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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 16 січня 2023

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1

Caesar, Julius. The Civil wars. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1990.

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2

Loxley, James. Royalism and poetry in the English Civil Wars: The drawn sword. New York, N.Y: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

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3

D, Meyerson Mark, and English Edward D, eds. Christians, Muslims, and Jews in medieval and early modern Spain: Interaction and cultural change. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999.

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4

McDowell, Nicholas. Poetry and allegiance in the English civil wars: Marvell and the cause of wit. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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5

Weinberg, Sidney R. Jewish combatants in the wars of early America: American Jewish combatants in the wars of early America : all were military casualties--killed, wounded, taken prisoner, or seriously ill in line of duty, during the early days of the American Republic, 1776-1865. [Philadelphia]: Xlibris Corp., 2000.

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6

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Militant Islam, oil, and fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

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7

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Militant Islam, oil and fundamentalism in Central Asia. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.

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8

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Militant Islam, oil, and fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2001.

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9

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Militant Islam, oil, and fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

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10

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Militant Islam, oil, and fundamentalism in Central Asia. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2002.

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11

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Zong jiao ji duan zhu yi zai Afuhan ji qi zhou bian di qu = Taliban. 8th ed. Chongqing Shi: Chongqing chu ban ji tuan, 2015.

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12

Rashid, Ahmed. Shen xue shi: Ouma'er yu Bin Ladeng de "quan qiu sheng zhan". 8th ed. Taibei Shi: Xin xin wen wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2001.

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13

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Afghanistans Gotteskämpfer und der neue Krieg am Hindukusch. Bonn: BPB, Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 2010.

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14

Rashid, Ahmed. Los Talibán: El Islam, el petróleo y el nuevo gran juego en Asia Central. Barcelona: Ediciones Península, 2001.

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15

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Afghanistans Gotteskrieger und der Dschihad. Munich, Germany: Droemer Knaur, 2001.

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16

Khalīfah, Dadah. al-Siyāsah al-sharʻīyah. al-Iskandarīyah: Muʼassasat Shabāb al-Jāmiʻah, 1994.

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17

Khalīfah, Dadah. al- Siyāsah al-sharʻīyah. al-Iskandarīyah: Muʾassasat Shabāb al-Jāmiʻah, 1991.

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18

Schmidt, Ethan A. Native Americans in the American Revolution: How the war divided, devastated, and transformed the early American Indian world. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, an imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014.

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19

Hamilton, Tom. Family Life and the Early Civil Wars, 1546‒1580. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800095.003.0004.

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Анотація:

L’Estoile wrote his definitive account of the reign of Henri III not in the form of an everyday diary, but as a formal history in a Tacitean style and a contribution to humanist historiography. He situated political events among all manner of curious occurrences in everyday life. In this way, his heavily revised, retrospective narrative argued that the moral decline throughout French society in the reign of Henri III caused the outbreak of the troubles of the League in 1589. This chapter argues that L’Estoile’s activity as a collector shaped his historical writing, particularly as he amassed and deployed poetic libels in his manuscripts as a means to control and condemn the scandalous literary culture of his times, characterized by unrestrained ‘French liberty in speech’.

20

Loxley, James. Royalism and Poetry in the English Civil Wars. Palgrave Macmillan, 1997.

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21

Loxley, J. Royalism and Poetry in the English Civil Wars. Palgrave Macmillan, 1997.

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22

Loxley, J. Royalism and Poetry in the English Civil Wars. Palgrave Macmillan, 1997.

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23

Williams, Philip J., and J. Mark Ruhl. Demilitarization after Central American Civil Wars. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037894.003.0010.

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This chapter considers how the armed forces declined in power throughout Latin America in the early 1990s, but the processes of demilitarization in El Salvador and Guatemala were unique. While demilitarization followed civil wars in El Salvador and Guatemala, these are the only two cases in Latin America in which the United Nations played a major role in brokering negotiated settlements to end the armed conflicts and in monitoring peace agreements that set in motion processes of demilitarization. In both countries political opposition to continued military domination, including armed insurgencies, was a constant feature from the 1960s onward. Moreover, economic elites who traditionally looked to the military to protect their business interests increasingly expressed concern about the liability of supporting a large, well-equipped military without a mission.

24

Tostado, Igor Perez. Anglo-Spanish Relations During the English Civil Wars: Assassination, War and Diplomacy in Early Modern Europe. I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited, 2017.

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25

McSheffrey, Shannon. Tavern Brawls, Civil Wars, and Remedies for Tyranny. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798149.003.0002.

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One form of sanctuary, forty-day refuge in a parish church followed by ‘abjuration of the realm’, going into exile, had been part of English law from around 1200. Around 1400 chartered sanctuary, a new form of refuge, appeared in England: felons fleeing to certain abbeys or collegiate churches were permitted to stay indefinitely, a privilege that developed out of a synthesis of those churches’ jurisdictional rights (especially sheltering of debtors) with the general concept of sanctuary. This chapter discusses the patterns in the hard data for sanctuary-seeking of all kinds (more than 1800 cases from 1400 to 1550) and the early development of chartered sanctuary. Particularly important in cementing this new privilege was England’s experience during the civil wars of the second half of the century, during which sanctuary served both literally and figuratively as a refuge from tyranny.

26

McDowell, Nicholas. Poetry and Allegiance in the English Civil Wars: Marvell and the Cause of Wit. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2008.

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27

Sidney R., M.D. Weinberg and M. D. Weinberg. Jewish Combatants in the Wars of Early America: American Jewish Combatants in the Wars of Early America : All Were Military Casualties--Killed, Wounded, Taken Prisoner, or Seriously Ill in Line of. Xlibris Corporation, 2001.

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28

Jackson, Nicholas D. Hobbes, Bramhall and the Politics of Liberty and Necessity: A Quarrel of the Civil Wars and Interregnum (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History). Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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29

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond. I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited, 2010.

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30

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond. I.B. Tauris, 2022.

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31

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: The Power of Militant Islam in Afghanistan and Beyond. Yale University Press, 2022.

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32

Taliban Islam Oil And The New Great Game In Central Asia. Yale University, 2000.

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33

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia. I. B. Tauris & Company, 2008.

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34

McCaddon, Wanda, and Mr Ahmed Rashid. Taliban: Islam, Oil, and the Great New Game in Central Asia. Blackstone Audiobooks, 2013.

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35

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban. Pan Books, 2001.

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36

Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban. Afghanistans Gotteskrieger und der Dschihad. Droemersche Verlagsanstalt Th. Knaur Nachf., GmbH & Co., 2002.

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37

May, Nadia, and Ahmed Rashid. Taliban. Blackstone Audiobooks, 2002.

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38

Rashid, Ahmed. Los Taliban: El Islam, El Petroleo Y El Nuevo Gran Juego En Asia Central. Peninsular Publishing Company, 2001.

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39

Rashid, Ahmed. L'Ombre des Taliban. Autrement, 2001.

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40

Searing, James F. God Alone is King: Islam and Emancipation in Senegal: The Wolof Kingdoms of Kajoor and Bawol, 1859-1914. Heinemann, 2001.

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41

Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (Warfare and History). Routledge, 2001.

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42

Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State (Warfare and History). Routledge, 2001.

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43

Türkmen, Gülay. Under the Banner of Islam. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197511817.001.0001.

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Анотація:

How do religious, ethnic, and national identities interact in religiously homogenous ethnic conflicts? Is it possible for religion to act as a resolution tool in such conflicts? Why? Why not? In search for answers to these questions, Under the Banner of Islam focuses on the ambivalent role Sunni Islam has played in Turkey’s Kurdish conflict—both as a conflict-resolution tool and as a tool of resistance—in the last two decades. Relying mainly on participant observation in Civil Friday Prayers and 62 interviews conducted in three different cities in Turkey (Istanbul and the majority-Kurdish Diyarbakir and Batman) between June 2012 and June 2013, it demonstrates that Sunni Islam has had a very limited impact as a conflict-resolution tool in Turkey. Blending interview data with a detailed historical institutional analysis that goes back as early as the nineteenth century, it argues that the strength of Turkish and Kurdish nationalisms, the symbiotic relationship between Turkey’s religious and political fields, religious elites’ varying conceptualizations of religious and ethnic identities, and the recent political developments in the region (particularly the establishment of an autonomous Kurdish region, Rojava, in Syria) have all contributed to this outcome. The resulting narrative is not only a record of religion, ethnicity, and nationalism in Turkey’s Kurdish conflict, but also an investigation of how ethnic and religious identities are negotiated in conflict resolution and how symbolic boundaries are drawn in ethnic conflict zones.

44

Mann, Joseph Arthur. Printed Musical Propaganda in Early Modern England. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781949979237.001.0001.

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Printed Musical Propaganda in Early Modern England exposes a relationship between music and propaganda that crossed generations and genres, revealing how consistently music, in theory and practice, was used as propaganda in a variety of printed genres that included or discussed music from the English Civil Wars through the reign of William and Mary. These bawdy broadside ballads, pamphlets paid for by Parliament, sermons advertising the Church of England’s love of music, catch-all music collections, music treatises addressed to monarchs, and masque and opera texts, when connected in a contextual mosaic, reveal a new picture of not just individual propaganda pieces, but multi-work propaganda campaigns with contributions that cross social boundaries. Musicians, Royalists, Parliamentarians, government officials, propagandists, clergymen, academics, and music printers worked together setting musical traps to catch the hearts and minds of their audiences and readers. Printed Musical Propaganda proves that the influential power of music was not merely an academic matter for the early modern English, but rather a practical benefit that many sought to exploit for their own gain.

45

Tir, Jaroslav, and Johannes Karreth. Incentivizing Peace. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699512.001.0001.

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Civil wars are one of the most pressing problems facing the world. Common approaches such as mediation, intervention, and peacekeeping have produced some results in managing ongoing civil wars, but they fall short in preventing civil wars in the first place. This book argues for considering civil wars from a developmental perspective to identify steps to assure that nascent, low-level armed conflicts do not escalate to full-scale civil wars. We show that highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs, e.g. the World Bank or IMF) are particularly well positioned to engage in civil war prevention. Such organizations have both an enduring self-interest in member-state peace and stability and potent (economic) tools to incentivize peaceful conflict resolution. The book advances the hypothesis that countries that belong to a larger number of highly structured IGOs face a significantly lower risk that emerging low-level armed conflicts on their territories will escalate to full-scale civil wars. Systematic analyses of over 260 low-level armed conflicts that have occurred around the globe since World War II provide consistent and robust support for this hypothesis. The impact of a greater number of memberships in highly structured IGOs is substantial, cutting the risk of escalation by over one-half. Case evidence from Indonesia’s East Timor conflict, Ivory Coast’s post-2010 election crisis, and from the early stages of the conflict in Syria in 2011 provide additional evidence that memberships in highly structured IGOs are indeed key to understanding why some low-level armed conflicts escalate to civil wars and others do not.

46

Feierstein, Daniel. National Security Doctrine in Latin America. Edited by Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0025.

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During the second half of the twentieth century, large sections of the population were exterminated in various parts of Latin America. Most of these events followed a similar pattern and were the result of what became known as the National Security Doctrine. The practice of systematic annihilation of political enemies in Latin America, which began as early as 1954 with the military coup in Guatemala, continued almost until the beginning of the twenty-first century, spreading throughout practically all of Latin America. This article analyses the general characteristics of these developments, their similarities and differences, and the possible connections between civil wars in the region and processes of mass extermination, taking into account that there were no real wars in many of the territories in which these practices were applied. It examines the cases of Guatemala and Argentina.

47

Pollmann, Judith. Acts of Oblivion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797555.003.0007.

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Acts and peace treaties that ended civil wars and revolutionary upheaval in early modern Europe, routinely contained clauses in which former enemies or their victors declared that all that had happened in the past would be ‘forgotten’. Since memories did demonstrably persist, many scholars have concluded that such acts of oblivion did not work. Comparing the acts of oblivion agreed after wars of religion in early modern France, the Netherlands, and England, this chapter shows how acts of oblivion could nevertheless be a viable strategy for peacekeeping. Oblivion was never an end in itself. The acts aspired to a form of closure that relegated the past to the past and enabled both societies and the people in them to reinvent themselves along new lines. In this sense they bear an interesting resemblance to the Truth and Reconciliation commissions which modern societies use as a tool for peacemaking and transitional justice.

48

Malcolm, Noel. Rebels, Believers, Survivors. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857297.001.0001.

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This book of essays covers a wide range of topics in the history of Albania and Kosovo. Many of the essays illuminate connections between the Albanian lands and external powers and interests, whether political, military, diplomatic or religious. Such topics include the Habsburg invasion of Kosovo in 1689, the manoeuvrings of Britain and France towards the Albanian lands during the Napoleonic Wars, the British interest in those lands in the late nineteenth century, and the Balkan War of 1912. On the religious side, essays examine ‘crypto-Christianity’ in Kosovo during the Ottoman period, the stories of conversion to Islam revealed by Inquisition records, the first theological treatise written in Albanian (1685), and the work of the ‘Apostolic Delegate’ who reformed the Catholic Church in early twentieth-century Albania. Some essays bring to life ordinary individuals hitherto unknown to history: women hauled before the Inquisition, for example, or the author of the first Albanian autobiography. The longest essay, on Ali Pasha, tells for the first time the full story of the role he played in the international politics of the Napoleonic Wars. Some of these studies have been printed before (several in hard-to-find publications, and one only in Albanian), but the greater part of this book appears here for the first time. This is not only a contribution to Albanian and Balkan history it also engages with many broader issues, including religious conversion, methods of enslavement within the Ottoman Empire, and the nature of modern myth-making about national identity.

49

Como, David R. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199541911.003.0001.

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The Introduction offers an overview of the historiography of the English Civil Wars and Revolution, situating the present study within several recent trends in scholarship on early modern England. The approach and methods adopted in the book are outlined. The central category used—“radical parliamentarians”—is delineated and discussed. The goals of the study are then defined. The book aims to trace and illuminate the processes whereby a society, bound by custom, monarchical institutions, the ancient constitution, and orthodox Christianity, unraveled, cascading into constitutional and religious innovation, and, ultimately, regicide and republicanism.

50

Lawrence, Bruce B. Muslim Engagement with Injustice and Violence. Edited by Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0006.

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This chapter explores the role of violence in Islam, specifically contrasting Islam in 611 with the Islam associated with terrorism on 9/11. When several tribes attempted to draw from the treaty that bound them to Muhammad, Abu Bakr opposed them in what became known as the Ridda wars. The Ottomans succeeded in invoking Islam, and also the doctrine of jihad. Islam became an explicit ideology and building block of public prestige for the newest Turkish Muslim Empire, and also became an idiom of protest against the gradual contraction of internal and external trade. The association of Osama bin Laden with al-Jazeera proves to be almost as significant as his decision to wage jihad. There are many ways to connect Bin Laden to the early generation of Islam. Bin Laden's legacy is one of deviance and damage rather than persistence and profit in the cause of Islam.