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Готові списки джерел за темами / Effect of chemicals on skin / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "Effect of chemicals on skin"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Zhang, Alissa, Eui-Chang Jung, Hanjiang Zhu, Ying Zou, Xiaoying Hui, and Howard Maibach. "Vehicle effects on human stratum corneum absorption and skin penetration." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 5 (July 19, 2016): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233716656119.

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This study evaluated the effects of three vehicles—ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and isopropyl myristate (IPM)—on stratum corneum (SC) absorption and diffusion of the [14C]-model compounds benzoic acid and butenafine hydrochloride to better understand the transport pathways of chemicals passing through and resident in SC. Following application of topical formulations to human dermatomed skin for 30 min, penetration flux was observed for 24 h post dosing, using an in vitro flow-through skin diffusion system. Skin absorption and penetration was compared to the chemical-SC (intact, del

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2

Dimitrov, Sabcho D., Lawrence K. Low, Grace Y. Patlewicz, Petra S. Kern, Gergana D. Dimitrova, Mike H. I. Comber, Richard D. Phillips, Jay Niemela, Paul T. Bailey, and Ovanes G. Mekenyan. "Skin Sensitization: Modeling Based on Skin Metabolism Simulation and Formation of Protein Conjugates." International Journal of Toxicology 24, no. 4 (July 2005): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810591000631.

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A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) system for estimating skin sensitization potency has been developed that incorporates skin metabolism and considers the potential of parent chemicals and/or their activated metabolites to react with skin proteins. A training set of diverse chemicals was compiled and their skin sensitization potency assigned to one of three classes. These three classes were, significant, weak, or nonsensitizing. Because skin sensitization potential depends upon the ability of chemicals to react with skin proteins either directly or after appropriate metaboli

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3

Llewelyn, Victoria K., Lee Berger, and Beverley D. Glass. "Permeability of frog skin to chemicals: effect of penetration enhancers." Heliyon 5, no. 8 (August 2019): e02127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02127.

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4

Reid, Linzi, Nancy Khammo, and Richard H. Clothier. "An Evaluation of the Effects of Photoactivation of Bithionol, Amiodarone and Chlorpromazine on Human Keratinocytes In Vitro." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 35, no. 5 (October 2007): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290703500513.

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Human skin is a continual target for chemical toxicity, due to its constant exposure to xenobiotics. The skin possesses a number of protective antioxidant systems, including glutathione and enzymic pathways, which are capable of neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS). In combination with certain chemicals, the presence of ROS might augment the levels of toxicity, due to photoactivation of the chemical or, alternatively, due to an oxidatively-stressed state in the skin which exisited prior to exposure to the chemical. Bithionol is a phototoxic anti-parasitic compound. The mechanism of its t

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5

Roure, Romain, Marion Lanctin, Virginie Nollent, and Christiane Bertin. "Methods to Assess the Protective Efficacy of Emollients against Climatic and Chemical Aggressors." Dermatology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/864734.

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Exposure to harsh environmental conditions, such as cold and dry climate and chemicals can have an abrasive effect on skin. Skin care products containing ingredients that avert these noxious effects by reinforcement of the barrier function can be tested usingin vivomodels. The objective is to use in vivo models to assess the efficacy of emollients in protecting skin against climatic and chemical insults. A first model used a stream of cooled air to mimic cold wind. A second used sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) under patch as chemical aggressor. In the model with simulated wind exposure, the untrea

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6

Bereznyak, Irina V., Leonora I. Lipkina, Nataliya E. Fedorova, Natalia G. Zavolokina, and Natalia I. Nikolayeva. "Hygienic assessment of the skin-resorptive effect of xenobiotics (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-9-980-984.

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The basis of safety for working with chemicals, including pesticides, is to minimize contact with them and prevent them from entering the body by inhalation and dermal route, sometimes in actual production conditions, the skin pathway can be more dangerous. The most studied inhalation route of harmful substances entering the body of a working person is confirmed by an extensive evidence base, the presence of regulatory and methodological documents, experimentally established and approved MPC in the air of the occupational area for 2484 substances, and 601 substances included in SanPiN 1.2.3685

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7

Park, Juyoung, Handule Lee, and Kwangsik Park. "Gastrointestinal tract and skin permeability of chemicals in consumer products using parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA)." Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 36, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): e2021021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2021021.

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Some chemicals commonly used in personal care products, household items, food vessels, cosmetics, and other consumer products are potentially harmful, and several reviews of epidemiological studies have suggested the associations between the chemical exposure from consumer products, and respiratory diseases, skin sensitization, and reproductive problems. Therefore, risk assessment is essential for management of consumer products safety. Necessarily, the estimation of human exposure is an essential step in risk assessment, and the absorption rate of those chemicals via the gastrointestinal trac

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8

Braga, Rodolpho C., Vinicius M. Alves, Eugene N. Muratov, Judy Strickland, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Alexander Trospsha, and Carolina Horta Andrade. "Pred-Skin: A Fast and Reliable Web Application to Assess Skin Sensitization Effect of Chemicals." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 57, no. 5 (May 10, 2017): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00194.

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9

Zhao, Zhuo, Ming Liu, Xiaochuan Jia, Hua Wang, Zhipeng Liu, Jie Zhang, Li Sun, and Meng Zhang. "Toxicity Effect of Carbon Nanotubes." Nano LIFE 04, no. 03 (September 2014): 1441009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984414410098.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been known as one of the most important nanomaterials and their toxicological effects in vivo have been widely concerned. According to "Globally Harmonized System of classification and Labelling of Chemicals" (GHS) classification regulation, here, we analyzed the local toxicity (skin corrosion/irritation), acute oral toxicity, aquatic acute toxicity and reproductive toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with the "Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development" (OECD) recommended chemical toxicity standard test methods. The experimental results

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10

Yemiş, Fadim. "Classification, Uses and Environmental Implications of Disinfectants." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 21, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2020.12.20.

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Disinfectants are not only cleaning reagents such as soap or detergents but are hygienic materials prepared with the composition of various chemicals. Many classification routes are possible, but they are placed in two main groups, such as organic and inorganic disinfectants. The classification prevails for high level disinfectants and depends on chemical structure. In high-level disinfectants aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and chloride type chemicals are used. In contrast, alcohols, phenols, ammonium salts, and iodine solutions are recommended for low disinfectant applications. Soap, iodide, a

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11

Rakitskiy, Valery N., E. G. Chkhvirkiya, and T. M. Epishina. "RISK ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS PRODUCT USE FOR THE POPULATION." Health Care of the Russian Federation 63, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2019-63-2-103-107.

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Introduction. The range of household chemicals is constantly increasing, as a result of which the population is exposed to new detergents that can directly affect the health of the population, constantly in contact with chemicals in everyday life. These circumstances require sanitary and Toxicological study of household chemicals and the development of preventive measures aimed at protecting public health. Purpose of research. To assess the risk of using synthetic detergent based on anionic and nonionic surface active substance (SAS). Material and methods. To determine the average lethal dose

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12

Park, Yuri, Soyeon Shin, Nutan Shukla, Kibeom Kim, and Myoung-Hwan Park. "Effects of Nanobubbles in Dermal Delivery of Drugs and Cosmetics." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 3286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193286.

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Dermal delivery, which delivers drugs and cosmetics through the skin, has attracted significant attention due to its non-invasive and simple administration compared with oral or injectable administration. However, delivery of the ingredients through the skin barrier is difficult because the primary function of the skin is to protect the human body by preventing the invasion of contaminants. Although various techniques have been developed to overcome skin barriers, chemical toxicity, complicated processes, and expensive equipment still remain as obstacles. Moreover, green chemistry, which minim

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13

Wester, Ronald C., and Howard I. Maibach. "Human Skin Binding and Absorption of Contaminants from Ground and Surface Water During Swimming and Bathing." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 5 (September 1989): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909018044.

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Contaminants exist in ground and surface water. Human skin has the capacity to bind and then absorb these contaminants into the body during swimming and bathing. Powdered human stratum corneum will bind both lipid-soluble (alachlor, polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], benzene) and water-soluble (nitroaniline) chemicals. In vitro (human skin) and in vivo (Rhesus monkey) studies show that these chemicals readily distribute into skin, and then some of the chemical is absorbed into the body. Linearity in binding and absorption exists for nitroaniline over a 10-fold concentration range. Multiple expo

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14

HARDWICK, J. B. J., A. T. TUCKER, M. WILKS, A. JOHNSTON, and N. BENJAMIN. "A novel method for the delivery of nitric oxide therapy to the skin of human subjects using a semi-permeable membrane." Clinical Science 100, no. 4 (February 26, 2001): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1000395.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of essential biological processes, including vasodilatation, anti-microbial activity and wound healing. A chemical system using sodium nitrite and ascorbic acid has been developed which generates significant amounts of NO. The originally described system was messy and impractical, and the high acidity may cause pain and further tissue damage in ulcerated skin. To overcome this, a selectively permeable, hydrophilic polyester co-polymer membrane system (Sympatex™) has been identified that can be placed between the NO-generating chemicals and the skin. The aim of t

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15

Liang, Wenxin. "Toxicity and Effect of Chemicals in Skin Care Products on Human Health." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 512 (June 18, 2020): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/512/1/012081.

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16

Malinowska, Magdalena Anna, Elżbieta Sikora, Joanna Stalińska, Jan Ogonowski, and Justyna Drukała. "The Effect of the New Lupeol Derivatives on Human Skin Cells as Potential Agents in the Treatment of Wound Healing." Biomolecules 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060774.

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Skin barrier damage can be the result of various external factors including heat, radiation, chemicals and many others. Any interruption of the skin barrier integrity causes the exposure of the organism to harmful environmental factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics characterized by high bioavailability and effectiveness in skin damage recovery. Birch bark is known as a clinically proven, traditional medicinal remedy to accelerate wound healing. Lupeol, one of the main birch bark ingredients, shows a wide range of biological activity beneficial to the skin. T

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17

Worth, Andrew P., Julia H. Fentem, Michael Balls, Philip A. Botham, Rodger D. Curren, Lesley K. Earl, David J. Esdaile, and Manfred Liebsch. "An Evaluation of the Proposed OECD Testing Strategy for Skin Corrosion." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 26, no. 5 (September 1998): 709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299802600512.

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The use of testing strategies which incorporate a range of alternative methods and which use animals only as a last resort is widely considered to provide a reliable way of predicting chemical toxicity while minimising animal testing. The widespread concern over the severity of the Draize rabbit test for assessing skin irritation and corrosion led to the proposal of a stepwise testing strategy at an OECD workshop in January 1996. Subsequently, the proposed testing strategy was adopted, with minor modifications, by the OECD Advisory Group on Harmonization of Classification and Labelling. This a

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18

HWANG, CHENG-AN, and LARRY R. BEUCHAT. "Efficacy of Selected Chemicals for Killing Pathogenic and Spoilage Microorganisms on Chicken Skin." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.1.19.

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Chicken skin inoculated with Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes was washed for 30 min with sterile water (control), 10% solutions of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), monosodiumphosphate (MSP), sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), or sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), 1% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 1% lactic acid or 0.05% NaOH, with or without the addition of 1% or 5% Tween 80. Viable populations of Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, and psychrotrophs were significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower on skin washed with 1% TSP or 1% lactic acid compared to populations on skin washed with water or 10% MS

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19

Lindley-Hatcher, Hannah, Jiarui Wang, Arturo I. Hernandez-Serrano, Joseph Hardwicke, Gabit Nurumbetov, David M. Haddleton, and Emma Pickwell-MacPherson. "Monitoring the Effect of Transdermal Drug Delivery Patches on the Skin Using Terahertz Sensing." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122052.

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Water content of the skin is an important parameter for controlling the penetration rate of chemicals through the skin barrier; therefore, for transdermal patches designed for drug delivery to be successful, the effects of the patches on the water content of the skin must be understood. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a technique which is being increasingly investigated for biomedical applications due to its high sensitivity to water content and non-ionizing nature. In this study, we used THz measurements of the skin (in vivo) to observe the effect of partially and fully occlusive skin patches

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20

Mattie, D. R., J. N. McDougal, M. R. Chase, and C. J. Hixson. "Use of lanthanum to detect changes in the permeability barrier of rat skin after dermal exposure to organic chemicals." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 870–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100128638.

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Occupational dermal exposures to organic solvents are of importance due to local effects in the skin and systemic toxicity if penetration occurs through the skin. Repeated or prolonged contact with organic solvents may cause dry skin and cutaneous irritation. Although organic solvents have been shown to penetrate the skin, little information is available concerning the effects on the barrier properties of skin after dermal exposure to solvents. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the ultra- structural changes in rat skin after exposure to 3 organic chemicals and to correlate chang

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21

Bates, Nicola. "Poisons affecting the skin." Companion Animal 25, no. 11 (December 2, 2020): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0086.

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All homes contain substances capable of causing serious injury if they come into contact with the skin. These substances include detergents, acids and alkalis found in many cleaning products, and petroleum distillates, such as white spirit and petrol. Asphalt used in road surfacing can also cause local effects, particularly if it is still hot when contact occurs. The risk of these chemicals having an effect on the skin is increased if decontamination is delayed. The method of decontamination will depend on the substance involved, but in many cases simple bathing is sufficient. Removal of oily

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22

Babu, RJ, A. Chatterjee, E. Ahaghotu, and M. Singh. "Percutaneous absorption and skin irritation upon low-level prolonged dermal exposure to nonane, dodecane and tetradecane in hairless rats." Toxicology and Industrial Health 20, no. 6-10 (July 2004): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233704th197oa.

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Even though the dermal toxicity of hydrocarbon fuels has been well established in the literature, there is little information available on the dermal penetration kinetics and irritation potential of the individual hydrocarbons. The penetration and skin retention of nonane, dodecane and tetradecane was assessed in vitro using hairless rats’ skin. The effects of unocclusive dermal exposures of these chemicals (15 mL every 2 h for 8 h a day for four days) on the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema were measured in CD hairless rats. The expression of interleukin 1a (IL-1a) and TNF-a in t

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23

Ahmed, MD Dipu, Kazi Madina Maraz, and Ruhul Amin Khan. "Prospects and Challenges of Chrome Tanning: Approach a Greener Technology in Leather Industry." Scientific Review, no. 73 (July 8, 2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.73.42.49.

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The leather industry is one of the heavy-polluting and hazardous industries that is creating toxic and harmful effects on the environment and human health by producing waste chemicals, tannery effluents, and various pollutants. Moreover, Tanning is the required stage to convert raw skin to durable and sustainable skin but most of the chemicals, salts, organic and inorganic toxic pollutants are produced. In commercial practices, Chrome tanning is the highly employed approach that uses a large number of basic chromium salts that becomes the major source of chromium pollutant in the environment.

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24

RIEDEL, CHARLOTTE TANDRUP, LONE BRØNDSTED, HANNE ROSENQUIST, SINE NYGAARD HAXGART, and BJARKE BAK CHRISTENSEN. "Chemical Decontamination of Campylobacter jejuni on Chicken Skin and Meat." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.6.1173.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of 11 chemical compounds to reduce Campylobacter jejuni on chicken skin and meat samples dipped in chemical solutions. Treatment of skin samples for 1 min using tartaric acid (2%) and caprylic acid sodium salt (5%) caused reductions of C. jejuni NCTC11168, which were not significantly different from the reduction obtained by sterile water (0.95 log). Statistically larger reductions (1.57 to 3.81 log) were caused by formic acid (2%), lactic acid (2.5%), trisodium phosphate (10%), capric acid sodium salt (5%), grapefruit seed extract (1.6%), and chlorhexidi

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25

Rusanova, Iryna, Laura Martínez-Ruiz, Javier Florido, César Rodríguez-Santana, Ana Guerra-Librero, Darío Acuña-Castroviejo, and Germaine Escames. "Protective Effects of Melatonin on the Skin: Future Perspectives." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 4948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194948.

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When exposed to hostile environments such as radiation, physical injuries, chemicals, pollution, and microorganisms, the skin requires protective chemical molecules and pathways. Melatonin, a highly conserved ancient molecule, plays a crucial role in the maintenance of skin. As human skin has functional melatonin receptors and also acts as a complete system that is capable of producing and regulating melatonin synthesis, melatonin is a promising candidate for its maintenance and protection. Below, we review the studies of new metabolic pathways involved in the protective functions of melatonin

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26

Hamadeh, Abdullah, John Troutman, and Andrea N. Edginton. "Assessment of Vehicle Volatility and Deposition Layer Thickness in Skin Penetration Models." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060807.

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Systemic disposition of dermally applied chemicals is often formulation-dependent. Rapid evaporation of the vehicle can result in crystallization of active compounds, limiting their degree of skin penetration. In addition, the choice of vehicle can affect the permeant’s degree of penetration into the stratum corneum. The aim of this study is to build a predictive, mechanistic, dermal absorption model that accounts for vehicle-specific effects on the kinetics of permeant transport into skin. An existing skin penetration model is extended to explicitly include the effect of vehicle volatility ov

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27

Im, Jueng-Eun, Hyang Yeon Kim, Jung Dae Lee, Jin-Ju Park, Kyung-Soo Kang, and Kyu-Bong Kim. "Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050641.

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Dermal absorption of chemicals is a key factor in risk assessment. This study investigated the effects of different amounts of application on dermal absorption and suggested an appropriate application dose for proper dermal absorption. Caffeine and testosterone were chosen as test compounds. An in vitro dermal absorption test was performed using a Franz diffusion cell. Different amounts (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg (or µL)/cm2) of semisolid (cream) and liquid (solution) formulations containing 1% caffeine and 0.1% testosterone were applied to rat and minipig (Micropig®) skins. After 24 h, the concent

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28

Kurokawa, Y., M. Takahashi, A. Maekawa, and Y. Hayashi. "Promoting Effect of Metal Compounds on Liver, Stomach, Kidney, Pancreas, and Skin Carcinogenesis." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 7 (December 1989): 1235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909009112.

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Systemic studies have been completed in Japan to detect those chemicals in the environment that act as promoters. Well-established two-stage models for liver, stomach, kidney, pancreas, and skin carcinogenesis were employed to detect the promoting effect of Zn Cl2, Cr Cl2, Cd Cl2, Ni Cl2, and Hg Cl2. As a result, Ni Cl2 was found to act as a promoter in renal carcinogenesis.

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29

Dennerlein, Kathrin, Thomas Jäger, Thomas Göen, Sonja Kilo, Karl Heinz Schaller, Hans Drexler, and Gintautas Korinth. "Evaluation of the effect of skin cleaning procedures on the dermal absorption of chemicals." Toxicology in Vitro 29, no. 5 (August 2015): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.001.

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30

Hirudkar, Vandana N., and Vishal Shivhare. "A Review on Ayurvedic Cosmeceuticals and their Mode of Actions." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 6 (November 15, 2022): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i6.5664.

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The uses of herbal ingredients in cosmetic industry increases day by day since these products improves natural beauty and also gives anti-aging effect. The presence of chemicals such as essential oils, alkaloids, proteins, flavonoids, vitamins and minerals, etc., contributed towards the cosmeceutical properties of herbal cosmetics. Ayurveda described uses of cosmetic for retaining health of skin, hair and tooth, etc. The Ayurveda cosmeceutical provides Vayasthapana, Varnya, Sandhaniya, Tvachya, Shothahara and Tvachagnivardhani effects thus helps to retain beauty and resist symptoms of early ag

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31

Goldsmith, Lowell A. "Skin Effects of Air Pollution." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 2 (February 1996): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670169-9.

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The skin is a target organ for pollution and also allows the penetration of exogenous agents into the body. About 700,000 new cases of skin cancer were diagnosed in 1993, and 9100 people died of cancer; 76% of the deaths were due to melanoma. Skin cancers are most closely associated with exposure to UVB (290 to 320 nm) irradiation. For every 1% decrease in ozone there is a 2% increase in UVB irradiance, and therefore a 2% increase in skin cancer is predicted. Therefore the atmospheric pollution by ozone-depleting chemicals is a major concern to dermatologists. In addition to being a target org

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32

Konstantinova, Natalia, Tatyana Eremina, and Irina Kuznetsova. "Study of fireproof properties of textile materials safe when in contact with human skin." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703013.

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The methods of surface fire retardant treatment of textile materials (TM) and the chemical basis of the fire retardants used are considered. The possibility of developing a fire retardant composition for tissues that would not adversely affect the human skin upon contact has been studied. To determine the degree of danger of contact and of the penetration of chemicals through skin in contact with the fireproof TM, special studies were conducted to study the local irritating effect and resorption of the composition according to special developed laboratory methodological instructions. As the re

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Chou, Tzu‐Chieh, Tung‐Sheng Shih, Jui‐Chen Tsai, Jyun‐De Wu, Hamm‐Min Sheu, and Ho‐Yuan Chang. "Effect of Occupational Exposure to Rayon Manufacturing Chemicals on Skin Barrier to Evaporative Water Loss." Journal of Occupational Health 46, no. 5 (September 2004): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.410.

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Morofuji, Ryo, Tomohiro Hikima, and Kakuji Tojo. "Effect of Diffusive Direction across the Skin on the Penetration Profile of Chemicals in Vitro." Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36, no. 11 (2013): 1760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b13-00331.

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Lang, E., A. Novak, P. W. Reeh, and H. O. Handwerker. "Chemosensitivity of fine afferents from rat skin in vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 887–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.63.4.887.

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1. Properties of sensory receptors with slowly conducting nerve fibers (less than 10 m/s) were studied using a rat skin-saphenous nerve in vitro preparation where receptive fields of identified single units can be isolated and superfused at the corium side with defined chemical solutions. 2. With mechanical search stimuli, 150 slowly adapting units were identified, 88% C-fibers, and the remainder, A delta-fibers. The majority of these units (65%) were categorized as mechano-heat sensitive ("polymodal") with controlled radiant heat stimulation. The remaining units were classified as low- or hig

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Heo, Yunwi, Min-Jung Pyo, Seong Kyeong Bae, Hyunkyoung Lee, Young Chul Kwon, Je Hein Kim, Bokyung Kim, Choul Goo Kim, Changkeun Kang, and Euikyung Kim. "Evaluation of Phototoxic and Skin Sensitization Potentials of PLA2-Free Bee Venom." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/157367.

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Bee venom (BV) from honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) has been used in oriental medicine and cosmetic ingredients because of its diverse pharmacological activities. In many studies, among BV components, phospholipase A2(PLA2) is known as a major player in BV-induced allergic reaction. Therefore, we removed PLA2from BV using ultrafiltration and then investigatedin vitrophototoxicity andin vivoskin sensitization of PLA2-free BV (PBV) in comparison with regular BV. The 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity assay can be appropriated to identify the phototoxic effect of a test substance upon the exposur

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Quandt, Sara, Thomas Arcury, Colin Austin, and Rosa Saavedra. "Farmworker and Farmer Perceptions of Farmworker Agricultural Chemical Exposure in North Carolina." Human Organization 57, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.3.n26161776pgg7371.

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Agricultural chemicals pose health risks for farmworkers engaged in cultivating and harvesting crops. In a project to develop culturally appropriate interventions to reduce farmworker exposure to agricultural chemicals, formative research used in-depth interviews and focus groups to elicit beliefs and knowledge about exposure from farmers and migrant and seasonal farmworkers in North Carolina. Farmworkers were concerned about acute effects they attributed to exposure and had little knowledge of long-term effects of low-level exposure. They believe that some individuals are inherently more susc

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Montero, Andrés, Cristina Quílez, Leticia Valencia, Paula Girón, José Luis Jorcano, and Diego Velasco. "Effect of Fibrin Concentration on the In Vitro Production of Dermo-Epidermal Equivalents." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 6746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136746.

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Human plasma-derived bilayered skin substitutes were successfully used by our group to produce human-based in vitro skin models for toxicity, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical testing. However, mechanical weakness, which causes the plasma-derived fibrin matrices to contract significantly, led us to attempt to improve their stability. In this work, we studied whether an increase in fibrin concentration from 1.2 to 2.4 mg/mL (which is the useful fibrinogen concentration range that can be obtained from plasma) improves the matrix and, hence, the performance of the in vitro skin cultures. The results s

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Krzemińska, Sylwia, and Małgorzata Szewczyńska. "Analysis and Assessment of Hazards Caused by Chemicals Contaminating Selected Items of Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment – a Literature Review." Safety & Fire Technology 56, no. 2 (2020): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.56.2.2020.6.

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Aim: The aim of the presented paper is to review the literature concerning the risks related to possible contamination with chemical substances of firefighter’s personal protective equipment (i.e. special clothing, special gloves, firefighter boots and balaclavas) during rescue operations. The authors focused on contamination resulting from the interaction of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and phthalates. Introduction: During rescue operations, firefighters are exposed to chemicals which are inherent in fires in buildings and open spaces. The health hazards cau

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Kobaisi, Farah, Eric Sulpice, Caroline Barette, Nour Fayyad, Marie-Odile Fauvarque, Bassam Badran, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan, Hussein Fayyad-Kazan, Xavier Gidrol, and Walid Rachidi. "Isoconazole and Clemizole Hydrochloride Partially Reverse the Xeroderma Pigmentosum C Phenotype." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158156.

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Xeroderma Pigmentosum protein C (XPC) is involved in recognition and repair of bulky DNA damage such as lesions induced by Ultra Violet (UV) radiation. XPC-mutated cells are, therefore, photosensitive and accumulate UVB-induced pyrimidine dimers leading to increased cancer incidence. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen to identify chemicals capable of normalizing the XP-C phenotype (hyper-photosensitivity and accumulation of photoproducts). Fibroblasts from XP-C patients were treated with a library of approved chemical drugs. Out of 1280 tested chemicals, 16 showed ≥25% photo-resistanc

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Zimniewska, Malgorzata, Mariola Pawlaczyk, Barbara Romanowska, Agnieszka Gryszczyńska, Edyta Kwiatkowska, and Patrycja Przybylska. "Bioactive Hemp Clothing Modified with Cannabidiol (CBD) Cannabis sativa L. Extract." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206031.

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Hemp fiber variety, Bialobrzeskie, contains phenolic acids in its chemical composition giving it inherent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The use of this raw material in fabric manufacture allows the creation of functional clothing with a positive effect on human skin. The aim of the study was to develop biologically active functional clothing made of pure industrial hemp raw materials, where cannabidiol (CBD) extract applied on the fabric surface strengthened the fiber bioactivity. The design of the clothing technology was focused on keeping the hemp inherent properties on a steady le

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Zimniewska, Malgorzata, Mariola Pawlaczyk, Barbara Romanowska, Agnieszka Gryszczyńska, Edyta Kwiatkowska, and Patrycja Przybylska. "Bioactive Hemp Clothing Modified with Cannabidiol (CBD) Cannabis sativa L. Extract." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 6031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206031.

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Hemp fiber variety, Bialobrzeskie, contains phenolic acids in its chemical composition giving it inherent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The use of this raw material in fabric manufacture allows the creation of functional clothing with a positive effect on human skin. The aim of the study was to develop biologically active functional clothing made of pure industrial hemp raw materials, where cannabidiol (CBD) extract applied on the fabric surface strengthened the fiber bioactivity. The design of the clothing technology was focused on keeping the hemp inherent properties on a steady le

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Merecz-Sadowska, Anna, Przemysław Sitarek, Ewa Kucharska, Tomasz Kowalczyk, Karolina Zajdel, Tomasz Cegliński, and Radosław Zajdel. "Antioxidant Properties of Plant-Derived Phenolic Compounds and Their Effect on Skin Fibroblast Cells." Antioxidants 10, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050726.

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Plants are rich sources of a diverse range of chemicals, many of which have significant metabolic activity. One large group of secondary compounds are the phenolics, which act as inter alia potent reactive oxygen scavengers in cells, including fibroblasts. These common dermis residue cells play a crucial role in the production of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, and maintaining the integrity of connective tissue. Chronic wounds or skin exposure to UV-irradiation disrupt fibroblast function by the generation of reactive oxygen species, which may damage cell components and modi

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Li, Yunfei, Rong Xu, and Yilin Zuo. "Effects and Detection Methods of Potential Toxic Chemicals in Cosmetics: Metals, Phenoxyethanol and Aloe Vera." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 6 (July 27, 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v6i.928.

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Cosmetics are widely used, but some components can be toxic at a certain dose. Thus, it is emerging to understand the toxic chemicals in cosmetics and their potential impact. This review introduces common cosmetics components with toxicity including metals, phenoxyethanol and Aloe vera. Toxic effects include some local effects, such as osteomalacia caused by metals, eye irritation, skin irritation and allergy caused by phenoxyethanol, as well as colonic mucosa caused by Aloe vera. Toxic chemicals in cosmetics are usually absorbed via the skin, and degraded in liver, then exerted through kidney

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Ha, Nuri, Seohyeon Oh, Seunghee Lee, Yujin Jung, Jiyul Choi, and Sokhee P. Jung. "Institutional Management Plan for Hazardous Chemical Substances in Textile Products." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 390–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.5.390.

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Due to accidents related to chemical substances at home and abroad, the effects of hazardous chemicals on the environment and interest in them are increasing. In order to prevent the occurrence of hazardous chemical accidents, it is first necessary to clarify institutional standards for hazardous chemicals. Among the daily life products in which hazardous chemicals are detected, textile products are in close contact with the human body for a very long time, and thus are closely related to human health. However, our society's interest in the health of chemical substances in textile products is

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Zhang, Weiyi, Jie Gao, Chuanjing Cheng, Man Zhang, Wenjuan Liu, Xiaoyao Ma, Wei Lei, et al. "Cinnamaldehyde Enhances Antimelanoma Activity through Covalently Binding ENO1 and Exhibits a Promoting Effect with Dacarbazine." Cancers 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020311.

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At present, melanoma is a common malignant tumor with the highest mortality rate of all types of skin cancer. Although the first option for treating melanoma is with chemicals, the effects are unsatisfactory and include poor medication response and high resistance. Therefore, developing new medicines or a novel combination approach would be a significant breakthrough. Here, we present cinnamaldehyde (CA) as a potential candidate, which exerted an antitumor effect in melanoma cell lines. Chemical biology methods of target fishing, molecular imaging, and live cell tracing by an alkynyl–CA probe

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Sawada, Yuka, Hanae Tsukumo, Junji Fukuda, Kazutoshi Iijima, and Hiroshi Itagaki. "Co-Culture of THP-1 Cells and Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (NHEK) for Modified Human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT)." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 6207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126207.

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To improve the accuracy of skin sensitization prediction of chemicals by conventional alternative methods using cells, it is important to reproduce the environment of skin in vitro, such as the crosstalk between keratinocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). We developed a skin sensitization test system based on the markers and criteria of the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT), which combines THP-1 cells as a surrogate for DCs and keratinized normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). After exposure to chemicals via keratinized NHEK, the cell surface expression of CD54 and CD86 on THP-1 was

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Bates, Nicola. "Poisons affecting the skin." Veterinary Nurse 12, no. 4 (May 2, 2021): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2021.12.4.176.

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All homes contain substances capable of causing serious injury if they come into contact with the skin. These substances include detergents, acids and alkalis found in many cleaning products, and petroleum distillates such as white spirit and petrol. Asphalt used in road surfacing can also cause local effects, particularly if it is still hot when contact occurs. The risk of effects on the skin from these chemicals is increased if decontamination in delayed. The method of decontamination will depend on the substance involved but in many cases simple bathing is sufficient. Removal of oily or gre

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Akbarzadeh, Abolfazl, Elham Abasi, Mostafa Ghanei, Arash Hasanzadeh, and Yunes Panahi. "The effects of various chemicals on lung, skin and eye: a review." Toxin Reviews 35, no. 3-4 (June 2, 2016): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2016.1187174.

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Hwang, Jee-hyun, Seungmi Lee, Ho Geon Lee, Dalwoong Choi, and Kyung-Min Lim. "Evaluation of Skin Irritation of Acids Commonly Used in Cleaners in 3D-Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model, KeraSkinTM." Toxics 10, no. 10 (September 24, 2022): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100558.

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Cleaners such as dishwashing liquids contain various chemicals that cause skin damage. Alkaline agents used in cleaners alter the lipid composition of the skin and damage the skin barrier. However, little is known about the effects of acids used in cleaners on the skin. Here, we investigated the effects of acidic pH on the skin and evaluated the skin irritation of acids commonly used in cleaners with a 3D-reconstructed human epidermis model, KeraSkinTM, according to OECD TG439. First, to examine the effects of acidic pH, we evaluated the skin irritation of citrate buffers (0.1 M, McIlvaine buf

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