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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Énergie biomécanique"
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Дисертації з теми "Énergie biomécanique"
Hayot, Chris. "Analyse biomécanique 3D de la marche humaine : comparaison des modèles mécaniques." Poitiers, 2010. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/79a24c44-5587-4172-abb4-2eb7651d6ce5.
Повний текст джерелаSimplified mechanical models of gait aim to analyze the walker behavior leaning upon the whole body center of mass trajectory. The purpose of this work was to (i) study the accuracy of those models in relation to the multilink modelling ; and (ii) propose a more realistic simplified mechanical model of human gait. A preliminary study of the gait determinants theory was realized. The respective contribution of gait determinants was firstly evaluated on the center of mass trajectory. Secondly, we evaluated their influence on the ground reaction force. Considering the results of this study, an original simplified mechanical model was proposed to simulate the 3D center of mass trajectory : the 3D Extended Inverted Pendulum (EIP3D) model. An energetic-mechanical analysis of different simplified mechanical models extended this study. First, the analysis was based on the center of mass trajectory, getting onto the mathematical formulation of external mechanical energy and external work. The study of internal forces applied to the multilink system then proceeded the energetic-mechanical analysis of gait. From the Kinetic Energy Theorem, different formulations of the internal work calculation were presented. This chapter underlined the significance to dissociate positive work from negative work to approach the actual energetic-mechanical cost of human gait
Bernard, Julien. "Évaluation du profil biomécanique du coureur cycliste." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2261/document.
Повний текст джерелаNumerous studies investigated and still investigate pedaling motion in cycling from a biomechanical point of view. These studies involve various fields, like technologic for improving the material which has considerably evolved, physiologic for physical capacities and energy efficiencies' improvement according to pedaling styles, and biomechanics for motion's expertise and pedaling efficiency in particularly. This work takes part in the last scientific field: the biomechanics of movement.This work received a call for proposals of the AFLD (Agence Française de la Lutte contre le Dopage) in order to: "[SIC] rearm regarding doping by adopting original and practical approaches, considering scientific environment of doped athletes" by focusing on the themes of "[SIC] Work, power and energy efficiency".In this context, the general objective of this work is the biomechanical evaluation of cyclist's profile in laboratory conditions. For this, an experimental platform has been validated and allowed us to follow two central issues i) How is created the force produced to the pedal? ii) What can be expected from a mechanical energy evaluation of pedaling motion? These two points are discussed through incremental protocol tests as required by the French Cycling Federation. The results were obtained on a cohort of Elite cyclists
Louvet, Sylvain. "Analyse couplée de paramètres mécaniques, physiologiques et respiratoires au cours de tests d'effort de longue durée sur ergocycle instrumenté." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2263.
Повний текст джерелаThe coupling between solid mechanics and respiratory physiology, is classically represented by the linear relation between power output (P) and oxygen uptake ((VO2. We examine these 2 parameters, by characterizing P with internal power (PFint). Pfint and VO2 are separately studied in order to seek the specific information brought by each one of these parameters. The analysis of the mechanical and respiratory data, collected into simultaneous, shows the personalization of the locomotor strategy and the respiratory strategy. We defined 2 types of coupling : by seeking a linear relation associated the concept of output (however this concept, that it is associated with energy or effectiveness, appears inoperative) ; by separately studying each mechanical or physiological parameter like the answer, in control and regulation with an instruction in power (by bringing these results face to face, this method reveals types of unexplored couplings)
Campana, Sophie. "Evaluation des relations entre propriétés biomécaniques et imagerie : étude in vitro du disque intervertébral." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001306.
Повний текст джерелаWagner, Delphine. "Quantification et modélisation des forces et des moments appliqués à l'intérieur des attaches orthodontiques placées sur une arcade dentaire dans les trois dimensions de l'espace." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD020/document.
Повний текст джерелаProlonged forces are applied on the teeth by orthodontie deviees, using arch wires inserted into brackets, leading to the orthodontie teeth movements. This displacement is the result of biomechanics but also the biological responses of the surrounding periodontal tissues. Our aim is to quantify the forces and moments applied on the orthodontie brackets, during the insertion of a shape memory alloy, at the scale of a three-dimensional dental arch. Our work presents a protocol combining experimentation and numerical modelling. This innovative methodology enables measuring the forces and moments applied during the first stage of an orthodontie treatment, when a 0.014-inch nickel-titanium arch wire is inserted into a maxillary arch. This first step will help in the definition of individualized treatments, applying the necessarymechanical forces without being iatrogenic
Bouzid, Asma. "Conception de micro-générateur piézoélectrique pour des micro-dispositifs médicaux autonomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS106.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to develop an integrated and autonomous system using piezoelectric technology for both actuation and energy harvesting. We have applied this configuration in a Lab on Chip (LOC) designed for medical and environmental applications. This LOC is used for monitoring pollutants and toxins in water or air samples. To ensure its optimal functionality, the LOC must integrate three key components: a fluidic system, a detection system, and a power supply system. The combination of these essential elements results in a fully autonomous and integrated device. This research work focuses on the establishment of two systems: the fluidic system and the power supply system. Within the first system, a piezoelectric membrane micropump has been studied through theoretical analyses and simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics, confirming the design's capability to pump significant flows of two types of fluids, namely gases and liquids. The results of this study demonstrated that the micropump can operate at low voltages while handling substantial flow rates, reaching up to several tens of microliters. This capability addresses the fluid quantity requirements necessary for circulation in the detection area of the Lab on Chip system. An energy requirement of the order of milliwatts has been calculated for the proper functioning of the micropump and its associated electronic modules. To meet the system's energy demands, a piezoelectric microgenerator has also been developed. This device converts biomechanical energy generated by knee flexion into electrical energy through a piezoelectric beam attached to the back of the knee. During walking, the flexion of the knee transforms into electrical energy, which is then rectified by an AC-DC circuit, making this power usable by the system's electronic components. The results obtained from this conversion indicate that the generated power levels increase with the intensity of knee flexion, reaching values in the tens of milliwatts, which fall within the necessary range to ensure continuous and real-time operation of the fluidic system. This approach contributes to the realization of an integrated and autonomous system, optimized both in terms of energy efficiency and functionality
Tayba, Ahmad. "Amélioration de la partie supérieure du robot HYDROïD pour les tâches bi-manuelles et la manipulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV102/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy thesis aims at contributing to the development and improvement of the upper body of HYDROïD robot for bi-manual tasks, while basing on a bio-mechanical study of this part of the human being. To reach our major goal, this work adopts, at first, a novel hybrid structure of 4 degrees of freedom (DOF) for the trunk of the robot, distributed in three DOF at the lumbar level and one DOF at the thoracic level. This structure was identified after an analysis of the work-space of a multi-body model feigning the vertebral column of a human being, and an optimization study of that model allowing the synthesis of the envisaged structure. Secondly, an improvement of the kinematics of the robor arm was organized, by introducing the notion of the shoulder complex in the present structure. The choice of this new degree of freedom was the fruit of a systematic approach to increase the anthropomorphism geometry of the arm wished towards a humanitarian arm of the same size.The two proposed structures crossed afterward by the mechanical design phase while respecting all the geometrical constraints and by using the hydraulic energy as being the type of actuation of these systems. Finally, the Inverse Geometrical Model (IGM) for the generic solution of the trunk was established and its adaptation to our particular case was identified. An optimized solution for this mechanism based on 2 various criteria was then given