actors and in making them willing to interact, and share their own resources in continually new ways. This paves the way for ongoing value co-creation, which is essential for healthcare system sustainability.
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Simonsson, Johan, Mats Magnusson, and Anders Johanson. "Organizing the Development of Digital Product-Service Platforms." Technology Innovation Management Review 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1335.
Дисертації з теми "Digital service platforms":
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Chowdhury, Soumitra. "Service Logic in Digitalized Product Platforms : A Study of Digital Service Innovation in the Vehicle Industry." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Människa och Informationsteknologi (MI-lab), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29574.
Анотація:
The digitalization of products has become an important driver for service innovation in manufacturing firms. The embedding of digital technology in previously non-digital products creates digitalized product platforms that enable digital service innovation. Digital service innovation offers new business opportunities for manufacturing industries, as well as challenges established premises for value creation. While digital service innovation can be found in many manufacturing industries, this thesis studies service logic in digitalized product platforms in the vehicle industry. Existing Information Systems (IS) literature presents challenges in digital service innovation relating to value, architecture, and generativity. The design of the architecture of digitalized product platforms requires the identification and combination of digital and non-digital assets. Understanding the architectural aspects is useful in digital service innovation. Moreover, with growing instances of generative digital technologies, it is challenging to develop strategies to leverage generativity for service design in digitalized product platforms. While digital technologies are embedded in products, the role of technology-embeddedness in value creation of digital services is relatively unexplored. Drawing on these challenges, this thesis describes and conceptualizes the underlying premises brought by the architecture and generativity to the value creation of services in digitalized product platforms. The research question addressed in this thesis is: What are the underlying premises for services in digitalized product platforms? To address the question, an interpretive qualitative research approach was adopted in a collaborative research project concerning services enabled by digitalization of vehicles. Drawing on digital innovation and service literature, this thesis presents a theoretical perspective on the role of the architecture and generativity of digitalized product platforms for value creation of digital services. This perspective is conceptualized as underlying premises for this specific class of services. The premises frame the service logic in digitalized product platforms and provide a ground for understanding services in digitalized product platforms in relation to value dimensions, architecture and generativity. The premises are based on five concepts: value-in-architecture, value-in-connectivity, fundamental asset for value creation, mutual dependence of modular and layered modular assets, and re-evaluation of value propositions. The proposed premises offer a basis for understanding value creation of this class of services, and guidance for manufacturing firms designing digitalized product platforms.
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Hennart, Jean-François. "Digitalized service multinationals and international business theory." Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00256-2.
Анотація:
Banalieva and Dhanaraj argue that digital service multinationals (DSMNCs) possess a new category of firm-specific advantage (FSA), the network advantage, and that, contrary to extant theory, they use networks as a mode of governance. I review the business models used by DSMNCs, compare them to non-digital ones, and explore what we can learn about them from extant IB theory. I conclude that network advantages are not a new category of FSAs, that networks are not a mode of governance, and that their use by DSMNCs is well explained by extant theory.
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Shahid, Shantana. "Setting Up Shop in the Digital Bazaar – Bangladeshi Blue-Collar Service-Providers’ Adoption of a Business Aggregator." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22501.
Анотація:
This essay explores the early experiences of Bangladeshi blue-collar service workers in digitalising their livelihoods. It is a qualitative study that surveys and interviews service-providers in Dhaka who use the business aggregator platform Sheba.xyz, an online service marketplace, and seeks to understand what brought these self-employed micro-entrepreneurs, previously outside the digital economy, to adopt an ICT-enabled solution. The study is guided by Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, one of the historically dominant paradigms in the field of communication for development (C4D). The overarching research question is, “Why did blue-collar service-providers in Dhaka adopt and use a digital business aggregator platform?” The aim is to explore what motivated/discouraged and enabled/hindered innovation adoption among a group of users previously marginalised from digital and financial inclusion. The findings suggest that adoption of Sheba.xyz among service-providers was not driven so much by a desire to digitalise one’s business per se, and as a means of mitigating a previous inability to do so. Rather, the factors that emerge from the qualitative data are other perceived relative advantages of the solution – of increase in customers, income, and opportunity. Survey respondents and interviewees also displayed strong affiliation with, and trust in, the platform provider; an alertness for fair treatment; and a drive to prosper, suggesting that they embraced a comprehensive concept and altered life situation where belonging, respect, and self-fulfilment matters, rather than narrowly adopted a new mobile application.
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Deval, Niharika. "Empirical Evaluation of Cloud IAAS Platforms using System-level Benchmarks." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/765.
Анотація:
Cloud Computing is an emerging paradigm in the field of computing where scalable IT enabled capabilities are delivered ‘as-a-service’ using Internet technology. The Cloud industry adopted three basic types of computing service models based on software level abstraction: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Infrastructure-as-a-Service allows customers to outsource fundamental computing resources such as servers, networking, storage, as well as services where the provider owns and manages the entire infrastructure. This allows customers to only pay for the resources they consume. In a fast-growing IaaS market with multiple cloud platforms offering IaaS services, the user's decision on the selection of the best IaaS platform is quite challenging. Therefore, it is very important for organizations to evaluate and compare the performance of different IaaS cloud platforms in order to minimize cost and maximize performance.
Using a vendor-neutral approach, this research focused on four of the top IaaS cloud platforms- Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine, and Rackspace cloud services. This research compared the performance of IaaS cloud platforms using system-level parameters including server, file I/O, and network. System-level benchmarking provides an objective comparison of the IaaS cloud platforms from performance perspective. Unixbench, Dbench, and Iperf are the system-level benchmarks chosen to test the performance of the server, file I/O, and network respectively. In order to capture the performance variability, the benchmark tests were performed at different time periods on weekdays and weekends. Each IaaS platform's performance was also tested using various parameters. The benchmark tests conducted on different virtual machine (VM) configurations should help cloud users select the best IaaS platform for their needs. Also, based on their applications' requirements, cloud users should get a clearer picture of which VM configuration they should choose. In addition to the performance evaluation, the price-per-performance value of all the IaaS cloud platforms was also examined.
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Nannelli, Martina. "Competitiveness and Sustainability in the Sharing Economy Era. Opportunities and challenges from the Tourism and Hospitality Accommodation Industry." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/299831.
Анотація:
The Sharing Economy is an innovative social, economic and technological paradigm which is shaping worldwide production and consumption patterns of many industries. Its strength relies on factors of competitiveness such as the use of idle capacity, temporary access to resources without transfer of ownership, the flexibility and adaptability of its models, and the participation of a growing number of players allowed by peer-to-peer digital platforms. From the management perspective, the conditions for lasting competitiveness lies on sustainability, the paradigm integrating the supply, demand, and technological dimensions in a holistic, or ecosystem, perspective. Tourism is among the industries making extensive use of sharing digital platforms and experiencing changes that foster the sustainability debate.
The PhD Thesis aims to investigate the relationships between competitiveness and sustainability in the tourism and hospitality accommodation industry in the Sharing Economy Era. Its investigation is multifaced and is addressed through three studies adopting a post-modernist perspective that builds on qualitative approaches and strategies for data collection and analysis.
The Part I of the Thesis explores the Sharing Economy concept’s evolution and the sustainability issues through an in-depth review of the literature. Results reveal the leading economic-technological evolution of the paradigm over the social one, and its dual links with sustainability in relation to the extensive use of peer-to-peer digital platforms. Therefore, the evolution of the Sharing Economy activities have shown that today competitiveness is built on the interactions of an ever-increasing number of actors and factors, both off-line and on-line, within a complex ecosystem for the creation of – shared – value. The tourism industry strongly challenges this relationship between extended competition and sustainability.
The Part II evaluates the competitiveness model and its evolution during the Sharing eTourism Era in the tourism and hospitality accommodation sector introducing an ecosystem perspective for the creation and distribution of shared value. Specifically, it investigates how the non-traditional and informal tourist services have affected the structure of the industry and have altered the competition among the actors, through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Results show that competitiveness is given by the balance among the complex interactions of internal and external ecosystem’s actors and factors. On a micro level this imply that businesses must adopts an ecosystem vision compensating for negative externalities which translate into the adoption of Business Models promoting sustainability for the creation of sustainable shared value. Therefore, the Part III investigates through the use of an illustrative case study how peer-to-peer digital platforms in the tourist accommodation service can boost profitability while strengthening economic, social and environmental sustainability by applying the innovative Business Model for Sustainability.
The research sheds light on the complex Sharing Economy literature and lays the theoretical foundations for the implementation of managerial strategies aimed at promoting extended sustainable competition-cooperation.
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Hanusa, Isabel. "Opportunities and Challenges for a B2B Trading Platform of Secondary Raw Material : An Exploratory Analysis based on the Sourcing Process of Sustainable SMEs in the Fashion and Textile Industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26382.
Анотація:
Fashion and textile upcycling is currently considered a time-consuming and labour- intensive process. Since textile waste materials are not readily available as a secondary raw material, the process of sourcing pre- and post-consumer textile waste usually requires a lot of time and effort, and often results in a high inconsistency in input materials. In consequence, upcycling operations are generally difficult to scale up. In order to address this issue, this research study aims to explore the current sourcing process of secondary raw material as well as the opportunities and challenges this sourcing process implies for a B2B trading platform of secondary raw material. In order to serve the purpose of this research study, semi-structured interviews with experienced professionals from five small and medium-sized fashion and textile upcycling companies have been conducted. The empirical data collected through the semi-structured interviews was analysed using an inductive approach of qualitative content analysis. The overall findings suggest that concerning the sourcing process of post-consumer textiles for upcycling, the identified opportunities for a B2B trading platform outweigh the challenges. However, pre-consumer textile waste is often provided in the form of an already upcycled yarn from fabric or garment suppliers which gives the impression that a B2B trading platform is less relevant in this case. Nevertheless, the empirical results might have been impacted by the small sample size and the strong focus on post-consumer textiles. Therefore, more research is necessary in order to understand how SMEs working with pre-consumer textile waste source their input materials for upcycling and which opportunities and challenges this potentially different process implies for a B2B trading platform of secondary raw material.
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Nemanja, Lukić. "Predlog proširenja Android operativnog sistema servisima digitalne televizije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=89554&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Анотація:
Ova disertacija se bavi istraživanjem u oblasti integracije servisa digitalne televizije u moderne uređaje potrošačke elektronike. Cilj teze je da razvije pristup za sistemsko proširenje Android operativnog sistema servisima digitalne televizije, i da predloži rešenje koje omogućuje rad u realnom vremenu. Kvalitet rešenja se ocenjuje odgovarajućim metrikama preko ocene kvaliteta implementirane Java objektno orijentisane sprege za TV servise. Osnovni doprinos teze se ogleda u definisanju jedinstvene programske sprege servisa digitalne televizije na platformama koje prate paradigmu virtuelne mašine. Predloženo rešenje omogućuje razvoj aplikacija optimizovanih za izvršavanje na TV uređajima i dalje sprezanje podataka TV servisa sa ostatkom Android ekosistema.This PhD dissertation addresses the problem of integration of the digital TV services inside modern consumer electronic devices. The main focus of the dissertation is a development of systematic approach for extension of Android operating system with support for digital television. Combined with this, the dissertation describes solution in form of hardware platform with accompanying software that closely follows this approach and achieves real-time performance. Quality of proposed solution is benchmarked using metrics for measuring quality of object-oriented program code. The main contribution of the dissertation is unification of system software API for digital television on Android-based platforms. Proposed solution allows development of TV-centric software capable of real-time performance, and further native integration of data coming from DVB broadcast into Android ecosystem.
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Medlöv, Daniel, and José Maria Robles. "Incorporation of Alternative income Streams Into the Lessor’s Business Model and it’s Effects on a Building Asset Value : A Case Study on Stockholm’s Private Rental Sector." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298343.
Анотація:
Digital platforms and tools have already taken over a large part of human daily lives and with the latest pandemic of COVID-19 it is clear how these technological trends have just increased, in both intensity and complexity, across most of the different aspects that comprehend our everyday activities. For instance, people are staying more at home and people now socialize, consume and work with help of different digital tools, which in other words means that the homes’ original role is changing to a more multifaceted and integral function. Based on such reality, this master thesis aims to investigate how property owners of housing rentals in Stockholm could extract value from these mentioned trends and context by incorporating new alternative income streams in their current business models. Moreover, this academic inquiry also intends to investigate the financial effect that these streams incorporation could have on a property valuation in the housing rental sector of Stockholm. This thesis project follows two different, yet subsequential, lines of research, where the first one is an interview with local industry experts that provided insights in which kind of potential new value streams that property owners could incorporate in their current business models. They also shared information regarding which kind of digital tools are needed nowadays to make the new offering to the tenants in the most effective way within the Stockholm Private Rental Sector context. The industry experts also gave estimations of the cash flows enhancements that these service incorporation could bring to the owner . This information created the foundation that was used to later interview property owners. The property owners gave information of which kind of digital tools they used today, and what their view was about incorporating the new services and contracts that the industry experts had pointed out as possible new income streams. Both sets of interviews were analyzed with help of finding themes and reviewed literature that allowed the authors of this project to move on to evaluate the financial effect on a housing rental property in Stockholm whenever the new cash flows of the filtered income streams were considered. The thesis has reached the conclusion that an incorporation of provision of services can create value for both the tenant and the property owner, even though specific services that should be incorporated aren't pointed out. The market was, at the time this thesis was written, immature and fast moving, which makes it hard to say which services will be successful in the Swedish market. Despite this are the results pointing out that contracts as home-electricity and insurances are among the services that have the lowest barrier to implement, and have already been tried by some actors in the industry. For those actors that have started an incorporation of provision of services have already noticed new cash-flows streams, even if they today are minor. The second conclusion is that those cash-flows will in the future trigger higher property values as properties will be a more attractive asset to possess. To be able to identify the demand and extract value from it in a successful way is a user-centered approach a key aspect, as the transaction must create new value for all actors involvedDigitala plattformer och verktyg har redan tagit över en stor del av människors dagliga liv och med den senast Corona-pandemin är det tydligt hur teknologiska trender har ökat, i både intensitet och komplexitet, och påverkar de flesta människors vardagsaktiviteter. Under Corona-pandemin har människor spenderat mer tid hemma och människor har socialiserar, konsumerar och arbetar med hjälp av olika digitala verktyg, vilket innebär att hemmets originella funktion har förändrats till en mer mångfacetterad funktion i människors liv. Baserad på detta så undersöker denna masteruppsatsen hur fastighetsägare, av hyresrätter i Stockholm, kan extrahera värde från dessa nämnda trender genom att inkorporera nya intäktsströmmar i deras befintliga affärsmodell. Denna akademiska uppsats undersöker också vilken påverkan dessa nya intäktsströmmar har på fastighetsvärden i hyresrättssektorn i Stockholm. Metoden för att nå en slutsats är uppdelad i två processer, där den första är att intervjua vad som benämns i uppsatsen som industri-experter inom ämnet proptech. Dessa bidrar med insikt kring vilka nya intäktsströmmar som möjliga att inkorporera i fastighetsägares nuvarande affärsmodell. Dom understödjer också med information kring vilka digitala verktyg som är nödvändiga för att kunna inkorporera tjänsteförmedling på ett effektivt sätt till hyresgäster i Stockholms privata hyressektor. Utöver detta så ger industri-experterna estimeringar kring vilka värden som kunde tillfalla fastighetsägarens för varje enskild tjänsteförmedling. Denna information används som ett underlag vid nästa skede av intervjuprocessen med fastighetsägarna. Fastighetsägarna bidrar med information kring vilka digitala verktyg dom använde, vid tidpunkten denna uppsats skrevs, och deras syn på att inkorporera förmedling av de tjänster och kontrakt som industri-experterna pekar ut under första intervjuprocessen. Intervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av tematisk analys och parallellt med detta analyseras litteratur, vilket skapade möjlighet att utvärdera vilka finansiella effekter som en inkorporering av tjänsteförmedling kan få på hyresrättssektorn i Stockholm. Uppsatsen når slutsatsen att inkorporering av tjänsteförmedling kan skapa värde för både hyresgästen och fastighetsägaren, även om de specifika tjänsterna inte pekas ut. Marknaden var vid tidpunkten när denna uppsats skrevs omogen och utvecklades snabbt vilket gör det svårt att svara på vilka tjänster som kommer vara framgångsrika i en svensk marknad. Trots detta pekar resultat på att kontakt som hushållsel och hemförsäkring hade låga ingångsbarriärer i marknaden att implementera, och vissa fastighetsägare har redan påbörjat denna process. Denna inkorporering har för dessa aktörer inneburit vissa nya intäktsströmmar, som dock är väldigt begränsade. Den andra slutsatsen är att de nya intäktsströmmar i framtiden kommer utlösa högre fastighetsvärderingar då fastigheter kommer bli en attraktivare tillgång att inneha. För att kunna identifiera efterfrågan och extrahera värdet ur en tjänsteförmedlingen, på ett framgångsrikt sätt, är en användarcentrerad strategi en viktig aspekt då transaktionerna som sker mellan fastighetsägaren och hyresgästen måste vara värdeskapande för alla inblandade aktörer.
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Grammenis, Efstratios, and Antonios Mourikis. "Migrating from integrated library systems to library services platforms : An exploratory qualitative study for the implications on academic libraries’ workflows." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76971.
Анотація:
The present master thesis is an exploratory qualitative study in academic libraries regarding the transition from the integrated library systems to the next generation integrated library systems or library services platforms and the potential implications in their internal workflows. Nowadays, libraries all over the world are facing up with a number of challenges in terms of acquiring, describing and making available to the public all the resources, both printed and electronic, they manage. In particular, the academic libraries have more reasons to wish to fulfill their users’ needs since the majority of them use the library sources more and more for scientific research and educational purposes.In this study we attempt to explore the phenomenon in the globe using the available literature and to identify the implications in libraries’ workflows and the possible future developments. Moreover, through observation and semi-structured interviews we try to identify the current developments in the Greek context regarding the adoption of next ILS and possible implications in their workflows. Finally, we attempt a comparison between the Greek situation and the international one.
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Kanai, Rieko. "Case study: Applied Digital Solutions I3 services platform." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1734.
Анотація:
The purpose of this project is to analyze whether i3 Strategy of Applied Digital Solutions (ADS) was necessary to meet the fast-moving IT industry. i3 Services Strategy is an integrated corporate strategy to reengineer the organizational structure of ADS.
Книги з теми "Digital service platforms":
1
Kotlarsky, Julia, Ilan Oshri, and Leslie Willcocks, eds. Digital Services and Platforms. Considerations for Sourcing. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15850-7.
2
Grantham, Charles E. The digital workplace: Designing groupware platforms. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.
3
Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2008.
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Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.
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Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.
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Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.
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Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.
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Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.
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Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.
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Larson, Daniel. Developing service-oriented Ajax applications on the Microsoft platform. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.
Частини книг з теми "Digital service platforms":
1
Göbel, Hannes, and Stefan Cronholm. "Nascent Design Principles Enabling Digital Service Platforms." In Tackling Society's Grand Challenges with Design Science, 52–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39294-3_4.
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Vasilieva, Elena. "Digital Public Service Platforms: Challenges and Opportunities." In Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, 11–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43993-4_2.
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Plugge, Albert, and Marijn Janssen. "Exploring Determinants Influencing a Service-Oriented Enterprise Strategy: An Executive Management View." In Digital Services and Platforms. Considerations for Sourcing, 35–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15850-7_3.
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Bartelheimer, Christian, Verena Wolf, Nico Langhorst, and Florian Seegers. "Designing Digital Community Service Platforms for Crowd-Based Services in Urban Areas." In Designing for Digital Transformation. Co-Creating Services with Citizens and Industry, 35–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64823-7_4.
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Sarku, Rebecca, Divine Odame Appiah, Prosper Adiku, Rahinatu Sidiki Alare, and Senyo Dotsey. "Digital Platforms in Climate Information Service Delivery for Farming in Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1247–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_44.
Анотація:
AbstractPhone-based applications, Internet connectivity, and big data are enabling climate change adaptations. From ICT for development and agriculture perspectives, great interest exists in how digital platforms support climate information provision for smallholder farmers in Africa. The vast majority of these platforms both private and public are for delivering climate information services and for data collection. The sheer number of digital platforms in the climate information sector has created a complex information landscape for potential information users, with platforms differing in information type, technology, geographic coverage, and financing structures and infrastructure. This chapter mapped the existing climate information services and examined their impact on policy and practices in smallholder farming development in Africa, with a focus on Ghana. Specifically, the chapter provides highlights of digital platforms available to smallholder farmers and agricultural extension agents, analyzes the public and/or private governance arrangements that underpin the implementation of digital climate information delivery, and assesses the potential of these platforms in scaling up the use of climate information. The chapter contributes to understanding the dynamics of climate information delivery with digital tools in Africa, and suggests a future research agenda.
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Smedlund, Anssi, and Ville Eloranta. "Service Artifacts as Co-creation Boundary Objects in Digital Platforms." In Translational Systems Sciences, 55–68. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54267-4_3.
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Gerth, Sebastian, and Lars Heim. "Blockchain as an Approach for Secure Data Storage on Digital Consulting Platforms." In Digital Entrepreneurship, 103–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53914-6_6.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter examines the concept of data security in a society increasingly shaped by digital technologies. We show how secure data storage can be optimised regarding digital documentation in the implementation of health-related service offers based on established procedures. Security and privacy of data are therefore particularly important in this subject area since highly sensitive data is stored and processed during health-related online consultations. The advent of blockchain technology provides a valuable opportunity to create trust in digital platforms. After relevant concepts and terms have been clarified, the functionality of the blockchain in general, as well as the different types, will be discussed. From this, options for the use of online consulting are developed and illustrated on the basis of three use cases.
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Sarku, Rebecca, Divine Odame Appiah, Prosper Adiku, Rahinatu Sidiki Alare, and Senyo Dotsey. "Digital Platforms in Climate Information Service Delivery for Farming in Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_44-1.
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Banerjee, Ian, Peraphan Jittrapirom, and Jens S. Dangschat. "Data-driven urbanism, digital platforms, and the planning of MaaS in times of deep uncertainty: What does it mean for CAVs?" In AVENUE21. Politische und planerische Aspekte der automatisierten Mobilität, 441–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63354-0_20.
Анотація:
ZusammenfassungThis paper offers a critical review of three coevolving socio-technical paradigms: (a) “data-driven urbanism,” (b) digital platforms, and (c) “Mobility-as-a-Service” (MaaS). It explores the complex relationship unfolding between data-driven cities and digital platforms, while drawing on MaaS as a case to discuss the challenges of implementing mobility services via digital platforms. Inferences are drawn from the ongoing debate accompanying these three paradigms to identify potential criteria for the design of socially accountable governance models for the deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs).
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Högberg, Karin. "Technostress Among Hotel Employees - a Longitudinal Study of Social Media as Digital Service Encounters." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 70–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_6.
Анотація:
AbstractThe increasing implementation of digital technologies in organizations such as social media platforms is fundamentally transforming the nature of services encounters [1, 2], not least in the hospitality industry. This causes new ways of working for hotel employees, causing disruption in service routines and work tasks. There are few qualitative studies that are focusing on the hospitality industry and technostress. The present study focus on technostress among employees in an international hotel chain. Data have been collected in eight European countries over a period of seven years. The Person-Technology fit model is used in order to identify and analyze stressors and strains deriving from social media use. The results indicate that techno stressors such as work overload, work-life conflict, and changing algorithms creates negative stressors. The study makes a theoretical contribution to technostress research in the Information Systems research as well as the hospitality research field by uncovering negative stressors and strains created over time.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Digital service platforms":
1
Dumančić, Kosjenka. "THE EU REGULATORY ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND SERVICES PROVISION." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18347.
Анотація:
New and innovative ways of service provisions based on digital platforms have changed the ways in which doing business, communicating and connecting providers to users in the EU Internal Market are shaped and transformed. Since the adoption of the Directive 2000/31/EC (the E-Commerce Directive) in 2000 digital services have gained market dominance, and this has become especially evident during the Covid-19 virus crisis when the importance of digital technologies in all aspects of modern life became prominent. It has clearly shown the dependency of the economy and the society on digital services highlighting both the benefits and the risks that stem from the current framework for the functioning of the services provided by the digital platforms regardless of whether they are defined as digital services or not. In the European Commission (EC) Communication “Shaping Europe’s Digital Future” the EC committed to update the horizontal rules that define the responsibilities and obligations of digital service providers, and online platforms in particular. Additionally, the European Parliament’s “Report on the Digital Services Act and fundamental rights issues posed” highlights the need for legal clarity of platforms and users, as well as respect for fundamental rights in the light of the rapid development of technology. According to the current data, the digital platforms account for over 10% of the EU's 45 million users. These platforms are subject not only to the specific obligations in controlling their own risks, but also to a new oversight structure. In 2020 the EC initiative was finalized by the “Proposal for a Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Service” which addresses the negative consequences arising from certain behaviours on platforms. Since the EU Internal market is impacted significantly by platforms that serve as intermediaries for business users to reach their customers, sometimes these companies assume control over the entire platform ecosystems, which in turn can grant them the opportunity to regulate certain relations. The controlling power comes from the practices that platform companies exercise and from using the data of the businesses and users operating on these platforms. This paper aims to analyse the current regulation on digital platforms and digital service provisions in the EU Internal Market and offer some conclusions on its possible impact on the market’s functioning especially in the times of the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequently.
2
Chouikh, Arbi, and Adegboyega Ojo. "Enabling New Public Service Paradigms on Social Media Platforms." In dg.o '16: 17th International Digital Government Research Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2912160.2912235.
3
Suharto, K. S. "Structural Health Monitoring of An Offshore Platform Trend of Corrosion and Marine Growth With Predictive Maintenance." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-se-424.
Анотація:
Nowadays, there are a lot of oil and gas exploration activities all over the world, especially offshore. Oil and gas production itself has many supporting factors in the production process, of which one of them is the offshore platform. Over time, the offshore platform will experience a degradation in strength from the initial design, therefore offshore platforms need to carry out appropriate inspection, maintenance and repair (IMR) programs so that the offshore platform does not reach critical conditions and disrupt the oil and gas production process, resulting in significant losses and not achieving the planned production rates. The offshore platform design is a combination of steel structure and other materials, methods, and loads that are initially worked at the port, such as wave loads, currents, and several other parameters such as gravity, wind, and earthquake. Most of the offshore platforms that currently exist (worldwide) were made in the period of oil investment that developed between 1970 and 1980, thus, the platform's age has now reached 40 to 50 years (El-Reedy, 2012). This research data based on a platform in the Makassar strait between the islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The method used in this research is the platform's design, data observation, data analysis, data processing, and statistical multilinear regression analysis. This research is investigating the degradation trend of the offshore platform and predicting the future of potential failure because of corrosion and marine growth. After the platform encounters degradation over several years, it will decrease the service life before the degradation starts to matter. The results show after data processing that, offshore platforms encounter degradation over several years, and it is presented by a graph containing the condition trend over a multi-year condition because of corrosion and marine growth, and its effect towards unity check (UC) that define structure health. Unity check value produced from allowable stress versus capacity. In this research, structural health monitoring is predicting the potential failure of the platform towards its UC effect of corrosion and marine growth, with a max of the UC value is 0.8 because its a critical value. The failure of the structure possibly would have an affect on the cost-effectiveness. Therefore it is necessary to predict when the structure will fail so that the costs used are effective. Unfortunately, there is no core data for the environmental changes every year at the platform, so the model's equation does not include environmental conditions.
4
Weber, Thorsten, and Rüdiger Buchkremer. "Monitoring Remote Service Platforms Using Artificial IntelligenceBased Distributed Intrusion Detection." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.50.
5
Telesca, Luigi. "Papers in Track 6 - Service-oriented collaborative platforms." In 2008 2nd IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dest.2008.4635132.
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Raikov, Alexander, and Viktor Medennikov. "Creating the requirements to the national platform "Digital Agriculture"." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce27715a3742.47428784.
Анотація:
The paper addresses the issue of creating the requirements for the development of the Russian national platform "Digital Agriculture" on the bases of collecting, formalizing and analyzing data on the current and forecasting states of the processes of using digital technologies in the agricultural economy sector at the federal and regional levels, as well as the world experience of digitalization. The national strategy agriculture goals were used as the criteria for analyzing the situation connected with the issue of creating the national platform. Currently, the agricultural sector of the country's economy has more than ten large information systems that require to be integrated to achieve the goals of the country's agricultural development. The list of problems of developing the processes of agriculture digitalization was made. The special author’s convergent strategic methodology was used for formulating the requirements that ensure the conditions for the purposefulness and sustainable convergence of the process of creating the national platform. About fifty requirements were formulated for creating sub-platforms and digital services of the national platform "Digital Agriculture". It was also used the methods of cognitive modelling and the inverse problem solving for taking into account changes in the importance of roadmap’s events of making the sub-platforms and digital service over time.
7
Jonk, Ruben, Jeroen Voeten, Marc Geilen, Twan Basten, and Ramon Schiffelers. "Timing Prediction for Service-Based Applications Mapped on Linux-Based Multi-core Platforms." In 2018 21st Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd.2018.00035.
8
Tan, Wei, and Xi-fan Yao. "A Multi-level Tree Overlay Network for Application Service Provider Platforms Based on Manufacturing Grid." In 2009 International Conference on Networking and Digital Society (ICNDS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnds.2009.128.
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Iliashenko, Oksana, Ekaterina Lukianchenko, and Nadia Lohyeeta. "A selection approach to the criteria for evaluating cloud platforms for conducting IT projects." In DTMIS '20: International Scientific Conference - Digital Transformation on Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Service. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446434.3446445.
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Vitale, Anna Serena, and Margherita Pillan. "Products as communication platforms: Investigating and foretelling the evolution of product&service systems in the digital era." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3329.
Анотація:
In the lifecycle of material products, from the very initial design phase of concept generation to the final disposal, information and communication have always played a prominent part that, in the digital era, is growing and is expected to grow further, also enabling the blooming of grass root and bottom-up changes in the galaxy of design-production-retail systems. Since the beginning of the human history, commerce has been playing a major role in shaping social organization systems. Retail services are not just a way to obtain goods: they provide opportunities for social relationship and cultural growth, and can be considered as a field for social innovation. Our research is aimed to investigate the systemic changes that are occurring in the realm of information and communication services in retail of material products, and their consequences on design, production and distribution processes. The research is supported by TIM-Telecom Italia, it is a wide-ranging study of social, professional and industrial phenomena enabled by digital technologies, and it involves both physical (i.e. traditional distribution in physical retail spaces) and on line services. Our goal is to outline strategic approaches to the design of innovative service/systems and, presently, we mainly focus on two key issue: - understanding and modelling the tangle of factors that determine the user experience in traditional and digital shopping processes; - develop design methodologies supporting the creation of new meaningful services so to support the customers in the understanding of value and in the search of quality in shopping processes. The paper investigates new social behaviors related to shopping, such as show-rooming and web-rooming, and we demonstrate that the pervasive use of mobile devices produces new social phenomena in retail processes and enables new opportunities to create value in retail services. From the investigation of on-line and off-line markets, it emerges the importance of social dynamics and human interactions belonging to physical world: relational dynamics and knowledge acquisition processes play a very important role in the elicitation of senses and emotions, in cultural upgrading, value understanding, quality awareness, trust building. Thereafter, a driving research questions is: how can we orient the design of innovative services so to improve the relationship between customers and retailers? The analysis of these new trends and the presentations of some design experiences bring us to the definition of some strategic directions guiding the generation of new paradigms of services in the retail field.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3329
Звіти організацій з теми "Digital service platforms":
1
Solovyanenko, Nina I. Legal features of innovative (digital) entrepreneurship in the agricultural and food sector. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2021-70008.
Анотація:
Modern agricultural production and food trade are involved in the process of digital transformation, which is a cardinal factor of sustainable development and is carried out on the basis of IT platforms, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the dependence of these sectors of the economy on information and communication technology infrastructure and services. At the same time, the slow updating of legislation, which lags behind the constantly improving digital technologies, not only hinders their implementation, but also is a source of a number of social and legal problems. A modern regulatory framework based on digital strategies should strengthen "smart agriculture". In Russia, the legal mechanism of digital transformation and development of the national platform "Digital Agriculture" should be supported by updated basic legislation.
2
Markets, Policies Institutions. A digital agricultural advisory services platform to boost adoption of improved technologies and practices in Ethiopia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134135.
3
Colomb, Claire, and Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.
Анотація:
Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
Анотація:
This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.