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Дисертації з теми "Emissions trading schemes"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023
Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Aydos, Elena De Lemos Pinto. "Who is [not] paying the carbon price? The subsidisation of heavy polluters under emissions trading schemes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15777.

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Анотація:
In the absence of a comprehensive and legally binding international agreement on global emissions reduction, the free of cost allocation of permits has been a political condition of the acceptance of Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) in most jurisdictions. As a consequence, up to now, many heavy polluters participating in the ETSs are not paying the full price of carbon. The extent to which pricing carbon affects specific sectors in practice remains unclear in most jurisdictions. In this thesis, I bring together and analyse the economics and legal literature in relation to free allocations. A d
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2

Jooste, Dustin. "Emissions trading scheme for South Africa : opportunities and challenges." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79330.

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Анотація:
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report aims to determine whether an emissions trading scheme or carbon tax is the most suitable market-based emissions reduction mechanism for South Africa, given its multiple environmental, social and economic objectives. Key factors considered in this comparison include: environmental effectiveness; economic efficiency; social welfare impacts; public finance considerations; administrative complexity and costs; and, finally, the relationship to global greenhouse gas reduction mechanisms. These factors are compared in the short and long term to determine w
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3

Liu, Xin. "Emission Trading For China : the inspiration from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58643.

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Анотація:
How to avoid and deal with dangerous climate change, which will have catastrophic economic and social consequences, has already become the focus worldwide. From the UNFCCC to the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the international community has been trying to find effective means to reduce GHGs. Facing both internal demand and external pressure, as the largest carbon dioxide emitter, China needs to make further efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. So far, emission trading, especially the EU ETS has proved to be a good system to reduce emissions with low cost. In this thesis, the valuable
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4

Link, Christoph, Juliane Stark, Axel Sonntag, and Reinhard Hössinger. "Contribution of an emission trading scheme to reduce road traffic induced CO2 emissions in Austria." Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1170.

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Анотація:
The Emission Trading Scheme for green house gases is a key tool of European climate protection. Including the road transport sector might be a promising strategy to limit its CO2 emissions. This could be realized within a common market (trans-sectoral trading permitted) or separated markets (trans-sectoral trading not permitted). Starting from different assumptions on emission reduction objectives, the impact of both options is analyzed using a quantitative model. Although an emission trading scheme is ecologically effective regardless of the trading model, it turns out that CO2 emissions and
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5

Minnice, Paul. "Heterogeneous national allocation plans in the EU Emission Trading Scheme under imperfectly competitive markets." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3637.

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6

Bogojevic, Sanja. "Discourse analysis of emissions trading scholarship : a case study of the EU emissions trading scheme." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4bab5c90-dc00-48ef-88a0-3162f05cf1b1.

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Анотація:
Over the last four decades emissions trading has enjoyed a high profile in environmental law scholarship and in environmental law and policy. Much of this regulatory discussion is promotional, preferring emissions trading above other regulatory strategies without, however, engaging with legal complexities embedded in conceptualising, scrutinising and managing emissions trading schemes. The combined effect of these debates is to create a perception that emissions trading is a straightforward regulatory strategy, imposable across various jurisdictions and environmental settings. This thesis show
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7

Kopsch, Fredrik. "Including International Aviation in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33999.

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8

Kim, Tae Hee. "The Korean emissions trading scheme : focusing on accounting issues." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21690.

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Анотація:
The purpose of this study is to examine the accounting standard-setting process in relation to emissions rights and related liabilities in the Korean context in order to provide a better understanding of accounting issues under an emissions trading scheme (ETS). Using an interpretive inductive approach, this study comprises semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and analysis of relevant documents. Interviews were carried out with a wide range of key players, including accounting standard setters (Korean Accounting Standards Board, International Accounting Standards Board, and Autorité des No
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9

Reilly, John M., and Sergey Paltsev. "An Analysis of the European Emission Trading Scheme." MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29792.

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Анотація:
An international emissions trading system is a featured instrument in the Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, designed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases among major industrial countries. The US was the leading proponent of emissions trading in the negotiations leading up to the Protocol, with the European Union initially reluctant to embrace the idea. However the US withdrawal from the Protocol has greatly changed the nature of the agreement. One result is that the EU has moved rapidly ahead, establishing in 2003 the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) for the period
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10

Anger-Kraavi, Annela. "Emissions trading for regulating climate change impacts of aviation : a case study of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610211.

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11

Mengistu, Azemeraw Tadesse. "Modeling and Analysis of Long-Term Shifts in Bioenergy Use-With Special Reference to Ethiopia : Improving Sustainable Development." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129541.

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Анотація:
Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan Africa countries whose energy depends on traditional use of biomass such as wood, charcoal, agricultural residues and animal dung. The traditional use of biomass mainly wood and charcoal leads the country to massive deforestation and forest degradation. Negative environmental impacts from poorly managed municipal solid waste are also serious problems in the country. Moreover, there is a wide range of fossil fuels demand in the country fully covered by importing which results to a significant expenditure from the country’s budget. This study investigates the l
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12

Ning, Bolun. "Comparative Study of Emissions Trading Status-Quo in China, Australia and Other Countries." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365431.

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Анотація:
Market-based approaches, particularly the emissions trading schemes, are broadly utilised by the developed world in order to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions, which are the main course of global climate change. All the existing schemes and schemes to be introduced play an important role in one country’s national climate change policies. China, as the largest contributor to the greenhouse gases emissions in the world, has also shown its intention to introduce an emissions trading scheme. However, there is no national regulatory framework or policy for carbon trading market in China. Thus,
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13

Forsberg, Joel. "The effects of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme on the energy enterprises with small carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-44234.

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Анотація:
To reduce the rate of global warming the EU has implemented the European Union EmissionTrading Scheme (EU ETS) as the world’s largest Cap and Trade system in an ambitiousattempt to reduce greenhouse gases with high cost-effectiveness. However, Cap and Tradetheory stipulates that transaction costs should be low for a Cap and Trade system to workeffectively. There is a possibility that small actors producing district heating and electricitypay too large a part of their costs in transaction cost, thereby making the EU ETS fail in itseffort to reduce emissions in the most cost effective way. To re
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14

Efthymiou, Marina. "Challenges in aviation governance : implementation of Single European Sky and EU Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, University of West London, 2016. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/3239/.

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Анотація:
Traffic growth, capacity constraints, climate change and the necessity to develop a more cost efficient system led to an ambitious initiative to reform the architecture of airspace management. This initiative, launched by the European Commission (EC), is called Single European Sky (SES). The four Key Performance Areas (KPAs) of SES are environment; cost efficiency; capacity; and safety. In the environment KPA Performance Indicators for Air Navigation Services Providers (ANSPs) are established to ensure that improvement in sustainability is achieved. In addition, aviation is included in the Eur
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15

Yu, Pei-Shan. "The financial and environmental performance of firms exposed to the EU Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, University of Reading, 2015. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/49316/.

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Анотація:
This thesis is an empirical-based study of the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and its implications in terms of corporate environmental and financial performance. The novelty of this study includes the extended scope of the data coverage, as most previous studies have examined only the power sector. The use of verified emissions data of ETS-regulated firms as the environmental compliance measure and as the potential differentiating criteria that concern the valuation of EU ETS-exposed firms in the stock market is also an original aspect of this study. The study begins in Cha
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16

Buhr, Katarina. "Bringing aviation into the EU emissions trading scheme : institutional entrepreneurship at windows of opportunity /." Uppsala : Företagsekonomiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9505.

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17

Bertrand, Vincent. "The european union emission trading scheme and energy markets : economic and financial analysis." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00930886.

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Анотація:
This thesis investigates relationships between the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and energy markets. A special focus is given to fuel switching, the main shortterm abatement measure within the EU ETS. This consists in substituting Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGTs) for hard-coal plants in off-peak power generation. Thereby coal plants run for shorter periods, which allows power producers to reduce their CO2 emissions. In Chapter 1, we outline different approaches explaining relationships between carbon and energy markets. We also review the literature relating to these issue
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18

Sung, Sally Ki-Youn. "Responding to Climate Change: A Carbon Tax or an Emissions Trading Scheme? A New Zealand Perspective." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accountinig and Information Systems, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6934.

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Анотація:
Consequences of global warming and climate change issues have become more apparent over the last several decades. Heat waves, floods, tornados and storms are not just natural disasters occurring elsewhere, but they are now serious environmental catastrophes threatening New Zealand (NZ) and nearby countries as a result of continously escalating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, the Kyoto Protocol was prepared for countries to work collaborately to provide a solution through encourging countries to commit themselves to reducing their individual share of the total GHG emissions. To date, NZ h
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19

Lacombe, Romain H. "Economic impact of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme : evidence from the refining sector." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42936.

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Анотація:
Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2008.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-182).<br>I study the economic impact of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) on the refining industry in Europe. I contrast previous ex-ante studies with the lessons from a series of interviews I conducted with industrials, and the public dat
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20

Eckerhall, Daniel. "The Possibility and Effects of Including the Transport Sector in the EU Emission Trading Scheme." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5306.

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Анотація:
<p>The European Union has initiated a scheme for trading with CO2 emission allowances as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emission levels. Since January 2005 companies from certain energy demanding sectors, responsible for approximately 50 % of the total CO2 emissions in the EU, are participating in this scheme, the so called EU Emission Trading Scheme.</p><p>A trading scheme covering all sectors, i.e. all emissions in the EU would lead to the most cost efficient solution to reduce emissions by a certain amount. This means that the EU Emission Trading Scheme should be enlarged to cover also
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21

Semkiv, O. "The national emission trading scheme in Ukraine as a mitigation tool to combat climate change." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13189.

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Анотація:
The climate change has been identified as one of the major threats the human kind faced over the last decades. For a while, a number of developed countries have combined the efforts of state and private sector, developing the additional mechanisms and instruments for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although Ukraine is actively using the mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the national economy still faces a lack of initiatives to attract private sector into the programs aiming at GHG emission reductions. When you are citing the document, u
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22

Boling, Bryan Kenneth. "A framework and quantitative methodology for the identification of cost-effective environmental policy for civil aviation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53459.

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Анотація:
Compared to the relative wealth of information surrounding design in the context of system-of-systems there has been little research surrounding policy making in system-of-systems. While the adoption of a formal approach and lexicon for system-of-systems problems has been proposed by researchers, the specific inclusion of regulatory policies in system-of-systems is still largely absent or underdeveloped. Typically, there is no distinction between internal policies of an organization and exogenous policies coming through regulatory channels. Further, researchers have yet to formally employ a st
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23

Teng, Andrea. "Toward a reconciled and integrated EU Emissions Trading Scheme? : a case study of United Kingdom, Germany and Poland." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760901.

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Анотація:
Since the EU-ETS was placed at the centre of EU climate governance in 2003,its influence has not been restricted to environmental policy but has spread to theeconomic and political domains. But its implementation remains blocked even after the EU revised it by the Climate and Energy Package (CEP). The larger problem is, the ‘East-West’ split toward the revised EU-ETS triggered by the ambitious but ‘missions complicated’ CEP and diffused to energy governance, which put EU's climate governance into the deadlock (Wettestad, 2014). Skjærseth and Wettestad (2009, 2010) argued that the revised EU-ET
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24

Bond, Meghan Shae. "Grassroots Climate Action in Australia: Visions, Practices and Innovation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366826.

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Анотація:
Australian grassroots action on climate change is a recent phenomenon. Climate change as an issue of concern entered the Australian political landscape and national psyche later than in countries like the United Kingdom and some Western European nations, but since then there has been a surge of climate action. In 2007, the first ‘climate election’ was held, followed by many other headline-grabbing events including a proposed (but axed) nationwide emissions trading scheme and an implemented carbon price scheme. Coinciding and co-evolving has been a grassroots layer of the climate movement. This
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25

Aufenanger, Vanessa [Verfasser]. "Challenges of a common climate policy. An analysis of the development of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme / Vanessa Aufenanger." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027392547/34.

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26

Löschel, Ralf [Verfasser], and S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Berninghaus. "The European emissions trading scheme under imperfect competition : an economic analysis of the institutional framework / Ralf Löschel. Betreuer: S. Berninghaus." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1014100046/34.

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27

Govea, Buendia Jose Agustin. "Can Mexico meet the renewable energy targets under the emission trading scheme? : An analysis of the Mexican electricity framework." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244461.

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Анотація:
The Mexican power sector has started an ambitious transition since 2013 to open the sector to private investors. Constitutional amendments envisage a cleaner electricity sector, setting goals for renewable energy  share  in  the  electricity  mix  respectively  35%  by  2024,  40%  by  2035,  and  50%  by  2050.  Simultaneously, Mexico has set targets to reduce GHG emissions including among others, the electricity sector. To achieve these goals, the Mexican government has recently announced the implementation of a mandatory Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). The study investigated the impact of ad
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28

Trautmann, Thomas. "Environmental investment decisions under regulatory uncertainty : an analysis of corporate responses to regulatory uncertainty in the European Emission Trading scheme /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17291.

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29

Zelená, Vladimíra. "Komparace emisního obchodovacího systému EU a programu kyselého deště v USA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9233.

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Анотація:
The thesis focuses on comparison of emission trading of the European Union (European Union Emission Trading Scheme) which trades with carbon dioxide allowances and emission trading of the United States of America (Acid Rain Program) which trade with sulphur dioxide allowances. Despite of using same mechanisms and principles, these systems brought diverse results -- mostly because of different implementation of key parameters. The thesis which concerns with both of these systems is trying to find the major reasons of unsuccessful implementation of the European Union trading and the most importa
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30

Jochem, Patrick. "A CO2 emission trading scheme for German road transport assessing the impacts using a meso economic model with multi-agent attributes." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996210792/04.

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31

Nwaogu, Chidinma C. P. "What are the challenges faced by the Australian emissions trading scheme and are there any lessons to be learned from the EU ETS?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505603.

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32

Jochem, Patrick. "A CO 2 emission trading scheme for German road transport : assessing the impacts using a meso economic model with multi-agent attributes /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018655861&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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33

Dahlquist, Jennifer, and Ida Haataja. "Utsläppsrätter : Påverkas redovisningen av anglosaxisk och kontinental redovisningstradition?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10397.

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Växthuseffekten är idag ett välkänt fenomen. För inte så länge sedan skrev 195 länder på klimatavtalet i Paris, ett avtal som slår fast att länderna tillsammans ska arbeta mot målet att hålla den globala uppvärmningen under 2 grader Celsius. Redan före ingåendet av detta avtal fanns åtgärder som syftade till att minska den globala uppvärmningen. Införandet av utsläppsmarknaden är en sådan åtgärd. Denna marknad bygger på att man med hjälp av ekonomiska incitament påverkar företag att minska sina utsläpp. Om företag inte kan minska sina utsläpp står de inför stora kostnader. Hela idén med utsläp
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34

Fernando, Sánchez Miñaur Fernando Sánchez Miñaur. "Carbon pricing and the impact on financial markets." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258408.

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Анотація:
Responsible investing has become a trend throughout financial markets. As World’s economies pledge to decrease the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, environmental policies like carbon pricing (CP) are expected to be strengthened; the above is attributed to the effort of internalizing the environmental costs of the current economic system. In the same context where asset owners have been demanding to the private sector for greater coverage of Environmental Social Governance (ESG) issues, understanding exposure and risk to carbon taxation and emission trading schemes (ETS) could be a maj
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35

Trotignon, Raphaël. "In search of the carbon price : The european CO2 emission trading scheme : from ex ante and ex post analysis to the protection in 2020." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090052.

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Cette thèse est une évaluation des deux premières phases du Système Communautaire d’Echange de Quotas d’Emission (SCEQE). Il s'articule autour de la construction progressive d'un modèle de simulation, ZEPHYR-Flex, qui vise à reproduire les évolutions du prix et des émissions observés entre 2005 et 2012, et à les projeter jusqu'en 2020 sous différentes séries d'hypothèses. L'analyse ex post des huit premières années du système révèle que, pour comprendre son évolution, il est nécessaire d'étudier en détail le rôle joué par trois mécanismes de flexibilité: les échanges de quotas, la flexibilité
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36

Sonntag, Sebastian. "Bilanzierung von Emissionsrechten: Literaturrecherche und empirische Untersuchung europäischer Unternehmen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135892.

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Анотація:
Im Jahr 2005 wurde als Reaktion auf die Unterzeichnung des Kyoto-Protokolls und der damit verbundenen Verpflichtung zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen der europäische Emissionshandel eingeführt. Versuche der Standardsetter für IFRS und US GAAP zu einer einheitlichen Bilanzierungsregel für Emissionsrechte scheiterten. Seitdem stehen den beteiligten Unternehmen speziell bei Ansatz und Bewertung von Emissionsrechten sowie der Verbindlichkeit für verursachte Emissionen Wahlrechte zur Verfügung. Da unterschiedliche Bilanzierungsansätze zu verschiedenen Resultaten beispielsweise in der Gewinn-
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37

Sonntag, Sebastian. "Bilanzierung von Emissionsrechten: Literaturrecherche und empirische Untersuchung europäischer Unternehmen." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27687.

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Анотація:
Im Jahr 2005 wurde als Reaktion auf die Unterzeichnung des Kyoto-Protokolls und der damit verbundenen Verpflichtung zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen der europäische Emissionshandel eingeführt. Versuche der Standardsetter für IFRS und US GAAP zu einer einheitlichen Bilanzierungsregel für Emissionsrechte scheiterten. Seitdem stehen den beteiligten Unternehmen speziell bei Ansatz und Bewertung von Emissionsrechten sowie der Verbindlichkeit für verursachte Emissionen Wahlrechte zur Verfügung. Da unterschiedliche Bilanzierungsansätze zu verschiedenen Resultaten beispielsweise in der Gewinn-
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38

Norberg, Martina, and Ladan Sharifian. "EU:s system för handel med utsläppsrätter i Sverige : En intervjustudie om några svenska energibolags och myndigheters uppfattning och agerande." Thesis, Linköping University, The Tema Institute, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6804.

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Анотація:
<p>Den 1 januari 2005, startades det europeiska handelssystemet med utsläppsrätter. Handelssystemet avser att minska</p><p>koldioxidutsläppen inom Europa, för att fullfölja åtagandet i Kyotoprotokollet. I Sverige har flera sektorer påverkats</p><p>av handeln med utsläppsrätter bl.a. energisektorn, som står i fokus för denna studie.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur de större och mindre energibolagen samt de ansvariga myndigheterna i</p><p>Sverige uppfattar systemet för handel med utsläppsrätter. För att uppfylla syftet formulerades ett antal</p><p>frågeställningar om hur energibola
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39

Sabová, Katarína. "Analysis of the European energy industry with focus on the impact of the CO2 reduction measures." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125095.

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The goal of this diploma thesis was to create a comprehensive overview of the recent devel-opment in the fight against the climate change in European Union and complement it with evidence on how the CO2 reduction measures impacted the energy industry. Firstly, the ener-gy industry of the European Union is introduced with its basic characteristics. Information on the climate change and on actions that have been established so far in order to fight the cli-mate change is also provided. Next, the theoretical knowledge from the environmental eco-nomics is presented together with the various concep
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40

Rodenberg, Ballweg Julie. "Testing the afforestation reservation price of small forest landowners in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7536.

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The estimation of afforestation reservation prices for small landowners in New Zealand has not been the subject of much research despite its importance in predicting future land use. Reservation prices for planting represent the minimum payment a landowner must receive before converting land from agriculture to forest. A survey of 728 landowners from every region of New Zealand who own between 20 and 200 hectares of forest as well as other unplanted land used for agriculture were surveyed about forestland, forest land owner demographics, ownership objectives, silviculture and reservation price
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41

Tomás, Rogério António Ferreira. "Avaliação do impacto do plano nacional de atribuição de licenças de emissão na indústria química portuguesa." Master's thesis, ISEG, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22171.

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MESTRADO EM GESTÃO E ESTRATÉGIA INDUSTRIAL.<br>As alterações climáticas que se fazem sentir no planeta devem-se em parte ao chamado Efeito de Estufa, provocadas na sua grande maioria por emissões para a atmosfera de gases provenientes da actividade humana, nomeadamente, actividades económicas. Com o objectivo de combater estas alterações climáticas, foi assinado em 1997 o Protocolo de Quioto à Convenção Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre as Alterações Climáticas, tendo a União Europeia e os seus Estados-Membros assumido o compromisso de redução global de 8% das emissões de Gases com Efeito d
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42

Zamorano-Ford, Jorge. "Essays on environmental regulation under imperfect competition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E057.

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Cette thèse couvre deux sujets : le dessin des permis à polluer et la gestion des déchets. Le premier chapitre analyse la mise en œuvre des permis à polluer. Le chapitre se concentre sur les impacts de la distribution liés à la sévérité de l’allocation gratuite basée sur la production courante quand deux secteurs sont couverts par le marché des permis et le plafond reste constant. Un nouveau type d’augmentation des profits dans les secteurs qui ne sont pas exposés à la concurrence internationale a été démontré théoriquement. Le deuxième chapitre traite la question de la différenciation de l’al
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43

Leclerc, Thomas. "Les mesures correctives des émissions aériennes de gaz à effet de serre : Contribution à l'étude des interactions entre les ordres juridiques en droit international public." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0751/document.

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La recherche d'une mesure mondiale et corrective des émissions de gaz à effet de serreafin de réduire l'impact de l'activité aérienne internationale sur les changements climatiques a étéconfrontée à l'émergence d'obstacles, sous forme de conflits de normes, liés au défi général del'interaction entre le droit international de l'aviation civile, le droit international des changementsclimatiques et le droit de l'Union européenne. La conciliation des normes matérielles etinstitutionnelles concernées, sur la base d'une interprétation évolutive de la convention de Chicago,est alors apparue comme l'u
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44

Wardley, Neale. "The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Journey: Finding the Balance between Acceptance, Effectiveness and Emissions Reduction." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42035/.

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For over a decade this study followed designs for emissions trading schemes (ETS) that have emerged in response to global warming. An ETS is considered a cost-effective instrument to mitigate pollution (UNFCCC, 2006). Early in this study indications were that several operational ETSs struggled to achieve their emission reduction goals. Considering this problem, the study looks at the competing constraints of acceptance, effectiveness, and emissions reduction. The parameters of an ETS can be adjusted in relation to these constraints and the study also considers the alignment of nine design fac
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45

Maina, Peter Njuguna. "Recognition, measurement and reporting for cap and trade schemes in the agricultural sector." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21522.

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The pressing global demand to transform to a low-carbon business community, which is required by the urgency of mitigating climate change, significantly alters the operating procedures for carbon emitters and carbon revenue generators alike. Although agricultural activities are not considered as heavy carbon emission source, the increased public focus on climate change has catapulted the exploitation of sustainable agricultural land management mitigating strategies as intervention by the sector. Additionally, the focus on market-based mechanism to address climate change, which has led to the e
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46

Lo, I.-tzu, and 駱憶慈. "A Study of Legal Issues for Emission Trading Scheme:Focused on Establishing Emission Trading Scheme." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64999100296842864381.

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碩士<br>東吳大學<br>法律學系<br>99<br>Because the emissions of massively greenhouse gas, global warming is getting worse and worse. Global warming directly impacts the flora and fauna, as well as the survival of mankind; moreover, it threatens the Earth's natural ecology and cultural environment. Global warming not only leads to an extreme change of the environment, but also becomes a threat of the human beings. Therefore, the global warming has become a climate issue to be sought out urgently, and environmental issue has become one of the key subjects between international communities. In order to
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47

Chang, Wei-Ju, and 張瑋儒. "EU Climate Governance:The Policy Decision of Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23172221000545391045.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>政治學研究所<br>99<br>In the field of global environmental politic, European Union plays a crucial role. This study aims to investigate EU climate governance through the perspective of multi-level governance, using Emission Trading Scheme as case study. The policy-forming process of ETS can be analyzed in national, supranational and transnational levels. Three characteristics of EU climate governance are revealed by multi-level analysis. The first characteristic would be multi-actor, which means that the policy is formed by numbers of agents containing EU institutions, national gov
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48

Hsu, Ching-Cheih, and 許靖傑. "Study of Emission Trading Scheme in Taiwan under Globalization." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65691717851665802831.

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碩士<br>中原大學<br>財經法律研究所<br>104<br>This paper discusses what kinds of reduction strategies and means for Greenhouse gases do we select in Taiwan . And under globalization could it achieve the reduction target and development of the national economy. In the second chapter , based on an understanding of globalization to discuss characteristics and implications of globalization , then makes a link on environmental issues to explain the difficulty of governance on cross-regional environmental problems. And take as an example the United Nations Convention on Climate Change to explain Greenhouse gas r
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49

Chen, Yi-Jun, and 陳怡君. "A Study on Proper Legal Design of Emissions Trading Scheme in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99079579484860847692.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>科技法律研究所<br>100<br>The term “emissions trading” simply refers to a tradeable-permit system in which a greenhouse gases emitter (a firm or country) can buy and sell permission to emit a certain amount of emissions from or to other emitters who are below or above their limits. Emissions trading was proposed as a legal instrument designed to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions at the Rio Summit in 1992. Its principal advantage is that it provides first for a stabilization of global pollution levels, and subsequently for a gradual reduction in the total global level. Emissions
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50

Wang, Wen-Shiang, and 王文祥. "A Study of Unit Commitment under Cap Carbon Emission Trading Scheme." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93810857850322541564.

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博士<br>元智大學<br>工業工程與管理學系<br>97<br>Traditionally, the Unit Commitment (UC) strategy of operating dispatch in power system is mainly concerned with the economic dispatch. However, because global warming is becoming more and more serious, it has become an important task to control greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol, an agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, was adopted in 1997, and the Carbon Cap-and-Trade (CCT) concept is applied to the enforcement of reducing carbon emissions and the mechanism of emissions trading; the Kyoto Protocal is therefore become
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