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Статті в журналах з теми "Drosophila Molecular genetics":
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Yedvobnick, B., M. A. T. Muskavitch, K. A. Wharton, M. E. Halpern, E. Paul, B. G. Grimwade, and S. Artavanis-Tsakonas. "Molecular Genetics of Drosophila Neurogenesis." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 50 (January 1, 1985): 841–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.102.
Ip, Y. Tony, and Michael Levine. "Molecular genetics of Drosophila immunity." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 4, no. 5 (October 1994): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-437x(94)90133-n.
The impact of insecticide resistance is well documented. It includes the toxic effects of pesticides on the environment and the cost of the increased amounts of insecticides required to effectively control resistant insects. Resistance evolves by the selection of genes that confer tolerance to insecticides. Several resistance genes have been identified and cloned in Drosophila, including genes for mutant target molecules and genes that increase insecticide degradation. Drosophila is a useful system to understand the evolution of quantitative traits in general as well as the population genetics of insecticide resistance. Through it, we may hope to understand the relationship between discrete genetic change and continuously varying characters. In addition, molecular genetic techniques developed using Drosophila can eventually be transferred to other insects in order to help control pest populations.Key words: insecticide resistance, evolution of tolerance, selection of resistant genes, molecular genetics, Drosophila.
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Lange, B. W., C. H. Langley, and W. Stephan. "Molecular evolution of Drosophila metallothionein genes." Genetics 126, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/126.4.921.
Abstract The metallothionein genes of Drosophila melanogaster, Mtn and Mto, may play an important role in heavy metal detoxification. Several different tandem duplications of Mtn have been shown to increase cadmium and copper tolerance, as well as Mtn expression. In order to investigate the possibility of increased selection for duplications of these genes in natural populations exposed to high levels of heavy metals, we compared the frequencies of such duplications among flies collected from metal-contaminated and non-contaminated orchards in Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Georgia. Restriction enzyme analysis was used to screen 1666 wild third chromosomes for Mtn duplications and a subset (327) of these lines for Mto duplications. The frequency of pooled Mtn duplications found ranged from 0% to 20%, and was not significantly higher at the contaminated sites. No Mto duplications were identified. Estimates of sequence diversity at the Mtn locus among a subsample (92) of the duplication survey were obtained using four-cutter analysis. This analysis revealed a low level of polymorphism, consistent with both selection at the Mtn locus, and a fairly recent origin for the duplications. To further examine this hypothesis, we sequenced an Mtn allele of Drosophila simulans and measured the amount of nucleotide sequence divergence between D. simulans and its sibling species D. melanogaster. The levels of silent nucleotide polymorphism and divergence in the Mtn region were compared with those in the Adh region, using the neutrality test of R.R. Hudson, M. Kreitman and M. Aguadé.
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VAN DER LINDE, KIM, DAVID HOULE, GREG S. SPICER, and SCOTT J. STEPPAN. "A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae." Genetics Research 92, no. 1 (February 2010): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667231000008x.
SummaryThe genus Drosophila is diverse and heterogeneous and contains a large number of easy-to-rear species, so it is an attractive subject for comparative studies. The ability to perform such studies is currently compromised by the lack of a comprehensive phylogeny for Drosophila and related genera. The genus Drosophila as currently defined is known to be paraphyletic with respect to several other genera, but considerable uncertainty remains about other aspects of the phylogeny. Here, we estimate a phylogeny for 176 drosophilid (12 genera) and four non-drosophilid species, using gene sequences for up to 13 different genes per species (average: 4333 bp, five genes per species). This is the most extensive set of molecular data on drosophilids yet analysed. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian approaches. Our analysis confirms that the genus Drosophila is paraphyletic with 100% support in the Bayesian analysis and 90% bootstrap support in the ML analysis. The subgenus Sophophora, which includes Drosophila melanogaster, is the sister clade of all the other subgenera as well as of most species of six other genera. This sister clade contains two large, well-supported subclades. The first subclade contains the Hawaiian Drosophila, the genus Scaptomyza, and the virilis-repleta radiation. The second contains the immigrans-tripunctata radiation as well as the genera Hirtodrosophila (except Hirtodrosophila duncani), Mycodrosophila, Zaprionus and Liodrosophila. We argue that these results support a taxonomic revision of the genus Drosophila.
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Anderson, Jennifer A., Yun S. Song, and Charles H. Langley. "Molecular Population Genetics of Drosophila Subtelomeric DNA." Genetics 178, no. 1 (January 2008): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.083196.
The Genetics Society of America’s (GSA’s) Edward Novitski Prize recognizes a single experimental accomplishment or a body of work in which an exceptional level of creativity, and intellectual ingenuity, has been used to design and execute scientific experiments to solve a difficult problem in genetics. The 2020 recipient is Welcome W. Bender of Harvard Medical School, recognizing his creativity and ingenuity in revealing the molecular nature and regulation of the bithorax gene complex.
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Curtis, D., S. H. Clark, A. Chovnick, and W. Bender. "Molecular analysis of recombination events in Drosophila." Genetics 122, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.3.653.
Abstract The locations of crossover junctions and gene conversion tracts, isolated in the rosy gene of Drosophila melanogaster, were determined using DNA sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Frequent DNA sequence polymorphisms between the parental genes served as unselected genetic markers. All conversion tracts were continuous, and half of the reciprocal crossover events had conversion tracts at the crossover junction. These experiments have also identified the sequence polymorphisms responsible for altered gene expression in two naturally occurring rosy variants.
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Clark, Andrew G., and Lei Wang. "Molecular Population Genetics of Drosophila Immune System Genes." Genetics 147, no. 2 (October 1, 1997): 713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.2.713.
A striking aspect of many vertebrate immune system genes is the exceptionally high level of polymorphism they harbor. A convincing case can be made that this polymorphism is driven by the diversity of pathogens that face selective pressures to evade attack by the host immune system. Different organisms accomplish a defense against diverse pathogens through mechanisms that differ widely in their requirements for specific recognition. It has recently been shown that innate defense mechanisms, which use proteins with broad-spectrum bactericidal properties, are common to both primitive and advanced organisms. In this study we characterize DNA sequence variation in six pathogen defense genes of Drosophila melanogaster and D. mauritiana, including Andropin; cecropin genes CecA1, CecA2, CecB, and CecC; and Diptericin. The necessity for protection against diverse pathogens, which themselves may evolve resistance to insect defenses, motivates a population-level analysis. Estimates of variation levels show that the genes are not exceptionally polymorphic, but Andropin and Diptericin have patterns of variation that differ significantly from neutrality. Patterns of interpopulation and interspecific differentiation also reveal differences among the genes in evolutionary forces.
Дисертації з теми "Drosophila Molecular genetics":
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Johnstone, Oona. "Characterization of the Vasa-eIF5B interaction during Drosophila development." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84265.
Translational control is an important means of regulating gene expression. Development of the Drosophila germ line relies on translational regulation to differentially express maternal mRNAs, allowing it to develop distinctly from the soma. One of the critical factors required for germ cell development and function is the conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase Vasa (Vas). The research presented in this thesis examines the role of Vas in translational regulation during Drosophila germ line development. A two-hybrid screen conducted with Vas identified a translation initiation factor eIF5B (dIF2), as a direct interactor. Mutations were created in eIF5B and were found to enhance the vas mutant phenotypes of reduced germ cell numbers, and posterior segmentation defects, suggesting a functional interaction between these factors in vivo. In order to further understand the biological significance of the Vas-eIF5B interaction, the region of Vas required for eIF5B-binding was mapped and then specifically disrupted. Reduction of Vas-eIF5B binding using a transgenic approach, virtually eliminated germ cell formation, while having only a moderate effect on the somatic requirement of Vas in posterior segmentation. In addition, Vas-eIF5B interaction was found to be required for the establishment of polarity within the egg during oogenesis, likely through direct regulation of gurken (grk) mRNA. We concluded that through interaction with eIF5B, Vas plays a critical role in translational regulation in the germ line. In addition, another Drosophila DEAD-box protein, highly similar to Vas, called Belle (Bel) was characterized. Mutations in bel were found to also affect the germ line, leading to both female and male sterility. Like Vas, Bel is implicated in translation initiation, however bel is an essential gene, with a requirement for growth, whose function is not restricted to the germ line. Our data suggest that Bel may be a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein,
DRMT4 (Drosophila Arginine MethylTransferase 4) is an arginine methyltransferase in Drosophila (Boulanger et al. 2004). It shows the highest identities with mammalian PRMT4/CARM1 (Protein Arginine MethylTransferase 4) (59% identity, 75% similarity). HPLC analysis demonstrated that DRMT4 belongs to the type I class of methyltransferases (Boulanger et al. 2004), meaning that DRMT4 catalyzes asymmetrical dimethylarginine formation. A polyclonal antibody against DRMT4 was generated and used to study DRMT4 expression using western blots and immunostainings. In order to study DRMT4 function in Drosophila using genetic methods, we created three kinds of DRMT4 transgenes: a genomic DRMT4 under its own control, a genomic DRMT4-GFP fusion gene and a cDNA DRMT4 under UAS control. We investigated DRMT4 localization in wild type flies using the DRMT4-GFP transgenic line and immunostaining.
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Tauber, Merav. "Molecular genetics of aggressive behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10224.
Aggression is a key component of the normal repertoire of behaviours in a broad range of animals from insects to mammals. Although the genetic basis for aggression is widely accepted, only a few individual candidate genes have been studied. Recent studies have indicated that Drosophila melanogaster can serve as a powerful model system to study the genetics of aggression. The aim of this project was to identify genes associated with aggression by global profiling of the fly transcriptome using DNA expression microarrays. At the core of this study was a behavioural screen in which the aggression of 910 pairs of males was observed and scored. Microarray analysis revealed 350 genes that were differentially expressed between aggressive and nonaggressive flies. Several biological functions such as translation activity, immune response, ion transport, and sensory transduction were significantly over-represented. Analysis of the upstream region of these genes also suggested several shared motifs that might serve as transcription factor binding sites that drive the co-expression of these genes. One of the top differentially expressed genes was Dat, (dopamine-Nacetyltransferase), which was upregulated in aggressive flies. Dat has two isoforms generated by alternative splicing, DatA and DatB. QPCR analysis revealed that only DatB is upregulated in aggressive flies. In Datlo mutants that express only DatB, aggression is also increased, an effect that can be reverted by over-expressing the DatA transgene. Additional experiments over-expressing DatB indicate that the two isoforms effectively act in opposite ways to regulate aggression, suggesting that a balance between them is necessary for adaptive levels of aggression. Another candidate gene was CG6480, whose levels were reduced in aggressive flies. The function of this gene is unknown, but it does share a conserved motif called Fascin with its mammalian ortholog frg1. Silencing this gene by dsRNAi resulted in flies that show elevated levels of aggression.
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Sun, Qi Zinn Kai George. "Molecular genetics of axon guidance in Drosophila melanogaster /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2000. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03242005-130557.
Freeman, Sally Jean. "Molecular analysis of the Drosophila gene, Polyhomeotic." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27924.
Polyhomeotic (ph) is a developmentally important gene in Drosophila melanogaster which has been genetically characterized and recently cloned. ph is genetically and molecularly complex and has a strong maternal effect. Analysis of null or amorphic alleles reveal phenotypic effects that include embryonic lethality, cell death of the ventral epithelium, homeotic transformations, and alteration in the pattern of axon pathways. Two independent point mutations are required to produce a ph null allele. I have shown that the ph locus contains two, large, highly conserved, tandem repeats that are both transcribed. I have identified transcripts that are altered in ph mutants and that are developmentally regulated. Fourteen cDNA's have been isolated, and mapped. Northern and Southern blot analysis, and comparisons between cDNA and genomic restriction maps shows that the cDNAs represent at least 4 different transcripts that include distinct products of both repeats as well as non-repeated sequence. Both the genetic behavior and molecular organization of the ph locus are unique in Drosophila. Science, Faculty of Zoology, Department of Graduate
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Stevens, Naomi Rosalie. "The molecular regulation of centriole duplication in Drosophila." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611818.
Loh, Samantha Hui Yong. "Molecular and genetic characterisation of Drosophila Sox50E and Sox100B." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251700.
Ditch, Lynn Marie. "Molecular genetics of mutations altering sexual behavior in Drosophila /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3071049.
Howard, K. R. "Molecular genetics of the hairy locus of Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38040.
Harley, Alyssa Skye. "Analysis of a nuclear role for 'pebble', a gene required for cytokinesis in Drosophila." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh284.pdf.
"May 2002" Bibliography: leaves 157-176. Through the use of a variety of biochemical and genetic techniques, the importance of the nuclear localisation of PBL was examined, as well as the function of its RadECl and BRCT domains. The RadECl/BRCT domains were found to be required in the cytoplasm for cytokinesis, extending the range of function attributed to these domains. PBL was also shown to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, providing an explanation for the observed ability of nuclear PBL to influence cytoplasmic structure.
Singh, Amit, and Madhuri Kango-Singh, eds. Molecular Genetics of Axial Patterning, Growth and Disease in Drosophila Eye. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42246-2.
Singh, Amit, and Madhuri Kango-Singh, eds. Molecular Genetics of Axial Patterning, Growth and Disease in the Drosophila Eye. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8232-1.
Частини книг з теми "Drosophila Molecular genetics":
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Graf, Ulrich, Nancy van Schaik, and Friedrich E. Würgler. "Molecular Biology." In Drosophila Genetics, 189–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76805-7_8.
Carlson, John. "Molecular Genetics of Drosophila Olfaction." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 179 - The Molecular Basis of Smell and Taste Transduction, 150–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514511.ch10.
Aquadro, Charles F. "Molecular Population Genetics of Drosophila." In Springer Series in Experimental Entomology, 222–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9217-0_6.
Barker, J. S. F., William T. Starmer, and Ross J. MacIntyre. "Molecular Evolution: Introduction." In Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics of Drosophila, 333–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8768-8_22.
Atkins, Mardelle. "Drosophila Genetics: The Power of Genetic Mosaic Approaches." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 27–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8910-2_2.
Shieh, B. H., and C. S. Zuker. "Molecular Genetics of Visual Transduction in Drosophila." In Signal Transduction in Photoreceptor Cells, 308–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76482-0_22.
Russell, Robyn J., Mira M. Dumancic, Geoffrey G. Foster, Gaye L. Weller, Marion J. Healy, and John G. Oakeshott. "Insecticide Resistance as a Model System for Studying Molecular Evolution." In Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics of Drosophila, 293–314. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8768-8_20.
Richmond, Rollin C., Karen M. Nielsen, James P. Brady, and Elizabeth M. Snella. "Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Est-6 Locus in Drosophila melanogaster." In Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics of Drosophila, 273–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8768-8_19.
East, Peter, Anne Graham, and Gillian Whitington. "Molecular Isolation and Preliminary Characterisation of a Duplicated Esterase Locus in Drosophila buzzatii." In Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics of Drosophila, 389–406. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8768-8_25.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Drosophila Molecular genetics":
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Joshi, Sagar D., and Lance A. Davidson. "Remote Control of Apical Epithelial Sheet Contraction by Laser Ablation or Nano-Perfusion: Acute Stimulus Triggers Rapid Remodeling of F-Actin Network in Apical Cortex." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204904.
Apical contraction is the major tissue movement during remodeling of epithelial sheets in development. During apical contraction, groups of cells narrow their apices to form bottle-shaped structures, driving events such as sea-urchin gastrulation [1], Drosophila ventral-furrow formation, vertebrate neurulation and wound healing [2]. Tissue-folding events such as invagination, ingression and involution involve this tissue movement in which cells actively build “rifts” and “tubes”. Epithelial cells integrate genetic information, mechanical signals, and biochemical gradients to build these structures, but how they do so is unknown [3]. Theoretical models [4] provide some mechanical explanation for these events. Here we experimentally induce apical contractions controllably for the first time in amphibian embryos. Two independent methods, namely, laser ablation of cell membranes and nano-perfusion with cell lysate induce cell contraction in tissue isolates and in whole embryos. We demonstrate a biochemical pathway that stimulates rapid actin-reorganization/ polymerization accompanied by increases in α-actinin. The F-actin remodeling correlates with increased levels of Ca++. Cell contraction begins within few seconds of laser ablation or nano-perfusion, peaks within a minute and is followed by a similar relaxation. Acute control of epithelial mechanics will allow us to better understand how molecular genetic processes drive shape change in tissues and will help future bioengineers build complex 3D epithelial organs.
Звіти організацій з теми "Drosophila Molecular genetics":
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LaJeunesse, Dennis. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophila Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428432.
LaJeunesse, Dennis. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophila Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421198.
LaJeunesse, Dennis R. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophila Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411513.
LaJeunesse, Dennis. Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Drosophia Brakeless: A Novel Modifier of Merlin Phenotypes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443662.
