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Готові списки джерел за темами / Dissolved and particulate phases

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Dissolved and particulate phases"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Dissolved and particulate phases":

1

Wei, Zhang, Li Simin, and Tang Fengbing. "Characterization of Urban Runoff Pollution between Dissolved and Particulate Phases." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/964737.

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To develop urban stormwater management effectively, characterization of urban runoff pollution between dissolved and particulate phases was studied by 12 rainfall events monitored for five typical urban catchments. The average event mean concentration (AEMC) of runoff pollutants in different phases was evaluated. The AEMC values of runoff pollutants in different phases from urban roads were higher than the ones from urban roofs. The proportions of total dissolved solids, total dissolved nitrogen, and total dissolved phosphorus in total ones for all the catchments were 26.19%–30.91%, 83.29%–90.51%, and 61.54–68.09%, respectively. During rainfall events, the pollutant concentration at the initial stage of rainfall was high and then sharply decreased to a low value. Affected by catchments characterization and rainfall distribution, the highest concentration of road pollutants might appear in the later period of rainfall. Strong correlations were also found among runoffs pollutants in different phases. Total suspended solid could be considered as a surrogate for particulate matters in both road and roof runoff, while dissolved chemical oxygen demand could be regarded as a surrogate for dissolved matters in roof runoff.

2

Pierce, Emily F., and Astrid Schnetzer. "Microcystin Concentrations, Partitioning, and Structural Composition during Active Growth and Decline: A Laboratory Study." Toxins 15, no. 12 (December 6, 2023): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15120684.

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Microcystin can be present in variable concentrations, phases (dissolved and particulate), and structural forms (congeners), all which impact the toxicity and persistence of the algal metabolite. Conducting incubation experiments with six bloom assemblages collected from the Chowan River, North Carolina, we assessed microcystin dynamics during active growth and biomass degradation. Upon collection, average particulate and dissolved microcystin ranged between 0.2 and 993 µg L−1 and 0.5 and 3.6 µg L−1, respectively. The presence of congeners MC-LA, -LR, -RR, and -YR was confirmed with MC-RR and MC-LR being the most prevalent. Congener composition shifted over time and varied between dissolved and particulate phases. Particulate microcystin exponentially declined in five of six incubations with an average half-life of 10.2 ± 3.7 days, while dissolved microcystin remained detectable until the end of the incubation trials (up to 100 days). Our findings suggest that concerns about food-web transfer via intracellular toxins seem most warranted within the first few weeks of the bloom peak, while dissolved toxins linger for several months in the aftermath of the event. Also, it was indicated there were differences in congener profiles linked to the sampling method. We believe this study can inform monitoring strategies and aid microcystin-exposure risk assessments for cyanobacterial blooms.

3

Zhou, Jun L., Steve Rowland, and R. Fauzi C. Mantoura. "Partition of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides between dissolved and particulate phases." Water Research 29, no. 4 (April 1995): 1023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)00240-8.

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4

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Distribution Of Some Heavy Metals In Water,Sediment & Fish Cyprinus carpio in Euphrates River Near Al- Nassiriya City Center South Iraq ." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2011): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.1.552-560.

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The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, pb, and Zn were determined in dissolved and particulate phases of the water,in addition to exchangeable and residual phases of the sediment and in the selected organs of the fish Cyprinus carpio collected from the Euphrates River near Al-Nassiriya city center south of Iraq during the summer period / 2009 .Also sediment texture and total organic carbon(TOC) were measured. Analysis emploing a flam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers . The mean regional concentrations of the heavy metals in dissolved (µg/l) and particulate phases (µg/gm) dry weight were Cd (0.15,16.13) ,Cu (0.59,24.48) ,Fe (726,909.4) ,Pb (0.20, 49.95) and Zn (2.5,35.62) respectively,and those for exchangeable and residual phases of the Sediment were Cd (0.2,0.1) ,Cu (13.75,16.65) ,Fe (683 , 1351 ) ,Pb (10.1,1.07) and Zn (7.3,16.75)µg/gm dry weight respectively. The heavy metals concentrations in C. carpio organs followed the trend gill > liver > kidney> muscles . The mean concentration in the muscles were Cd (ND) , Cu (0.07) , Fe (4.7) , pb (0.06) and Zn (6.4) (µg/gm) dry weight . The statistical analysis proved a significant correlation between metal concentration in the sediment and total organic carbon, also a positive correlation was proved between its concentrations in the liver organ and the water (particulate phase) . In conclusion the trace metals concentration in particulate phase were higher than its concentration in the dissolved phase . The fish organs showed variations in the metals concentration and the muscle organs showed less concentration than the other organs .

5

Yeats, P. A., and D. H. Loring. "Dissolved and particulate metal distributions in the St. Lawrence estuary." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-063.

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Dissolved and particulate metal concentrations in the St. Lawrence estuary were determined during the high spring runoff and at a period of lower runoff in the fall. The distributions in the estuary are influenced by seasonally variable freshwater discharges and a turbidity maximum zone (TMZ). Dissolved Al, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations generally decrease significantly with increasing salinity, but Cd shows no significant covarience with salinity. Most metals show complex distribution patterns, and only the distributions of Cu and Ni can be described by linear regression equations. Maximum concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe, Mn, and Co occur in the turbidity maximum and decrease seaward with increasing salinity. During the spring runoff period, total particulate mass was almost twice that in the lower fall runoff period. Chemical partition of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) shows that detrital particulate Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations vary directly with SPM load and inversely with salinity. Nondetrital metal concentrations vary inversely with SPM (Mg, Pb, Cd) and salinity (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu). Such changes are not evident in the particulate composition during the low-runoff sampling period. Factor analyses imply that fine-grained aluminosilicates are the main carriers of detrital Si, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Nondetrital Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn appear to be held in ion-exchange positions, and Fe–Mn grain coatings during the period of high spring runoff and for the fall data set (Cd, Fe, Al, and Pb only). Nondetrital Ca appears to carried by carbonates in the spring data set and along with mixed Ca–Mg carbonates in the fall data set. During high and low river-flow periods, riverine particulate inputs predominate and control the overall abundance, dispersal, and composition of the particulates. Data analyses indicate that, within the TMZ, internal particle cycling and resuspension combined with adsorption–desorption processes override some of the riverine effects and control or modify the particulate composition. Model calculations suggest that dissolved – nondetrital particulate metal exchanges can account for some but not all of the observed changes in the distribution of the dissolved and nondetrital phases.

6

Hassan, Fikrat M., Maysoon M. Saleh, and Jasim M. Salman. "A Study of Physicochemical Parameters and Nine Heavy Metals in the Euphrates River, Iraq." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/906837.

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This study was conducted to reveal possible environmental effects on the Euphrates River from the Al-Hindiya barrage to the downstream end of Al-Kufa city in the middle of Iraq. Seven sites were selected along the study area and sampled during March 2004 to February 2005. We measured physical and chemical properties (air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, TSS and dissolved oxygen) as well as, concentration and distribution of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phases, in the water and sediments (exchangeable and residual phases). The studied area was slightly alkaline, with very hard water and high BOD5. The nutrients showed clear seasonal fluctuations in their concentrations. It was shown that the concentrations of metals in the particulate phase were higher than those in dissolved phase in water. In sediments, the mean concentrations of heavy metals as exchangeable phase were less than in the residual phase.

7

Morris, A. W., A. J. Bale, R. J. M. Howland, G. E. Millward, D. R. Ackroyd, D. H. Loring, and R. T. T. Rantala. "Sediment Mobility and its Contribution to Trace Metal Cycling and Retention in a Macrotidal Estuary." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 4-5 (April 1, 1986): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0186.

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Measurements of trace metals in the dissolved, suspended particulate and sediment phases of the Tamar Estuary have been combined with observations of sediment and suspended particle mobility in an interpretation of metal cycling and retention processes within the system. Dissolved metal distributions indicate pronounced estuarine metal reactivity involving net removal onto suspended particles in the low salinity, high turbidity zone and net input from the sediment in the middle estuary. These processes are not reflected in the metal contents of suspended particulate material and superficial sediment, although the dissolved metal variations are a product of particle-water exchanges. This apparent anomaly is attributed to the magnitude of internal resuspendable particle fluxes within the system. Consequently, temporal and spatial variabilities in the composition of suspended particulate material and superficial sediment are determined by physical rather than chemical processes.

8

Peck, Gillian A., and J. David Smith. "Distribution of dissolved and particulate 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po in the Bismarck Sea and western equatorial Pacific Ocean." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99170.

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The distribution of the radionuclides 226Ra, 210Pb and 210Po in the dissolved (<0.45 µm) and 210Pb and 210Po in the particulate (>0.45 µm) phases was measured in the upper 300 m of the Bismarck Sea off the Sepik River and along the equator from 143˚E to 152˚E in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. 210Pb and 210Po occurred principally in the dissolved phase with a 210Po/210Pb ratio <1. Particulate matter had 210Po/210Pb ratios greater than 1.0. Box model calculations yielded an average atmospheric flux of 210Pb of 4.5 mBq cm-2 year-1 to the ocean surface. The average residence times for dissolved 210Po and dissolved 210Pb were 0.27 years and 8.0 years respectively (in the mixed layer) and 1.45 years and 170 years (in the deeper layer). With an average residence time of 0.08 0.03 years, particulate 210Po varied little between the layers. The difference in 210Po and 210Pb residence times reflects the greater particle reactivity of 210Po. The flux of particulate organic carbon was calculated to be 104 21 mg m-2 day-1 from the upper 100 m and 180 22 mg m-2 day-1 from 100–300 m.

9

Ellwood, Michael J., David A. Hutchins, Maeve C. Lohan, Angela Milne, Philipp Nasemann, Scott D. Nodder, Sylvia G. Sander, Robert Strzepek, Steven W. Wilhelm, and Philip W. Boyd. "Iron stable isotopes track pelagic iron cycling during a subtropical phytoplankton bloom." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): E15—E20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421576112.

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The supply and bioavailability of dissolved iron sets the magnitude of surface productivity for ∼40% of the global ocean. The redox state, organic complexation, and phase (dissolved versus particulate) of iron are key determinants of iron bioavailability in the marine realm, although the mechanisms facilitating exchange between iron species (inorganic and organic) and phases are poorly constrained. Here we use the isotope fingerprint of dissolved and particulate iron to reveal distinct isotopic signatures for biological uptake of iron during a GEOTRACES process study focused on a temperate spring phytoplankton bloom in subtropical waters. At the onset of the bloom, dissolved iron within the mixed layer was isotopically light relative to particulate iron. The isotopically light dissolved iron pool likely results from the reduction of particulate iron via photochemical and (to a lesser extent) biologically mediated reduction processes. As the bloom develops, dissolved iron within the surface mixed layer becomes isotopically heavy, reflecting the dominance of biological processing of iron as it is removed from solution, while scavenging appears to play a minor role. As stable isotopes have shown for major elements like nitrogen, iron isotopes offer a new window into our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of iron, thereby allowing us to disentangle a suite of concurrent biotic and abiotic transformations of this key biolimiting element.

10

Karlsson, O. Magnus. "Forms and Variability of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea–-A Challenge to Ecosystem Modeling." Air, Soil and Water Research 3 (January 2010): ASWR.S6123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s6123.

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Knowledge of the partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases of nutrient elements is a key factor in aquatic ecosystem modeling since partitioning regulates the availability to demand ratio of the nutrient in question. This is seldom taken into account in environmental monitoring programs. In this paper, the occurrence and variability of particulate and dissolved phosphorus were studied in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. The particulate fraction (PF) of total phosphorus (TP) concentration in coastal waters from some forty stations along the east coast of Sweden was, on average, 0.33. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was a poor predictor of total dissolved phosphorus (DP) representing only 20%-30% of this fraction. Sensitivity analyses showed that the value of PF had a significant impact on modeled predictions of TP concentration in the water on a Baltic sub-basin scale, whereas an applied coastal model was insensitive to variations in PF. Hence, this study encourages further sampling efforts on the partitioning of phosphorus in the open waters of the Baltic Sea.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Dissolved and particulate phases":

1

Audoux, Thomas. "Approches expérimentales pour l’étude et la caractérisation des dépôts humides d’aérosols atmosphériques par les précipitations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7332.

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Dans le cadre de mon travail de thèse, je me suis intéressé aux aérosols atmosphériques et à leur transfert de l’atmosphère vers les surfaces terrestres par les précipitations. La stratégie générale que j’ai suivie repose sur l’observation des dépôts humides sur différentes échelles de temps, interannuelle d’une part et intraévènementielle de l’autre. Elle repose aussi sur leur observation dans des environnements marqués en termes de charge et de composition en aérosols, mais aussi de dynamiques atmosphériques et de précipitations. Le fait de combiner des mesures à la fois sur la composition de l’atmosphère et sur la composition des dépôts humides permet d’identifier la nature des dépôts (intensité, composition, source et provenance) et d’expliquer les phénomènes impliqués dans les dépôts. Cela passe par la documentation complète de différents paramètres (aérosols, dynamique, pluie, dépôt) sur les mêmes périodes de temps, ce qui est néanmoins complexe à mettre en oeuvre. Les deux axes de mon travail portent sur des questions distinctes et complémentaires de l’étude des dépôts humides.Le premier axe s’est porté sur les dépôts humides au Sahel, région semi-aride où le lessivage des poussières minérales de l’atmosphère est un processus clé pour contraindre le bilan atmosphérique en masse de ces composés. Dans cette région marquée par la présence de nombreux systèmes convectifs contrôlant les quantités de précipitations annuelles, la question sur les liens entre dynamiques atmosphériques et dépôts s’est alors posée. La stratégie d’observation long-terme mis en place sur les stations au Sahel dans le cadre du réseau INDAAF, avec une synergie autour de mesures météorologiques, de concentrations et de dépôts d’aérosols, a permis de constituer une base de données très complète. À partir de cette base de données pluriannuelle aux stations de Banizoumbou (Niger) et de Cinzana (Mali) de 2007 et 2015, l’identification de phénomène de cold pools (gouttes froides) à partir de données météorologiques de surface et leur lien avec les retombées de poussières minérales sont discutés. Les ratios de lessivage ont été calculés pour les évènements associés aux cold pools et varient sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur en fonction de l’effet de dilution qui diffère selon les régimes de concentrations atmosphériques en poussière minérale. Les évènements les plus convectifs associés à des concentrations élevées présentent une gamme de valeurs moins dispersée (319 – 766) qui ne dépend pas de la quantité de précipitation.Le second axe s’est focalisé sur l’étude intraévènementielle des dépôts en milieu urbain pour diverses situations de pluie, de concentration et composition en aérosols. Que peut nous apprendre le suivi des dépôts au cours d’un évènement de pluie ? Pour y répondre, j’ai tout d’abord participé au développement d’un collecteur me permettant de collecter les dépôts humides en fractions successives au cours de la pluie. Complétées par un ensemble de mesures colocalisées sur les aérosols et les dynamiques atmosphériques acquises sur le terrain pour 8 cas d’étude, les analyses chimiques des dépôts dissouts et particulaires m’ont permis de discuter à la fois la provenance des aérosols, mais aussi les processus mis en jeu. J’ai pu quantifier la décroissance des concentrations, même de composés traces, dans les dépôts au cours de la pluie. J’ai également pu documenter l’évolution de la solubilité pour les espèces chimiques des dépôts et discuter des poids relatifs des mécanismes de lessivage dans- (rainout) et sous- (washout) le nuage. La variabilité des dépôts observée au cours d’un évènement est au final aussi importante que celle observée entre évènements de pluie
In the work conducted for my thesis, I studied atmospheric aerosols and their transfer from the atmosphere to the surface by precipitation. The main strategy I followed is based on the observation of wet deposition on different time scales, interannual on one hand and intra-event on the other. It also relies on their observation in environments marked in terms of aerosol load and composition, but also in terms of atmospheric dynamics and precipitation. Combining measurements on both atmospheric and wet deposition compositions allows to identify the characteristics of the deposition (intensity, composition, source and origin) and to explain the phenomena involved in the deposition. This requires the complete documentation of different parameters (aerosols, dynamics, rainfall, deposition) over the same periods of time, which is nevertheless complex to implement. The two axes of my work deal with distinct and complementary issues in the study of wet deposition.The first focus has been on wet deposition in the Sahel, a semi-arid region where the scavenging of mineral dust from the atmosphere is a key process to constrain the atmospheric mass balance of these compounds. In this region marked by the presence of numerous convective systems controlling annual precipitation amounts, the question of the links between atmospheric dynamics and deposition was addressed. The long-term observation strategy implemented at stations in the Sahel as part of the INDAAF network, with a synergy of meteorological measurements, aerosol concentrations and deposition, has enabled the creation of a very complete database. From this multi-year dataset at Banizoumbou (Niger) and Cinzana (Mali) stations from 2007 and 2015, the identification of cold pools phenomena from surface meteorological data and their link with mineral dust deposition are discussed. Washout ratios have been calculated for cold pool events and vary over several orders of magnitude depending on the dilution effect which differs according to the levels of atmospheric aerosol concentrations. The most convective events associated with high concentrations have a less scattered range of values (319 – 766) that does not depend on the amount of precipitation.The second axis focused on the intra-event study of wet deposition in urban areas for various rainfall situations, aerosol concentration and composition. The question is: what can we learn from the monitoring of deposition during a rain event? To answer this, I first participated in the development of a collector allowing me to collect wet deposition in successive fractions during the rain event. Complemented by a set of co-located measurements on aerosols and atmospheric dynamics acquired in the field for 8 study cases, the chemical analyses of dissolved and particulate deposition allowed me to discuss both the origin of the aerosols and processes involved. I was able to quantify the decay of concentrations, even of trace compounds, in the deposits during rainfall. I was also able to document the evolution of solubility for chemical species in the deposition and discuss the relative contribution of the rainout and washout mechanisms. The variability of deposition observed during an event is actually as significant as that observed between rain events

2

Mudashiru, Liadi K. "Electrochemical determination of dissolved and particulate iron in mine-waters." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1136.

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A voltammetric procedure for the determination of dissolved and colloidal iron in mine-waters has been developed. Whilst mine-waters are of course enriched in iron. we are remarkably ignorant of the physical state and chemical speciation of the iron. This is a problem since the physical and chemical state of iron is central to understanding a range of processes relevant to mine-water geochemistry and remediation. Examples include hydrolysis of dissolved Fe (III) to release protons. the adsorption of trace metals onto iron colloids and the bioavailability of iron within wetlands designed to remediate acidic waters. In this work, we have developed differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as a rapid and robust method of determining the concentration of truly dissolved and colloidal iron in 0.45 J.lm filtered waters from a series of mine-water discharges and remediation sites in NE, England. Mine-water samples were collected from CoSTaR sites: these are abandoned mine sites in the UK, designated by the UK Coal Authority for remediation research and routine monitoring of water quality. The sites comprise of six full-scale bioreactors receiving a wide range of mine-waters with pH ranging from 3 to 5 and concentrations of < 0.45 Jlm iron between 30 and 800 mg L-1 across the sites. Monthly samples were collected over the period March 2006 to April 2007. The samples were analysed directly using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at gold electrode. The results show that our analysis provides data for total dissolved iron of comparable analytical quality to the established mine-water analysis techniques based on inductively couple plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The good agreement between the iron concentrations measured in acidified samples electrochemically and by ICPOES validates the accuracy of DPV as an analytical method for iron. Colloidal and particulate iron was also determined since DPV measures only dissolved iron. particulate (>0.45 Jlm) and/or colloidal «0.45 Jlm) iron can then be estimated as the difference between the voltammetric responses of natural samples and samples in which the solid phase iron has been dissolved by the addition of He!. v The percentage dissolved iron ranged from 60-90% (in most cases) in unfiltered samples, while the percentage of colloidal iron varied widely across the sites; from 25-45% in unfiltered samples and 50-75% and 38-85% for dissolved and colloidal iron in the 0.45 Jim filtered samples. The ratio of Fe (II) to Fe (III) in the dissolved fraction was detennined usmg ultramicroelectrodes (UME) method. Iron ratio varied widely for the three sites studied. However, in general, the ratio is 1: 1 for the surface influent waters. 1:3 for the sub-surface waters (underground water-Shilbottle site) and 3: 1 for most of the effluent samples. Results suggest that in general, the influent waters are more oxidised and the effluent more reduced. Finally, characterisation of solid phase iron was done usmg a wide range of spectroscopic techniques. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) shows that iron colloids range from nm to Jim for lower pH mine waters; at higher pH, particles mainly aggregates on the Jim to mm scale. FT-IR, XRD, TEM and EDX show that the most common colloidal phase is poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides, however certain unusual crystalline phases, e.g., Schwertmannite were found.

3

Laslett, Rebekah E. "Dissolved and particulate trace metals in the Forth and Tay estuaries." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11033.

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The estuarine biogeochemistries of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been examined. Two adjacent, contrasting estuaries were selected to assess the effects of riverine discharge, hydrodynamic régime and particulate phase composition. Sampling throughout an annual cycle enabled seasonal differences in primary productivity and meteorological conditions to be included. Simultaneous nutrient determinations and fresh water flow measurements were used to assist in the interpretation of metal data. Dissolved Mn profiles in both estuaries are dominated by benthic inputs, a consequence of the reduction of Mn in sub-oxic sediments. Highest benthic fluxes occur in summer, and coincide with dissolved oxygen minima in the upper Forth. High wintertime fluxes are caused by the injection of porewater following sediment resuspension. Dissolved Ni and Zn are remobilised with Mn during summer in the Forth. Dissolved Cd concentrations in both estuaries increase with salinity as a result of chloro-complexation. Both Cd and Cu are remobilised during the breakdown of particulate material. Only about 5% of the Pb is in the dissolved phase. Suspended particulate trace element contents do not vary much within each estuary. The Ca contents, however, increase with distance seaward, since the coastal zone acts as a source of CaCO₃ to the estuaries. Non-detrital Mn contents increase in the outer Forth during summer, a consequence of precipitative Mn oxidation. The behaviours of Ni and Zn mimic that of Mn, as they are scavenged from the dissolved phase by newly formed particulate Mn oxides. Particulate Mn contents are higher in summer than in winter, and higher in the well-oxygenated Tay than in the Forth. This is attributed to faster Mn oxidation rates at higher temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations. Suspended particulate Cd contents in both estuaries are highest in summer due to the binding of Cd to phytoplankton cells. Partition coefficients in the Forth and Tay follow the order Pb > Mn, Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd.

4

Abell, Russell H. III. "Scavenging of particulate and dissolved lead compounds by coprecipitation with manganese oxyhydroxides." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36674.

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Mn is a geochemically important element that contributes significantly to the cycling of heavy metals. During precipitation, Mn oxyhydroxides scavenge many heavy metals, including Pb, in a variety of natural environments. Because of this phenomenon, the precipitation of Mn oxyhydroxides may provide a remediation technique for removing Pb from contaminated aqueous solutions. Therefore, this study was undertaken to provide a quantitative understanding of the coprecipitation of Pb with Mn oxyhydroxides to demonstrate their capacity to remove Pb permanently from contaminated solutions. To accomplish this, a series of factorial experiments with varying initial Mn and Pb concentrations were run in the presence of a borate buffer or a bicarbonate buffer. All experiments were run in batch reactors, in the presence of a quartz substrate, at 25 degrees celcius, at pH 8.5, and were continuously stirred. Initial Mn and Pb concentrations were varied by half log units from 100 to 0 mg/L and from 3 to 0 mg/L, respectively. Solutions were analyzed for Mn using the formaldioxime colorimetric method and for Pb using AA. Precipitates on quartz surfaces were analyzed by SEM, XPS, and XRD for precipitate identification and morphology. The amount of Mn and Pb associated with the quartz sand was determined by dissolving the precipitates from selected quartz samples using concentrated nitric acid. Finally, a different set of precipitate-coated quartz grains were leached in pH 5 acetic acid solution to assess the metal retention capacity of the precipitated material. Mn oxyhydroxides precipitated onto the quartz sand in both the borate and bicarbonate buffered experiments. SEM and XPS data revealed tiny crystallites in etch pits on the quartz surfaces that contained predominantly Mn3+. XRD analysis did not produce an X-ray pattern for these Mn oxyhydroxides but did identify the suspended Pb precipitates as hydrocerrusite and Pb(HBO3)2 in the borate buffered experiments and hydrocerrusite in the bicarbonate buffered experiments. Much more Mn and Pb are associated with the quartz surfaces in the borate buffered experiments, but no Pb was associated with quartz surfaces initially (< 6 hrs. of reaction time). Leaching of precipitates resulted in extracted Mn in both experiments but Pb was extracted in only the bicarbonate buffered experiments. The Mn precipitation rate was greater in the borate buffered experiments and higher initial Mn and Pb concentrations appear to increase the precipitation rate in both sets of experiments. These results indicate that Mn oxyhydroxides nucleated onto suspended Pb precipitates. The growing Mn oxyhydroxide particles were attracted to the quartz sand, carrying along the Pb precipitates. Further precipitation of Mn oxyhydroxides on the quartz surfaces trapped the Pb. This process was much more significant in the borate buffered experiments where much more Mn precipitated. The greater amount of Mn oxyhydroxide growth acts as a barrier protecting the Pb from the pH 5 leaching solutions. As a result, Pb was retained by the sand grains from the borate buffered experiments during leaching while significant amounts of Pb (35-100%) was extracted from the sand produced by the bicarbonate experiments. These results strongly suggest that coprecipitation of Pb with Mn oxyhydroxides in the presence of a borate buffer and a quartz substrate may be a remediation tool for Pb contaminated aqueous solutions. Not only will this process remove aqueous Pb2+ from solution but it appears it will also substantially incorporate colloidal Pb particles as well.
Master of Science

5

Frankki, Sofia. "Association of organic compounds to dissolved and particulate natural organic matter in soils /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200652.pdf.

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6

Dukes, Craig Harry. "Uptake of dissolved nutrients by Tetrahymena pyriformis in batch culture with particulate matter." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10944.

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7

Tucker, Ashley. "GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF RADIOCARBON ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS FOR PARTICULATE AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON IN RIVERINE SYSTEMS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/632.

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Rivers are a significant source of particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC, DOC) into inland waters and coastal systems and provide a fundamental linkage between the terrestrial, oceanic, and atmospheric carbon reservoirs. Recent studies have examined the relationship between the quantity and form (POC vs. DOC) of carbon delivered to the aquatic system; however, little is known about the age of POC and DOC exported and how the radiocarbon age may vary with latitude, topographic gradient, vegetation, and land use. I provide the first global synthesis of published radiocarbon values of POC and DOC (∆14C). Inclusion of DOC and POC parameters (µM, δ13C, ∆14C) reveal significant driving forces of DOC (µM), latitude, and elevation (m) as capable of explaining 25% of the variability in DO14C in rivers and POC (µM) and latitude accounting for 15% of the variability in PO14C. When δ13C of DOC and POC and latitude were incorporated with ∆14C of DOC observations, 61% of the variability in DOC age was explained revealing the necessity to include dissolved and particulate fractions of organic carbon to yield the most robust predictive models. This study found a global trend of increasing age of DOC and increasing δ13C of DOC and POC with increasing latitude. My study suggests future research should incorporate both particulate and dissolved OC parameters along with elevation, vegetation, land cover, and climate zones to increase understanding of what drives the age of carbon exported in riverine systems.

8

Law, Ming-chu Cecilia, and 羅明珠. "The combined fouling of nanofiltration membranes by particulate solidsand dissolved organics in wastewater treatment and reuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43703689.

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9

McIntosh, Hadley Allaben. "Composition, Sources, and Age of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter in the Delaware River and Estuary." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617941.

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Estuaries are important sites of organic matter (OM) transformation, exchange, and burial but remain one of the least understood regions in the global carbon cycle. The carbon cycle within these regions is complex due to strong gradients in biological and physical processes, and increasing anthropogenic impacts. This is further complicated by the many sources of particulate and dissolved organic matter (OM) in estuaries, including materials derived from terrestrial and anthropogenic sources as well as aquatic and marine primary production. This study combined lipid biomarker analyses with stable and radiocarbon signatures of lipids and source-specific biomarkers to better understand the sources and aging of OM in Delaware River and Bay, a model estuarine system. The lipid composition of particulate organic matter (POM, > 0.7 μm) and ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (UDOM, 1kDa – 0.1 μm) was investigated along the salinity gradient in the Delaware River and Bay during five separate cruises. Sources of OM associated with POM and UDOM were examined using chlorophyll a, C:N ratios, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), total lipid extracts, and fatty acid (FA) biomarker compounds. Multiple hierarchical models explored which environmental characteristics were the primary drivers of POM and UDOM composition. These models revealed that chlorophyll a, POC, and TSS influenced POM sources and composition along the estuary, while a variety of drivers influence UDOM composition. Stable carbon (δ13C) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon, bulk particulate organic carbon (OC), and neutral and polar lipids from particulate organic matter (TLEPOM) and ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (TLEUDOM) were measured in order to gain insights about the source and age distribution of lipids along the Delaware River and Bay. Overall, Δ14C values for neutral TLE were more depleted (i.e., had “older” radiocarbon ages) than polar TLE. Radiocarbon ages for neutral TLEPOM were younger than neutral TLEUDOM by approximately 10,000 YBP, while polar TLEPOM and polar TLEUDOM were similar in age. Using a 14C isotope mass balance, changes in contributions of modern and fossil OC were quantified along the estuary for TLEPOM and in TLEUDOM. Complementary to determining the radiocarbon ages of different lipid classes, this study was the first to apply compound specific radiocarbon analyses to fatty acids (FA) associated with estuarine POM. Δ14C values indicate that the ages of terrestrial and algal FA change along the estuary. Terrestrial FA increased in age along the estuary due to downstream sources, while algal FA became “younger” along the estuary due to contributions from autochthonous sources. FA biomarker and radiocarbon analyses revealed changing composition of OM along the Delaware River and Bay: (1) older, terrestrial sources of OM characterized riverine OM, (2) the ETM was a location of shifting sources and introduction of “older” POC, and (3) the bay was dominated by younger, marine sources of OM. Lipid age was not based on within estuary processes but on the delivery of “aged” OM from the watershed and along-estuary mixing of different sources. Overall, this study provided new insights about the sources and ages of OM along the estuarine salinity gradient and the complex processes by which they are controlled.

10

Caulkett, Andrew Paul. "Studies of dissolved species and suspended particulate matter in the freshwater systems of Signy Island, maritime Antarctic." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311860.

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Книги з теми "Dissolved and particulate phases":

1

Harnish, R. A. Particulate, colloidal, and dissolved-phase associations of plutonium and americium in a water sample from well 1587 at the Rocky Flats Plant, Colorado. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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2

Harper, D. Determination of low concentrations of dissolved and particulate chromium in natural waters. Marlow: Water Research Centre, 1985.

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3

Wetz, Jennifer Jarrell. Particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen data from the GLOBEC long-term observation program, 1997-2004. Corvallis, Or: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 2006.

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4

Geological Survey (U.S.) and San Francisco Bay Estuarine Study., eds. Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, October 1988 through September 1991. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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5

San Francisco Bay Estuarine Study. and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Dissolved nutrient and suspended particulate matter data for the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, October 1991 through November 1993. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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6

Wetz, Jennifer Jarrell. Pump station data report for the May 2001, August 2001 and January 2003 COAST cruises: Nutrients, extracted chlorophyll, and dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen. Corvallis, Or: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 2005.

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7

Leenheer, J. A. Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1987-90. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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8

Leenheer, J. A. Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1987-90. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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9

Campbell, Vivian. The effect of chloride concentration and temperature on the partitioning of cadmium, copper and lead between the dissolved and solid phases of an urban stormwater detention pond. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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10

Tanner, D. Q. Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Distribution of trace-element concentrations in dissolved and suspended phases, streambed sediment, and fish samples, May 1987 through April 1990. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Dissolved and particulate phases":

1

Williams, P. M. "Chemistry of the dissolved and particulate phases in the water column." In Plankton Dynamics of the Southern California Bight, 53–83. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ln015p0053.

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2

Poupon, C., and J. Y. Benaim. "Distribution of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Particulate, Colloid and Dissolved Phases from the Amazon River System." In Environmental Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Environments, 205–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07060-4_16.

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3

Yan, Yubo, Qiao Li, Shiv Shankar Bolan, Nanthi S. Bolan, Yong Sik Ok, M. B. Kirkham, and Eilhann E. Kwon. "Interaction of Dissolved Organic Matter with Particulate Plastics." In Particulate Plastics in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments, 95–105. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003053071-8.

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4

Fleer, Alan P. "Updated Determination of Particulate and Dissolved Thorium-234." In Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization, 227–28. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm063p0227.

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5

Wei, Hua, and An Li. "Semi-volatile Organic Pollutants in the Gaseous and Particulate Phases in Urban Air." In Urban Airborne Particulate Matter, 339–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12278-1_16.

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6

Brinkmann, W. L. F. "Particulate and Dissolved Materials in the Rio Negro-Amazon Basin." In Sediments and Water Interactions, 3–12. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4932-0_1.

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7

Broberg, Ola, and Gunnar Persson. "Particulate and Dissolved Phosphorus Forms in Freshwater: Composition and Analysis." In Phosphorus in Freshwater Ecosystems, 61–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3109-1_6.

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8

Uncles, R. J., and J. A. Stephens. "Calculation of Estuarine Contaminant Transport with Strong Particulate-Dissolved Partitioning." In Estuarine Water Quality Management, 67–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75413-5_9.

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9

Uncles, R. J., and J. A. Stephens. "Calculation of estuarine contaminant transport with strong particulate-dissolved partitioning." In Estuarine Water Quality Management Monitoring, Modelling and Research, 67–72. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce036p0067.

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10

Oswood, M. W., J. G. Irons, and D. M. Schell. "Dynamics of Dissolved and Particulate Carbon in an Arctic Stream." In Landscape Function and Disturbance in Arctic Tundra, 275–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-01145-4_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Dissolved and particulate phases":

1

Stewart, Diane L., Anthony J. Gerbino, and Tony Scribner. "Application of OLI Electrolyte Simulation to the Resolution of Corrosion Concerns Within a Reciprocating Compressor." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7224.

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A 38 MMSCF/D Cooper Bessemer Model LM-9 reciprocating compressor in hydrogen service at the Praxair Westlake LA facility has experienced notable particulate contamination within the feed gas. The particulates were believed to be caused by upstream piping corrosion; however, to definitely state the cause, the properties of the fluid existing in the five-stage compressor needed to be more fully understood. An OLI electrochemical simulation software was used for dew point prediction, determination of the condensed phase ionic equilibria, and corrosion rate prediction. These tasks were beyond capabilities of the site-licensed UniSim software, as presently configured. Specifically, the model was used to identify the dew point conditions (temperature, pressure) and properties of the condensed water (pH, corrosivity, dissolved O2, and chlorine speciation). Model results were compared with site inspection findings. Subsequently, recommended limits for chlorine and oxygen in the feed gas were established to improve long term compressor reliability.

2

Borghi, M., M. Milani, F. Paltrinieri, and B. Zardin. "The Influence of Cavitation and Aeration on Gear Pumps and Motors Meshing Volumes Pressures." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13735.

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The paper describes the influence of the fluid modeling on cavitation and aeration detection in external gear pumps and motors inter-teeth volumes during the gears meshing process, in order to compare the results coming from the use of different physical models of air release/adsorption and cavitation. A simplified cavitation model is firstly involved, and pressure transients are calculated imposing a pressure cut when the fluid vapor pressure (or the dissolved air partial pressure) is reached. After, assuming an equivalent approach able to involve the vapor phase generation, the cavitation phenomena in the meshing volumes are deepened, and the influence of the fluid modeling enhancement on the cavitating machine behavior is highlighted. Then, the equivalent fluid approach is enhanced introducing the air release, and properly coupling the gaseous phases release/adsorption to the Henry's Law for not instantaneous processes. Finally, the influence of the air release/adsorption time constant on meshing volumes pressure transients are detailed, with particular attention devoted to the modification introduced by the cavitation detailing on the gaseous phase void fraction determination and on the angular extension of the cavitation phenomena detection.

3

Arantes Neto, M. S., E. J. de Souza, J. C. S. Moraes, and K. Yukimitu. "CRYSTALLINE PHASES OF Bi2O3 DISSOLVED IN 80TeO2-5BiO3-15WO3." In International Symposium on Crystallography. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/phypro-sic100-071.

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4

Iturriaga, Rodolfo H., and Collin S. Roesler. "Fluorometric characterization of dissolved and particulate matter in Arctic sea ice." In Ocean Optics XII, edited by Jules S. Jaffe. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.190046.

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5

Ayoub, L. M., Brenda Hargreaves, and D. P. Morris. "UVR attenuation in lakes: relative contibutions of dissolved and particulate material." In Ocean Optics XIII, edited by Steven G. Ackleson and Robert J. Frouin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266426.

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6

Vega, Leticia M., Jacobs Sverdrup, and Dean Muirhead. "Fate of Dissolved and Particulate Carbon in an Anoxic Biological Water Processor." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3019.

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7

Scheiderich, Kathleen. "Seasonal Variations in Chromium Isotopes and Dissolved/Particulate Metal Concentrations in San Francisco Bay." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2300.

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8

Massoudieh, Arash, Fabian A. Bombardelli, and Timothy R. Ginn. "Mathematical Modeling of Fate and Transport of Dissolved and Particulate Mercury in Riverine Systems." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)54.

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9

Ioannou, Ioannis, Robert Foster, Alex Gilerson, and Sam Ahmed. "Neural network approach to separate the non-algal absorption coefficient into dissolved and particulate." In First International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of Environment, edited by Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis, Kyriacos Themistocleous, Silas Michaelides, and George Papadavid. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028379.

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10

Belhadj Senini, Moustafa, Catherine Jeandel, Marion Lagarde, Corentin Baudet, and Helene Planquette. "Dissolved and particulate REE distributions in the tropical and subtropical Indian Ocean (SWINGS cruise)." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10019.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Dissolved and particulate phases":

1

Roesler, Collin S. The Influence of Particulate and Dissolved Material on the Water Clarity of the Littoral Zone. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325967.

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2

Roesler, Collin S. Conservative and Non-conservative Variability in the Inherent Optical Properties of Dissolved and Particulate Components in Seawater. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628354.

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3

Roesler, Collin. Conservative and Non-conservative Variability in the Inherent Optical Properties of Dissolved and Particulate Components in Seawater. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada636790.

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4

Repeta, Daniel J., Timothy I. Eglinton, and Robert F. Chen. Export and Molecular Level Characterization of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter from the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763993.

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5

Buesseler, K. O., S. B. Moran, and J. E. Bauer. Transformation rates and fate of dissolved, colloidal and particulate forms of organic carbon in ocean margins. Final report, May 1, 1992--April 30, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491422.

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6

Buesseler, K. O., S. B. Moran, J. E. Bauer, and E. R. M. Druffel. Transformation rates and fate of dissolved, colloidal and particulate forms of organic carbon in ocean margins. Final report, May 1, 1992--April 3, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666224.

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7

Barnard, Andrew H., and Collin S. Roesler. Identification and Quantification of the Temporal and Spatial Scales of Variability in Particulate and Dissolved Material Associated with Specific Land-Use Activities in the Penobscot River System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada522337.

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8

Bauer, J., and E. Druffel. Final Report: Sources and Turnover Times of Dissolved Colloidal and Particulate Organic Carbon in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Chesapeake Bay, May 1, 1994 - June 30, 1998. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763214.

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9

Roesler, Collin S. Temporal and Spatial Scales of Terrestrially-Derived Particulate and Dissolved Materials in the Penobscot River System: Quantifying Conserved and Non-Conserved Optical Properties and Transformations within the Estuary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531155.

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10

Bauer, J., and D. Druffel. Final Report: Sources and Turnover Times of Dissolved, Colloidal and Particulate Organic Compound in Waters in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Chesapeake Bay, July 1, 1995 - June 30, 1998. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/765163.

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