Дисертації: "Droghe"

1

SARRICA, FABRIZIO. "I prezzi delle droghe e violenza sistemica; uno studio empirico." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/88.

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Lo studio analizza la relazione tra i diversi prezzi delle droghe illegali, eroina e cocaina, e il livello di violenza sistemica in un territorio. L'ipotesi dello studio è che ad un aumento dei prezzi delle droghe illegali, si registra una maggiore violenza causata dal maggiore ritorno economico derivante dalla commissione della violenza. L'analisi empirica si riferisce agli anni ottanta e novanta negli Stati Uniti d'America. Lo studio di mostra la validità dell'ipotesi e propone nuove ambiti di ricerca.
The study analyzes the relation between the different prices of illegal drugs, heroin and cocaine, and the level of systemic violence recorded in a territory. The hypothesis of the study is that from an increase of the prices of illegal drugs, it is derived a greater level of violence caused by the greater menotary return derived by the commission of violence. The empirical analysis referred to the eighties and nineties in the United States of America. The study demonstrates the hypothesis and proposes new research paths.

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2

Del, Monaco Roberta <1983&gt. "L'accertamento dei reati di guida in stato di ebbrezza e alterazione da droghe." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4510/1/del_monaco_roberta_tesi.pdf.

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La tesi affronta le questioni processuali connesse alla verifica dei reati di guida in stato di ebbrezza e di alterazione da droghe. La ricerca si sviluppa in tre direzioni. La prima parte studia la disciplina tedesca. L’analisi parte dalle norme sostanziali che definiscono le fattispecie incriminatrici contemplate dall’ordinamento osservato; s’interessa, poi, degli equilibri tra gli strumenti di captazione della prova utili ai reati in discorso ed il principio nemo tenetur se detegere (l’ estensione del diritto di difesa tedesco copre anche le prove reali e non prevede obblighi di collaborazione all’alcoltest). Prosegue, infine, con l’esame delle metodologie di acquisizione della prova, dall’etilometro agli screening per le droghe, sino al prelievo ematico coattivo, indispensabile per l’accertamento penale. La seconda sezione esamina gli artt. 186 e 187 del codice della strada italiano, alla luce del principio di libertà personale e del diritto a non autoincriminarsi. Particolarmente delicati gli equilibri rispetto a quest’ultimo: l’obbligatorietà di un atto potenzialmente autoaccusatorio è evitabile solo a pena di una severa sanzione. Occorre definire se il diritto di difesa copra anche il mero facere o garantisca il solo silenzio. Se si ammette, infatti, che il nemo tenetur sia applicabile anche alle prove reali, la collaborazione obbligatoria imposta al conducente è scelta incompatibile con il diritto di difesa: la disciplina italiana presenta, dunque, profili d’illegittimità costituzionale. La terza parte riguarda le problematiche processuali poste dai controlli stradali che emergono dall’analisi della giurisprudenza. Si affrontano, così, le diverse vicende della formazione della prova: ci si interroga sull’istituto processuale cui ricondurre gli accertamenti, sulle garanzie di cui goda il guidatore durante e dopo l’espletamento dell’atto, sulle eventuali sanzioni processuali derivanti da una violazione delle predette garanzie. Si esaminano, infine, le regole di apprezzamento della prova che guidano il giudice nella delicata fase valutativa.
The thesis deals with some procedural issues in order to the evidence about driving under alcohol and drugs influence. It’s composed of three parts. The first part concerns the German law. First of all, it analyses the criminal and administrative rules that define the behavior of driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Furthermore, it deals with the specific balance between investigation’s aims and the privilege against self incrimination: in the German system, real evidences are under the privilege, so the driver has the possibility to refuse the alcohol-test (but the police can take a blood sample). Finally, it examines the methods of investigation: breath-test, drugs-screening, blood-test (essential for the evidence in criminal trial). The second part is about articles 186 and 187 of Italian traffic regulation and their compatibility with personal liberty and the nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare principle. In the matter of the privilege, to compel someone to accuse himself, even just with actions and not with words, could be considered a breach into the right not to incriminate oneself: the results would be that the Italian system were not constitutional valid. The third part faces the questions raised up in the case law. It concerns the procedural rules about collecting the evidence, with particular reference to the right to have a defending counsel and the outcomes of the violation of this right. Finally, it examines the judgement’s rules that must be observed in sentencing and the reliability of the scientific evidences here involved.

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3

Del, Monaco Roberta <1983&gt. "L'accertamento dei reati di guida in stato di ebbrezza e alterazione da droghe." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4510/.

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Анотація:

La tesi affronta le questioni processuali connesse alla verifica dei reati di guida in stato di ebbrezza e di alterazione da droghe. La ricerca si sviluppa in tre direzioni. La prima parte studia la disciplina tedesca. L’analisi parte dalle norme sostanziali che definiscono le fattispecie incriminatrici contemplate dall’ordinamento osservato; s’interessa, poi, degli equilibri tra gli strumenti di captazione della prova utili ai reati in discorso ed il principio nemo tenetur se detegere (l’ estensione del diritto di difesa tedesco copre anche le prove reali e non prevede obblighi di collaborazione all’alcoltest). Prosegue, infine, con l’esame delle metodologie di acquisizione della prova, dall’etilometro agli screening per le droghe, sino al prelievo ematico coattivo, indispensabile per l’accertamento penale. La seconda sezione esamina gli artt. 186 e 187 del codice della strada italiano, alla luce del principio di libertà personale e del diritto a non autoincriminarsi. Particolarmente delicati gli equilibri rispetto a quest’ultimo: l’obbligatorietà di un atto potenzialmente autoaccusatorio è evitabile solo a pena di una severa sanzione. Occorre definire se il diritto di difesa copra anche il mero facere o garantisca il solo silenzio. Se si ammette, infatti, che il nemo tenetur sia applicabile anche alle prove reali, la collaborazione obbligatoria imposta al conducente è scelta incompatibile con il diritto di difesa: la disciplina italiana presenta, dunque, profili d’illegittimità costituzionale. La terza parte riguarda le problematiche processuali poste dai controlli stradali che emergono dall’analisi della giurisprudenza. Si affrontano, così, le diverse vicende della formazione della prova: ci si interroga sull’istituto processuale cui ricondurre gli accertamenti, sulle garanzie di cui goda il guidatore durante e dopo l’espletamento dell’atto, sulle eventuali sanzioni processuali derivanti da una violazione delle predette garanzie. Si esaminano, infine, le regole di apprezzamento della prova che guidano il giudice nella delicata fase valutativa.
The thesis deals with some procedural issues in order to the evidence about driving under alcohol and drugs influence. It’s composed of three parts. The first part concerns the German law. First of all, it analyses the criminal and administrative rules that define the behavior of driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Furthermore, it deals with the specific balance between investigation’s aims and the privilege against self incrimination: in the German system, real evidences are under the privilege, so the driver has the possibility to refuse the alcohol-test (but the police can take a blood sample). Finally, it examines the methods of investigation: breath-test, drugs-screening, blood-test (essential for the evidence in criminal trial). The second part is about articles 186 and 187 of Italian traffic regulation and their compatibility with personal liberty and the nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare principle. In the matter of the privilege, to compel someone to accuse himself, even just with actions and not with words, could be considered a breach into the right not to incriminate oneself: the results would be that the Italian system were not constitutional valid. The third part faces the questions raised up in the case law. It concerns the procedural rules about collecting the evidence, with particular reference to the right to have a defending counsel and the outcomes of the violation of this right. Finally, it examines the judgement’s rules that must be observed in sentencing and the reliability of the scientific evidences here involved.

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4

GIOMMONI, LUCA. "LAW ENFORCEMENT, VIOLENCE AND GLOBALIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRICE DECLINE IN EUROPEAN DRUG MARKETS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6120.

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Pochi studi hanno analizzato I prezzi delle droghe in Europa nonostante I risultati forniti da questo tipo di analisi in altri paesi. In America, l’analisi sui prezzi delle droghe costituisce la base dell’attuale conoscenza su domanda e offerta del mercato delle droga e dell’effetto delle forze di polizia. Questa tesi analizza il prezzo delle droghe illecite (eroina e cocaina) in Europa. In particolare questo studio ha due obiettivi 1) identificare quali fattori influenzano i prezzi delle droghe; 2) identificare quali fattori hanno portato al declino dei prezzi delle droghe negli ultimi venti anni. In linea con la precedente letteratura, questo studio ha impiegato un’analisi della variazione geografica e temporale dei prezzi, un “Risk and price model” ed una analisi panel. I risultati mostrano che le forze di polizia e il livello di violenza hanno un effetto marginale sul prezzo delle droghe e non sono capaci di spiegare il loro declino negli anni. La globalizzazione sembra la principale spiegazione. La globalizzazione ha tagliato i costi nel traffico di droga, riducendo le inefficienze causate dalla sua illegalità (per esempio nel trasporto). Di conseguenza la globalizzazione può essere considerata la componente principale nello spiegare il declino dei prezzi delle droghe in Europa.
There are few studies on drug prices in Europe, despite the insight this type of analysis has provided in other countries. In the USA, the examination of drug prices has improved the knowledge of the demand and supply in drug markets and the impact of law enforcement. The dissertation aims to analyze the prices of illicit drugs (heroin and cocaine) in Europe. The study has two objectives: (1) identifying which factors affect drug prices; (2) analyzing which factors drove the price decline in the last twenty years. In line with the previous literature, the methods include the analysis of the trends of prices over time and across countries, a risk and price model, and a panel regression. The results show that law enforcement and violence have marginal impact on drug prices and they are unable to explain the decline over time. In fact, globalization is the key explanatory factor. Globalization has likely cut the costs of the drug trade, reducing the inefficiencies caused by illegality (e.g. transportation). As a result, it may be regarded as the most important factor in the price decline in European drug markets.

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5

Centola, Carmela. "Performance psicomotoria e attenzione visiva nei sanzionati per guida in stato di alterazione psicofisica da sostanze psicoattive." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243158.

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I conducenti sanzionati per guida in stato di alterazione psicofisica (da alcol e/o sostanze stupefacenti) potrebbero essere a maggior rischio neurocognitivo a causa dell’esposizione a multipli fattori di rischio. L’obiettivo dello studio è stato valutare la performance psicomotoria e, in particolare l’attenzione ed efficienza visiva, nei soggetti sanzionati sia per guida in stato di ebbrezza alcolica che sotto effetto di sostanze stupefacenti e identificare, tra questi, eventuali soggetti a maggior rischio di recidiva e sinistrosità. La valutazione della performance è stata condotta al termine della procedura di accertamento di idoneità alla guida prevista presso la Sezione di Medicina Legale mediante la somministrazione dei seguenti test: Choice Reaction Time, Response Competition Task, Visual Search e Eye Tracking, rispettivamente indaganti le funzioni di memoria a breve termine e seriale, concentrazione, tempi di reazione, attenzione ed efficienza visiva. Un significativo rallentamento dei tempi di reazione è stato rilevato per i conducenti che assumono farmaci psicoattivi e gastroprotettori; sul rallentamento psicomotorio incidono anche età e titolo di studio. Nei soggetti sanzionati alla guida sia per alcol che per sostanze stupefacenti si è osservato una correlazione lineare tra aumento dei tempi di reazione e aumentati valori sierici di fosfatasi alcalina. I conducenti recidivi e incorsi in incidenti stradali alcol correlati hanno presentato riduzione dell’efficienza visiva per esplorazione di poche aree di interesse (predeterminate nel test) e osservazione ripetute del centro dell’immagine. Poiché trattasi di abilità strettamente correlate alla guida, i risultati ottenuti sembrano promettenti nell’applicazione di un approccio integrato in sede di valutazione dell’idoneità alla guida ai fini dell’identificazione dei soggetti a maggiormente a rischio.
Subjects who driver under influence (DUI) of alcohol and drugs may be at greater risk for neurocognitive impairment because of their exposure to multiple sources of risk. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychomotor performance and, in particular, visual attention and efficiency, in subjects convicted of driving under influence of alcohol and drugs and to identify those at greater risk of recidivism and traffic accidents. Psychomotor evaluation was conducted at the end of medical examinations for driver's license regranting in Section of Legal Medicine, through the following test: Choice Reaction Time, Response Competition Task, Visual Search e Eye Tracking. Tests were chosen to study short-term memory, concentration, reaction times, visual search, attentive functions and visual efficiency. A significant impairment of reaction times was observed in drivers who take psychoactive medications and gastroprotective drugs; age and level of education also influence reaction times. In subjects convicted of alcohol and drugs a linear correlation was found between reaction times and alkaline phosphatase serum level. Drivers who were recidivists and involved in traffic alcohol-related accident presented a reduced visual efficiency due to exploration of few area of interest (established before the test) and repeat observation in center of image. As they are ability closely related to driving, results seem promising in to application of driver's license regranting procedure to identify the subjects a greater risk.

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6

Machado, Maria Cristina Neves. "Uso de drogas e reação social : ou da droga-delito à droga-estigma." Master's thesis, Porto : FDUP, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64353.

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7

Machado, Maria Cristina Neves. "Uso de drogas e reação social : ou da droga-delito à droga-estigma." Dissertação, Porto : FDUP, 2000. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=UPB01&find_code=SYS&request=000035694.

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8

Lalonde, Josée. "La relation drogue-criminalité dans une justification pour une politique en matière de drogues." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26685.

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La présente thèse porte sur l'examen des arguments drogue-criminalité employés par une gamme d'acteurs sociaux qui ont témoigne et/ou déposé un mémoire/document ou encore procédé à la rédaction des rapports produits aux récents Comité spécial du Sénat sur les drogues illicites et Comité spécial sur la consommation non médicale de drogues ou médicaments de la Chambre des communes, afin de soutenir une prise de position sur la politique à suivre en matière de drogues. S'agissant d'une analyse documentaire, un échantillon de 52 interlocuteurs oraux et/ou écrits a été constitué, interlocuteurs provenant de six milieux, soit les milieux gouvernementaux, les milieux policiers, les milieux de l'intervention, la communauté scientifique, les mouvements militants et le grand public. L'analyse de cette imposante documentation nous a permis de constater que selon les discours drogue-criminalité employés, les données sur lesquelles ces discours s'appuient et les intérêts personnels, collectifs et corporatistes enjeu, les interlocuteurs seront tentés d'adopter une approche antiprohibitionniste ou, à l'autre extrême, une approche plus ou moins prohibitive et répressive s'inscrivant dans le prohibitionnisme qui a actuellement cours en matière de drogues, au Canada.

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9

Mendoza, Pierre. "La politique criminelle de l'usage des drogues en Espagne." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10052/document.

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Après plusieurs réformes du Code pénal espagnol, de 1971 à 1995, confortées par la loi du 22 juin 2010, le législateur a voulu établir une distinction entre les drogues : les substances qui causent un grave danger à la santé et les autres. Parallèlement, la doctrine majoritaire et la jurisprudence ont poursuivi cette avancée en consacrant l'impunité du consommateur de "drogues toxiques, de stupéfiants ou de substances psychotropes". Cependant, s'il s'agit d'un drogodélinquant ou d'un consommateur qui diffuserait sa déviance et en particulier à l'encontre d'un mineur ou d'une personne dont les facultés physiques sont altérées, l'impunité est reconsidérée. De même, tout prosélytisme tendant à favoriser la consommation des drogues remet en cause la libéralisation voulue par les autorités espagnoles. Dès lors, certains auteurs prônent la légalisation pour que le principe de l'impunité du consommateur soit effectif
Between 1971 and 1995, the Spanish code incurred several reforms. On June 22nd 2010, a new law confirmed those reforms, making a distinction between the drugs which jeopardize the public health and the other drugs. In the same time, the main doctrine and case law have gone a little further by asserting that consuming “toxic drugs, narcotics or psychotropic substances” was not unlawful anymore. However it remains unlawful to become a drug delinquent or spread one's deviancy among minors and mentally disturbed persons. Besides, proselytizing in favour of drug consuming goes against the Spanish authorities'will to liberalize the drug laws. Some authors now go so far as to advocate a legislation which would vouch for total consumer impunity
Después de varias reformas del Código penal español, desde 1971 hasta 1995, confortadas por la ley del 22 junio de 2010, el legislator quiso establecer una distinción entre las drogas : las sustancias que causan grave daño a la salud y las otras. Al mismo tiempo, la doctrina mayoritaria y la jurisprudencia siguieron en esta vía, consagrando la impunidad del consumidor de "drogas tóxicas, de estupefacientes o de sustancias psicotrópicas". Sin embargo, si se trata de un drogodelincuente o de un consumidor que difunde su toxicomanía y particularmente en contra de un menor o de una persone con facultades psíquicas disminuidas, se vuelve a considerar la impunidad. Lo mismo, todo proselitismo que favorezca la consumición de drogas pone en peligro la liberalización deseada por las autoridades españolas. Desde entonces, algunos autores piensan que la legalización del consumo establecerá la efectividad del principio de la impunidad

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10

Melo, Netto Mathias Quaresma. "Economia da droga e financeirização: os impactos do sistema financeiro de drogas." Faculdade de Economia, 2017. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/25350.

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O mercado das drogas ilícitas tem sido considerado uma das atividades ilegais mais lucrativas do mundo atual. A lucratividade desse setor é ainda mais intensificada no contexto atual de financeirização da economia. A financeirização tem como característica principal a busca pela maximização das riquezas do investidor, criando canais em que os ganhos financeiros poderão ser cada vez maiores. Nesse sentido, é necessário analisar o mercado das drogas sob a ótica da economia, em que se encontram as figuras dos agentes econômicos: produtores (oferta) e consumidores (demanda), buscando maximizar seus ganhos. Vale lembrar que o caráter ilegal das drogas classifica a atuação nesse mercado como atividade ilícita e criminosa. Portanto, para analisar esse tema é necessário trazer um embasamento teórico sobre a economia do crime e economia da droga. Dessa forma, são inseridos nesta análise conceitos como a racionalidade dos agentes econômicos e o custo social proveniente do mercado das drogas. No contexto de financeirização e desregulamentação surgem oportunidades para que os agentes do mercado das drogas e as organizações criminosas modifiquem suas formas de atuação, tornando-se organizações com impactos transnacionais.
The illicit drug market has been considered one of the most profitable illegal activities in the world today. The profitability of this sector is further intensified in the current context of financialization of the economy. Financialization has as its main characteristic the search for the maximization of the investor's wealth, creating channels in which the financial gains can be increased. In this sense, it is necessary to analyze the drug market from the perspective of the economy, in which the figures of economic agents are found: producers (supply) and consumers (demand), seeking to maximize their gains. It is worth remembering that the illegal character of drugs classifies the activity in this market as an illegal and criminal activity. Therefore, to analyze this theme it is necessary to provide a theoretical basis on the economics of crime and the economy of drugs. In this way, concepts such as the rationality of economic agents and the social cost of the drug market are inserted in this analysis. In the context of financialization and deregulation, there are opportunities for drug market players and criminal organizations to change their ways of acting, becoming organizations with transnational impacts.

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11

BENNANI-BAITI, MOHAMMED IDRISS, and Simone Puiseux-Dao. "Structure-activite, pharmacotoxicologie de nouvelles drogues a potentialites antitumorales et essais de pharmacociblage par des cmplexes drogue-acide gras." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077015.

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La cytotoxicite et la selectivite des cetonucleosides, cetofluoronucleosides et ceto-c-glycosides ont ete recherchees sur des cellules epitheliales ou lymphoides, normales ou tumorales et une etude comparative avec des drogues anticancereuses est rapportee. Mettant a profit l'expression preferentielle par certaines tumeurs de recepteurs d'acide gras et d'alphaftoproteine (une proteine oncoftale transporteur d'acides gras), des experiences de pharmacociblage ont ete tentees avec des complexes drogue-acide gras: les resultats obtenus sont en faveur de l'utilisation des acides gras polyinsatures comme outils de pharmacociblage en chimiotherapie anticancereuse. Les bases pharmacologiques et pharmacocinetiques des ciblages realises ont ete etudies sur des lymphomes et lymphocytes humains. Notre groupe a precedemment montre une resurgence chez l'adulte de l'expression de l'alphaftoproteine dans des hepatomes, des lymphomes et des adenocarcinomes coliques et qu'une boucle autocrine y est activee. Cette expression est alors constitutive et assure une production elevee de la proteine. Nous etendons cette etude et montrons ici, par des etudes d'hybridation in situ qu'une boucle, probablement paracrine, est activee dans les tumeurs inflammatoires du sein chez la femme. Cette donnee laisse entrevoir la possibilite d'etendre les applications possibles du systeme de pharmacociblage drogue-acide gras a ce type de tumeur. Des problemes relatifs a la genotoxicite et au mecanisme d'action probable de ces drogues et conjugues sont egalement abordes et le comportement de cellules chimioresistantes vis-a-vis des ceto-c-glycosides a ete etudie. Enfin, la toxicite et l'activite antitumorale de ces drogues experimentales ont ete recherchees par des essais preliminaires sur des animaux sains ou porteurs de leucemie

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12

Herrera, Cardona Hannya Eliana. "Gerenciamento de caso em usuários de crack : contribuições para o tratamento e qualificação da intervenção profissional de um CAPS–AD do DF." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/14912.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos de Desenvolvimento Humano e Saúde, 2013.
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Embora se fale muito sobre o tema no Brasil, pouco se conhece sobre a realidade do usuário de crack que busca tratamento no Sistema de Saúde. Além disso, os tratamentos costumam ser precários, e o número de pacientes que melhoram sua qualidade de vida ainda é muito pequeno e pouco documentado. Este estudo propõe-se a definir o padrão de consumo e o perfil do usuário de crack que busca tratamento no CAPS-ad do DF e analisar as formas de intervenção através do modelo de Gerenciamento de Caso, com o propósito de compreender os significados e as relações construídas por profissionais da saúde e por usuários de crack vinculados ao CAPS-ad de uma cidade-satélite do DF. Visa-se com isso contribuir com subsídios para a qualificação de profissionais da área da saúde do SUS. A realização da pesquisa deu-se em dois momentos e gerou dois níveis de análise de dados; a primeira, quantitativa e a segunda, qualitativa. O primeiro momento consistiu no levantamento de dados epidemiológicos sobre o padrão de consumo e o perfil do usuário de crack do DF, por meio dos instrumentos: Questionário de dados sociodemográficos, Questionário do Perfil de Consumo de Crack, Escala da Gravidade de Consumo de Crack, Cocaine Craving Questionnaire Brief, aplicados a 130 usuários de crack do DF que participaram do projeto “Avaliação, gerenciamento de caso e seguimento de usuários de crack que se encontram em tratamento em seis estados brasileiros”. Essas informações foram tratadas através de estatística descritiva e ajudaram a conhecer o perfil do usuário de crack que recebe tratamento no CAPS-ad, contribuindo na contextualização do fenômeno. Os dados quantitativos indicaram que os usuários de crack apresentam padrão de uso semelhante ao daqueles pertencentes às classes de menor poder aquisitivo, buscam tratamento quando encontra-se abstinentes e conscientes sobre os agravos provocados pela droga e apresentam grande suscetibilidade afetiva, sentimentos de culpa, tristeza e vergonha decorrentes de seu envolvimento com a droga. No segundo momento, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dois profissionais da área da saúde (Assistentes Sociais gerentes de casos treinados) e com quatro dos usuários acompanhados pelos respectivos gerentes de casos, nesse mesmo CAPS-ad. Observou-se que a adesão e o engajamento do usuário, bem como o fortalecimento de suas habilidades, não dependem somente do conhecimento técnico e teórico que o profissional possui. A adesão e o atendimento dependem também das capacidades e habilidades em acolher e estabelecer relacionamentos de confiança e vínculo terapêutico com o paciente. Além disso, a falta de articulação e enfraquecimento da rede de saúde (e desta com as demais redes de serviços) podem trazer dificuldades para o processo de reabilitação e reinserção do usuário. As implicações do estudo ressaltam a importância da qualificação dos profissionais da saúde em serviço no que tange à humanização da intervenção com os usuários de drogas, através do acolhimento, engajamento e articulação com os serviços que permitam ao indivíduo reconhecer-se como sujeito e se engajar na própria reabilitação e reinserção social. Nesse sentido, o gerenciamento de caso mostrou-se uma potente ferramenta de intervenção e acompanhamento de usuários de crack. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Although much is said about this topic in Brazil, little is known about the reality of crack cocaine users seeking treatment in the Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). Furthermore, treatments for crack users in Brazil tend to be precarious and the number of patients that improve their quality of life conditions is still very small, and these cases are not so well documented so far. This study aims to define the consumption pattern and profile of crack users seeking treatment in CAPS ad-DF and analyze types of intervention through the model of Case management, in order to understand the meanings and relationships constructed by health professionals and crack users linked to CAPS-ad of satellite cities of the Federal District. Its central aim is thereby to contribute to the promotion of processes of professional´s health qualification, belonging to the SUS. The research occurred in two phases and generated two-level data analysis, the first qualitative and the second of quantitative nature. In the first instance, an evaluation was carried out of epidemiological data taking into account the consumption pattern and crack user profile of the Federal District through the instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Profile of Crack Consumption Questionnaire, Severity of Crack Cocaine Consumption Scale, Cocaine Craving Questionnaire Brief Scale, applied to 130 crack users who participated in the project “Assessment, case management and accompaniment of crack users in treatment in six Brazilian states”. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, allowing to understand the profile of the crack users receiving treatment in the CAPS-ad, contributing thus to the contextualization of the phenomenon. Quantitative data indicate that crack use patterns are similar to those of persons belonging to lower income classes, they seek treatment when they remain abstinent and are aware of potential complications caused by the drugs, and have a great emotional sensitivity, as well as feelings of guilt, sadness, and shame arising of the relation to the drug’s use. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews were carried out with two health professionals (social workers / case managers trained) and four users accompanied by their case managers, belonging to the same ad-CAPS. It was observed that the adherence and involvement of the users, as well as strengthening their professional skills, not only depend on the technical and theoretical knowledge that the professional has. Adhesion and attention, also depend on the skills and capabilities to accept and build relationships of trust and therapeutic bond with the patient. Moreover, the lack of coordination and gradual weakening of the health network (and this with other services networks) could lead to problems in the rehabilitation and integration process of crack user. The implications of this research highlight the importance of the formation of health professionals. This formation can enable them to understand the importance of humanizing intervention with drug users through acceptance, engagement, and coordination with other services, which will allow drug users as subjects that recognize and get involved in their own rehabilitation and social reintegration. Consequently, Case management proved to be a powerful tool for intervention and accompanying of crack users.

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13

Malinge, Jean-Marc. "Reaction d'une drogue anti-cancereuse, le cis-dichlorodiammineplatine (ii), avec l'acide desoxyribonucleique : formation d'un nouveau complexe avec des drogues intercalantes." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2017.

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Le cis-pichlorodiammineplatine (ii) (cis-ddp) est un puissant agent anti-tumoral en therapeutique humaine; il est souvent utilise en combinaison avec des drogues intercalantes produisant un effet synergique. Il est generalement admis que le mecanisme d'action du cis-ddp est relie a sa fixation sur l'adn. Pour expliquer niveau moleculaire comme des agents intercalants potentialisent l'activite du cis-ddp nous avons etudie la platination de l'adn en presence d'agents intercalants modele comme le bromure d'ethidium ou la proflavine. Un resultat inattendu est la formation de complexes ternaires entre l'acide nucleique, le cis-ddp et l'agent intercalant. La cartographie des sites de fixation du cis-ddp montre que la reactivite de certains sites de fixation est modifiee par un effet de sequence locale ou par la presence des agents intercalants. La caracterisation physicochimique des complexes ternaires ainsi qu'une etude avec d'autres intercalants revelent que l'adn peut orienter certains intercalants qui deviennent alors reactifs avec le cis-ddp, conduisant au pontage par le platine entre une guanine et un intercalant. Notre hypothese est que ces complexes ternaires peuvent expliquer l'effet synergique entre le cis-ddp et les drogues intercalantes

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14

Desvaux, Eric. "Ce que tout pharmacien doit savoir sur la toxicomanie et les drogues illicites." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P204.

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15

Baptiste, Françoise. "Exploration de l'influence de la drogue sur l'alimentation des femmes travailleuses du sexe de rue et utilisatrices de drogues par injection de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26697/26697.pdf.

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16

Patiño, Masó Josefina. "Patrones de consumo de cocaína en los jóvenes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96919.

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The main goal is to identify the prevalence and pattern of cocaine consumption among young people. The results obtained from surveys of a sample of 2139 university students served as input to harness new results through the personal interviews of a reduced sample of young people. The 81.1% of the students have never tried cocaine, 15.1% claim to have used it without considering themselves as consumers and 2.8% say they have stopped using it. Male respondents had a more frequent pattern of experimental consumption. The influence of social siblings is a crucial factor and habitual cocaine use is more frequent among those who experimented more precociously with this drug. The sporadic use of cocaine is not perceived as problematic behaviour. These results show the need to delay the age at which young people first consume cocaine as long as possible and to properly inform them of the risks associated with cocaine consumption.
L’objectiu general és conèixer la prevalença i el patró de consum de cocaïna entre els joves. Els resultats obtinguts a traves de 2139 enquestes fetes a estudiants universitaris han servit com a input per a potenciar l’obtenció de noves dades mitjançant entrevistes realitzades a una mostra reduïda de joves. El 81.1% dels estudiants mai han provat la cocaïna, un 15,1% declaren haver-la utilitzat sense considerar-se consumidors i un 2,8% afirmen haver deixat l’ús d’aquesta substancia. S’observa un patró de consum experimental més freqüent en els nois. La influència social d’amics i germans resulta ser una variable clau en aquest tipus de consum. L’ús habitual de cocaïna és més freqüent entre aquells que la van provar per primer cop més aviat. L’ús esporàdic de cocaïna no es percep com a problemàtic. Aquests resultats mostren la necessitat de retardar l’edat del primer consum de cocaïna i informar degudament dels riscos associats al seu consum.

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AGUIAR, Cibele Maria Duarte de. "Vivências sexuais de mulheres jovens usuárias de crack." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPE, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/14233.

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CAPES
Esta pesquisa se insere na área de conhecimento dos estudos sobre sexualidade em interface com questões de gênero e geração. Nosso objetivo foi analisar as vivências sexuais de mulheres jovens usuárias de crack e as repercussões de tais práticas em suas vidas. Partimos da perspectiva do construcionismo social que compreende a organização eminentemente social do mundo a partir das práticas discursivas. Para construir e analisar os dados, utilizamos a Análise Crítica do Discurso, que foca sua atenção nas relações de poder presentes nos discursos. Primeiramente, debatemos os aspectos gerais do uso de crack, enfatizando a feminização de tal uso e políticas públicas que atuam junto aos usuárias/os. Posteriormente, discutimos questões relativas à juventude, gênero e sexualidade, que atravessam a vida das usuárias, considerando-as sujeitos de direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos. Buscamos desenvolver um olhar interseccional por todo trabalho. A partir da abordagem qualitativa, realizamos a pesquisa em serviço de tratamento intensivo para usuários de álcool e outras drogas da cidade do Recife. Utilizamos observações participantes e entrevista semiestruturada com 03 mulheres jovens entre 18 e 29 anos. Os diários de campo nos auxiliaram nas considerações desenvolvidas sobre a instituição e políticas públicas. Observamos que as jovens viveram em bairros marcados por violência e tráfico, em contextos de dificuldade de acesso à saúde, educação, lazer e habitação, configurando uma condição de vida marcada pela miséria e exclusão social. Neste cenário, elas iniciaram o uso de crack e, por algumas vezes utilizarem o corpo para conseguirem droga, vivenciaram situações de risco, seja por agravos à sexualidade ou por violência física. Por vergonha de assumirem que vivem sua sexualidade ou que são usuárias de crack, dificilmente elas chegam às unidades de saúde, ficando desassistidas. Percebemos que há distanciamento e indiferença das relações em contexto familiar. As jovens têm planos positivos para suas vidas após a saída da instituição, entretanto, observamos a ausência de projetos profissionais. Acreditamos que uma abordagem psicossocial que as ajude a descobrir atividades que possam, minimamente, contribuir para a construção de independência financeira colabora na quebra dos ciclos de uso, indicando que este é um importante ponto a se investir no período de tratamento.

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18

Ridder, Michael de. "Heroin : vom Arzneimittel zur Droge /." Frankfurt/Main [u.a.] : Campus-Verl, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/309010349.pdf.

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19

Ataides, Roberta Peixoto. "Estigma e pessoas que usam crack : uma análise das publicações dos dois maiores jornais impressos do Brasil entre 2013 e 2014." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23693.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioética, 2017.
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O crack é uma droga derivada da cocaína que é disponibilizada em formato de pedra e fumada pelos seus usuários. O uso dessa substância, assim como de outras drogas, é um fenômeno complexo que deve ser abordado considerando a pessoa e o contexto em que ela está inserida, e não somente com foco na substância. Por ser um fenômeno que tem uma dimensão moral, os usuários de drogas sofrem com o estigma e com mitos relacionados ao seu comportamento. Os usuários de crack em especial são mais estigmatizados, pois o uso dessa droga é associado a população pobre e é uma das possíveis consequências da desigualdade social. Essa substância, seus consumidores e as consequências do consumo para o corpo humano e para a sociedade se tornaram foco da imprensa brasileira nos últimos anos. Sabe-se que a mídia tem um papel importante na formação da opinião pública e, ainda, que os assuntos e modo pela qual os jornais se referem a eles são também um reflexo da sociedade. Nesse trabalho foram analisadas reportagens sobre uso e usuários de crack publicadas na Folha de S. Paulo e no jornal O Globo, que são os dois maiores jornais em circulação no Brasil, entre 2013 e 2014. Esse período foi escolhido por contemplar o momento de lançamento da “Pesquisa Nacional sobre o uso de Crack” no Brasil publicada pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz em 19 de setembro de 2013. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é verificar se os jornais selecionados reforçam o estigma relacionado às pessoas que usam crack e os mitos que envolvem essa droga e os seus usuários e tentam direcionar a opinião pública de maneira que isso possa dificultar a proteção por parte do estado das pessoas vulneradas pela desigualdade social e pelo uso de crack. O método utilizado no estudo foi o da análise de conteúdo. Conclui-se que a Folha de S. Paulo e o jornal O Globo utilizam expressões estigmatizantes para se referir a pessoas que usam crack, reforçam mitos sobre a substância e os seus usuários, ignorando amplamente os resultados da pesquisa da Fiocruz acima mencionada.
Crack is a drug derived from cocaine that is made available in stone and smoked by its users. The use of this substance, as well as of other drugs, is a complex phenomenon that must be approached considering the person and the context in which he or she is inserted, and not just focusing on the substance itself. Due to the fact that this is a phenomenon that has a moral dimension, drug users suffer from stigma and myths related to their behavior. Crack users in particular are more stigmatized because the use of this drug is associated with poor population and it can be seen as one of possible consequences of social inequality. This substance, its consumers and the consequences of consumption for the human body and society have become the focus of the Brazilian press in recent years. It is known that the media has an important role in the formation of public opinion, and also that the subjects and manner in which newspapers refer to people who use crack are also a reflection of the society. This study analyzes news on crack use and people who use crack published in Folha de S. Paulo and in O Globo, which were the two largest newspapers in circulation in Brazil between 2013 and 2014. This period of analysis was chosen to contemplate the moment of the release of the National Research on Crack Use in Brazil published by Oswaldo Cruz Foundation on September 19, 2013. The objectives of this research is to verify if the selected newspapers reinforce the stigma related to crack users and the myths that involve crack and its users, and also if Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo try to direct public opinion in a way that would make it difficult for the state to protect people who lives in a vulnerable situation and are crack users. The methodology used in this study was the content analysis. The conclusion is that the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo use stigmatizing expressions to refer to people who use crack, reinforce myths about the substance and its users, ignoring the results of Fiocruz's research mentioned above.

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20

Mangelinckx, Jérôme, and Milagros Nataly Parrilla. "Mujeres y delitos de droga en el Perú. Protocolo de atención a mujeres vinculadas a casos por tráfico de drogas." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623461.

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El presente protocolo tiene por finalidad mejorar las condiciones de acceso a la justicia para mujeres privadas de libertad en casos de tráfico ilícito de drogas en Perú y busca orientar la asistencia legal prestada por estudiantes del derecho, abogados litigantes y defensores públicos.
El presente protocolo tiene por finalidad mejorar las condiciones de acceso a la justicia para mujeres privadas de libertad en casos de tráfico ilícito de drogas en Perú y busca orientar la asistencia legal prestada por estudiantes del derecho, abogados litigantes y defensores públicos.

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21

Bolien, Mario. "Hybrid testing of an aerial refuelling drogue." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761036.

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Hybrid testing is an emerging technique for system emulation that uses a transfer system composed of actuators and sensors to couple physical tests of a critical component or substructure to a numerical simulation of the remainder of a system and its complete operating environment. The realisation of modern real-time hybrid tests for multi-body contact-impact problems often proves infeasible due to (i) hardware with bandwidth limitations and (ii) the unavailability of control schemes that provide satisfactory force and position tracking in the presence of sharp non-linearities or discontinuities. Where this is the case, the possibility of employing a pseudo-dynamic technique remains, enabling tests to be conducted on an enlarged time scale thus relaxing bothbandwidth and response time constraints and providing inherent loop stability. Exploiting the pseudo-dynamic technique, this thesis presents the development of Robotic Pseudo-Dynamic Testing (RPsDT), a dedicated method that specifically targets the realisation of hybrid tests for multi-body contact-impact problems using commercial off- the shelve (COTS) industrial robotic manipulators. The RPsDT method is evaluated in on-ground studies of air-to-air refuelling (AAR) maneuvers with probe-hose-drogue systems where the critical contact and coupling phase is tested pseudo-dynamicallywith full-scale refuelling hardware while the flight regime is emulated in simulation. It is shown that the RPsDT method can faithfully reproduce the dominant contact impact phenomena between probe and drogue while minor discrepancies result from the absence of rate-dependant damping in the force feedback measurements. In combination with full-speed robot controlled contact tests, reliable estimates for impact forces, strain distributions and drogue responses to off-centre hits are obtained providing extensive improvements over current predictive capabilities for the in-flight behaviour of refuelling hardware and it is concluded that the technique shows great promise for industrial applications.

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22

Michalareas, Ilias. "La Géographie de la drogue en Grèce." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN1418.

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Le problème de la toxicomanie n'est pas dû à l'opium, présent depuis des millénaires, mais aux changements socioéconomiques de la révolution industrielle. La géographie mondiale de la culture de la drogue dépend du climat, des sols et des reliefs, mais aussi des raisons politiques, historiques et économiques. Le trafic de stupéfiants en Grèce est déterminé par la situation générale qui existe dans la région des Balkans. Les grands ports de la Grèce servent aussi bien à l'exportation qu'à l'importation de la drogue. La répartition départementale de saisies de plants de cannabis, de hachisch brut, de cocaïne et d'héroïne, montre que les départements qui présentent les chiffres les plus élevés sont ceux qui présentent aussi les plus hauts taux d'urbanisation. De plus, ce sont de départements qui se trouvent aux frontières du pays. La cartographie de zones sensibles touchées par le phénomène de la drogue correspond aux territoires qui ont les taux de chômage les plus élevés du pays. Il semble que des facteurs comme l'échec scolaire et le chômage jouent un rôle assez important. Dans ce sens les quartiers défavorisés de la ville d'Athènes deviennent un espace marqué par le trafic et la revente de la drogue. Le schéma des déplacements des toxicomanes à Athènes montre un espace social assez réduit. Il se creé alors pour les toxicomanes un étrange " espace de labyrinthe " qui conduit à " l'espace du trou noir ". C'est la raison pour laquelle on doit créer " un espace transitionnel " qui peut être une issue pour le toxicomane. Dans tous les cas la prévention des abus des substances psychoactives doit être une priorité politique et sociale.

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23

Sauloy, Mylène. "Colombie : drogue, mafia et pouvoir, 1970-1985." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA03A015.

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La drogue est un element incontournable dans l'analyse de la crise colombienne aujourd'hui. Une crise manifeste dans la vulnerabilite de l'etat, sa deliquescence et son atomisation. Une crise tangible au niveau economique, ideologique et culturel. Une crise enfin qui atteint son paroxyme avec le blocage endemique du systeme politique et le dechainement d'une violence generalisee. En colombie, les parrains de la drogue jouent un role preponderant dans ce processus. Leur argent corrompt, soit, mais l'etat lui-meme n'a pas hesite a s'en servir comme d'un instrument de politique economique. Leur influence sociale est telle qu'ils sont a l'origine de la "classe emergente" (la classe "montante") l'economie de la drogue est totalement integree a l'economie legale. En fait, la montee de la mafia en colombie n'est explicable que parce qu'elle renforce le pouvoir en place. Mais en meme temps, il faut l'interpreter comme un facteur de remise en cause de l'echelle de valeurs dominantes et de l'image de l'etat. Et finalement de la legitimite de l'etat lui-meme
Drugs are a factor impossible to ignore when analysing today's colombian crisis. The colombian state is parcelled out; it suffers from anaemia and decay. The crisis is sensible in economic, ideological and cultural aspects too. Its climax is reached with the endemic jamming of the political system and the bursting out of generalized violence. Colombian drugs traffickers are playing a determinating part in this process. Their money corrupts, indeed, but the state itself did not hesitate to use it as an instrument for its economic policy. Their social influence is so important that they gave birth to a new social class; the "classe emergente" (the "rising class"). Drugs economy is totally integrated in the legal economy. Finally, mafia's growth in colombia is to be explained by the fact that it strengthens the established power. But, at the same time, it has to be interpreted as a factor of disruption in the prevailing scale of values and the state's image. As a last result, it calls the very legitimacy of the state into question

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24

Dany, Lionel. "La drogue et le cannabis : approche psychosociale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10073.

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Ce travail doctoral constitue une analyse psychociale de la drogue et du cannabis en référence au champ conceptuel des réprésentations sociales. Quatre points d'ancrage permettent d'illustrer ce projet : la nécessité d'une analyse centrée sur le sens pour étudier la drogue et le cannabis, le choix des "jeunes" comme population de référence, le questionnement des enjeux de la situation sociale de l'objet dans l'analyse des réprésentations sociales et la prise en compte de la "distance à l'objet" comme paradigme du lien à l'objet. Notre programme de recherche s'est inscrit dans une démarche pluri-méthodologique (entretiens, questionnaires, analyse de produits culturels) associée à une perspective de triangulation. L'ensemble des données nous a permis de spécifier l'impact des enjeux générationnels et des évolutions sociétales sur les représentations de la drogue et de mettre en évidence le rôle important des divers contextes normatifs opérants sur la reconstruction de sens sur l'objet cannabis. Dans un autre registre, les recherches effectuées posent la question essentielle des choix méthodologiques (cf. Questionnaire de mise en cause) au regard du statut psychosocial des objets de représentation étudiés. Enfin, nos résultats ont permis de valider l'intérêt d'une conceptualisation du lien à l'objet sous forme de distance.

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25

Sauloy, Mylène. "Colombie drogue, mafia et pouvoir, 1970-1985 /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618452v.

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26

Gkotsinas, Konstantinos. "« Ulcères sociaux » : la société grecque de l'entre-deux-guerres face à la drogue." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0018.

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Depuis la fin du XIXe siècle et la diffusion du chanvre indien, jusqu'aux années 1920 et la propagation de l'héroïne, l'usage récréatif de substances psychoactives s'est popularisé en Grèce, donnant naissance à une « scène de la drogue » avec ses substances vedettes, ses acteurs principaux et ses lieux de consommation favoris. Cette évolution s'est accompagnée par la promulgation de mesures restrictives culminant dans l'imposition d'un Monopole étatique des Narcotiques pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, ainsi que dans une série de réponses répressives ou, dans un moindre degré, thérapeutiques. Si ces réponses avaient somme toute une portée plutôt restreinte, la mise en place d'un régime prohibitif - évolution simultanée dans plusieurs pays à travers le monde -, traduisait en fait l'avènement d'un problème social inédit : la « toxicomanie ». Et, bien que le nombre des « toxicomanes » enregistré par les statistiques policières, judiciaires, pénitentiaires, psychiatriques etc. Soit resté relativement limité au cours de l'entre-deux-guerres, l'imaginaire lié aux trafiquants et aux usagers de substances désormais prohibées s'est prouvé prolifique et puissant, car il faisait écho à des questions plus larges préoccupant la société grecque : d'abord l'avenir de la nation, la préservation de la « race grecque », la place du pays dans le monde, les rapports de la société avec la modernité et le changement ; ensuite, l'attitude envers l'Autre, que celui-ci fusse défini par son sexe, son âge, sa nationalité, sa position sociale ; enfin, le contexte sociopolitique agité de la période de l'entre-deux-guerres
From the end of the 20 th century and the diffusion of Indian hemp to the 1920s and the dissemination of heroin, the recreational use of psychoactive substances spread across Greece giving birth to a "drug scene" with its popular substances, its principal actors and its favorite consumption places. This development was accompanied by the promulgation of restrictive measures, which culminated in the imposition of a State Monopoly on Narcotics during the Interwar period, as well as in a series of repressive or, in a lesser degree, therapeutic responses. If these responses were on the whole of a rather limited scope, the establishment of a prohibitive regime - a development that occurred simultaneously in several countries across the world - expressed actually the rise of an unprecedented social problem : "drug addiction". Although the number of drug addicts recorded in police, court, penitentiary, and psychiatric statistics remained low during the Internal period, the imaginary concerning drug traffickers and users proved to be rich and potent. The reason was that the problem echoed broader questions which preoccupied Greek society at the time and which were related first to the nation's future, the "Greek race's" survival, the country's position in the world, the society's relations to modernity and change ; second to the attitudes towards Otherness, whether defined by sex, age, nationality, or social position ; third to the agitated sociopolitical context of the Interwar period

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Hassan, Gana Abdullahi. "Drought and drought mitigation in Yobe State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621793.

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Drought is regarded as a natural phenomenon and its impacts accumulate slowly over a long period. It is considered to be insufficient precipitation that leads to water scarcity, as triggered by meteorological parameters, such as temperature, precipitation and humidity. However, drought mitigation has mostly been reactive, but this has been challenged by extreme events globally. Many countries and regions around the world have made efforts in mitigating drought impacts, including Nigeria. This research produced frameworks for drought amelioration and management as a planning tool for Yobe State, Nigeria. Mixed methods were employed to investigate the effects of drought; 1,040 questionnaires were administered to farmers in three regions of Yobe State (South, North and East). Some 721 were returned, representing a 69.3% return rate. Drought is pronounced in the State and has been recent over the years; it has also affected many people, with losses of ~70-80% of their harvests and livestock. Drought coping strategies have also caused environmental degradation in Yobe State. Farmers over-harvest their farms, practise deforestation and over-exploit wild animals. Several efforts to mitigate the impacts of drought by the Nigerian Government have failed, thus this research adopts a bottom-top approach to mitigate drought impacts in Yobe State. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were also conducted at government and community levels to gather farmers' and government officials' opinions on their drought experience and suggestions for mitigation measures. Farmers believed that rainfall is their main problem and officials pointed that there are no proper drought mitigation plans in Yobe State. Four validated drought mitigation and management frameworks were developed for Yobe State. The frameworks were evaluated pre-use through respondent validation. State officials and farmers believed that these frameworks will reduce the impacts of drought in Yobe State. The frameworks include social, economic, environmental impact mitigation and an Integrated Drought Mitigation and Management Framework. The proposed frameworks were designed and have advocates a paradigm shift, using both proactive and reactive measures. A new drought definition was proposed based on the findings of the study. The definition states that drought is the shortage of rainfall or water that affects people's livelihood and the environment both directly and indirectly.

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Palma, Campos Claudia. "Mujeres, tráfico de drogas y cárcel en Costa Rica: Una etnografía interseccional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398754.

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La venta de drogas a pequeña escala es el principal delito por el que ingresan las mujeres en la cárcel en Costa Rica. A pesar de que las mujeres corresponden sólo a un 5% del total de la población penitenciaria del país, casi el 60% ingresa por una falta a la Ley No. 8204 sobre estupefacientes. Este es un fenómeno que está vinculado tanto con las políticas internacionales de penalización, como a los contextos socioeconómicos, políticos y culturales en el ámbito local. En un país como Costa Rica el impacto más importante del tráfico de drogas no está relacionado con el consumo, sino con el encarcelamiento por el comercio de pequeñas cantidades de drogas ilegales. Es sobre esta consecuencia que trata la investigación. La vinculación a esta dinámica ilegal se ha convertido en una economía de sobrevivencia y como parte de otras actividades, muchas del mismo calibre informal, de las que algunas personas echan mano para salir adelante en su vida cotidiana. El trabajo de campo que da sustento a esta investigación y su análisis interseccional, pone en evidencia que la vinculación de un reducido grupo de mujeres al comercio de pequeñas cantidades de drogas, se enmarca en una estrategia para resolver la inmediatez, al igual que muchas otras que han ideado a lo largo de su propia historia social, cultural y laboral. Estas historias, a pesar de que recogen estrategias para intentar superar situaciones iniciales de desigualdad, han tenido un contexto socioestructural específico, que ha decantado en otras dinámicas de exclusión económica e invisibilidad social.
Small-scale drug dealing is the main charge women are accused of and imprisoned for in Costa Rica. Despite the fact that women make up just 5% of the incarcerated population in the country, more than 55% of these women are imprisoned under Law No. 8204, the Narcotic Drugs Act. This is a phenomenon that is linked to both international political criminalisation, and local socioeconomic, political and cultural contexts. In a country like Costa Rica the most significant impact of drug trafficking is not related to consumption, but rather to the incarceration of people linked to the management of small quantities of illegal drugs. This research is precisely about this direct consequence. People’s involvement in the sale or trafficking of small amounts of drugs, has become a survival economy and a part of other activities, many informal as well, which they draw upon to get by in their daily lives. The field work that supports this research and intersectional analysis shows that the involvement of a group of women, a very small group in the end, in small-scale trafficking of illegal drugs, has been one economic strategy to address their immediate problems, like many others they have developed in their own social, cultural and labor histories. Despite their personal efforts to get ahead, these stories exist in a social and political context, which have led to economic exclusion and social invisibility.

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Fernández, Castillo Noelia. "Genètica i drogues psicoestimulants: dependència de cocaïna i consum d’èxtasi." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84086.

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La cocaïna i l’èxtasi (MDMA, 3,4-metilendioximetamfetamina) són drogues psicoestimulants que incrementen l’activitat del sistema nerviós central i perifèric amb efectes com l’augment de l’estat d’alerta, la resistència, la productivitat, la motivació, la locomoció, el ritme cardíac i la pressió sanguínia. Ambdues drogues tenen efectes sobre l’estat d’ànim, tot induint sentiments d’eufòria i provocant plaer i recompensa. El seu consum, principalment per part d’adolescents i adults joves, té conseqüències greus per a la salut, i a la llarga el consum reiterat pot esdevenir crònic donant lloc a abús o dependència. Tant la cocaïna com l’MDMA actuen principalment activant els sistemes de neurotransmissió dopaminèrgica i serotoninèrgica en els circuits neuronals de plaer i de recompensa. La genètica juga un paper molt important en la transició del consum a l’abús i a la dependència: d’una banda totes dues drogues indueixen canvis en l’expressió gènica que estan a la base de les neuroadaptacions i del remodelatge dels circuits neuronals que condueixen al consum crònic, i de l’altra hi ha factors genètics de predisposició a la dependència que poden afavorir el desenvolupament d’aquest fenomen en certs individus. El treball que es presenta en aquesta Tesi Doctoral ha permès identificar variacions en el genoma que predisposen a la dependència de cocaïna, així com alteracions en el transcriptoma de cèl•lules neuronals (in vitro) o de determinades estructures cerebrals (in vivo) causades per l’acció de la cocaïna o de l’MDMA. Així, s’ha estudiat la participació de variants genètiques de susceptibilitat a la dependència de cocaïna mitjançant estudis d’associació de tipus cas–control cobrint sistemes gènics sencers implicats en la neurotransmissió dopaminèrgica i serotoninèrgica, en el control de l’alliberament de neurotransmissors i factors neurotròfics i els seus receptors. S’han avaluat un total 446 variants polimòrfiques en 52 gens, seleccionades mitjançant criteris de cobertura genètica. Els resultats més remarcables són la identificació de dos haplotips de risc per la dependència a cocaïna als gens 5-HT1E i NSF (que codifiquen per un receptor de serotonina i per una proteïna implicada l’alliberament de vesícules de neurotransmissor, respectivament). En el cas de l’haplotip de risc del gen NSF, a més predisposa a la dependència ràpida (en dos o menys anys des de l’inici del consum). També s’ha avaluat l’efecte del tractament agut amb cocaïna sobre l’expressió gènica en cèl•lules humanes SH-SY5Y diferenciades a neurones dopaminèrgiques mitjançant microarrays i l’estudi mostra alteracions en la transcripció de gens implicats en la regulació de la transcripció i expressió gènica, moviment cel•lular i adaptacions neuronals. I finalment, s’ha estudiat l’efecte de l’administració activa i passiva d’MDMA sobre la transcripció gènica en quatre estructures cerebrals de ratolí implicades en el fenomen de recompensa. L’estudi de l’efecte directe del MDMA sobre l’expressió gènica mitjançant la comparació de ratolins que reben una solució salina de forma passiva i ratolins que reben MDMA de forma passiva o activa, mostra alteracions en la transcripció de gens implicats principalment en la funció immunitària i en processos inflamatoris a les quatre estructures cerebrals estudiades. La comparació entre el consum actiu i passiu d’MDMA ha permès identificar canvis d’expressió relacionats amb neuroadaptacions i canvis de plasticitat sinàptica a hipocamp i als nuclis dorsals de rafe. En aquesta última regió cal destacar quatre gens que se sobreexpressen com a conseqüència del consum actiu d’MDMA, tots ells implicats en la plasticitat sinàptica, els canvis en la morfologia de les espines dendrítiques i processos neuronals relacionats amb la memòria i l’aprenentatge: Camk2a, Kalrn, Ddn i Egr3. Aquesta troballa reforçaria la idea que aquesta estructura cerebral podria estar involucrada en el comportament de cerca activa d’MDMA, tot recolzant el potencial addictiu d’aquesta droga.
Cocaine and ecstasy (MDMA, 3,4-metilendioximetamfetamina) are psychostimulant drugs that activate the central and peripheral nervous system increasing alertness, energy and motor activity, motivation, cardiac rate and blood preassure. Both drugs have effects on mood, inducing feelings of well-being, euphoria, pleasure and reward. Cocaine and ecstasy use, mainly used by young people, has serious detrimental health effects, and repeated use can become chronic leading to abuse or dependence. Both drugs exert their main psychostimulant effects by activating the dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission systems in the brain circuits involved in pleasure and reward. Genetics play an important role in the transition from use to abuse and dependence: on one hand, both drugs induce changes in gene expression that are on the basis of neuroadaptations and neuronal circuit remodeling that lead to the chronic use, on the other hand, there are genetic risk factors that predispose to dependency that can drive the development of addiction in some individuals. The work presented in this Doctoral Thesis has allowed to identify genomic variants that predispose to cocaine dependence, as well as gene expression changes in the transcriptome in in vitro and in vivo models. For this purpose, the participation of susceptibility genetic variants to cocaine dependence have been studied using case-control association studies, covering whole gene systems involved in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission, in the control of neurotransmitter release, and also encoding neurotrophic factors and their receptors. It has also been evaluated gene expression changes in a human dopaminergic neuronal model after an acute exposure to cocaine. Finally the effect of active and passive MDMA administration on gene expression in mice has been evaluated in four brain structures involved in reward and reinforcing effects of the drug.

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Yvorel, Jean-Jacques. "Drogues et drogues en france de 1800 a 1920." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070073.

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En un peu plus d'un siecle, en france, la consommation de drogues, primitivement "sans probleme" devient un peril social appelant une penalisation. Ce travail retrace la genealogie de cette problematisation. Il montre comment "l'histoire des drogues" s'inscrit dans l'histoire du xixe siecle; comment elle est liee aux evolutions intellectuelles, aux bouleversements des mentalites et aux transformations economiques qui sont la marque de ce siecle. Il analyse le processus de developpement des consommations, l'ledification d'images et de representations qui amenent la penalisation
In just over a century, the attitude towards drug consumption infrance, has moved frol a lack of interest to the image of a social peril calling for punishment by law. This work retraces the genealogy of how and why drug consumption became problematical. It shows how "the history of drugs" is part of the history of the 19 th century; how it is tied up with intellectual evolution, the changes in mentality and the economic transformation which are the trademark of that century. It analyses the process of growth of the consumption and the setting up of images on durg use which in the end led into penalization

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Lima, Flávio Augusto Fontes de. "Justiça terapêutica: em busca de um novo paradigma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-09062011-142923/.

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L\'étude menée par la justice thérapeutique vise à mieux comprendre ce nouvel institut, dont la terminologie est fort polysémique, ayant très peu de sources détudes disponibles. En 1999, un groupe de Rio Grande do Sul, au Brésil, a élaboré un modèle selon lequel les majeurs pénaux utilisateurs de drogues devraient, en cas dinfraction pénale, se soumettre à des traitements imposés par la Justice, conformément aux dispositions du ECA [Estatudo da criança e do adolescente (Statut des enfants et des adolescents)], destinés aux jeunes qui se livrent à des actes illégaux. Ce mouvement a été appelé Justice Thérapeutique et, bien que récent, il a reçu de chaleureux éloges et fait lobjet de vives critiques, en particulier de la part des personnes de justice et de la santé. Nous avons remarqué quau Brésil il ya une grande désinformation sur les postulats de la justice thérapeutique, un petit nombre de statistiques et un manque de rigueur méthodologique de la part des défenseurs eux-mêmes de ce mouvement. Le présent travail pretend enquêter sur ce mouvement, en linsérant dans lhistoire législative brésilenne, en ce qui concerne les drogues, tout en faisant um parallèle avec le nouveau phénomène des Drug Courts des États-Unis. Dans le corps de CE travail, nous avons recueilli quelques-unes des donées impressionnantes sur la consommation et léconomie des drogues. Ensuite, à laide de quelques écrits dans le domaine de la santé, nous avons essayé didentifier les différents niveaux de lusage de drogues, considérés du point de vue technique. Nous avons aussi essayé denquêter sur linterdiction globale des drogues, lancée par la politique intérieure des États-Unis. Nous avons également analysé la politique des stratégies visant à réduire les méfaits, comme une ressource dassouplissement de linterdiction. Puis nous avons commencé à mettre laccent sur les Drug Courts des États-Unis, conçues par beaucoup comme la source dinspiration de la justice thérapeutique brésilienne. Nous avons fait un récit historique des principales normes relatives à la drogue, à la justice et au traitement de la dépendance aux stupéfiants au Brésil. Le mouvement de la justice thérapeutique a été lobjet denquêtes approfondies. Des statistiques et évaluations critiques ont été présentées par des spécialistes dans les domaines de la santé et du droit. De la même façon, nous avons analysé la compatibilité ou non-compatibilité de la justice thérapeutique avec les principes dindépendance, dautonomie et bienfaisance de la bioéthique, de la légalité, de la dignité humaine, du droit à lintimité, et encore si la loi est en droit dintervenir dans le domaine de lindividu qui consomme de la drogue de façon dysfonctionnelle. Enfin, nous nous sommes proposé dexaminer, au moyen dune recherche sur le terrain menée dans les CAPS-AD de Recife (PE), sil y a une différence significative entre le traitement des consommateurs de drogues dysfonctionnels guidés para la justice et le traitement des usagers qui demandent volontiers de laide et ceux qui sont guidés par des membres dautres domaines tels que la santé.
O estudo da Justiça Terapêutica visa a compreender melhor esse novel instituto, com uma nomenclatura tão polissêmica e com pouquíssimas fontes de estudo disponíveis. Em 1999, um grupo gaúcho concebeu um modelo nos quais maiores penais usuários de substâncias que praticassem delitos, deveriam ser tratados por imposição judicial, conforme é previsto na ECA para adolescentes que praticam atos infracionais. Esse movimento foi denominado Justiça Terapêutica e, apesar de recente, tem sido alvo de calorosos elogios e severas críticas, mormente de pessoas das áreas da justiça e saúde. Percebemos que há no Brasil uma grande desinformação a respeito dos postulados da Justiça Terapêutica, poucas estatísticas e uma falta de rigor metodológico por parte dos próprios defensores desse movimento. Esse trabalho visa a investigar esse movimento, inserindo-o na história legislativa brasileira referente a drogas, cotejando-o com o novel fenômeno das Drug Courts dos EUA. No corpo do trabalho reunimos alguns dos impressionantes dados do consumo e economia das drogas. Em seguida, socorremo-nos de escritos da área de saúde para tentarmos identificar, do ponto de vista técnico, os diferentes níveis do uso de drogas. Procuramos investigar o proibicionismo mundial das drogas irradiado a partir da política interna dos EUA. Como política de flexibilização do proibicionismo, analisamos a política das estratégias de redução de danos. Em seguida passamos a enfocar as Drug Courts dos EUA, tidas por muitos como a fonte inspiradora da Justiça Terapêutica brasileira. É feita uma narrativa histórica das principais normas ligadas a drogas, justiça e tratamento no Brasil. O movimento da Justiça Terapêutica foi investigado exaustivamente, foram apresentadas estatísticas e apreciações críticas por especialistas das áreas de saúde e direito. Analisou-se a compatibilidade ou não compatibilidade da Justiça Terapêutica com os princípios da autonomia, bioéticos da autonomia e beneficência, da legalidade, da dignidade da pessoa humana, do direito à intimidade, bem como se o direito tem legitimidade de intervir na esfera do indivíduo com uso disfuncional de drogas. Visamos, outrossim, a investigar, através de pesquisa de campo nos CAPS-AD de Recife (PE), se há alguma diferença significativa no tratamento do usuário disfuncional de drogas encaminhado pela justiça em relação aos que buscam voluntariamente e os encaminhados pelos integrantes de outras áreas como da saúde.

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Blandin, Yann Ballereau Françoise. "L'Europe sanitaire et sociale face à la drogue." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHblandin.pdf.

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Grosman, Lucas S. "utonomía y drogas." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/550945.

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La jurisprudencia y la doctrina argentinas se han pronunciado por permitir el consumo de drogas y castigar su suministro. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista del derecho a la autonomía, esta distinción es difícil sostener: el Estado no puede consagrar un derecho a consumir drogas a la vez que castiga penalmente la conducta que resulta un antecedente necesario de tal consumo. Por otra parte, la autonomía es un derecho que solo cabe invocar en ciertos casos, pero no si la voluntad del sujeto se encuentra comprometida por el uso de las drogas. Por eso debe diferenciarse entre distintos tipos de drogas según su efecto sobre la autonomía del sujeto. Cuando el acto de drogarse no es autónomo, cobra vigor el deber estatal de proteger la salud del individuo. Tal deber resulta incompatible con el castigo penal del consumidor, pero no con otras medidas, como los tratamientos compulsivos de desintoxicación y el castigo del suministro.

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34

Juddet, Josette. "Drogues et mycoses." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P098.

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35

Sprinkle, Jim. "Supplementation During Drought." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144719.

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6 pp.
Breeding failure is the most important adverse consequence to the cow herd during drought. This is due to reduced forage quality and availability, resulting in nutritional stress. This publication provides information on how to supplement cattle to meet its nutrient requirements during drought.

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Abraham, Joseph. "Assessing drought vulnerability." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196047.

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This dissertation makes valuable contributions to hazard and disaster vulnerability assessment theory and methodology. Appendix A presents results of a national survey of state drought planning processes that examined and evaluated how state processes were assessing drought impacts and vulnerabilities, and how assessments were used to mitigate risk. While impact and vulnerability assessments have been useful for reactive, short-term mitigation, most were found to have not been used to develop pro-active and/or committed, long-term mitigation programs. To be useful for developing long-term planning and mitigation, assessments must involve more social scientists, a greater emphasis on second-, third-, etc., order impacts, and examining how systems are sensitive to drought exposure, and studying adaptive capacity. Appendix B adapts a political economy/human ecology and political ecology research framework and examines how regional historical, institutional and regional development patterns in central Arizona have contributed to the production of local drought vulnerability in rural Arizona during the 20th century. The study evaluates the applicability of a research framework developed in Third World settings, and resulted in valuable insights for developing state and county policy in Arizona to mitigate social, economic, and political-institutional drivers of drought vulnerability. Appendix C compliments the assessment in Appendix B by examining local drivers of drought vulnerability and conducting a comparative drought vulnerability analysis in two rural communities in northern Gila County, Arizona. The assessment found local differences in community water system vulnerabilities were driven by differences in capacity to adapt to climate variability and population growth. Differences in adaptive capacity, in turn, were driven by differences in local management, institutional factors, and economic incentives of private and public water systems. Together, the three appendices contribute practical and theoretical contributions for assessments conducted by state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, and academic research units that seek to assess and ultimately mitigate hazard and disaster vulnerability.

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Sprinkle, Jim E. "Supplementation During Drought." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239551.

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38

Farina, Daniele. "Drogas e mídia." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100573.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
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Este estudo selecionou sistematicamente artigos da literatura sobre drogas e os analisou em sua forma de abordagem, buscando perspectivas, contribuições e limitações sobre o tema. Foram realizadas duas revisões sistemáticas distintas. Uma sobre o crack entre 2000-2010, nas bases Lilacs, Medline e Scielo com o objetivo de analisar os aspectos relacionados ao uso e abuso desta substância, que resultou em 126 artigos. A segunda revisão sobre drogas e mídia, foi realizada com o material publicado entre 2000-2010 nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, PsycInfo e Scielo. Esta busca resultou em 106 artigos com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente determinados. Os resultados estão dispostos em dois artigos científicos um deles denominado "Revisão sistemática sobre crack: aspectos relacionados ao uso e abuso", que abordou o crack em suas relações com a saúde e doença, traçou o perfil do uso e do usuário e também mostrou a questão psicológica e social dos sujeitos que fazem uso desta substância. Faz ligações da droga com sexo, prostituição, crime e violência e por fim apresenta algumas opções de tratamento utilizadas. Foram reunidos dados importantes sobre o crack nos últimos dez anos, época que coincide com o aumento do consumo no Brasil. O segundo artigo denominado: "Drogas e mídia: uma revisão sistemática de literatura entre 2000 a 2010" abordou o álcool, a maconha e o crack, associadas à mídia. Os resultados apontaram para a mídia relacionada à prevenção e/ ou tratamento do uso e abuso de drogas, sua relação com o comportamento e o consumo de drogas e a qualidade da informação transmitida sobre estas substancias. Destaca-se o aumento do uso da internet, como forma de prevenção e tratamento do uso e abuso. Pesquisar e analisar estas drogas por meio destas revisões foi importante para entendermos as diferenças que permeiam a abordagem destas substancias nas bases acessadas. Associa-las a mídia contribuiu para verificarmos de que forma estas tecnologias podem ser utilizadas em benefício da prevenção e tratamento dos transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias.
This study selected systematically articles from the literature on drugs and analyzed in their approach, seeking perspectives, contributions and limitations on the subject. There were two separate systematic reviews. One of the crack between 2000-2010, on the basis Lilacs, Scielo and Medline in order to analyze aspects related to the use and abuse of this substance, which resulted in 126 articles. The second review on drugs and media was carried out with material published between 2000-2010 in the databases Lilacs, Medline, and Scielo PsycInfo. This search resulted in 106 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria previously determined. The results are arranged in two papers one entitled "Crack's systematic review: aspects related to the use and abuse" which dealt with the drug crack in their relationship to health and disease, profiled the use and user and also showed the issue of psychological and social subjects that make use of this substance. It links the drug to sex, prostitution, crime and violence and finally presents some treatment options used. We gathered important data about the crack in the last ten years, a period that coincides with the increase of consumption in Brazil. The second article entitled Drugs and the media: the literature's systematic review from 2000 to 2010" touched alcohol, marijuana and crack, associated with the media. The results pointed to the media related to the prevention and / or treatment of drug use and abuse, its relation to behavior and drug use and better information on these substances. Of note is the increasing use of internet as a means of prevention and treatment of the use and abuse. Search and analyze these drugs through these reviews was important to understand the differences that permeate the discussion of these substances on the basis accessed. Associates them to the media helped to verify how these technologies can be used to benefit the prevention and treatment of disorders related to substance use.

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39

Mattioli, Carla Elisa. "Prevención del consumo de drogas en el ámbito educativo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 2012. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/6153.

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¿Somos consientes de la complejización de la problemática del consumo de drogas en la sociedad de hoy? ¿La sociedad Argentina ha advertido las consecuencias sociales que esta problemática demanda? El consumo de drogas en la sociedad dejo de ser una problemática de índole privada, para convertirse en una problemática social y pública de salud, que involucra cada vez a más sectores de la sociedad. En la actualidad, la complejización de la problemática del consumo de drogas, en la sociedad Argentina, muestra una realidad que ha sobrepasado los limites de control del Estado sobre ésta, llevando a un estado de emergencia a grupos cada ves mas vasto de la población, que lidian cotidianamente con las adicciones a drogas psicoactivas y muchas beses terminan en situación de estado de calle, sin dejar de lado la relación que se genera con una red de violencia social que esta provocado daños irreversibles.
Fil: Mattioli, Carla Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.

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Prestes, Túlio Kércio Arruda. "A história do Homo psicoativus: uma análise arqueogenealógica da redução de danos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/24873.

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PRESTES, Túlio Kércio Arruda. A história do Homo psicoativus: uma análise arqueogenealógica da redução de danos. 2017. 121f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2017.
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This research aims to investigate archeogeneously the formation of the discursive and practical field of Harm Reduction, analyzing the set of assumptions, assertions and naturalizations in which this is supported to act on (self) government practices regarding drugs, as well as the modes of subjectivation which are prompted by that self-government. This research used a mapping of the statements that aim to justify the political and economic management of the subject-drug relationship through the Harm Reduction "paradigm", investigating how this "paradigm" operationalizes the government of the subject-drug relationship. The set of articles on Harm Reduction indexed in the Scielo platform in the last 10 years and contents related to a drug prevention program called the Family Strong Program (BRAZIL, 2015) were selected as the corpus of research. From the initial reading of texts on Harm Reduction, it was perceived that the statement about the use of drugs as a universal and human experience functioned as a sort of "preamble" of these researches. It was observed that the systematic repetition of a narrative about the history of drugs from its different uses, and of how man becomes man, also through this use, serves as justification for a series of government practices that competed for the objectification / naturalization of man and consequent production of an anthropological figure, named in this research of Homo psychoativus. The detailed investigation of this naturalization resulted in the displacement of the notion of Homo psychoativus, when it was observed that this, in addition to anthropological correlates, constituted an even more complex device that would address issues related to the governmental nature of drug use, making it possible to: 1. The construction of a narrative that naturalizes the use of drugs from the history of drugs and its different uses; 2. The disqualification of the prohibitionist policy of war on drugs as unreal and ineffective; 3. The establishment of government over "the subject" as the best way to govern possible damages associated with the use of drugs. Homo psychoativus therefore constitutes this kind of boundary surface in which the "paradigm" of Harm Reduction rests in a way to organize, in the mold of a biopower, a calculating management of life that specifically elects the "subject ", their way of living, at the same time as a discursive component of naturalization / justification and as a practical component of intervention. In this way, the Foucaultian tactical indicators present themselves as clues to the exercise of thinking and criticism, by making the automatism of the unthinking practices to which we submit more difficult. Finally, it is emphasized that problematizing the consensuses and naturalizations dealt with by Harm Reduction does not necessarily result in a total abandonment of these practices. In a different way, this work is an attempt to clarify in what kind of evidence rests the knowledge-power relations that subject us, as an exercise of rethinking the type of experience and the modes of subjectivation that are produced from these naturalizations that sentence who we are or who we should be.
Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar arqueogenealogicamente a formação do campo discursivo e prático da Redução de Danos, analisando o conjunto de pressupostos, asserções e naturalizações em que essa se apoia para agenciar práticas de (auto)governo em relação às drogas, bem como os modos de subjetivação que são incitados a partir desse autogoverno. Esta investigação recorreu a um mapeamento dos enunciados que visam justificar a gestão política e econômica da relação sujeito-droga através do “paradigma” de Redução de Danos, investigando também como esse “paradigma” operacionaliza o governo da relação sujeito-droga. Elegeu-se como corpus de pesquisa o conjunto de artigos sobre Redução de Danos indexados na plataforma Scielo nos últimos 10 anos e os conteúdos relativos a um programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas denominado de Programa Famílias Fortes (BRASIL, 2015). A partir da leitura inicial de textos sobre Redução de Danos, percebeu-se que o enunciado acerca do uso de drogas como experiência universal e humana funcionava como espécie de “preâmbulo” destas pesquisas. Observou-se que a repetição sistemática de uma narrativa sobre a história das drogas a partir de seus diferentes usos, e de como o homem se torna homem, também a partir desse uso, funciona como justificativa para uma série de práticas de governo que concorriam para a objetificação∕naturalização do homem e consequente produção de uma figura antropológica, denominada nessa pesquisa de Homo psicoativus. A investigação pormenorizada dessa naturalização resultou no deslocamento da noção de Homo psicoativus, ao observar-se que este, além de correlato antropológico, compunha um dispositivo ainda mais complexo que agencia questões relativas a governamentalidade do uso de drogas, possibilitando: 1. A construção de uma narrativa que naturaliza o uso de drogas a partir da história das drogas e seus diferentes usos; 2. A desqualificação da política proibicionista de guerra às drogas como irreal e ineficaz; 3. O estabelecimento do governo sobre “o sujeito” como a melhor forma de governar possíveis danos associados ao uso de drogas. O Homo psicoativus constitui-se, portanto, como essa espécie de superfície-limite no qual o “paradigma” da Redução de Danos se apoia de maneira a organizar, nos moldes de um biopoder, uma gestão calculista da vida que elege especificamente o “sujeito”, seu modo de viver, ao mesmo tempo como componente discursivo de naturalização∕justificação e como componente prático de intervenção. Desta forma, os indicadores-táticos foucaultianos apresentam-se como pistas para o exercício do próprio pensamento e da crítica, ao tornar mais difíceis os automatismos das práticas irrefletidas a que nos submetemos. Finalmente, ressalta-se que problematizar os consensos e naturalizações agenciados pela Redução de danos não resulta necessariamente em um total abandono dessas práticas. De maneira diferente, este trabalho configura-se como tentativa de tornar mais claras sobre que tipo de evidências repousam as relações de saber-poder que nos sujeitam, como exercício de repensar o tipo de experiência e os modos de subjetivação que são produzidos a partir dessas naturalizações que sentenciam quem somos ou o quem deveríamos ser.

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Engstrand, Marie, and Daniel Johansson. "Varför väljer medlemmar i en grupp att inte använda alkohol och droger?En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16182.

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Studiens syfte var att få kunskap och förståelse varför medlemmar i en nykter och drogfri förening valt att vara nyktra och drogfria, varför de gick med i föreningen samt vilken betydelse den har. Frågeställningarna som användes var (1) Varför medlemmar i en förening väljer att inte använda alkohol och droger samt vilka faktorer som kan ha bidragit till detta? och (2) Varför gick de med i en nykter och drogfri förening samt vilken betydelse har föreningen? För att besvara frågeställningarna gjordes sex kvalitativa intervjuer. Resultaten analyserades med hjälp av jämförelser med tidigare forskning inom området och relevanta teorier. Resultatet påvisade att anknytning och känsla av trygghet och stöttning från föräldrar hade samband med intervjupersonernas intresse för alkohol och droger. Den nyktra och drogfria föreningen hade en viktig funktion för intervjupersonerna genom att stärka den egna identiteten som nykterist samt där fanns en gemenskap som delar liknande värderingar gällande alkohol och droger.
The study aimed to gain insight and understanding why members of a clean and sober compound chosen to be clean and sober, why they joined the association and the importance it has. The questions used were (1) Why did members of an association choose not to use alcohol and drugs and which are the factors that may have contributed to this? and (2) Why did they join a clean and sober association and what is the importance of the association? To answer the questions six qualitative interviews were done. Results were analyzed with the help of comparison with previous research in the field and relevant theories. The results demonstrated that affiliation and the feeling of security and jacking from parents were related to the interviewees' interest in alcohol and drugs. The clean and sober compound had an important function of the interviewees by affirming one's identity as a teetotaler, and that there was a community that shares similar values regarding alcohol and drugs.

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Lohani, Vinod K. "Characterization of palmer drought index as a precursor for drought mitigation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39044.

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Coping with droughts involves two phases. In the first phase drought susceptibility of a region should be assessed for developing proper additional sources of supply which will be exploited during the course of a drought. The second phase focuses on the issuance of drought warnings and exercising mitigation measures during a drought . These kinds of information are extremely valuable to decision making authorities. In this dissertation three broad schemes i) time series modeling, ii) Markov chain analysis, and iii) dynamical systems approach are put forward for computing the drought parameters necessary for understanding the scope of the drought. These parameters include drought occurrence probabilities, duration of various drought severity classes which describe a region's drought susceptibility, and first times of arrival for non drought classes which signify times of relief for a drought-affected region. These schemes also predict drought based on given current conditions. In the time series analysis two classes of models; the fixed parameter and the time varying models are formulated. To overcome the bimodal behavior of the Pallner Drought Severity Index (PDSI), primarily due to the backtracking scheme to reset the temporary index values as the PDSI values, the models are fitted to the Z index in addition to the PDSI for the forecasting of the PDSI.
Ph. D.

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43

Jackson, Patrick. "Drogue et expérience littéraire dans l'oeuvre de Henri Michaux." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26280.

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Henri Michaux first discovered mescaline in 1956. This encounter proved a lasting influence on the work of the writer who, for at least ten years, struggled to circumscribe, then tried to explain the nature of the terrible shock he had received from the mind-altering chemical. The event was so important for the poet that in due time, it brought about a veritable conversion, a total and uncompromising revision of his most fundamental relationships towards the function of language and thought, and towards the basic premises of existence in general. Signs had hinted, previously, at this sudden transfiguration of his vision. His relationships with other drugs (ether, opium) betrayed his hidden desire to go beyond the limits ordained by his tragically caustic and defiant mind. Yet mescaline alone, as a weapon, proved strong enough to overcome Michaux's chronic insubordination, and clear the prolific way that led him toward the realisation and acceptance of that obscure other whose presence he had hitherto only felt, and which had been asleep within him forever.

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Weynandt, Marie Élisabeth. "Drogue et médicament, les deux visages de la codéine." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN1A049.

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Ciudad, Roberts Andrés. "Contribution to the study of the mechanisms of action and neuropsychopharmacological effects of MDMA and new β-ketoamphetamines". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378639.

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Drugs of abuse are a matter of great concern, as their use is widespread in all stratums of society, and can entail both acute and long-term negative consequences. For this reason, our research group is devoted to investigating the mechanisms underlying the action of amphetamine derivatives, as this is a family of drugs that is widely used, especially among adolescents and young adults. The present doctoral thesis is divided into two blocks, each of which focuses on a separate research line, based on different antecedents and with different working hypotheses. Block 1: MDMA and its interaction with nicotinic receptors Previously, our group had described that methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a ligand for two of the main nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) subtypes, namely α4β2 and α7. Furthermore, after exposure to MDMA, receptor density has been found to be increased in PC-12 cells. Given that α4β2 and α7 nAChRs play an important role in reward, movement and memory processes, these findings warranted further research on the in-vivo implications they could entail. For this reason, we sought to study whether α4β2 nAChRs were implicated in the sensitizing and conditioning effects of MDMA. Furthermore, we determined whether α4β2 nAChR up-regulation takes place in-vivo. Through autoradiography studies, we mapped the specific brain areas in which up-regulation takes place, and postulated an underlying mechanism for this process. Finally, we determined the involvement of α4β2 nAChR up-regulation in MDMA-induced sensitization and conditioning. In summary, α4β2 nAChRs were found to be involved in the sensitizing and conditioning properties of MDMA. Furthermore, α4β2 nAChR up-regulation was confirmed in-vivo, a phenomenon that was found to have positive effects on sensitization and conditioning to MDMA. Block 2: β-Ketoamphetamines and their interaction with ethanol and other psychostimulants Recently, a new family of amphetamine derivatives, named synthetic cathinones, has broken into the illegal market, mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) being the most popular. Our research group has contributed to the characterization of the molecular mechanism of these compounds, as well as their pharmacokinetics and neurotoxic potential. These compounds are commonly used concomitantly with ethanol, which is known to enhance the effects elicited by other psychostimulants, such as MDMA and cocaine. For this reason, we sought to explore, in depth, the consequences of the simultaneous administration of each of these two cathinone derivatives (i.e. mephedrone and MDPV) in combination with ethanol, focusing on the effects on locomotor activity, drug conditioning, neuroplasticity, neurotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, given that MDPV shares mechanism of action with cocaine, we performed preliminary assays investigating the potential interrelation between these two psychostimulants. In summary, ethanol was found to enhance the psychostimulant and conditioning effects of mephedrone. In this sense, a unique role was found for D3 receptors and BDNF in the mediation of conditioning to mephedrone. Furthermore, the combination with ethanol was also shown to increase the sings of neuronal damage associated to the administration of mephedrone. An opposite effect was revealed for MDPV: ethanol co-administration caused a reduction in locomotor activity and drug conditioning. Finally, MDPV was found to cause sensitization by itself and cross-sensitization with cocaine.
Las drogas de abuso son una fuente de gran preocupación, dado que su uso se extiende a todos los estamentos sociales, y puede ocasionar graves consecuencias, tanto agudas como a largo término. La presente tesis doctoral estudia los mecanismos que median la acción de los derivados anfetamínicos, y se divide en dos bloques. Bloque 1: MDMA y su interacción con receptores nicotínicos. Previamente, nuestro grupo ha descrito que la metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA) es un ligando de los receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina (nAChRs), concretamente los α4β2 y α7. Además, se ha descrito, in vitro, que la exposición a MDMA regula al alza estos subtipos de receptores. Así pues, quisimos estudiar la implicación de dichos receptores en los efectos sensibilizadores y condicionantes de la MDMA; así mismo, determinamos si la regulación al alza ocurre también in vivo. A través de estudios de autoradiografía mapeamos las zonas específicas del cerebro susceptibles a este fenómeno. Finalmente, determinamos la implicación de los nAChRs α4β2 en la sensibilización y condicionamiento a la MDMA. Bloque 2: ß-cetoanfetaminas y su interacción con etanol y otros psicoestimulantes. Recientemente, una nueva familia de derivados anfetamínicos, llamada catinonas sintéticas, ha aparecido en el mercado ilegal. Las catinonas más populares son la mefedrona y la metilendioxipirovalerona (MDPV). Nuestro grupo de investigación ha contribuido a la caracterización de los mecanismos moleculares de estos compuestos, así como a la determinación de sus propiedades farmacocinéticas y potencial neurotóxico. Estos compuestos son usados comúnmente en conjunción con etanol, del cual se sabe que potencia los efectos psicoestimulantes de otras sustancias, tales como la MDMA y la cocaína. Por este motivo, decidimos explorar, a fondo, las consecuencias de la administración simultánea de mefedrona o MDPV y etanol, centrándonos en los efectos sobre la actividad locomotora, condicionamiento, neuroplasticidad y farmacocinética.

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Batlang, Utlwang. "Identification of Drought-Responsive Genes and Validation for Drought Resistance in Rice." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26020.

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Drought stress was studied in rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays) to identify drought-responsive genes and associated biological processes. One experiment with rice examined drought responses in vegetative and reproductive tissues and identified drought-responsive genes in each tissue type. The results showed that brief periods of acute drought stress at or near anthesis reduced photosynthetic efficiency and ultimately lowered grain yield. Yield was reduced as a result both of fewer spikelets developed and of lower spikelet fertility. Affymetrix arrays were used to analyze global gene expression in the transcriptomes of rice vegetative and reproductive tissue. Comparative analysis of the expressed genes indicated that the vegetative and reproductive tissues responded differently to drought stress. An experiment was conducted with maize, using GS-FLX pyrosequencing to identify differentially expressed genes in vegetative and reproductive tissues; and these results were compared with those from the just-described rice transcriptome. Some of the drought-responsive genes in the maize reproductive tissue were validated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The differentially expressed genes common to both maize and rice were further analyzed by gene ontology analysis to reveal core biological processes involved in drought responses. In both species, drought caused a transition from protein synthesis to degradation, and photosynthesis was one of the most severely affected metabolic pathways. In a validating experiment, a drought-responsive transcription factor found in rice and dubbed HIGHER YIELD RICE (HYR) was constitutively expressed in rice, and the transgenic HYR plants were studied. Under well-watered conditions, the HYR plants developed higher rates of photosynthesis, greater levels of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), more biomass, and higher yield. They also exhibited a drought-resistant phenotype, with higher water use efficiency, photosynthesis, and relative leaf water content under drought stress. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the potential value of newer technologies for identifying genes that might impart drought resistance and for using such genes to make crops more productive either in the presence or in the absence of drought stress
Ph. D.

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Shrestha, Alen. "ANALYZING THE PAST AND FUTURE DROUGHT SITUATIONS USING HIGH RESOLUTION DROUGHT INDEX." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2757.

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Regional assessments of droughts are limited and meticulous assessment of droughts over larger spatial scales are often not substantial. Understanding drought variability on a regional scale is crucial for enhancing resiliency and adaptive ability of water supply and distribution systems. Moreover, it can be essential for appraising the dynamics and predictability of droughts based on regional climate across various spatial and temporal scales. The drought analysis of the past was carried out with the development of a high-resolution dataset (1km×1km) for three drought-prone regions of India between 1950 and 2016. In the study the monthly values of self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), incorporating Penman–Monteith (PM) approximation, which is physically based on potential evapotranspiration. Climate data were statistically downscaled using the delta downscaling method and was formulated to form a timeline for characterizing major drought events that occurred in the past. The downscaled climate data were validated with the station observations. Major severe drought events that occurred between 1950 and 2016 were identified and studied with greater emphasis to the drought situation in smaller spatial extent such as districts, villages or localities. A timeline of drought events within the period of study was also prepared to have an understanding of the severity of drought in all three regions.Likewise, the future drought durations are projected for droughts of different levels of severity and assessed in the same regions of India. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulated precipitation and climate data were used for near‐future (2015–2044) for different shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). scPDSI, was used again based on its fairness in identifying drought conditions which accounts for the temperature as well. Gridded rainfall and temperature data of spatial resolution of 1km were used to bias correct the multi-model ensemble (MME) mean of 7 Global Climatic Models (GCMs) from CMIP6 project. Equidistant quantile-based mapping was adopted to remove the bias in the rainfall and temperature data and were corrected at the monthly scale. The downscaled climate data exhibited good statistical agreement with station data with correlation coefficient (R) ranging from 0.83 to 0.93 for both precipitation and temperature. Drought analysis indicated several major incidences over the analysis time period considered in this work, which truly adheres to the droughts recorded in qualitative reports of meteorological institutions in those regions. The drought study of the past helped to understand the situation in local levels and understand the necessities that can be opted for the future by proper management of water resources. While the outcome of the future prediction of drought duration suggests multiple severe to extreme drought events in all three study areas of appreciable durations mostly during the mid-2030s under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. The severe drought durations under the SSP2-4.5 scenario were found to be ranging around 25 to 30 months in 30 years period of the near future. The high-resolution drought index proved to be key to assess the drought situation for both the past and the future in three different drought-prone regions of India.

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Yang, Wen. "Drought Analysis under Climate Change by Application of Drought Indices and Copulas." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/716.

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Drought is a recurrent extreme climate event with tremendous hazard for every specter of natural environment and human lives. Drought analysis usually involves characterizing drought severity, duration and intensity. Similar to most of the hydrological problems, such characteristic variables are usually not independent. Copula, as a model of multivariate distribution, widely used in finance, actuarial analysis, has won increasingly popularity in hydrological study. Here, the study has two major focuses: (1) fit drought characteristics from Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) or Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) to appropriate copulas, then using fitted copulas to estimate conditional drought severity distribution and joint return periods for both historical time period 1920-2009 and future time period 2020-2090. SDI is calculated based on long term observed streamflow while SRI is based on simulated future runoff. Parameters estimation of marginal distribution and copulas are provided, with goodness fit measures as well; (2) investigate the effects of climate change on the frequency and severity of droughts. In order to quantify the impact, three drought indices have been proposed for this study to characterize the drought duration, severity and intensity changes under the climate change in Upper Klamath River Basin. Since drought can be defined as different types, such as meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and social economical drought, this study chooses Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) to estimate the meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought, respectively. Climate change effects come from three sources: the inherent reason, the human activity and the GCMs uncertainties. Therefore, the results show the long term drought condition by calculating yearly drought indices, and compared in three ways: First, compare drought characteristics of future time periods with base period; second, show the uncertainties of three greenhouse gas emission scenarios; third, present the uncertainties of six General Circulation Models (GCMs).

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Costa, Jessica Hind Ribeiro. "A internação compulsória no âmbito das cracolândias: implicações bioéticas acerca da autonomia do dependente químico." Faculdade de Direito, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17240.

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A presente dissertação abre caminho para as reflexões acerca do problema relacionado aos modelos de tratamento dos dependentes químicos do crack, dedicando-se a examinar os modelos terapêuticos adotados para tratar os efeitos psicoquímicos associados à dependência química, bem como às complicações decorrentes do uso nocivo, notadamente quando este se apresenta coligado à situação de rua vivenciada nas cracolândias. O objetivo central que se propõe é a de construir um contraponto entre a autonomia individual dos dependentes químicos e a legitimação de interferências nas cracolândias a partir da situação de extrema vulnerabilidade em que vivem estes indivíduos “amontoados” nos centros urbanos. A partir das indagações e estudos relacionados ao tema à luz da bioética, a internação compulsória é examinada como alternativa de intervenção a ser considerada como importante etapa para a “cura” da dependência química, na medida em que permite que este resgate a sua capacidade de ação, tornando-se ativo na escolha das próximas etapas do tratamento posteriores a desintoxicação promovida com o internamento. O estudo realizado neste trabalho busca, ainda, analisar o tratamento jurídico atualmente conferido no âmbito da aplicação judicial da internação, bem como os motivos utilizados pelos julgadores para fundamentar a sua decisão, debruçando-se sobre argumentos que devem ser rechaçados e aqueles que são compreendidos como verdadeira preocupação com o sujeito, legitimando, em alguns casos, a intervenção. Assim, finalmente, são sugeridas algumas mudanças na aplicação da internação compulsória com o intuito de que esta medida atenda os interesses e proteja os direitos e a vida do paciente, respeitando sua autonomia e enfrentando as suas vulnerabilidades.

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Nunes, Maria Odete. "Drogues, valeurs et communautés." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20077.

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L’auteur a cherché à comprendre le processus d'intériorisation des systèmes de valeurs, les stratégies de coping face au stress et le degré d'autonomisation chez des toxicomanes séjournant dans des communautés thérapeutiques religieuses charismatiques et dans des communautés non religieuses. Cette recherche a montré l'importance des systèmes de valeurs qui, associés à l'échelle de coping et au questionnaire d'autonomie/sociabilité donne une image plus complète de cette population. Les systèmes de valeurs semblent être fortement investis par les résidants de la communauté religieuse, en cohérence avec la culture dans laquelle ces communautés s'insèrent. Au niveau du coping, la recherche a montré, chez les résidants dans la communauté religieuse une augmentation de stratégies plus fonctionnelles, alors que dans la communauté non religieuse semble exister aussi une baisse du stress, même s'il n'y a pas de changement significatif dans les constellations de stratégies utilisées. Concernant l'autonomie/sociabilité, le regard que les animateurs portent sur les résidants n'est pas très différent, même si dans le groupe religieux ils ont une attitude plus idéalisée. L'un des résultats importants de la recherche est lié au fait que tout les systèmes de valeurs mis en évidence sont positivement corrélés avec les stratégies fonctionnelles du coping (contrôle et soutien moral) et sans corrélation (ou corrélation négative) avec les stratégies dysfonctionnelles (retrait et refus). Cela démontre le caractère normatif de l'auto-évaluation. L'auteur souligne quelques pistes pour des recherches futures
The author tried to understand the process of interiorization of value systems, the strategies of stress' coping and the degree of autonomy of a group of drug's' addicts staying in charismatic religious therapeutic communities and another in not religious communities. This research showed the importance of the value systems which, associated with the scale of coping and the autonomy / sociability's inventory gives a more complete image of this population. Value systems seem to be strongly invested by the residents of the charismatic religious therapeutic communities, in coherence with the culture into which these communities fit. The research showed an increase to the residents of the charismatic religious therapeutic communities of more functional strategies of coping, while in the not religious community seems to exist also a decline of the stress, even if there's no significant change in the constellations of used strategies. Concerning the autonomy / sociability the regard which the counsellors put on the resident isn't very different in both communities, even if in the religious group there's a more idealised attitude. One of the important results of the research is connected to the fact that all the value systems put in evidence are positively correlated to the functional strategies of coping (control and social support) and without correlation (or negative correlation) with the no functional strategies (retreat and refusal). It demonstrates the normative character of the auto-evaluation. The author underlines some lines for future researches

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