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1
Berliani, Jevi Ramadhan, Yumna Zulfa Salsabila, Rindy Fidestia Anjaini, and Heru Sasongko. "Efektivitas Larvasida Formula Granul Mengandung Ekstrak Bunga Melati (Jasminum sambac) dan Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes aegypti." JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research 6, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v6i1.30620.
Анотація:
<span>Nyamuk<strong> </strong><em>Aedes aegypti</em> merupakan vector utama pada kejadian demam berdarah (DBD). Pencegahan penularan DBD menggunakan bahan kimia disinyalir menimbulkan permasalahan sendiri diataranya adalah pencemaran lingkungan, resisten dan residu bahan kimia</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas formula granul yang mengandung ekstrak bunga melati (EBM) dan ekstrak biji papaya (EBP) terhadap mortalitas larva nyamuk <em>Aedes aegypti. </em>Ekstrak diperoleh menggunakan metode maserasi. Formula dibuat menggunakan metode granulasi basah</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span> Uji larvasida menggunakan 30 larva yang terbagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan formula. Kelompok kontrol terdiri dari kontrol negatif yaitu formula granul tanpa zat aktif dan kelompok pemberian serbuk abate sebagai kontrol positif. Kelompok formula terdiri dari formula mengandung EBM 10%, EBP 10%, formula kombinasi mengandung EBM dan EBP (5%:5%) dan (10%:10%). Nilai persen mortalitas larva diamati setelah 24 jam pemberian formula granul. Uji statistik <em>one way-ANOVA</em> dilanjutkan <em>Post-Hoc Test LSD</em> dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan antar kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula mengandung ekstrak tunggal EBP memberikan nilai persen mortalitas secara signifikan (p<0.05) dengan nilai </span><span lang="IN">60</span><span>%. Pada formula kombinasi EBM dan EBP (5%:5% dan 10%:10%)</span><span>memberikan nilai persen mortalitas sebesar</span><span>13,4% dan </span><span lang="IN">26,6</span><span>% berbeda signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p<0.05).</span>
2
Tonon, Karina Merini, Thaís Moreno Tomé, Elaine Martins Bento Mosquera, Natália Pratis Perina, and Tamara Lazarini. "The Effect of Infant Formulas With 4 or 8 g/L GOS/FOS on Growth, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Behavioral Patterns: A Prospective Cohort Study." Global Pediatric Health 8 (January 2021): 2333794X2110441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211044115.
Анотація:
There is a lack of studies investigating the clinical benefits of prebiotic-supplemented infant formula. In this study, healthy infants that started, on medical recommendation, artificial feeding with one of 2 infant formulas containing 4 g/L of GOS/FOS (9:1) (IF4 group; n = 60) or 8 g/L of GOS/FOS (9:1) (IF8 group; n = 60) were followed for 30 days to the evaluation of growth and gastrointestinal symptoms. Exclusively breastfed infants (EBF; n = 60) were followed up as a reference. Both infant formulas supported adequate weight gain, however, IF4 formula promotes growth more similar to breastfed infants. There was no additional benefit of a dose higher than 4 g/L of GOS/FOS on gastrointestinal symptoms.
3
Chen, Yi, Yu-bo Tian, and Fei-yan Sun. "KBNN Based on Coarse Mesh to Optimize the EBG Structures." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3143846.
Анотація:
The microwave devices are usually optimized by combining the precise model with global optimization algorithm. However, this method is time-consuming. In order to optimize the microwave devices rapidly, the knowledge-based neural network (KBNN) is used in this paper. Usually, the a priori knowledge of KBNN is obtained by the empirical formulas. Unfortunately, it is difficult to derive the corresponding formulas for the most electromagnetic problems, especially for complex electromagnetic problems; the formula derivation is almost impossible. We use precise mesh model of EM analysis as teaching signal and coarse mesh model as a priori knowledge to train the neural network (NN) by particle swarm optimization (PSO). The NN constructed by this method is simpler than traditional NN in structure which can replace precise model in optimization and reduce the computing time. The results of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures optimally designed by this kind of KBNN achieve increase in the bandwidth and attenuation of the stopband and small passband ripple level which shows the advantages of the proposed KBNN method.
4
Han, Yo-Han, Ji-Ye Kee, Jinbong Park, Dae-Seung Kim, Soyoung Shin, Dong-Hyun Youn, JongWook Kang, et al. "Lipin1-Mediated Repression of Adipogenesis by Rutin." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 03 (January 2016): 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500312.
Анотація:
Rutin, also called rutoside or quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin, is a glycoside between the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Although many effects of rutin have been reported in vitro and in vivo, the anti-adipogenic effects of rutin have not been fully reported. The aim of this study was to confirm how rutin regulates adipocyte related factors. In this study, rutin decreased the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes, including peroxisome proliferators, activated receptor [Formula: see text] (PPAR[Formula: see text], CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein [Formula: see text] (C/EBP[Formula: see text], fatty acid synthase, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase in 3T3-L1 cells. Rutin also repressed the expression of lipin1, which is an upstream regulator that controls PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. In addition, when 3T3-L1 was transfected with lipin1 siRNA to block lipin1 function, rutin did not affect the expressions of PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. These results suggest that rutin has an anti-adipogenic effect that acts through the suppression of lipin1, as well as PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text].
5
Vandenplas, Y. "Prebiotic supplementation of formula milk increases stool counts of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli compared with unsupplemented formula milk in full-term neonates." Evidence-Based Nursing 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.13.1.12.
6
Hamrick, Irene. "Cockroft-Gault formula vs modification diet in renal disease formula for calculating renal function in older adults." Evidence-Based Practice 16, no. 6 (June 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000540395.16478.8b.
7
Goharrizi, A. Zandi, Gh Alahyarizadeh, Z. Hassan, and H. Abu Hassan. "The influence of quaternary electron blocking layer on the performance characteristics of intracavity-contacted oxide-confined InGaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 31 (December 2015): 1550230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215502306.
Анотація:
The effect of electron blocking layer (EBL) on the performance characteristics of InGaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) was numerically investigated using an integrated system engineering technical computer aided design (ISE TCAD) simulation program. Simulation results indicated that the performance characteristics of InGaN quantum well VCSEL were improved by the ternary [Formula: see text] EBL. Better performance was also obtained when [Formula: see text] EBL was replaced by a polarization-matched [Formula: see text] EBL having the same energy bandgap. The quaternary EBL enhances the output power and differential quantum efficiency (DQE) as well as reduces the threshold current compared with the ternary EBL. Enhancement in the value of the optical intensity was also observed in the VCSEL structure with quaternary EBL. Furthermore, the effect of Al composition of AlInGaN EBL on the performance of InGaN-based VCSEL structure that uses the quaternary AlInGaN EBL was studied. In mole fraction was 0.115, Al mole fraction changed from 0.260 to 0.290 by step 0.005, and optimum performance was achieved in 0.275 Al mole fraction of AlInGaN EBL.
8
Walker, M. L. "Whey hydrolysate formula reduced crying time in infantile colic." Evidence-Based Nursing 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.4.3.76.
9
Gravemeier, Ralf. "Formular zur Erhebung der biografischen Anamnese (EBM 860)." Forum Psychotherapeutische Praxis 3, no. 3 (August 2003): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1616-1041.3.3.136.
10
Rees, Jonathan L., Rohit Kulkarni, Amar Rangan, Anju Jaggi, Peter Brownson, Michael Thomas, David Clark, et al. "Shoulder Pain Diagnosis, Treatment and Referral Guidelines for Primary, Community and Intermediate Care." Shoulder & Elbow 13, no. 1 (February 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573220984471.
Анотація:
[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] These care pathway guidelines for the shoulder have been written in collaboration with the NHS Evidence Based Interventions (EBI) programme. The EBI programme is a partnership between the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, NHS Clinical Commissioners, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, as well as NHS England and Improvement
11
Kim, Hwa-Jin, Mi-Kyoung You, Ziyun Wang, and Hyeon-A. Kim. "Red Pepper Seed Inhibits Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells during the Early Phase of Adipogenesis via the Activation of AMPK." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 46, no. 01 (January 2018): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x18500064.
Анотація:
Obesity is the main risk factor for metabolic syndromes and there has been an upsurge in demand for effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the effect of red pepper seed water extract (RPS) on the process of differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RPS treatment significantly suppressed cellular lipid accumulation and reduced the expression of adipocytes-associated proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-[Formula: see text] (PPAR-[Formula: see text]), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins [Formula: see text] (C/EBP [Formula: see text]), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), as well as fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). The inhibitory effect of RPS on differentiation was mainly through the modulation of the C/EBP [Formula: see text] and C/EBP [Formula: see text] expression at the early phase of differentiation. Moreover, at the early phase of differentiation, RPS markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Such enhancing effect of RPS was abolished in the presence of compound C. Our results suggest that activation of AMPK at early stage of adipogenesis is involved in the anti-adipogenesis effect of RPS.
12
McKenzie, Mary L., and James W. Haynes. "Are there any long-term detrimental effects from soy formula?" Evidence-Based Practice 18, no. 3 (March 2015): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000540916.49356.87.
13
Hussein, Lna S., and Eman B. H. Al-Khedairy. "Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Ebastine by Surface Solid Dispersion Technique." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 30, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol30iss1pp122-132.
Анотація:
Ebastine (EBS) is a non-sedating antihistamine with a long duration of action. This drug has predominantly hydrophobic property causing a low solubility and low bioavailability. Surface solid dispersions (SSD) is an effective technique for improving the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs by using hydrophilic water insoluble carriers.
The present study aims to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of EBS by using surface solid dispersion technique. Avicel® PH101, Avicel® PH 102, croscarmellose sodium(CCS) and sodium starch glycolate(SSG) were used as water insoluble hydrophilic carriers.
The SSD formulations of EBS were prepared by the solvent evaporation method in different drug: carrier weight ratios and evaluated for their percentage yield, drug content , water solubility, dissolution study in 0.1 N HCl, crystal lattice using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for determination the drug-carrier interaction.
Most of the prepared SSD formulas showed improvement of drug solubility. The best result was obtained with formula SSD16 (EBS:CCS 1:15) that showed high percentage yield (98.5%), high drug content (98.39%) and 8.2 fold increase in solubility compared to solubility of pure drug with improved dissolution rate. The drug was converted to amorphous form without chemical interaction with the carrier.
14
Ossman, Justin A., and James W. Haynes. "Does breastfeeding lead to higher levels of intelligence compared with formula feeding?" Evidence-Based Practice 19, no. 12 (December 2016): E3—E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000541588.94996.7d.
15
Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub, and Azza Abul-Fadl. "A review of the emerging pandemic of obesity in preschool children in Egypt: Exclusive breastfeeding is protective." Indian Journal of Child Health 8, no. 8 (September 5, 2021): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v8i8.2992.
Анотація:
Introduction: Early exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) without foods or formula milk (FM) is recommended for the first six months of life, for optimum growth and development. Aim: This study aims to review studies in Egypt on nutritional status of preschool children by type of feeding. Methods: A two staged study was done: First; research was obtained from the Egyptian university libraries consortium (www.eulc.edu) on overweight, obesity stunting, and wasting in preschool children. We filtered 18 thesis fitting the criteria of the study. Next, analysis was done to compare EBF versus FM. Results: Comparison of nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months among formula versus EBF was as follows: Overweight 5.4% versus 3.45%, obesity 13.8% versus 5.65%, stunting 21.6% versus 1.15%, and wasting 9.7% versus 0.85%, respectively. Obesity and overweight were higher in males, whereas stunting and wasting were higher in females irrespective of mode of feeding. Early and extended formula feeding, foods before 6 months of life, packed foods, canned drinks, and low activity are risk factors for obesity. Colostrum feeding, exclusive and longer duration of breastfeeding, healthy food intake, and fruits and vegetables are protective. Studies report that deficiency of micronutrients is common with obesity. Conclusions: Prolonged formula feeding and unhealthy food intake are risk factors for the emerging and growing problem of obesity. Policies and legislations are needed to encourage exclusive breastfeeding and control marketing of unhealthy foods.
16
Helda, Helda. "Kebijakan Peningkatan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 3, no. 5 (April 1, 2009): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v3i5.209.
Анотація:
Angka Kematian Bayi di Indonesia adalah 35/1000 kelahiran hidup berada di posisi keenam di negara Asean. Salah satu upaya yang efisien untuk menu-runkan angka kematian tersebut adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif yang memperlihatkan tren yang menurun, pada tahun 1997, (40,2%), 2002 (39,5%) dan 2007 (32%). Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kebijakan pemerintah memenuhi hak anak terhadap ASI. Metode yang digunakan melakukan telaah berbagai studi ten-tang kebijakan dan perundangan ASI di dunia dan di Indonesia,pada periode 2000-2007. Angka ASI eksklusif di dunia sangat bervariasi dan tidak berbanding lurus dengan kemajuan suatu negara. Jepang dan Inggris adalah contoh negara maju dengan angka ASI eksklusif yang rendah. Susu formula, sosial budaya dan wanita bekerja menjadi alasan pemakaian susu formula yang rendah. Di Indonesia, kasus balita gizi buruk pada tahun 1989, (75/10.000) dan pada tahun 2002 (70,3/ 10.000) memperlihatkan tren penurunan yang rendah. Meskipun manfaat ASI dirasakan oleh semua pihak, tetapi angka pemberian ASI masih tergolong rendah, sementara pemasaran susu formula, sosial budaya, dan wanita bekerja tidak mendukung pemberian ASI. Di Indonesia hanya ada 2 kepu-tusan menteri kesehatan (237/1997 dan 450/2004) yang mengatur pemberian ASI. Kebijakan yang ada belum mampu mengatasi angka pemberian ASI yang rendah. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan status hukum kebijakan yang ada dan mengupayakan peningkatan komitmen.Kata kunci: ASI eksklusif, kebijakan, susu formula.AbstractInfant mortality rate in Indonesia (35/1000 life birth) is one of the poorest (ranked number six) among ASEAN countries. One known efficient measure for re-ducing the infant mortality rate is exclusive breast feeding (EBF) which in fact showing a decreasing trend (40.2% in 1997, 39.5% in 2002 and 32.0% in 2007). The objective of this article is to evaluate government policy regarding the fulfillment of child’s rights to get adequate breastfeeding. The method used is by literature review of studies about breast feeding policy and regulations in the world and in Indonesia, during the period of 2000-2007. The EBF rates in the word are varied and not related to the developmental level of the country. Japan and England are examples of developed countries with low EBF rate. Formula milk, sosio-cultural, and working women are the most reasons of the low rate of EBF. In Indonesia, the cases of malnutrition among children under five years in 1989 (75/10.000) and in 2002 (70, 3/ 10.000 showed a decreasing trend. Although the benefit of the breastfeeding is known by almost all people, but the BF rate is still low. Meanwhile, formula milk marketing, sosio-cultural aspects, and the phenomenon of increasing number of working women do not support EBF. In Indonesia, there are only two ministry regulations (237/1997 and 450/2004) that regulated EBF. The existing policies are not strong enough to solve the problem of low EBF rate. It is suggested to improve the legal aspects including policy and regulations as well as improvement in government commitment to support EBF.Key words: Exclusive breast feeding, policy, formula milk.
17
Hsu, Yu-An, Yi-Hsin Kuo, Chih-Sheng Chen, Ying-Chi Chen, Chi-Chun Huang, Ching-Yao Chang, Chao-Jen Lin, et al. "Galectin-12 is Involved in Corn Silk-Induced Anti-Adipogenesis and Anti-Obesity Effects." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 46, no. 05 (January 2018): 1045–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x18500544.
Анотація:
Obesity is a significant risk factor for various diseases. It is a clinical condition caused by the excessive accumulation of fat, which has a negative impact on human health. Galactin-12 is an adipocyte-expressed protein and possesses adipocyte-inducing activity. We investigated the expression level of candidate proteins involved in galactin-12-mediated adipocyte differentiation pathway. We performed a high-throughput screening assay to monitor galectin-12 promoter activity using 105 traditional Chinese herbs. Corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol reduced the expression of galactin-12 promoter in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol decreased the level of lipid droplets and downregulated the gene and protein expression level of C/EBP[Formula: see text], C/EBP[Formula: see text], PPAR[Formula: see text], Ap2, and adipsin in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes via AKT and ERK1/2 inhibition. In vivo study with the oral administration of corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol in a mouse model showed a significant weight reduction and decrease in adipocytes in several organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. Taken together, corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol may effectively reduce pre-adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting galectin-12 activity and exerting anti-obesity effects. These findings highlight the potential use of corn silk extract and [Formula: see text]-sitosterol as potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
18
Mahto, Dipo, Tanveer Ali Khan, Ashok Kumar, and Raj Kumar Sah. "Change in Energy and Entropy of the Non-Spinning Black Holes." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 23 (November 2013): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.23.12.
Анотація:
In the present paper, we have derived an expression for change in entropy of non-spinning black holes on the basis of formula (EBH=KBHR5) as proposed by Kanak Kumari et al. (2010) and the formula δSbh=(2П/(kc2) ( Mahto et al., 2011) and calculated their values for different test non-spinning black holes.
19
Cagle, C. S. "Iron supplemented formula milk prevented iron deficiency anaemia and reduced developmental declines in infants from inner city areas." Evidence-Based Nursing 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.3.1.10.
20
Zhang, Fengxia, Haining Liu, Tianyi Jiang, Yanyan Zhu, Xiushen Ye, Yuanyuan Shao, Junsen Wu, and Yongshan Ma. "Perylene Tetracarboxylic Tetraester Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite for Enhanced Photodegradation." Nano 15, no. 08 (August 2020): 2050100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020501003.
Анотація:
The construction of organic–inorganic hybrids is one of the important ways to improve performances of photocatalysts. In this study, perylene tetracarboxylic tetra (n-butyl) ester loaded titanium dioxide (PTTE-B/TiO2) nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, DRS, XPS, Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and BET. FT-IR and XPS analyses revealed the presence of Ti[Formula: see text]O bond in the interfaces between TiO2 and PTTE-B. The photoluminescence intensity of PTTE-B/TiO2 was decreased compared to TiO2, which indicated a suppression of electron–hole recombination by the loaded PTTE-B nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of PTTE-B/TiO2 nanocomposite for degradation of EBT using visible light was higher than that of prepared TiO2 or TiO2-P25. The detection of radical scavengers confirmed that h[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were the main active substances for Eriochrome Black T (EBT, an azo dye) degradation. The Ti[Formula: see text]O bond acted as a short and fast channel for photogenerated charge carriers to migrate from PTTE-B to TiO2. Furthermore, PTTE-B/TiO2 was found to be stable and reusable.
21
Mehl, Robert A. "Does thickened formula help infants with persistent vomiting or other GERD symptoms?" Evidence-Based Practice 17, no. 10 (October 2014): E5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000540805.46265.ba.
22
Šavel, Jan, Petr Košin, Adam Brož, and Jakub Vlček. "Interpolation formulas for Balling´'s alcohol factors." KVASNY PRUMYSL 66, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18832/kp2019.66.239.
Анотація:
The article deals with the interpolation of the Balling alcohol factors, given at isolated points in 1% (m/m) increments ranging from 1 to 30% in the Hrach table published in 1927. Interpolation was necessery for the calculation of real (RDF) or apparent (ADF) degree of attenuation, according to which optimal barley varieties were selected for beer production. Analytica EBC initially preferred ADF, although it also reported RDF, used by ASBC. According to ASBC, the Balling RDF is multiplied by a correction factor or calculated using a modified calculation formula. Both ways gave the same results and increased Balling RDF values by 1-2% m/m. Refractometry with a pocket digital refractometer set to °Bx allows beer analysis from a minimum sample volume.
23
Lama, Monika. "Working mother’s awareness and practice regarding feeding of expressed breast milk." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v6i2.27233.
Анотація:
Introductions: Expressed breast milk (EBM) is a healthy feeding option as compared to formula milk for working mothers. Awareness and practice towards EBM may be helpful towards its promotion.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Working mothers with breastfeeding child of less than 2 year were interviewed for and practice regarding EBM. A self-constructed open and close ended questionnaire in Nepali was used for data collection to analyze the association of mother’s age, types of family structure and number of children with EBM.
Results: Out of 178 working mothers, 121 (67.9%) had awareness about EBM and 22 had practiced it. Mother’s age, types of family structure and number of children were not statistically significant with level awareness. There was positive correlation between awareness and practice of EBM.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated 2/3rd of working mothers had awareness of EBM and 1/10th practiced EBM feeding, and there was positive correlation of awareness and practice.
24
van der Willik, Esmee M., Tanja G. M. Vrijkotte, Teatske M. Altenburg, Maaike G. J. Gademan, and Joana Kist-van Holthe. "Exclusively breastfed overweight infants are at the same risk of childhood overweight as formula fed overweight infants." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 10 (June 4, 2015): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308386.
Анотація:
Background and objectiveSeveral early life determinants play a role in childhood obesity. Rapid weight gain and overweight in infancy increases the risk while breast feeding seems to protect against childhood overweight. However, should we worry about exclusively breastfed overweight infants? The aim of the study is to examine the association of feeding type (exclusive breast feeding (EBF), formula feeding or mixed feeding) and overweight at the age of 6 months with the risk of overweight at the age of 5–6 years.MethodsThe Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study is a large prospective population-based birth cohort study conducted in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Children with complete information pertaining to feeding type and weight status at the age of 6 months and 5–6 years were included (N=3367). EBF was defined as receiving only breast feeding for at least 3 months. Overweight at the ages of 6 months and 5–6 years were defined by the WHO child growth standards and the International Obesity Task Force guidelines, respectively. The association of feeding type and overweight at 6 months with overweight at 5–6 years was assessed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsOverweight infants have a 4.10-fold (95% CI 2.91 to 5.78) higher odds of childhood overweight compared with those who were not overweight, independent of feeding type. EBF did not affect the association between infant overweight and childhood overweight.ConclusionsOverweight in infancy increases the odds of childhood overweight, equally for exclusively breastfed and formula fed infants. Overweight prevention should start before or at birth and applies to formula fed children as well as exclusively breastfed children.
25
UÇAR, Dilara Ebru, Günay YILDIZER, and İlker YILMAZ. "Validity and Reliability of Leisure Time Physical Activity Constrains Scale-Disabled Individuals Form (LTPAC-DIF)." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences 12, no. 3 (2020): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-74222.
26
Hill, P. D. "Review: hydrolysed milk formula with dietary and environmental restrictions reduces asthma and wheeze in infants with a familial history of atopy." Evidence-Based Nursing 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.6.2.43.
27
Bai, Yeon, Shahla M. Wunderlich, and Rickie Kashdan. "Alternative Hospital Gift Bags and Breastfeeding Exclusivity." ISRN Nutrition 2013 (June 27, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/560810.
Анотація:
The type of gift bags given to new mothers at the time of discharge from the hospital can influence their confidence in breastfeeding. Most hospitals in the US continue to distribute commercial gift bags containing formula samples despite the reported negative influence of commercial bags on the duration of breastfeeding. This study compared breastfeeding outcomes in women receiving three different kinds of gift bags at discharge. A prospective intervention study was conducted during 2009-2010 in New Jersey. Three breastfeeding cohorts were recruited and assigned to three groups: COMMERCIAL received discharge bags containing formula samples, BF-INFO received breastfeeding information and supplies, and PUMP received breastfeeding information/supplies plus a manual breast pump. Follow-up contacts were at 2, 4, and 12 postpartum weeks to determine breastfeeding outcome. The mean durations of exclusive (EBF) and partial breastfeeding were compared between groups using ANOVA. A total of 386 participants completed the study. The mean EBF duration (weeks) in the PUMP (, ) and BF-INFO (, ) were significantly longer () than COMMERCIAL (, ). The rate of EBF through 12 weeks in PUMP was most consistent. The mean duration of partial breastfeeding showed similar results: significantly longer in PUMP and BF-INFO than COMMERCIAL ().
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Białek, Jacek. "Proposition of a hybrid price index formula for the Consumer Price Index measurement." Equilibrium 15, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 697–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.030.
Анотація:
Research background: The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a basic, commonly accepted and used measure of inflation. The index is a proxy for changes in the costs of household consumption and it assumes constant consumer utility. In practice, most statistical agencies use the Laspeyres price index to measure the CPI. The Laspeyres index does not take into account movements in the structure of consumption which may be consumers' response to price changes during a given time interval. As a consequence, the Laspeyres index can suffer from commodity substitution bias. The Fisher index is perceived as the best proxy for the COLI but it needs data on consumption from both the base and research period. As a consequence, there is a practical need to look for a proxy of the Fisher price index which does not use current expenditure shares as weights.
Purpose of the article: The general purpose of the article is to present a hybrid price index, the idea of which is based on the Young and Lowe indices. The particular aim of the paper is to discuss the usefulness of its special case with weights based on correlations between prices and quantities.
Methods: A theoretical background for the hybrid price index (and its geometric version) is constructed with the Lowe and Young price indices used as a starting point. In the empirical study, scanner data on milk, sugar, coffee and rice are utilized to show that the hybrid index can be a good proxy for the Fisher index, although it does not use the expenditures from the research period.
Findings & Value added: The empirical and theoretical considerations con-firm the hybrid nature of the proposed index, i.e. in a special case it forms the convex combination of the Young and Lowe indices. This study points out the usefulness of the proposed price index in the CPI measurement, especially when the target index is the Fisher formula. The proposed general hybrid price index formula is a new one in the price index theory. The proposed system of weights, which is based on the correlations between prices and quantities, is a novel idea in the price index methodology.
29
Sakhaee, Farhad. "Wave Runup for Nowshahr Breakwater at Tide and EBB Scenarios." Brilliant Engineering 2, no. 4 (July 4, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.004.003.
Анотація:
This study investigates runup design at breakwaters and design criteria under tidal and ebb scenarios for both head and truck of Nowshahr breakwater. First part includes runup height calculations based on shore protection manuals. Based of wave height, frequency, and water depth at the toe runup height has been calculated and Second portion has been dedicated to design of head and truck of Nowshahr port based on Hudson stability formula. Collision of wave and the breakwater head, results in immediate reduction in wave energy. As wave energy propagated gradually decreases when it meets the trunk. The results showed that in both conditions weight of head would be higher than the trunk of breakwater. while, both head and trunk are designed based on high strength materials, but the head has higher degree of importance in terms of design criteria. Hudson formula is responsible for the stability of breakwater structure. Tidal case which considers a non-breaking wave as well as ebb scenario including a breaking wave has been studied to include two extreme conditions occurs to breakwaters. The results showed the higher weight of head is responsible for stability of breakwater at both conditions.
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Yoo, Sae-Rom, Chang-Seob Seo, Hyeun-Kyoo Shin, and Soo-Jin Jeong. "Traditional Herbal Formula Oyaksungi-San Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/949461.
Анотація:
Background. Oyaksungi-san (OYSGS) is a herbal formula that has been used for treating cardiovascular diseases in traditional Asian medicine. Here, we investigated the antiadipogenic effect of OYSGS extract in 3T3-L1 adipose cells.Methods. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes with or without OYSGS. After differentiation, we measured Oil Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, leptin production, mRNA, and protein levels of adipogenesis-related factors.Results. OYSGS extract dramatically inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiated adipocytes. It also significantly suppressed the (GPDH) activity, triglyceride (TG) content, and leptin production by reducing the expression of adipogenesis-related genes including lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, OYSGS clearly enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as its substrate acetyl CoA (ACC) carboxylase.Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that OYSGS negatively controls TG accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We suggest antiadipogenic activity of OYSGS and its potential benefit in preventing obesity.
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Agampodi, Thilini, Neerodha Dharmasoma, Thushari Dissanayaka, Iresha Koralagedara, Janith Warnasekara, Suneth Agampodi, and Rafael Pérez-Escamilla. "Sri Lanka; The First Ever Only “Green Nation” in the World for Breastfeeding; Yet Lessons to Learn Through Exploring Maternal Perspectives." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_001.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives Sri Lanka has been awarded the first-ever ‘Green’ breastfeeding (BF) nation status by the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi) in January 2020. Our objective was to explore the maternal perceptions of unrevealed barriers for the provision of promotion, protection and support of optimal exclusive breast feeding (EBF) up to six months. Methods We used in-depth interviews with 16 mothers with infants completed six months, who had been unable to practice EBF, attending six child-welfare clinics in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Initial thematic analysis built upon force field and social learning theories were conducted to identify the barriers for optimal EBF practices during the first six months life. Results Main challenges to EBF were notably clustered at three occasions over the six months and first during the first 2–3 days after the delivery. Factors related to child birth influencing self-efficacy and confidence on establishing breastfeeding included cesarean section, pain and poor positioning due to pain, exhaustion, and perceived “inadequate milk”. Suboptimal policies on ward environment and practice of health staff that could lead to maternal worry and maternal stress related to demand for EBF were also identified as key barriers. Despite the early challenges, mothers who interrupted EBF within the first few days, desired to go back to EBF and was able to do so. The second occasion of cessation of EBF occurred around 2–3 weeks postpartum by introducing water or infant formula. These mothers lacked family support for BF leading to physical and mental exhaustion. Additionally, the mother's perception that “healthy infants should be chubby” also led to introduction of infant formula. On-demand feeding was reported to be a challenge due to misconceptions such as feeding according to a time table. Working mother reported ending EBF between 4 and 5 months, and they lacked self-efficacy, resulting from the lack of enabling environments and social support to express and continue only breast milk. Conclusions Although Sri Lanka has attained the “green” breastfeeding top status, interventions are needed to better the support the BF needs of mothers after cesarean section and to practice on-demand feeding and to improve the support for mothers that are employed in order to optimize EBF until completion of six months. Funding Sources No funding source.
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Weli, Sardar M. "Effects of Exclusive Breast Feeding for First Six Months of life on Children Weight, Height and Head Circumference in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq and Compare with Other Types of Feeding." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 30, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol30iss1pp76-80.
Анотація:
Breastfeeding (BF) serves as a complete nutritional source for the first six months of infant’s life. Breast milk contains all essential nutrients that necessary for the physiological growth and development of infants. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological growth of infants including weight, height and head circumference who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months and those who were given bottle-fed or mixed fed and to find a percentage of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who contributed in this study in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in Sulaimani city/ Kurdistan region of Iraq and the cases were enrolled between the first of October 2018 and first of October 2019. The infants’ weight, height and head circumstances were measured at different age levels (At age two, six, nine and fifteen months). The results of this study found that Among 198 mothers who were contributed in this study; 92 (46.5%) of mothers had EBF while 90 (45.5%) had mixed feeding and only 16 (8%) had exclusive formula feeding (EFF) in the first six months of baby’s life. Infant’s weight at age 2 months were no differences between types of feeding. However, at ages 6 and 9 were significantly high in infants who breastfed compared to formula fed but no differences were found between EBF and mixed feeding. At age 15 months weights of infants were again no differences were found between all types of feeding. For height parameter, infants who exclusively breastfed for six months were significantly higher than those of formula fed at age 2, 6, 9 and 15 months. Regarding head circumferences no significant differences between types of feeding at age 2 months were showed. Nevertheless, at age 6 and 15 months were significantly high in infants who breastfed than formula fed. The present study conclude that infants who breast fed for first six months of life have a higher weight, height and head circumferences than infants who exclusively formula fed. The percentage of EBF among Kurdish mothers were similar with other countries of Iraq but was low compared to the recommended rate of WHO.
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Ali, Bushra, Shaista Khan, Anuj Chandra, and Shakeel Ahmad. "Event-by-event fluctuations clusterization and entropy production in AA collisions at AGS and SPS energies." International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, no. 03 (March 2019): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301319500186.
Анотація:
Event-by-event (ebe) fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity values of relativistic charged particles in full phase space are studied by analyzing experimental data on [Formula: see text] collisions at 14.5A, 60A and 200A GeV/c and [Formula: see text] collisions at 200A GeV/c. The findings are compared with the prediction of A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model and those obtained from the analysis of correlation free Monte-Carlo events. Fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity distributions are noted to be in excess to that expected from the statistically independent particle emission. The observed dependence of the fluctuation strength measure parameter, [Formula: see text] on the beam energy and number of participating target nucleons indicate that nucleus–nucleus collisions cannot be treated as simple superposition of multiple nucleon–nucleon interactions. Presence of clusters or jet-like phenomena in multihadron final states are searched for on ebe basis by using the concept of Jaynes Shannon entropy. The findings indicate the presence of cluster-like objects in the experimental data with their size and frequency increasing with increasing beam energy. These observations in turn suggest that the clustering or jet-like algorithm adopted in the present study may be used as a tool for triggering different classes of events.
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Barukčić, Ilija. "Gastric Cancer and Epstein-Barr Virus Infection." Modern Health Science 1, no. 2 (August 29, 2018): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/mhs.v1n2p1.
Анотація:
Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has an important role in the oncogenesis of several malignant diseases. Reports even demonstrated the presence of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma (GC). However, the pathogenic role of EBV in GC is uncertain. The present investigation was carried out to investigate a possible causal relationship between GC and EBV.
Statistical Analysis: The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to proof the hypothesis whether gastric cancer is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non) of the presence of EBV in human gastric tissues. In other words without GC no EBV in human stomach. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypothesis, whether there is a cause effect relationship between gastric cancer and EBV. Significance was indicated by a p-value (two sided) of less than 0.05.
Results: In toto 26 ISH based studies with a sample size of N = 11860 were re-analyzed. All the studies analyzed support the null-hypothesis without GC no EBV positivity in human stomach. In other words, gastric cancer itself is a conditio sine qua non of EBV positivity in stomach tissues while the cause effect relationship between gastric cancer and EBV was highly significant.
Conclusions: Epstein-Barr virus is neither a cause, nor the cause of human gastric cancer.
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Cai, Li, Pan Yu, Yumei Zhang, Xiaoguang Yang, Wenjun Li, and Peiyu Wang. "Effect of feeding pattern on infant illness in Chinese cities." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 7 (September 2, 2015): 1252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002633.
Анотація:
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different feeding patterns on the occurrence of diseases among infants.DesignData on socio-economic status, feeding patterns before 6 months (exclusive breast-feeding (EBF); mixed feeding with breast milk and formula (MBF); exclusive formula-feeding (EFF)) and illness of infants were collected via face-to-face interviews. The proportions of infants who had ever been ill or hospitalized and their potential influence factors were investigated.SettingEight large cities in China.SubjectsInfants (n 1654) aged 0–11·9 months were recruited from hospitals.ResultsFor infants aged 0–2·9 months, the percentage who had been ill was 19·2 %, 24·1 % and 26·3 % among the EBF, MBF and EFF groups, respectively. For those aged 3–5·9 and 6–11·9 months, the corresponding percentages were 41·6 %, 45·6 % and 51·0 %, and 67·0 %, 73·4 % and 67·7 %. Respiratory disease was the most common reported illness and cause of hospitalization. The risks of having (total) illness, diarrhoea and respiratory disease increased significantly with age, but not allergic disease. Compared with EBF, MBF and EFF infants had significantly higher risks of having illnesses except for allergic disease, and feeding patterns were not related to hospitalization. Low birth weight, middle family income and low level of mother’s education also increased the risk of illness.ConclusionsA protective effect of EBF against total illness in urban Chinese infants was found. An increasing trend with age was observed among the percentages of infants who had been ill or had diarrhoea or respiratory disease, but not allergic disease.
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Biskup, Marek, Lincoln Chayes, and Roman Kotecký. "A Proof of the Gibbs–Thomson Formula in the Droplet Formation Regime." Journal of Statistical Physics 116, no. 1-4 (August 2004): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joss.0000037209.36990.eb.
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Matias, Susana, Laurel Moffat, and Kelsey MacCuish. "Promoting Breastfeeding at the Start: Hospital Practices and Breastfeeding Initiation and Exclusivity Among Low-income Women." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_079.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives To determine whether hospital breastfeeding-related practices are associated with breastfeeding initiation (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at discharge in a low-income population. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study II (ITFPS-2), a nationally representative sample of low-income mothers enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). This analysis included birth mothers who delivered at a hospital, whose infants did not spent time in the NICU, and had survey weighting data. BF and EBF (in women who initiated breastfeeding), hospital practices (rooming in, breastfeeding encouragement from staff, availability of staff who provided breastfeeding support, reception of gift pack, and among those who initiated breastfeeding, breastfeeding in the first hour and on demand, ) and sociodemographic data were collected via interview at 1 month postpartum. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for maternal age, race and ethnicity, income, breastfeeding history, and delivery type, was conducted. We further adjusted for breastfeeding intentions, assessed in a sub-sample during pregnancy. Results The weighted analytic sample included 394,022 women (n = 311,355 for EBF). Rooming in was positively associated with BF (P < 0.0001). Among those who initiated breastfeeding, doing so within the first hour was associated with EBF (P < 0.0001). Breastfeeding encouragement from staff and availability of breastfeeding support staff were strongly associated with BF (both P < 0.0001), but not with EBF (P = 0.74 and P = 0.08, respectively). Receiving a pro-formula gift pack was associated with a 40% and 50% reduction in the odds of BF and EBF, respectively (both P < 0.0001). Further adjustment for breastfeeding intentions in a sub-sample (n = 250,665 for BF, n = 202,412 for EBF) provided similar findings. Conclusions Hospital practices were associated with breastfeeding practices, regardless of breastfeeding intentions. Limiting pro-formula gifts and providing breastfeeding support at hospitals, either directly or by creating an environment that allows for breastfeeding opportunities, may improve breastfeeding rates in the WIC population. Funding Sources The WIC ITFPS-2 is a federal study conducted under the direction of Office of Policy Support in the USDA FNS.
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Tongchom, Wanabhorn, Tippawan Pongcharoen, Kunchit Judprasong, Emorn Udomkesmalee, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, and Pattanee Winichagoon. "Human Milk Intake of Thai Breastfed Infants During the First 6 Months Using the Dose-to-Mother Deuterium Dilution Method." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120943092.
Анотація:
Background: Data on infant human milk intakes in low- and middle-income countries are limited, although the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother method (DTM) is an accurate tool for its estimation. Objective: We assessed human milk intakes of Thai infants during the first 6 months comparing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), and partial breastfeeding (PartBF). Methods: One hundred and ten healthy Thai lactating mother–infant pairs were followed from birth. Human milk intakes were determined at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months using the DTM method. Daily energy and protein intakes were assessed using 3-day nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. To compare breastfeeding practices, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test assessed normally distributed data, while the Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney U test was used for not normally distributed data. Results: No difference existed in human milk intakes during the first 6 months between EBF (743-776 g/d) and PBF (748-862 g/d). Human milk intakes of PartBF infants were significantly lower compared to other infants. Human milk intake was sufficient to meet infant energy and protein requirements during the first 3 months for EBF and PBF groups. Infant formula largely replaced human milk during the first 3 months; other solid foods were also introduced among the PartBF infants. Conclusions: Human milk intakes were comparable between EBF and PBF infants during the first 6 months and provided adequate energy and protein to meet requirements. Infant formula largely replaced breast milk among PartBF infants, although other foods were also given early. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04020640.
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Mishra, Nalini, Suman Dhruw, Ishan Mishra, and Abha Daharwal. "Visual estimation of blood loss versus quantification of blood loss after vaginal birth using an innovative drape: a prospective study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205780.
Анотація:
Background: This study was done to compare the accuracy of visual estimation of blood loss (EBL) and quantitative assessment of blood loss (QBL, sum of volumetric and gravimetric assessment) against a reference standard i.e. calculated QBL (C-QBL) and also with each other after vaginal birth.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study conducted at Pt. JNM medical College Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India and involved 101 low risk women after vaginal birth. Women were allocated alternately to EBL or QBL group (volumetric component of measured blood loss was done with an innovative low cost drape prepared with a plastic apron at the point of care. Gravimetric component was measured by weight difference of the mops and pads before and after use). C-QBL was calculated for each case with a standard formula. Main outcome measure was comparing the correlation coefficient of EBL and QBL each with C-QBL.Results: The mean blood loss in 51 women of EBL group and 50 women of QBL group was 275.29 ml and 380 ml respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) of EBL with C-QBL was 0.4984 (weak correlation) compared to that of QBL with C-QBL (r=0.9093, strong positive correlation). The error of underestimation by EBL compared to QBL was 28% (mean=104.71 ml p<0.0001). The relative risk (RR) of underestimating blood loss of >500 ml by EBL method was 5 (95% CI .605-41.3).Conclusions: Visual EBL should be replaced with QBL for measurement of postpartum blood loss. Using innovative under-buttock low cost drape greatly helps in routine QBL.
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Hwang, Dae Il, Kyung-Jong Won, Do-Yoon Kim, Bokyung Kim, and Hwan Myung Lee. "Cinnamyl Alcohol, the Bioactive Component of Chestnut Flower Absolute, Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells by Downregulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 45, no. 04 (January 2017): 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x17500446.
Анотація:
The extract of chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis) flower (CCDF) has antioxidant and antimelanogenic properties, but its anti-obesity properties have not been previously examined. In this study, we tested the effect of CCDF absolute on adipocyte differentiation by using 3T3-L1 cells and determining the bioactive component of CCDF absolute in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. CCDF absolute (0.1–100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL) did not change 3T3-L1 cell viability. At 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL, the absolute significantly reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced by culture in medium containing 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine/dexamethasone/insulin (MDI). GC/MS analysis showed that CCDF absolute contains 10 compounds. Among these compounds, cinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-2-propene-1-ol) dose-dependently inhibited the increased accumulation of lipid droplets in MDI-contained medium-cultured 3T3-L1 cells at a concentration range of 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL that did not cause cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect was significant at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]) and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL ([Formula: see text] of response in MDI alone-treated state, [Formula: see text]). Moreover, the enhanced expression of obesity-related proteins (PPAR[Formula: see text], C/EBP[Formula: see text], SREBP-1c, and FAS) in MDI medium-cultivated 3T3-L1 cells was significantly attenuated by the addition of cinnamyl alcohol at 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL and 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. These findings demonstrate that cinnamyl alcohol suppresses 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by inhibiting anti-adipogenesis-related proteins, and it may be a main bioactive component of CCDF absolute, exerting antidifferentiation action in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, cinnamyl alcohol, as well as CCDF absolute, may be potential candidates for the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Guan, Yifu, Dongying Wang, Ghee T. Tan, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Manh Cuong, John M. Pezzuto, Harry H. S. Fong, Djaja Doel Soejarto, and Hongjie Zhang. "Litsea Species as Potential Antiviral Plant Sources." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 02 (January 2016): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500166.
Анотація:
Litsea verticillata Hance (Lauraceae), a Chinese medicine used to treat swelling caused by injury or by snake bites, was the first plant identified by our National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) project to exhibit anti-HIV activities. From this plant, we discovered a class of 8 novel litseane compounds, prototypic sesquiterpenes, all of which demonstrated anti-HIV activities. In subsequent studies, 26 additional compounds of different structural types were identified. During our continuing investigation of this plant species, we identified two new litseanes, litseaverticillols L and M, and a new sesquiterpene butenolide, litseasesquibutenolide. Litseaverticillols L and M were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication, with an IC[Formula: see text] value of 49.6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. To further determine the antiviral properties of this plant, several relatively abundant isolates, including a litseane compound, two eudesmane sesquiterpenes and three lignans, were evaluated against an additional 21 viral targets. Lignans 8 and 9 were shown to be active against the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), with EC[Formula: see text] values of 22.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]) and 16.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]), respectively. Since many antiviral compounds have been discovered in L. verticillata, we further prepared 38 plant extracts made from the different plant parts of 9 additional Litsea species. These extracts were evaluated for their anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities, and four of the extracts, which ranged across three different species, displayed 97–100% inhibitory effects against HIV replication without showing cytotoxicity to a panel of human cell lines at a concentration of 20[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL.
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Mallisetty, Yamini, Nandini Mukherjee, Yu Jiang, Su Chen, Susan Ewart, S. Hasan Arshad, John W. Holloway, Hongmei Zhang, and Wilfried Karmaus. "Epigenome-Wide Association of Infant Feeding and Changes in DNA Methylation from Birth to 10 Years." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010099.
Анотація:
Epigenetic factors have been suggested as mediators of early-life nutrition to future health. Prior studies focused on breastfeeding effects on DNA methylation (DNAm), ignoring other feeding modes. In this analysis of the Isle of Wight birth cohort, feeding modes were categorized as exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), exclusive formula feeding (EFF), and mixed feeding based on whether the respective feeding mode lasted for at least 3 months. In addition, in the past, infant feeding modes were assessed using DNAm at one time point in childhood, not changes of DNAm. In this paper, methylation differences (delta DNAm) were calculated by subtracting residual methylation values at birth from age 10 years (adjusting for cell types and season of blood collection at both ages). These deltas were estimated for all methylation sites where cytosine was followed by guanine (cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites). Then, we performed an epigenome-wide association study contrasting EBF, EFF, and mixed feeding with delta DNAm that represents changes in methylation from birth to 10 years. A total of 87 CpGs (EBF: 27 CpGs, EFF: 48 CpGs, mixed: 12 CpGs) were identified using separate linear regression models adjusting for confounders and multiple testing. The sum of all changes in methylation from birth to age 10 years was significantly lower in the EFF group. Correspondingly, the number of CpGs with a methylation decline was 4.7% higher reflecting 13,683 CpGs. Lower methylation related to exclusive formula feeding and its adverse potential for the child’s development needs future research to reduce adverse health effects.
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Fikawati, Sandra, and Ahmad Syafiq. "Penyebab Keberhasilan dan Kegagalan Praktik Pemberian ASI Eksklusif." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v4i3.184.
Анотація:
Target cakupan ASI eksklusif oleh Depkes RI sebesar 80% masih sulit dilaksanakan. Berbagai studi menunjukkan cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih sangat rendah. Ada berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan dan kegagalan pelaksanaan ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali berba-gai faktor predisposisi, pemungkin, dan pendorong yang berhubungan dengan keberhasilan atau kegagalan pelaksanaan ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan. Disain studi adalah studi kualitatif dengan 14 informan yaitu ibu bayi yang berusia >6-24 bulan yang dibagi berdasarkan keberhasilan pelaksanaan ASI eksklusifnya. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dilakukan triangulasi sumber data mencakup bidan puskesmas dan suami serta triangulasi analisis oleh pakar. Pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan pengalaman ibu adalah faktor predisposisi yang berpengaruh positif terhadap keberhasilan ASI eksklusif, sedangkan IMD adalah faktor pemungkin yang kuat terhadap keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Dari segi faktor pendorong, dukungan tenaga kesehatan penolong persalinan paling nyata pengaruhnya dalam keberhasilan pelaksanaan ASI eksklusif. Di sisi lain, iklan susu formula di media massa ternyata mempengaruhi keberhasilan ASI eksklusif terutama pada ibu yang berpendidikan rendah. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang pelaksanaan ASI eksklusif khususnya pada saat antenatal care dan bukannya setelah persalinan. Perlu ditegakkan aturan ketat ik-lan susu formula baik di media massa maupun kampanye terselubung melalui tenaga kesehatan penolong persalinan.Kata kunci : ASI eksklusif, pengetahuan ibu, inisiasi menyusu diniAbstractCoverage of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was targeted by Ministry of Health RI to reach 80%. The target is very difficult to achieve. Studies showed that EBF rate in Indonesia are very low. There are various factors affecting the success or failure of EBF. This study aims at digging information on predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors associated with success of EBF in Jagakarsa community health center, South Jakarta. Design of the study is qualitative with 14 informants that is mother with infant age >6-24 months and divided based on the success of EBF implementation. Data was collected through in-depth in-terview and was triangulated based on data sources including midwives and husbands as well as analysis triangulation by expert. Education, knowledge, and experience are predisposing factors that influence the success of EBF, while early breastfeeding initiation is a strong enabling factor, and support from mid-wife acts as a strong reinforcing factor. The study also found that advertisement of formulated milk was very successful in influencing mother’s success in EBF especially for those with low education. It is suggested to increase mother’s knowledge about EBF during antenatal care and not after the delivery. Legal aspect and rules should be implemented in a stricter way and to cover both mass-media advertisement and hidden campaign through health personnel. Key words : Exclusive breastfeeding, mother’s knowledge, early breastfeeding initiation
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Erlina, Nia, Endang Susantini, Wasis Wasis, Iwan Wicaksono, and Paken Pandiangan. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EVIDENCE-BASED REASONING IN INQUIRY-BASED PHYSICS TEACHING TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC REASONING." Journal of Baltic Science Education 17, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 972–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/18.17.972.
Анотація:
Evidence-Based Reasoning (EBR) is a framework of inquiry-based teaching for developing scientific reasoning. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of EBR in inquiry-based Physics teaching to improve students' scientific reasoning. Applying Slovin formula for sample determination, the research involved 139 upper-secondary school students with similar prior knowledge. This research used one group pre-test post-test design with replication. The effectiveness of teaching on improving scientific reasoning was analyzed by using Paired Sample T-test. ANOVA was used to analyze the consistency of the teaching effectiveness across in test group. The findings indicated that EBR effectively improved students' scientific reasoning in inquiry-based Physics teaching based on two main grounds. On the first, the significance was ensured by N-gain category of scientific reasoning component, which proved (a) control of variables reaching high category, (b) proportional thinking at moderate category; c) probabilistic thinking reaching moderate category, (d) hypothetical-deductive reasoning attaining low category; and (e) correlational thinking achieving low category. In addition, the level of scientific reasoning has attained the experience characterized by slightly imperfect answers. Students voiced positive response to EBR, which stated that it helped them engage in scientific reasoning in Physics learning. They also voiced the general opinion on EBR and inquiry-based learning in general. Keywords: evidence-based reasoning, inquiry teaching, physics teaching, scientific reasoning.
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Marquis, Grace S., Anna Lartey, Rafael Perez-Escamilla, Robert E. Mazur, Lucy Brakohiapa, and Katherine A. Birks. "Factors are not the same for risk of stopping exclusive breast-feeding and introducing different types of liquids and solids in HIV-affected communities in Ghana." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516001707.
Анотація:
AbstractExclusive breast-feeding (EBF) for 6 months supports optimal infant growth, health and development. This paper examined whether maternal HIV status was associated with EBF and other infant feeding practices. Pregnant women were enrolled after HIV counselling, and their babies were followed up for up to 1 year. Data on household socio-economics and demographics, maternal characteristics and infants’ daily diet were available for 482 infants and their mothers (150 HIV-positive (HIV-P), 170 HIV-negative (HIV-N) and 162 HIV-unknown (HIV-U)). Survival analyses estimated median EBF duration and time to introduction of liquids and foods; hazards ratios (HR) used data from 1–365 and 1–183 d, adjusting for covariates. Logistic regression estimated the probability of EBF for 6 months. Being HIV-P was associated with a shorter EBF duration (139 d) compared with HIV-N (163 d) and HIV-U (165 d) (P=0·004). Compared with HIV-N, being HIV-P was associated with about a 40 % higher risk of stopping EBF at any time point (HR 1·39; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·84; P=0·018) and less than half as likely to complete 6 months of EBF (adjusted OR 0·42; 95 % CI 0·22, 0·81; P=0·01). Being HIV-P tended to be or was associated with a higher risk of introducing non-milk liquids (HR 1·34; 95 % CI 0·98, 1·83; P=0·068), animal milks (HR 2·37; 95 % CI 1·32, 4·24; P=0·004) and solids (HR 1·56; 95 % CI 1·10, 2·22; P=0·011) during the first 6 months. Weight-for-age Z-score was associated with EBF and introducing formula. Different factors (ethnicity, food insecurity, HIV testing strategy) were associated with the various feeding behaviours, suggesting that diverse interventions are needed to promote optimal infant feeding.
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Pasch, Stuart, Adithya Joolukuntla, Ellen Hauck, and Lisa Rae. "797 Estimated Blood Loss in Burns: A Quality Metric That Defies Measurement?" Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.374.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction There are a handful of publications over the past 3 decades evaluating single institution blood loss during excision and grafting procedures (E/G) for thermal injuries. The average estimated blood loss (EBL) reported ranges from 0.75ml/cm2 excised to 9.2% total blood volume/1% E/G, with disparate standard deviations. EBL should be benchmarked and evaluated for improvement in quality metrics. Methods We performed a retrospective evaluation of 66 burn E/G cases. They were analyzed for blood loss at 24 and 72 hours post procedure, accounting for any intra-operative or immediate post-operative transfusions using the Mercuriali formula. Each unit of transfused blood was estimated to increase hemoglobin 1g/dL. Results Means and standard deviations for calculated EBL, taking into account transfused blood and ongoing donor site bleeding up to 72 hours is depicted in Table 1. EBL in < 20% TBSA and >20% TBSA cases were compared as well as those with and without tourniquet use. Means and standard deviations for calculated EBL, taking into account transfused blood and ongoing donor site bleeding up to 72 hours is depicted in Table 1. EBL in < 20% TBSA and >20% TBSA cases were compared as well as those with and without tourniquet use. Conclusions Benchmark quality measures for burn should include EBL. These preliminary data suggest that results could guide intraoperative transfusion decisions if enough cases are analyzed (data collection is ongoing). Evaluation of EBL may also provide insight for transfusion ratios for coagulopathy of burn. Applicability of Research to Practice Evaluation of blood loss during surgical treatment of thermal injuries is an important benchmark and its study may lead to improvements in care.
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Underwood, Mark A. "An ‘all-human’ diet decreases days of parenteral nutrition compared with formula in premature infants." Evidence Based Medicine 19, no. 4 (March 3, 2014): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/eb-2013-101712.
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LIN, YA-HUI, KAI-YU HSIAO, YU-TENG CHANG, SAMRIT KITTIPAYAK, LUNG-FA PAN, and LUNG-KWANG PAN. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVE BLOOD CONCENTRATION READINGS FROM CLINICAL DATA ON PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE DISEASES AFTER DIGOXIN INTAKE: A PROJECTION BASED ON THE INVERSE PROBLEM ALGORITHM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 08 (December 2019): 1940061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951941940061x.
Анотація:
In this study, a projection of effective blood concentration (EBC) readings of digoxin is made using the inverse problem algorithm based on clinical data for patients with heart failure diseases. Seven factors, including body surface area (BSA), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) ion readings, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were compiled with nonlinear regression fit to develop a projection function having 29 terms obtained from an inverse problem algorithm via the default function run in STATISTICA. Accordingly, data collected from the clinical 168 heart failure patients were normalized to be included in same domain range ([Formula: see text]1 to +1), and then calculated by the specific algorithm to optimize the numerical solution to evaluate EBC readings of digoxin. The evaluated first-order regression fit owned an optimal loss function ([Formula: see text]) coupled with correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] = 0.892 and variance of 89.20%. Furthermore, 45 patients having similar clinical syndromes were also adopted to verify the projection and implied with high agreement. The BUN factor dominated the projection and defined as the most significant coefficient in the analysis, and K ion, MAP, BSA, and Mg ion factors exhibited minor contributions to the projection. The repeated trials to lower number of factors from seven to a smaller number (namely 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1) for simplifying method but resulting with unaccepted outcomes, with high loss function values and low linearity. However, the algorithm held its accuracy to handle the verified data that were out of the original bounds. The proposed algorithm demonstrated a useful analysis to handle the drug administration in pharmaceutical field.
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Vlachostergios, Eleftherios. "An Emerging Credit Risk Framework." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n5p68.
Анотація:
The main result of this paper is the establishment of an analytic formula for the estimation capital requirements of an individual loan.
The derived formula, may be considered as a direct analogue to the Basel risk-weight functions for credit risk, first presented in Basel II framework, with the additional advantage of utilizing a lifetime horizon, thus being suitable for IFRS9/GAAP purposes. Essentially, it bridges the gap between Basel and IFRS9 frameworks as:
The 1-year horizon incorporated in the Basel PD is extended up to maturity, following the IFRS9 rationale;
The notion of unexpected losses, already supplied by Basel Framework, is added to the IFRS9 logic in an analytic fashion.
Going one step further, the generalization of the risk variables used in the formula, as Kumaraswamy identically distributed variables, allows for the benchmarking of the total loss of a credit portfolio, with the single knowledge of its current non-performing loans percentage.
This conclusion is successfully verified against EBA stress test results for the period 2018-2020.
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Alyousefi, Nada A. "Determinants of Successful Exclusive Breastfeeding for Saudi Mothers: Social Acceptance Is a Unique Predictor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 5172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105172.
Анотація:
Recent guidelines motivate health care professionals to promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The reported rate of EBF is low in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to explore the determinants of successful exclusive breastfeeding for Saudi mothers. A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted in family medicine clinics. The dependent variable was the actual practice of EBF. Independent variables were the mothers’ demographic information, comfortableness with breastfeeding in public, knowledge and attitudes about breastfeeding, previous experience of successful breastfeeding, and a previous feeding plan. Statistical analysis was carried out using bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Out of the 322 respondents, only 28% practiced exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. Perceived insufficient milk (p = 0.011) was associated with a lower EBF rate. Mothers’ degrees of comfort with breastfeeding in front of their relatives (p = 0.024) and in front of friends (p = 0.028) were significantly associated with their infants’ actual feeding practices for the first six months of their infants’ lives. Mothers reported that the absence of a suitable place for breastfeeding caused them to stop breastfeeding (p = 0.043) and was associated with their infant’s actual feeding practices for the first six months of their infant’s lives. An antenatal breastfeeding intention was considered a significant predictor of EBF; OR: 7.31 (95% CI: 2.24—23.84). Mothers who do not stop breastfeeding when they get sick have a 5.054 times higher chance of continuing EBF (95% CI: 1.037—24.627) than the formula-only feeding group. Thus, social acceptance is a unique predictor for their success in exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers have good intentions and a desire to breastfeed. Therefore, they must be guided through their pregnancy and postpartum period to overcome breastfeeding issues.