Статті в журналах: "Electronic tender"

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Ponomarenko, Natalia, Christina Voznyakovska, and Julia Nemish. "Features of using the electronic system ProZorro in public procurement in Ukraine: problems and ways to overcome them." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 25 (June 30, 2021): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.25.2021.11.

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Summary The purpose of the article is to study the problematic aspects of the functioning of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro in Ukraine and to develop proposals for minimizing abuses in the field of tender procedures. Research methods: The article uses general scientific research methods, in particular: synthesis analysis – in the study of scientific literature and determining the features of the electronic public procurement system ProZorro; economic and statistical analysis and comparison – with indicators of public procurement in Ukraine; generalization – when developing recommendations for minimizing abuses in the field of public procurement within the electronic system ProZorro. Scientific novelty: is to determine the main mechanisms of abuse in the field of public procurement in order to obtain illegal benefits: the fragmentation of contracts and the development of sub-threshold trade procedures and justification of ways to minimize them. In particular, in the article It is substantiated that non-competitive tender offers carry high corruption risks and lead to inflated prices for the supply of goods, services and works. It is proposed to amend the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement» in order to prohibit the conclusion of additional agreements after the tender; prohibition to change the conditions of the tender and tender documentation after the announcement of tenders; prohibitions to combine goods into one lot and set maximum payment terms for delivered goods for more than 30 calendar days. Conclusions: The study concludes that the electronic public procurement system ProZorro has a positive impact on the development of public procurement in Ukraine, as it increases the transparency of bidding and tender procedures, expands opportunities for participation in tenders of small and medium-sized businesses and more. However, shortcomings, first of all, in the law enforcement and judicial system of Ukraine are caused by frequent cases of corruption schemes in the public procurement system both within the ProZorro system and outside it. Elimination of corruption schemes in the public procurement system is possible subject to amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Public Procurement». Keywords: public procurement, ProZorro, tender, tender offer, electronic bidding, competitive and non-competitive procedures.

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Wulan, Dewi Nawang, Ainul Masruroh, and Rusydi Rusydi. "PERSEKONGKOLAN TENDER DALAM PERSAINGAN USAHA MENURUT UU NO. 5 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG LARANGAN PRAKTIK MONOPOLI DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT." MIMBAR YUSTITIA 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/mimbar.v3i2.1959.

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Conspiracy tender an action collusive which can reduce the transparency and honesty among the participants of the tender. While time is the government is already set on Procurement of Goods and / or Services in electronic form of e-tendering, with the system online are expected to minimize leakage of the tender as well as the level of conspiracy tender there . But in practice leakage tender and conspiracy are still going on between the actors of business , including the Tender Works Revitalization Development Arena Youth / Teens province of West Nusa Tenggara on Year Budget 2011. Setting the tender which already are online should be able to prevent the conspiracy that happen, but in practice conspiracy tender occur with other modes namely with an agreement that is done by the participants of the tender kolusif the form of similarity IP Address, is practices outside the mechanism system of tendering set . Of things that mean conspiracy tender is still going on and still be one of the problems for the world of busines . Material laws are used as a reference will be analyzed using the technique of analysis of the contents by formulating the analysis of the decision that was decided by the Commission for the Supervision of Competition Usaha (KPPU). Results of the study showed that the system electronics have not fully guarantee the tender free of the conspiracy that carried out by the perpetrators of the business . It is an impact on the budget and the level of competition of business that is healthy , from the system electronics in the form of e- tenderimg the search of a conspiracy can be detected much earlier.

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Ortiz Williams, Samuel Gibran. "PAGO ELECTRONICO VS CHEQUE (ELECTRONIC PAYMENT VS CHECK)." Universos Jurídicos, no. 18 (June 8, 2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/uj.vi18.2625.

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Resumen: En la Universidad Veracruzana (UV), desde hace por lo menos tres lustros, el pago del salario se hace con pago-máticos o con tarjetas electrónicas. Con el progreso de la tecnología nuevas formas de pago han sido posibles con una aparente ventaja para los trabajadores; lo que resulta contrario a lo que manda la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; ya que esta nos indica que el pago del salario debe hacerse en moneda de curso legal no siendo permitido hacerlo efectivo con mercancías, vales, fichas o con cualquier otro signo con que se pretenda substituir a la moneda de curso legal. ¿Es legal pagarles a los trabajadores a través de medios electrónicos como lo son los pago-máticos o las tarjetas electrónicas? Es necesario indicar que el sistema jurídico mexicano -a través de la figura del cheque- busca salvaguardar el patrimonio del trabajador asalariado; ya que goza del status de sentencia. Abstract: At the University of Veracruz (UV), for at least three decades, salary payments have been made with payment-matics or electronic cards. With the progress of technology, new forms of payment have been possible with an apparent advantage for its workers; which is contrary to what is mandated by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States; since this indicates us that the payment of the salary must be made in legal tender, not being allowed to make it effective with merchandise, vouchers, tokens or with any other sign with which it is intended to replace the legal tender. Is it legal to pay workers through electronic means such as payment-matics or electronic cards? It is necessary to indicate that the Mexican legal system -through the figure of the check- seeks to safeguard the assets of the salaried worker, since it enjoys the status of sentence. Fuentes de consulta: Garner, B. (1999). Tender. Black´s Law Dictionary. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Group. Góngora Pimentel, G. (2005). Cheque. Diccionario Jurídico Mexicano. México: UNAM. Mish, F. (2004). Check. Merriam-Webster´s College Dictionary. Massacusetts: Merriam Webster´s, Inc. Legisgrafía Tesis Aislada Laboral, de los Tribunales Colegiados de Circuito, visible en la página 182, del Semanario Judicial de la Federación, vol. 181-186, 30 de mayo de 1984, 6ª. Parte, Materia Laboral, Séptima Época. Tesis Aislada Laboral, de los Tribunales Colegiados de Circuito, visible en la página 140, del Semanario Judicial de la Federación, vol. 163-168, 29 de octubre de 1982, 6ª. Parte, Materia Laboral, Séptima Época. Tesis S. CXI/2013 (10ª.), de la Segunda Sala de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, visible en la página 1588, del Semanario Judicial de la Federación y su Gaceta, Libro II, Enero de 2014, Tomo 2, Materia Constitucional, Laboral, Décima Época.

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Adistana, Gde Agus Yudha Prawira, Mas Suryanto HS, Purwo Mahardi, and Mochamad Firmansyah Sofianto. "ASSESSMENT OF E-PROCUREMENT SUBJECTS' MISSTEPS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND CONSULTANCY SERVICES THROUGHOUT THE SURABAYA CITY AREA AS AN EDUCATIONAL ADJUNCT FOR PROJECT TENDER COURSES." Jurnal PenSil 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpensil.v11i1.25294.

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From the government's perspective, an electronic tender or e-tendering system in the procurement of goods and services in Indonesia is a platform to acknowledge good governance and public services since it enhances cost efficiency, effectiveness, shorter turnaround periods, delivers excellent public monitoring, fosters competitiveness, and increases government accountability. Nevertheless, numerous tenders have managed to fail during the implementation of e-tendering for construction works. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to tender failures throughout the Surabaya City area. The factors that contributed to the tender's failure were identified from the results of the 220 construction tenders stated on the LPSE website. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to obtain factors that cause e-tender failures from the data obtained. Administrative, technical, price, and qualification criteria are the most dominant four failure criteria. The most apparent cause for auction failure is the provider's inability to attach references to previous projects.

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Larsen, Jesper, Lene Ussing, and Thomas Bruno. "An analysis of project selection and assignment criteria of Danish tenders in Europe." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm302013-16-26.

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Public construction agencies are one of the largest developers within the Danish construction industry, where such agencies own and develop new public construction projects. Most of these projects are put out in European tender. This study analyses the selection and assignment criteria employed by these agencies in different types of public sector projects.Some of the objectives pursued by the study include the determination of 1/ the selection and assignment criteria mostly used in Danish public tenders 2/how different types of projects use selection and assignment criteria in the bidding process, and 3/any significant difference between the use of selection and assignment criteria in Danish public construction projects. The study uses a quantitative research approach where 157 Danish public tender cases were selected from the European Tenders Electronic Daily database between the period: January 2010 to March 2013. Fisher's Exact Test was conducted to determine if there was any significant use of some selection and assignment criteria. The findings of the study showed that invited tenders with pre-qualification and lowest pricein 69.8% of the tenders are the most used selection and assignment criteria, with little regard to project type.

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Коростелев, Максим, and Maksim Korostelev. "Turnover of Electronic Funds: Civil Law Issues." Journal of Russian Law 1, no. 12 (November 14, 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1556.

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The article is devoted to the definition of electronic money according to Russian legislation, its legal nature, legal mechanism of its transfer, to the question whether electronic money is legal tender in Russia as well as to the question whether electronic money emission constitutes deposit taking activity.

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Medzmariashvili, Tinatin. "State Procurement Electronic System Efficiency in Georgia." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v10i1.p152-155.

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State procurement has significant strategic importance for Georgia, while it serves the rational expenditure of the state funds and the creation of a transparent competitive environment for the state and the business sector. In the last few years, the development of electronic technologies have formulated united state procurement electronic system. State financial resource spending requires business correspondence based on a single electronic system, which facilitates the acquisition of the buyer and the supplier openly, easily and without any unnecessary restrictions. Electronic system elaboration ensures maximal transparency of procurement procedures and rational spending of the state financial resources. Furthermore, increases competition among the bidders participating in the tender and raises public awareness. E-procurement system increases efficiency of the procurement processes, through saving purchaser’s and potential supplier’s financial, human and time-consuming resources. Besides, the tender procedures are transparent and easy to understand for any person interested in it.It is effective and efficient for any country to use the state procurement electronic system, as it provides transparent procedures and eliminates competition restrictions, corruption and discrimination risks.

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Medzmariashvili, Tinatin. "State Procurement Electronic System Efficiency in Georgia." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0014.

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Abstract State procurement has significant strategic importance for Georgia, while it serves the rational expenditure of the state funds and the creation of a transparent competitive environment for the state and the business sector. In the last few years, the development of electronic technologies have formulated united state procurement electronic system. State financial resource spending requires business correspondence based on a single electronic system, which facilitates the acquisition of the buyer and the supplier openly, easily and without any unnecessary restrictions. Electronic system elaboration ensures maximal transparency of procurement procedures and rational spending of the state financial resources. Furthermore, increases competition among the bidders participating in the tender and raises public awareness. E-procurement system increases efficiency of the procurement processes, through saving purchaser’s and potential supplier’s financial, human and time-consuming resources. Besides, the tender procedures are transparent and easy to understand for any person interested in it.It is effective and efficient for any country to use the state procurement electronic system, as it provides transparent procedures and eliminates competition restrictions, corruption and discrimination risks.

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Hanák, T. "Electronic Reverse Auctions in Public Construction Procurement – Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0082.

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AbstractElectronic reverse auctions (e-RAs) are considered to be an effective tool for negotiating tender prices and achieving cost savings. Furthermore, if multicritera evaluation is used, it can be expected that e-RAs will also contribute to achieving benefits in other areas, e.g. helping to minimize life-cycle costs. This study aims to analyse the mutual relationships between selected e-RA variables. More specifically, correlation analysis is applied to explore real e-RA data representing public tenders for construction work. This study’s findings reveal that the correlations examined are generally weak or very weak. Furthermore, it has been found that the value of correlation coefficients varies depending on the type of structure, and that public tenders are usually evaluated solely on the basis of the criterion of the lowest bid price. Recommendations for public authorities in using e-RAs in the role of the buyer are also provided at the end of this paper.

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Rashid, Md Abdur, and Mohammad Shorif Uddin. "Comparing the Efficiency of Manual and Electronic Tender Document Preparation: Cost and Time Context." Intelligent Information Management 14, no. 06 (2022): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/iim.2022.146013.

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Wibowo, Galih. "Better Procurement by Comparing the Behavior of Electronic and Non-Electronic Procurement." Case Studies in Business and Management 3, no. 2 (November 27, 2016): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/csbm.v3i2.10368.

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Paradigm of administrative change the procedures method of government procurement, particularly the open auction method through a pattern of electronic procurement (e-proc). However, the development of e-proc has not been applied to the direct procurement system to purchase the stuf of governmental or procurement goods. Direct Procurement system adheres to a slightly different mechanism with the concept of an open auction. This difference implies the actor behavior in both methods is different too. Studies comparing the behavior of the both actors / organizer on the electronic procurement (public tender) and non-electronic (direct procurement) was conducted to determine the level of performance of government procurement. The factors and impact each of the procurement methods have been studied for understanding advantages and disadvantages of each method, so that it can formulate better procurement models.

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Ros Haslinda Alias, Noor Maizura Mohamad Noor, Ali Selamat, Md Yazid Mohd Saman, and Mohd Lazim Abdullah. "Decision Making Model for Electronic Tender Evaluation (eTE) using Fuzzy AHP with Extent Analysis Method." International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications 6, no. 22 (December 31, 2012): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jdcta.vol6.issue22.8.

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Leśniak, Agnieszka, and Filip Janowiec. "Analysis of tender procedure phases parameters for railroad construction works." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (October 16, 2020): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0095.

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AbstractThe beginning of each construction investment is preceded by proper preparation. In the case of public procurement, this usually involves conducting a tender procedure to select a contractor for the works.Railway construction works require this rigor. This article will provide an overview of railway construction investments planned to be implemented in the current EU financial perspective. The key elements of the tender process related to individual stages of the tender will be analyzed.

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Rinkel, Jean, Debora Magalhães, Franz Wagner, Florian Meneau, and Flavio Cesar Vicentin. "Detective quantum efficiency for photon-counting hybrid pixel detectors in the tender X-ray domain: application to Medipix3RX." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515020226.

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Synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray imaging techniques using tender X-rays are facing a growing demand, in particular to probe theKabsorption edges of low-Zelements. Here, a mathematical model has been developed for estimating the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) at zero spatial frequency in the tender X-ray energy range for photon-counting detectors by taking into account the influence of electronic noise. The experiments were carried out with a Medipix3RX ASIC bump-bonded to a 300 µm silicon sensor at the Soft X-ray Spectroscopy beamline (D04A-SXS) of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS, Campinas, Brazil). The results show that Medipix3RX can be used to develop new imaging modalities in the tender X-ray range for energies down to 2 keV. The efficiency and optimal DQE depend on the energy and flux of the photons. The optimal DQE values were found in the 7.9–8.6 keV photon energy range. The DQE deterioration for higher energies due to the lower absorption efficiency of the sensor and for lower energies due to the electronic noise has been quantified. The DQE for 3 keV photons and 1 × 104 photons pixel−1s−1is similar to that obtained with 19 keV photons. Based on our model, the use of Medipix3RX could be extended down to 2 keV which is crucial for coming applications in imaging techniques at modern synchrotron sources.

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Mangitung, Donny M., Nirmalawati, Andi H. Asikin, Gitalia R. Ningsih, Musdalifah, and Suci S. Ningrum. "Important factors influencing the successful implementation of electronic tenders based on the perceptions of consultants, contractors and project owners in Palu." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1075, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1075/1/012036.

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Abstract The implementation of e-tenders requires readiness from the aspect of human resources, technological and management capabilities and organizations. To find out the factors that influence the success of the e-tender for construction services in Palu, this research was conducted by involving stakeholders involved in the implementation of the e-tendering, namely consultants, contractors and project owners. Data were collected on the basis of questionnaire survey using Likert scale of 6 and 28 Critical Success Factors (CSFs) were used in the questionnaire survey. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 163, of which 119 were returned, giving a 71% response rate. Data were analyzed using Relative Rank Index (RRI) technique and the Spearman Rank Order Correlation statistical test among three categorical samples. The results show that there is no difference among RRIs’ consultants, contractors and project owners. It is also concluded that the successful implementation of electronic tenders is influenced by factors related to Availability of reliable, affordable, and fast internet services, Availability of reliable ICT infrastructures and computer equipment, Building positive workplace and knowledge sharing culture and also Regular education and training to develop the competence and capability of electronic tendering procedures and requirement

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Muhammad, Achmad Djumlani, and Enos Paselle. "STUDI TENTANG PEMANFAATAN E-PROCUREMENT PADA DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR." Jurnal Paradigma (JP) 8, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jp.v8i1.2924.

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This study aims to determine and analyze the use of E-Procurement at the Public Works Office of East Kutai RegencyThis research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observation and literature review, and analyzed by interactive models. The results showed that in general, the use of E-Procurement at the Public Works Office of East Kutai Regency could facilitate the selection of auction/tender service providers because it was done through electronic websites and the internet so as to save time and costs in the auction process for the procurement of goods and services. Keywords: Utilization, E-Procurement, Procurement, Electronics, Internet.

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TSYGANOVA, MARIYA S., DARYA A. CHERNUSHENKO, and SERGEY V. BURESH. "PREDICTING SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PARTICIPANTS UNDER FEDERAL LAWS NO. 44 AND NO. 223." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 3, no. 108 (2022): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2022-3-108-5.

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Public procurement analysis might be quite useful for a supplier enterprise to understand the competitive environment of placed orders and, consequently, to make decisions aimed at improving the efficiency of its procurement activities. This work considers the development of the prediction module that allows obtaining estimates of the involvement in electronic public procurement under Federal Laws 44 and 223 of supplier enterprises, listed in information base of tender search system. Within the project, scripts for original procurement data clearing, constructing input features for the prediction model, analyzing significance and selecting these features were developed; logistic regression model was also built and trained. In the future, integration of the developed module with the system of tender search and analysis MetaTender is assumed.

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Simalango, Daniel Rashoky, and Harijanto Setiawan. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEGAGALAN KONTRAKTOR DALAM EVALUASI PENAWARAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, no. 3 (October 4, 2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jts.v15i3.3726.

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Various factors were found as the cause of the contractor's failure in bid evaluation in the tender of government projects. This study aims to explore the factors that cause contractors to fail in electronic project procurement in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The study was conducted based on a qualitative approach with documents as data sources. The secondary data was obtained from the Electronic Procurement Service Website (LPSE) of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2017. Qualitative data analysis was carried out using NVivo software in order to classify data that has similar meanings, which can be considered as the factors that cause failure of contractors in government projects tender. The results show that technical factors are the most common cause of failure, both in building projects, roads and bridges, and waterworks. Specifically, the technical factors that are the cause of the failure are different for each type of project. Technical factors related to core personnel are the cause of failure in building and waterworks projects, while the construction method is the cause of failure in road and bridge projects.

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M. Ashaari, Norul Izzati, Suhaida S.K, and Kam Kai Chang. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-TENDERING: THE CLIENTS’ PERSPECTIVE." Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development 4, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jbimpeagard.v4i1.3111.

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In construction industry, the most critical phases throughout the project life cycle is tendering phase. The traditional tendering method is often costly which involved paper intensive, expensive and tedious process that eventually cause possibility of errors in the documentation. This leads to the emergence of using the e-tendering system in the construction industry. E-tendering is a system that shift manual paper to fully electronic system to enable means of communication. In line with the Sixth Strategic Thrust of the Construction Industry Master Plan (CIMP) 2006 – 2015’s, Ministry of Works launched the electronic tender management system, called e-tendering. The Public Work Department (PWD) highlighted that the system is launched to develop communication between parties in a project, to increase government and tenderers productivity and to provide a save, trusted and efficient works. The focal point of this paper are the factors and strategies of e-tendering implementation based on the client’s perspectives in Malaysian Construction Industry. A quantitative method was applied and the data were analysed using the average index analysis. The reduction in time of printing, compiling, sorting tender price and received the tender document on time are among the factors influence the client’s decision to apply e-tendering system. The respondents agreed that the top management had played the most significant roles by providing the opportunity for the employee to attend the training related to implementation of e-tendering system. The financial support by the government and guideline notes are also important to ensure the system can be fully applied in the construction industry.

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Rashid, Md Abdur, and Mohammad Shorif Uddin. "Time and Cost Efficiency Analysis of Manual and e-Procurement Systems in Roads and Highways Department: TEC Meeting Arrangement Perspective." European Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejcsit.2013/vol10n53240.

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Public procurement ensures accountability, time, and cost savings in procuring goods, works, and services. All government departments use manual and electronic tendering processes to purchase goods and services. The Roads and Highways Department (RHD) is one of the big public departments designated as the study's target population. Manual and e-procurement tendering systems are used by all RHD procurement entities (PE). However, time and cost reduction are significant challenges in the manual tendering process. Because, it involves a lengthy process for Tender Evaluation Committee (TEC) meeting arrangements. However, no time and cost comparison study of the manual and e-GP tendering processes for TEC meeting arrangement has been done in RHD after e-procurement inception in 2011. This study uses a stratified sampling strategy to compare the time and cost of a manual tendering procedure to an e-tendering approach, targeting RHD PE officers as samples. The independent samples t-test model was used to compare two groups utilizing the mean value of TEC meeting arrangement time and cost of the e-tender system and the manual tender system as a continuous normally distributed variable. This study makes a unique contribution by comparing the time and cost efficiency of two sets of manual and e-tender procurement methods. The e-procurement system, according to the survey results, reduced excessive times and costs at TEC meeting arrangements. The findings will also be used to enhance academic research and to improve e-GP policy requirements.

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Phillips, Kim M. ":“A Tender Age”: Cultural Anxieties over the Child in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.(Gutenberg‐e.) Electronic book." American Historical Review 113, no. 4 (October 2008): 1216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.4.1216.

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Cichosz, Marian. "Uwarunkowania prawne i techniczne procesu elektronizacji w komunikacji stron w zamówieniach publicznych." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 28, no. 3 (December 21, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2019.28.3.9-21.

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<p>Starting from 18 October 2018, public procurement procedures with a value equal to and exceeding the amounts specified in the secondary legislation issued pursuant to Article 11 (8) of the Public Procurement Law (i.e. above the so-called EU thresholds) are covered by the obligation of full electronic communication between the contracting authority and economic operators. Currently, a tender (or an application to participate in the procedure) in a procedure above the EU thresholds, to be valid, must be submitted only in electronic form (and not in paper form) and signed with a qualified electronic signature. The new legal situation resulted in the need to employ, both by economic operators and contracting authorities, new IT tools allowing them to achieve compliance in this regard. Meanwhile, many economic operators, especially medium and small ones, have not had sufficient IT infrastructure (especially software) as well as sufficient knowledge of the ways and methods of electronic preparation and implementation of public procurement processes. A provisional way to implement new solutions is to provide the miniPortal for e-Procurement, which allows for the safe submission of a tender or application for participation in proceedings and statements, including a European Single Procurement Document compliant with the requirements laid down in both the EU law and national law. However, this tool poses many technical problems, causing a number of disruptions in the public procurement process. The publication contains information stemming from the author’s and other practitioners’ direct observation of the communication between parties in the public procurement process.</p>

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Sharp, C., K. Staniland, T. Cornell, and W. Dixon. "OP0076 HOW TO SELF-EXAMINE FOR TENDER AND SWOLLEN JOINTS: CO-DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING VIDEO FOR PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 41.1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1990.

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Background:COVID-19 has catalysed the transformation of healthcare services, with outpatient services increasingly dependent upon remote models of care. Healthcare professionals now have to make clinical assessments based on remote patient examinations. The number of tender and swollen joints a patient has drives decision-making in RA, making it particularly important that people with RA and HCPs have a shared understanding of these examinations.Even before remote consultations became widespread, long gaps between clinic visits create challenges in enabling HCPs to form an accurate picture of disease activity over time. The REMORA (REmote MOnitoring of Rheumatoid Arthritis) app aims to address this issue by asking people with RA to track disease activity, including counting the number of tender or swollen joints, weekly(1). Data are integrated into the electronic patient record for clinicians to access with patients during clinical consultations. As part of the supporting materials for the REMORA app, we planned to develop a video to train people with RA how to examine their own joints. This video may now help meet the need created by the recent expansion in remote consultations.Objectives:To describe the co-production, implementation and evaluation of a video to train patients how to examine their own joints.Methods:The need for the video to fill a current gap in patient education was identified by the REMORA patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group. A core working group comprising the PPIE lead, a nurse consultant, rheumatology clinicians, project and communications managers was formed. A storyboard was drafted and feedback gained from the PPIE group and wider REMORA team. Images were sourced from licenced suppliers, or co-developed with the PPIE group where necessary. No ethical approval was required as the PPIE group lead was acting as an equal member of the research term. Written informed consent was gained from video participants. Filming took place between two national lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a challenge to ensure social distancing and requiring the use of masks.Results:A 15 minute video to train people with RA to self-examine for tender and swollen joints was developed. An introduction outlining the rationale behind self-examination is followed by a nurse consultant coaching an RA patient in individual joint self-examination. Shoulders, elbows, wrists, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints and knees are included, all of which are counted in disease activity scores.Early feedback from stakeholders has been overwhelmingly positive. The video will be publicly available on YouTube from February 2021. A survey of patients and HCPs aims to obtain more formal feedback on the video, with a view to a further iteration, if required. Leading national organisations in rheumatology will promote the video, as it supports national programmes including the British Society for Rheumatology national early inflammatory arthritis audit and ePROMS (electronic patient report outcome measure) platform, both of which include entry of patient reported tender and swollen joint counts.Conclusion:This video was co-designed by people with RA, aiming to support self-examination of tender and swollen joint counts. Hits on YouTube and survey responses will help assess its impact. Evaluation to assess whether the video affects patients’ ability to self-examine for tender and swollen joints before and after watching is planned. We hope the video will support remote consultations and help people with arthritis to better understand and self-manage their arthritis, and to have shared decision making conversations with their clinicians.References:[1]Austin L, Sharp CA, van der Veer SN, Machin M, Humphreys J, Mellor P, et al. Providing ‘the bigger picture’: benefits and feasibility of integrating remote monitoring from smartphones into the electronic health record: findings from the Remote Monitoring of Rheumatoid Arthritis (REMORA) study. Rheumatology. 2020;59(2):367-78.Disclosure of Interests:Charlotte Sharp: None declared, Karen Staniland: None declared, Trish Cornell Shareholder of: shares in Abbvie, Employee of: Abbvie, working as a Rheumatology Nurse Consultant, Will Dixon Consultant of: Google and Abbvie, unrelated to this work.

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Trufanov, A. Y. "The Methodology of Sociological Research in the Composit Society." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(29) (April 28, 2013): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-2-29-197-201.

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The article highlights the problems encountered in sociological research, the customer is State authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation. Also the article discusses the methods of picking the participants of placing the order as an open electronic auction, open tender, quoted bid. The article contents comparative analysis of given methods, considers their benefits and limitations, touches on the practical questions associated with the funtioning one or the other method.

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Chen, Jihui, Lai Wei, Zuhua Yang, Quanping Fan, Qiangqiang Zhang, Yong Chen, Dongxiao Liu, Weimin Zhou, Changqing Xie, and Leifeng Cao. "Binary sinusoidal single-order multilayer gratings for tender x-ray region." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 37, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.388631.

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Nemec, Peter, and Peter Džupka. "DETERMINANTS OF SME ACCESS TO PUBLIC PROCUREMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES." Proceedings of CBU in Economics and Business 2 (October 24, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/peb.v2.257.

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This article aims to investigate the factors influencing the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement in the Visegrad Group Countries. According to the European Union, tools such as the division of contracts into smaller lots or the evaluation of tenders based on the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) increase the chances of SME’s winning contracts in public procurement. In particular, the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than the lowest price is a tool favoring SMEs, as it boosts their innovative potential, which creates the preconditions for achieving the best value for taxpayers' money. By analyzing more than 150,000 contract award notices published in the Tenders Electronic Daily in 2019, we found a positive effect on SMEs' chances of winning a contract when using framework agreements or dividing contracts into smaller lots. Moreover, the results of multinomial logit regression suggest that the evaluation of tenders based on MEAT rather than lowest prices increases the chances of SMEs to win the contract by more than 50%. However, the findings that the share of SMEs in the total financial value of contracts is less than 20%, with SMEs winning more than 60% of all contracts, suggest that some obstacles of SMEs' access to public contracts, such as financial, administrative or technical complexity of projects may persist and require further research.

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Ismi Yonifia. "Conception of Money in Islamic Economic Dimension." Talaa : Journal of Islamic Finance 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54045/talaa.v1i2.343.

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Money is seen not only as a legal tender (legal tender) but also seen as a commodity, money has two possibilities, namely the possibility leads to the good thing and the possibility leads to the bad thing. Both depend on the person using it. Money continues to innovate and evolve from cash to non-cash or electronic money. The emergence of crypto currencies raises pros and cons in various circles. This study aims to explain the concept of money from an Islamic perspective by analyzing crypto currencies as virtual currency. The writing method used is qualitative research using a literature review. The data taken are secondary data and data collection techniques using documentation and library studies. The results of this study explain that in Islamic economics currency must have underlying assets recognized by the government to avoid "money to money" transactions, while crypto currencies do not have underlying assets and no one is responsible.

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Oliychenko, Igor Mykhaylovych, and Maryna Yuriyivna Ditkovska. "ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT SYSTEM AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE ENTERPRISE'S ACTIVITY." Scientific bulletin of Polissia, no. 3(19) (2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2019-3(19)-22-30.

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Urgency of the research. The main task of improving the efficiency of procurement is the introduction and development of an electronic system that can save public funds, reducing corruption, and ensuring openness, accessibility of information. Target setting. Procurement in modern conditions is carried out using competitive methods of finding suppliers. Competition is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of procurement. E-procurement becomes a tool for regulating supply and demand for enterprise products. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Well-known scientists have made a significant contribution to the theory and methodology of e-procurement development: Altsivanovych O., Afanasiev R., Brovdiy A., Ovramets Yu., Sevostyanova G., Kvach V., Tsymbalenko J., Melnikov O., Smirychynsky V., Tkachenko N., Umantsiv Y., Shatkovsky O. and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Despite the large number of studies in the field of electronic procurement where the authors paid considerable attention to the problems of transparency and corruption in the public and municipal sectors, the issues of improving the efficiency of electronic procurement in the context of improving the enterprise insufficiently studied. The research objective. Analysis of the functioning of the electronic procurement system in Ukraine, identification of problems in its functioning, search for ways to improve the information support of the automated system, and adaptation to the needs of modern enterprises. The statement of basic materials. The article considers the peculiarities of the e-procurement system as a tool to improve the enterprise, explores the basic principles and stages of the procurement process, examines international experience in implementing electronic procurement systems, and analyzes the main problems and abuses in the context of enterprise development. Conclusions. Given the peculiarities of the functioning of the electronic procurement system, it is necessary to improve the components that are outside the system, such as procurement planning, anti-corruption, avoidance of tender collusion and combating unjustified price increases.

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Kim, Yujin, Daewoong Nam, Rory Ma, Sangsoo Kim, Myung-jin Kim, Jinhong Kim, Intae Eom, Jae Hyuk Lee, and Tae Kyu Kim. "Development of an experimental apparatus to observe ultrafast phenomena by tender X-ray absorption spectroscopy at PAL-XFEL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521011449.

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Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of molecules is of fundamental importance. Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS) is a powerful spectroscopic technique for unveiling the time-dependent structural and electronic information of molecules that has been widely applied in various fields. Herein, the design and technical achievement of a newly developed experimental apparatus for TR-XAS measurements in the tender X-ray range with X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory XFEL (PAL-XFEL) are described. Femtosecond TR-XAS measurements were conducted at the Ru L 3-edge of well known photosensitizer tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) in water. The results indicate ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer from the Ru center to the ligand, which demonstrates that the newly designed setup is applicable for monitoring ultrafast reactions in the femtosecond domain.

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Mohd, Haslina, Fauziah Baharom, Norida Muhd Darus, Shafinah Farvin Packeer Mohamed, Zaharin Marzuki, and Muhammad Afdhal Muhammad Robie. "Functional Requirements Specification of E-Tendering Using Natural Language Approach: Towards Innovative Business Transformation." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 5003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8555.

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Recently, business transformation towards the used of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a necessity toward rapid industries and the paradigm shifted to sustain business competitiveness. The holistic electronic approach is one of business innovations, especially in handling a lot of tender documentations and process in an electronic environment namely as e-Tendering. Unfortunately, the existing tender process transformation in the electronic approach is not properly followed certain standard and guideline, especially in establishing a good e-Tendering functional requirements specification to ensure the organizations would be in the best served. This is important to ensure a good e-Tendering system can be developed by e-Tendering developers based on a good e-Tendering functional requirement specifications. The requirements specification is a process of documenting user and system requirements. Commonly, user and system requirements should be clear, unambiguous, easy to understand, complete, and consistent. In practice, this is difficult to achieve due to interpretation of the requirements in different ways by stakeholders, which are often inherent conflicts and inconsistencies of the requirements. The implementation of the existing e-tendering still remains uncertainties, especially in defining the functional requirements of the e-tendering system. Therefore, this study aims to construct the e-Tendering functional requirement model using requirement template in natural language representation approach. Moreover the development of this system requirement model may provide a consistency to the requirements representation. The study uses UN/CEFACT Business Standard of the e-Tendering Business. The identified functional requirements are designed by using Requirement Template to ensure the reliability and understandability of requirements. Besides, the proposed functional requirements is constructed by adapting the natural language and verified by expert review approaches. As a result, this study proposed a functional requirements specification of the e-Tendering that contains detailed description which can be referred by software practitioners in developing a secure e-tendering system effectively.

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SLOBODIANYK, Anna. "PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONICIZATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-30.

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Introduction. In the civilized world, the principles of public procurement are based on austerity criteria; fairness and impartiality of contract award decisions; publicity of the procurement process; efficiency of the procurement process; the importance of accountability. The purpose of the research is to analyze the transfer of the procurement system in electronic format as an effective tool for the goods acquisition, works and services in order to financially support the functioning of state structures to serve public needs, which are maintained mainly at the expense of the state and local budgets. Results. The article deals with the concept essence of «electronic procurement» – that is the newest way of procurement, because it is the passing and controlling in the electronic environment of all stages of the procurement cycle, including marketing research, determining the range of economic agents, procedures for purchasing, placing orders, delivering and paying for them, budgeting and planning for purchases by government agencies. An efficient e-procurement system is highlighted, the key to which is the electronicization of the procurement process, which helps to reduce the operating costs of customers and suppliers; speeding up the procurement process and saving time; a wide range of suppliers; simple and convenient management of the procurement process; clear and transparent access to purchasing information. Conclusions. The electronic public procurement system makes it easier for participants to get started with the state, find the right procurement, submit a bid and win bidding, since all the procurement information is available on the procurement page, and in the change case in the tender documentation, all previous revisions of documents remain in the system, which can be downloaded and viewed. Such transparency of the procedure makes it possible to prevent corruption risks and is a way to develop democratic and open processes in society. Keywords: public procurement, participant, customer, Law of Ukraine "On Public Procurement", tender, auction, public procurement, bidding, open bidding.

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Jaśkowski, Piotr, and Agata Czarnigowska. "Contractor’s bid pricing strategy: a model with correlation among competitors’ prices." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0021.

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AbstractThe approach used by construction companies to determine bid prices is an element of their strategy used to win jobs in competitive tenders. Such strategies build upon an analysis of the contactor’s potential and capabilities (am I able to deliver? am I eligible to participate in the tender?), and the analysis of the economic environment, including the expected behavior of competitors. The tender strategy sets out both the guidelines and the procedure in deciding whether or not to bid as well as the rules for determining the price. The price, on the one hand, should be high enough to cover expected direct and indirect costs as well as risk-adjusted profit. On the other hand, it needs to be low enough to be considered most attractive (typically: the lowest) among the prices offered by the competitors. The paper focuses on the price definition component of the bidding strategy. It provides a brief overview of the existing methods that support bidding decisions by comparing their demand for input and limitations in practical applications and presents a simulation-based method supporting the determination of the profit ratio. This probabilistic method assumes the existence of a positive correlation between the prices offered by the competitors. Its application is illustrated by means of a numerical example. The outcomes of the simulation prompt the amount of the profit margin that maximizes the expected value of the contractor’s profit.

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Gusakova, Elena A., and Alexander S. Pavlov. "Public procurement in construction: international practice." Vestnik MGSU, no. 2 (February 2022): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.2.242-252.

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Introduction. The distribution and receipt of design and construction orders is a most important element in the construction life cycle. It is of considerable interest to study the rules governing the distribution of state orders and the practice of their application in various countries. This article examines the experience of the leading world economies accumulated in the bidding for construction projects. Materials and methods. The authors studied original legal documents on the organization of tenders for construction works in several countries, as well as in international organizations. The tender rules of the USA, France, Germany, New Zealand, Japan, China are considered. Materials of reviews and scientific researches, conducted by other scientists, are also used and summarized. Results. The principal methods for organizing tenders for construction and design works were identified as a result of analysis of regulatory documents. The authors have found many common approaches and methods used to assure equal and responsible relations between the state customer and the construction contractor. Conclusions. It has been established that a number of methods, widely used abroad, are practically not used in Russia, for example, competitive negotiations and two stage tendering. On the contrary, a foreign reader may think that some provisions of the Russian legislation are strange, for example, initial contract price setting by the customer or electronic document management rules in the federal law.

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De Camargo, Rachel Schettert, Auristela Duarte Moser, Laudelino Cordeiro Bastos, and Claudia Maria Cabral Moro. "Information system for assessing and monitoring patients with fibromyalgia syndrome – multidisciplinary approach." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 12 (November 28, 2014): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2014.12.207.

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Introduction: Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is characterised by chronic widespread pain and tender points on palpation. FMS is associated with depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disorders, and functional bowel disorders that can intensify painful feelings, altering functional capacity and quality of life. The health provider usually identifies these conditions through assessment and monitoring tools and recordsthe results on paper. Failure to use electronic information systems, which have specific methodology for the integration of Health Information Systems, hampers the applicability of these methods in clinical practice and does not allow visualisation and comparison of the results in a simple manner. Objective: To propose an information system for assessing and monitoring patients with FMS (SISFIBRO). Method: The first phase consisted of data collection to select evaluation and monitoring methods used by doctors, physical therapists, rheumatologists, and specialists in fibromyalgia. Next, we performed the modelling of the system in the Unified Modelling Language (UML). Based on the diagram of classes, we performed conceptual data modelling with entity-relationship diagrams. The prototype was implemented with the SISFIBRO Oracle database. Below, we included data from 36 patients with FMS to analyse whether the system provided all of the information and necessary functions. Results: In Brazil, most of the professionals (82.4%) record and store patient data on paper charts, and 17.6% do so using electronic systems. The most widely used instruments and methods arethe visual analogue scale (VAS) SF-36, theFibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), evaluation of tender points according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), and the Beck Depression Scale; all are available in SISFIBRO. We developed 1 diagram of use, 1 diagram of classes, 6 diagrams of objects, and 5 diagrams of sequences. We decided that SISFIBRO must be integrated with the Electronic Health Record (EHR) for the recording, storing, sharing, and retrieving of the information. This integration will assist in the clinical practice of health professionals. Conclusion: It was possible to create a system with the reliability needed to support and improve the assessment and treatment of FMS.

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Habbash, Manssour Ras'n M. "Electronic Reference Tools in EFL Classes." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p101.

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Electronic reference tools viz. dictionaries, wikis, explorers, translators etc. tender a great support to the EFL learners in understanding different aspects of the lexical, syntactical, phonological and semantic complexities. In view of the usefulness of online reference tools, it is hypothesized that extensive use of the tools in classrooms expedites the acquisition of the language. In an effort to establish the correlation between the effective use of the tools and the acquisition of English as a foreign language, it is proposed to take up a study that aims at finding out the impact of using Electronic reference tools in EFL classrooms. The study was conducted with two groups of learners of English as a foreign language who completed their yearlong English language course that is mandatory for continuing their bachelors’ course. By using purposive sampling method the participants of the study were selected and were divided into group A and group B based on the levels of success in their acquisition of English required for continuing their bachelor’s courses. The levels of success were determined based on a diagnostic test conducted at the end of their one-year English language program, and graded in light of the Interagency Language Round Table Scale (ILRS). The students who obtained ILRS +3 level and above in the test were included in group A, and the students who obtained below ILRS 3 level are included in group B. The final sample of the students in both the groups were provided with a questionnaire of Likert scale that is followed by face-to-face interviews. By employing mixed method model of research, the correlation between their use of online reference tools and their level of success in learning the language were established. The results show a positive correlation that confirms the use of online and electronic reference tools is an essential learning strategy both within and out of the classroom learning as well as for expediting the learning process.

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Nakazawa, Atsushi, Yu Mitsuzumi, Yuki Watanabe, Ryo Kurazume, Sakiko Yoshikawa, and Miwako Honda. "First-person Video Analysis for Evaluating Skill Level in the Humanitude Tender-Care Technique." Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 98, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10846-019-01052-8.

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El Miedany, Yasser, Maha El Gaafary, Sally Youssef, Sami Bahlas, Samah Almedany, Ihab Ahmed, and Deborah Palmer. "Toward Electronic Health Recording: Evaluation of Electronic Patient-reported Outcome Measures System for Remote Monitoring of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 12 (September 15, 2016): 2106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.151421.

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Objective.To assess the use of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROM) in standard clinical practice for early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management, the ePROM ability to enhance clinical care, and how computing technology can improve the patients’ adherence to therapy.Methods.In a double-blinded randomized-controlled study, 211 patients with early RA diagnosed according to American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria completed a PROM in paper format at their first clinic visit. Patients were then randomized to Group 1, which completed an ePROM questionnaire monthly, or Group 2, which continued the standard paper PROM format. Over a 12-month period, Group 1 patients were assessed every 3 months in the clinic, whereas Group 2 patients were assessed in the clinic initially monthly for 6 months, then every 3 months. The primary endpoint was the equivalence of outcomes [Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID-3) and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)] in both groups. The secondary endpoint was the patients’ adherence to their medications.Results.There was no significant difference between disease activity measures as well as DAS28 and RAPID-3 scores at 3, 6, and 12 months of management, although there was a trend toward lower patient-reported tender joint count and functional disability score in the active group versus the control group. The patients’ adherence to antirheumatic therapy was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the ePROM group, whereas stopping disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for intolerability was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the control group at 12 months of treatment.Conclusion.We found ePROM equivalent to standard paper PROM format. Further, it enabled the patients to personally monitor how they are doing regarding their disease activity and helped to optimize their adherence to their treatment.

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Kholida, Lily, and Bismar Arif. "Risk Cause Analysis on E-Procurement Bidding." ADRI International Journal of Engineering and Natural Science 6, no. 01 (May 31, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/aijens.v6i01.25.

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The current procurement of goods and services refers to the Electronic Procurement Service (E-Procurement) system in accordance with Presidential Regulation No.16 of 2018, however in its implementation the contractors still need adjustments. One of them is the contractor involved in the case study of this research which has failed in several tenders. This can create risks associated with value and profitability of the company. This study aims to cover this gap by knowing the risk factors for failure, level and the form of handling carried out by distributing questionnaires to the related contractors. Data analysis was performed using statistical software and the value was mapped using the Risk Relative Importance Index (RRI). The result show that the capacity of the bid files to upload is too large and there is no supplier support, are in moderate risk levels with scale respectively of 8,836 and 7,407. Problematic internet signal factors and incomplete design maturity levels are in high risk levels with a scale of 11.868 and 12.586. Meanwhile, the extreme risk level, namely the price cannot compete with other participants and the very limited time for calculating the tender, on a scale of 12,586 and 15,339 are factors that need attention.

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Gurevich, Vladimir. "A new criterion needed to evaluate reliability of digital protective relays." Journal of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 5 (November 1, 2012): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-012-0050-6.

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There is a wide range of criteria and features for evaluating reliability in engineering; but as many as there are, only one of them has been chosen to evaluate reliability of Digital Protective Relays (DPR) in the technical documentation: Mean (operating) Time Between Failures (MTBF), which has gained universal currency and has been specified in technical manuals, information sheets, tender documentation as the key indicator of DPR reliability. But is the choice of this criterion indeed wise? The answer to this question is being sought by the author of this article.

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Зайцев, О. Л., and С. В. Ясечко. "Contract for Public Procurement in Terms of Private Law." Law and Safety 80, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2021.1.19.

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The authors have analyzed the way of the origin and consolidation of the public procurement procedure in the Ukrainian national law from 1993 till the present day. That allowed us to determine the main conditions of public procurement, which have not changed during the whole period of existence of the independent legal system of Ukraine, and to critically evaluate them. Namely, the basis for payment is a report on the results of public procurement during the procurement of goods, works or services, and the cost of procurement should have been equal to or have exceeded the amount of UAH 200,000. The main scientific works focused on the consideration of public procurement issues in various branches of Ukrainian law have been summarized. The concept of the contract for procurement has been generalized and its features have been listed: the contract for procurement is an agreement between the customer and the participant (most of the parties), aimed at establishing, transferring or terminating property rights and obligations, which is concluded as a result of the procurement procedure and which provides the acquisition of freehold interest in the property, provision of services or performance of works. The main conceptual contradictions between the contract for procurement, the civil contract and the commercial agreement have been established and characterized. Based on the analysis of tender, civil and commercial legislation, the authors have carried out a critical analysis of the contract for procurement in terms of understanding and essential terms of the general civil contract, namely: violation of the concept of free agreement between the parties, non-compliance with equality of the rights, unreasonable narrowing of the contract for procurement up to the provision of services, performance of works or acquisition of ownership for goods, which contradicts the draft contract included in the tender documentation, the impossibility of reducing the contract price in the direction of reduction as agreed by the parties, the lack of electronic form of the contract for procurement provided by the tender legislation.

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Wójcik, Krystian, Jarosław Zacharski, Marcin Łojek, Sara Wróblewska, Hubert Kiersnowski, Krzysztof Waśkiewicz, Adam Wójcicki, et al. "New Opportunities for Oil and Gas Exploration in Poland—A Review." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051739.

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Reserves totaling ~142 BCM (5 TCF) of natural gas trapped in 306 fields and ~22 MTOE (~157 MMBOE) of crude oil in 87 fields have been discovered. The prospection, exploration, and production of hydrocarbons are licensed: an entity interested in these kinds of activities needs to have concession, which is granted by the Polish Ministry of Climate and Environment for 10 to 30 years according to one of two independent ways—international tender or open door procedure. In this review, the most prospective areas for oil and gas exploration in Poland, selected by the Polish Geological Survey, and announced as dedicated for the next 6th tender round, planned in the second half of 2022, are described. These are: Block 413–414, Block 208, Cybinka–Torzym, Zielona Góra West, and Koło areas. The main exploration target of these tender areas is related to conventional and unconventional accumulations of gas and oil in the Carpathian basement, Carpathian Foredeep, and Outer Carpathians (Block 413–414), as well as in the Carboniferous, Permian Rotliegend, Zechstein Main Dolomite (Block 208, Cybinka–Torzym, Zielona Góra West), and in the Mesozoic of the Polish Lowlands (Koło). The second way of granting concession in Poland is the so-called open door procedure, in which an entity may apply for a concession for any other area selected on its own.

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Yendri, Okma, and Desi Qomariah. "Analisis Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Konstruksi Menurut Perpres 70/2012 Terhadap Perpres 4/2015." Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/be.v4i1.1093.

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The construction sector has an important role in economic growth. To realize a condition that all necessary infrastructure that can guarantee an increase in economic activity. Procurement will be infrastructure and infrastructure by the government, using the budget of revenues and expenditures (APBN / APBD). To oversee the use of the budget, must arrange the procurement rules which the regulation amended by Presidential Decree 70/2012 and 4/2015. The tender process is expected to use the electronic media (e-procurement) to be more transparent, accountable, effective and efficient, in line with efforts to eradicate corruption, collusion and nepotism. The research method uses descriptive research. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with data taken from LPSE Musi Rawas and questionnaires to respondents as service providers, service users, and the auction committee. A descriptive analysis of data processing and data processing using a Likert scale questionnaire on the subject of the study variables The results of a comparative analysis of the construction tender based on Presidential Decree 4/2015 is the same as the Presidential Decree 70/2012. It's just that there is a difference in the duration of time the activity evaluation of the Proposal, namely the regulation 70/2012 is 4 days while on the regulation 4/2015 is 11 days. The duration of time on activities Sanggah Auction Results period is 4 days while the Presidential regulation 70/2012 4/2015 is 6 days.

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Džupka, Peter, Matúš Kubák, and Peter Nemec. "Sustainable Public Procurement in Central European Countries. Can It Also Bring Savings?" Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 9241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219241.

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The efficiency of public resource use and its strategic framework with respect to sustainable public procurement policies, such as the most economically advantageous tender (hereafter MEAT), has become an important topic nowadays. Therefore, the study examines the determinants of savings creation within MEAT in Central European countries. It uses a dataset published in the Tenders Electronic Daily database in 2017–2018 about contract award notices and carries out a generalized linear model to study the determinants of savings creation within MEAT. The findings suggest that when services are procured within MEAT, the savings are considerably higher than compared to works. If the framework agreement takes place in a procurement process, the savings are significantly smaller. In cases where the subject of procurement is not co-financed by EU funds, the savings are higher than in the case that they are. If an open type of procurement is used, the savings are seemingly smaller than in cases where a non-open type of procurement takes place. When the contract is awarded to a single supplier, the savings are higher than otherwise. A higher number of total offers, as well as a higher number of offers from small and medium-sized enterprises, induce higher savings. It can be concluded that the use of sustainable public procurement subtly reduces the creation of savings.

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Dzyublyuk, Oleksandr. "Essential aspects of electronic money in the conditions of digitalization of banking business." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(96) (July 10, 2020): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.02.076.

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Introduction. Advances in information technology and digitalization of the banking business have created the basis for the modernization of modern payment systems that operate using a wide range of new financial instruments, a special place among which belongs to electronic money. It is electronic money that is gradually replacing traditional forms of monetary relations, covering an increasing range of relationships between market participants and ensuring the movement of goods and services in each business cycle. Given the importance of money supply as a major factor influencing the dynamics of economic processes, a clear understanding of the nature of electronic money and their place and role in the modern monetary system and economy is especially important in the context of effective monetary policy and financial stability. Purpose. The aim of the study is to substantiate and systematize theoretical views on understanding the nature and basic types of electronic money, taking into account the evolution of monetary relations and the banking system, digitalization of which creates new conditions for market participants in the organization of payments using different types of financial instruments. Results. The nature of electronic money as a legal tender cannot be different from the nature of credit money, which is this tool in the country. Only those instruments of circulation and payment that are issued by the banking system of the country and have all the characteristics to regulate their circulation by the central bank should be considered real money, regardless of their material carrier. Therefore, electronic money should be defined as special electronic ways of storing monetary value in bank accounts using a technical device that can be exploited to make payments. Prospects. Necessary directions of further research of electronic money should be the development of proposals and recommendations for a clearer legislative regulation of differences between real money and their substitutes in order to ensure comprehensive protection of the interests of consumers of financial services.

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Li, Dejun, Jianbao Huang, and Lingcong Wang. "The Impact of Digital Currency on the Financial System: Universal Decentralized Digital Currency, Is It Possible?" Journal of Economics and Public Finance 5, no. 2 (May 10, 2019): p203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jepf.v5n2p203.

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With the continuous development of computer and blockchain technology, digital currency has gradually replaced some functions of legal tender. This paper investigated the impact and the feasibility of digital currency on the financial market. Combining the money demand theory of Karl Heinrich Marx and Milton Friedman respectively, we discussed the impact of electronic and cryptocurrencies on the amount of money in circulation. Then, through further empirical analysis, we conclude that in China, digital currency has a substitution effect on current deposits in the long term. Furthermore, the welfare effect level of different countries adopting different policies on digital currency is analyzed by using the local equilibrium model of tariff effect in small countries, and the policy choice of maximizing the total welfare level is discussed based on game theory. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on establishing the global financial supervision system.

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Bomba, David, and Tim Land. "The feasibility of implementing an electronic prescribing decision support system: a case study of an Australian public hospital." Australian Health Review 30, no. 3 (2006): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060380.

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Medication errors are common in public hospitals, with the majority at the prescribing stage of the medication pathway. Electronic prescribing decision support (EPDS) is a rules-based computer system that can be used by clinicians to warn against such errors to improve patient safety and support staff workflows. Despite its apparent advantages, this technology has not been widely adopted in Australian public hospitals for inpatient prescribing. A case study using Sauer?s (1993) Triangle of Dependencies Model was conducted in 2003 into the feasibility of implementing an EPDS system at an Australian public hospital in New South Wales. It was found not feasible to implement an EPDS at the hospital studied due to the legacy patient administration system, low availability of information technology on the wards, differing stakeholder views, legislation, and the Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of NSW report recommendations. A statewide standard was preferred, with an agreed specification framework identifying basic core data items and functions that an EPDS must meet which can then be used by area health services to: (i) choose a solution which best meets their contextual needs; and (ii) engage vendors to tender for building an open source (non-proprietary) system based on the specification framework.

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Su, Hongyang, Yifan Ye, Kyung-Jae Lee, Jie Zeng, and Ethan J. Crumlin. "Probing the nickel corrosion phenomena in alkaline electrolyte using tender x-ray ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 54, no. 37 (July 1, 2021): 374001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac09bb.

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Tsunekawa, Shun, Futaba Yamamoto, Ke-Hsuan Wang, Masanari Nagasaka, Hayato Yuzawa, Satoru Takakusagi, Hiroshi Kondoh, Kiyotaka Asakura, Takeshi Kawai, and Masaaki Yoshida. "Operando Observations of a Manganese Oxide Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation Using Hard/Tender/Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, no. 43 (October 20, 2020): 23611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c05571.

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Kartika, Arie, and Windi Sri Wahyuni. "Electronic Transactions Against Virtual Money (Cryptocurrency) Stock Trading Special Criminal Law Perspective." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 8 (August 29, 2022): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220864.

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Virtual currency was designed as an alternative legal tender, originally for use in virtual communities, and certain online gaming sites. The number of such virtual currencies is constantly growing and reaching out to activities in the real world. Currently there are a large number of virtual currencies in circulation and they can be obtained either directly (through mining, bilateral transactions with investors, from companies that sell virtual currencies, purchase of certain goods, etc.) or indirectly through the exchange of virtual currencies. Cryptocurrency can also be referred to as unformed commercial objects; it is actually a digital form which can be used in electronic transactions. This study aims to analyze the existence of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia and find out the responsibility of money laundering perpetrators who use virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading. The research method used is normative legal research. The results showed that the existence of virtual uag (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia when used as currency unification, transacting, trading or as a means of payment with businesses in this case, especially stock trading in Indonesia, can be said to be invalid in terms of its use7 Of 2011 On Currency. Users of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in Indonesia are quite widely used in terms of business, which can be seen in Indonesia itself already circulating virtual money (cryptocurrencies) such as Bitcoin and Centcoin. Then, the responsibility of money laundering perpetrators who use virtual money (Cryptocurrency) in stock trading which is very negative for the state of Indonesia, especially in terms of business because people who have committed these crimes take advantage of technological advances unwisely so that perpetrators can be charged based on law no. 8 of 2010 on the prevention and eradication of money laundering. Keywords: Stock Trading, Cryptocurrency, Special Crimes

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Nawsheen Zahan, Aklima Sultana Bithi, Pranab Karmaker, Kazy Ebnul Hasan, Farjana Khanam, Akashlynn Badruddoza, Meghdeep Badruddoza, and Arup Kumar Saha. "Management of medical store in a tertiary level public hospital in Dhaka city." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.3.0343.

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Cross-sectional descriptive study at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January to December 2013. This study evaluated the medical supply chain in a Dhaka public tertiary hospital. Respondents were hospital shop employees who kept data on medicine procurement, storage, and distribution. 51-59-year-olds made up 36.6% of respondents. 68.3% of the store's workforce were pharmacists. 82.9% of respondents have a diploma or degree. 70% of personnel lacked retail management training. The investigated store had no AC or chiller. Store had a fridge. The pharmacy's drug procurement and selection committee was present. More than half (55%) of drugs were purchased using open tender. Direct purchases made up 30%, donations 13%, and other methods 2%. The store has an expiration-date section. The store contains updated volatile drug storage, safety stock, a stock ledger, vouchers, and invoicing. The shop had no electronic ledger. Lack of space, shelves, a damp or cracked wall, and a refrigerator were issues. Labor was scarce. Shop managers say improve quality management. During the drug receiving procedure, analytical testing ensures preservation and efficacy. Store management in our nation can be improved by giving refresher training on regulations and legislation and maintaining an electronic ledger via a database system.

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