Книги з теми "Energy-Constrained"

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1

Law, Tim. The Future of Thermal Comfort in an Energy- Constrained World. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00149-4.

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2

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. Funding Department of Energy research and development in a constrained budget environment: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, August 1, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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3

Centre, African Climate Policy. Fossil fuels in Africa in the context of a carbon constrained future. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: United Nations, Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.

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4

Du, Hongtao. Energy-constrained Microsensor Platform- Platform. VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller e.K., 2007.

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5

Law, Tim. Future of Thermal Comfort in an Energy- Constrained World. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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6

Law, Tim. The Future of Thermal Comfort in an Energy- Constrained World. Springer, 2015.

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7

Flat, Victor Byers, Alfonso López De la Osa Escribano, and Aubin Nzaou-Kongo. Energy Law and Policy in a Climate-Constrained World. Westphalia Press, 2022.

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8

Flat, Victor Byers, Alfonso López De la Osa Escribano, and Aubin Nzaou-Kongo. Energy Law and Policy in a Climate-Constrained World. Westphalia Press, 2022.

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9

Ahmed, Irfan. Cooperative communications for energy constrained wireless networks: Energy efficient communication in sensor networks. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011.

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10

Moriarty, Patrick, and Damon Honnery. Switching Off: Meeting Our Energy Needs in a Constrained Future. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2022.

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11

Ahmad, Ali, Thanh Thi Thanh Bui, Mohammed Qaradaghi, and Wael Mansour. A Tale of Two Transitions: Iraq’s Energy Sector and Macroeconomic Stability in a Climate-Constrained World. World Bank, Washington DC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/39608.

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12

Lucas, Alastair R., and Chidinma B. Thompson. Transition to a Low-Carbon Energy Economy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0003.

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Technology and markets are frequently discussed as the key drivers of the transition to low-carbon economy. Little attention is being given to the role of law. Yet policy and technological innovation directed towards low-carbon energy goals can be both supported and constrained by the legal context. The example of Canada shows how legal systems founded on the rule of law constrain ways in which innovation can occur, based on international law, constitutional law, common law, and legislation. However, new energy policies that are implemented by innovative statutes can support and facilitate technological innovation to address the impacts of climate change.
13

GOVERNMENT, US. Funding Department of Energy research and development in a constrained budget environment: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of ... Congress, second session, August 1, 1996. For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1996.

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14

(WHO), World Health Organization. Access to Modern Energy Services for Health Facilities in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Review of Status, Significance, Challenges and Measurement. World Health Organization, 2014.

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15

Rez, Peter. The Simple Physics of Energy Use. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802297.001.0001.

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In industrially developed countries, energy is used primarily for three things—maintaining a comfortable environment in buildings, transporting people and goods and manufacturing products. Each accounts for about one-third of the total primary energy use. Controlling the indoor temperature accounts for most of the energy use in buildings. Therefore, this strongly depends on the local climate. Electricity accounts for a high proportion of the energy transfer in developed countries. The problem is that electricity cannot easily be stored, and that supply therefore has to match demand. This makes the use of intermittent renewables such as solar and wind particularly challenging. Transportation efficiency can be measured by the energy used to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance, but there is also the journey time to consider. Transportation, with the exception of trains, is constrained by the energy density and convenience of fuels, and it is hard to beat liquid hydrocarbons as fuels. Materials that are dug out of the earth are nearly always oxides, but we want the element itself. The reduction process inevitably uses energy and produces carbon dioxide. Even growing crops requires energy in addition to that provided by sunlight. A meat-based diet requires significantly higher energy inputs than a vegetarian diet. Growing crops for fuel is a poor use of land, the problem being that crops do not grow fast enough. Policy should ultimately be based on what works from a physics and engineering viewpoint, and not on legislation that mandates the use of favoured renewable energy sources.
16

Hira, Anil. Political Economy of Energy in the Southern Cone. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400697951.

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Hira explores the impact of the neoliberal revolution in Latin America, which claims the superiority of markets that are freed from government intervention and restrictions on trade and investment. He examines changes in the energy policy of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay) and finds that, contrary to what is claimed and expected, there is a great deal of state intervention that continues through regulatory policy. All around the world, economic markets are in flux. Policies to change these markets are part of the neoliberal revolution that claims the superiority of markets freed from government intervention and restrictions on trade and investment. The general conclusion among most academic and policy analysts who study developing countries is that market liberalization is a foregone conclusion. Developing countries' choices are constrained by two primary factors: first, the burden of massive external debt that forces them to court international finance, and second, the need to gain access to the world's largest markets in Europe and/or the United States, optimally through free trade agreements. The effects of market liberalization, including deregulation, privatization, and integration, require further scrutiny. Hira examines the effects of international market pressures on energy policy at the national, regional, and sectoral levels in Latin America's Southern Cone—Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay—who belong to the MERCOSUR common market. Contrary to what is claimed and expected, he finds that a great deal of state intervention continues through regulatory policy. He also provides an thorough set of comparative political economy case studies, along with a discussion of the MERCOSUR process with regards to energy. His analysis of the political economy of electricity and natural gas deregulation is especially relevant in the wake of the California energy crisis, the Enron debacle, and international discussions about energy deregulation. This book is of particular interest to scholars, students, and other researchers involved with Latin American economic development and energy policy.
17

United States Congress House Committe. Funding Department of Energy Research and Development in a Constrained Budget Environment: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U. S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session,. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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18

Barth, Susanne, Gail Taylor, Michael Jones, Donal Murphy-Bokern, and Olena Kalinina. Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World. Springer, 2016.

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19

Barth, Susanne, Gail Taylor, Michael Jones, Donal Murphy-Bokern, and Olena Kalinina. Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World. Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.

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20

Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World. Springer, 2017.

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21

Sioshansi, Fereidoon. Generating Electricity in a Carbon-Constrained World. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2009.

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22

Ham, David A., Tobias Schwedes, Simon W. Funke, and Matthew D. Piggott. Mesh Dependence in PDE-Constrained Optimisation: An Application in Tidal Turbine Array Layouts. Springer, 2017.

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23

Thompson, William R., and Leila Zakhirova. The Netherlands: Not Quite the First Modern Economy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699680.003.0006.

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Анотація:
In this chapter, we look at four cases: Genoa, Venice, Portugal, and the Netherlands. Genoa, Venice, and Portugal acted as transitional agents over a five- to six-hundred-year period, creating sea power and trading regimes to move Asian commodities and innovations to and from European markets. While Genoa and Venice were primarily Mediterranean-centric, Portugal led the breakthrough from the constraints of the inland sea and inaugurated Europe’s Atlantic focus. None of these actors possessed the power of China nor subsequent global actors, but for their age, they were critical technological leaders, providing a technological bridge from the eastern zone of Eurasia to the western zone. The Netherlands fits into this narrative by combining Baltic and Atlantic activities to construct a European trade regime that greatly overshadowed the earlier transitional efforts. Buttressed by the development of agrarian and industrial technology and a heavy reliance on peat and wind as energy sources, the Dutch case seems idiosyncratic. Most critically, its energy transition was only partial. Although the Netherlands made clear advances in some power-driven machinery and technological innovation , the heat and energy that were expended remained constrained by the inherent limitations of the energy sources.
24

Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Matter in curved spacetime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0043.

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This chapter is concerned with the laws of motion of matter—particles, fluids, or fields—in the presence of an external gravitational field. In accordance with the equivalence principle, this motion will be ‘free’. That is, it is constrained only by the geometry of the spacetime whose curvature represents the gravitation. The concepts of energy, momentum, and angular momentum follow from the invariance of the solutions of the equations of motion under spatio-temporal translations or rotations. The chapter shows how the action is transformed, no longer under a modification of the field configuration, but instead under a displacement or, in the ‘passive’ version, under a translation of the coordinate grid in the opposite direction.
25

Toprani, Anand. Oil and the Great Powers. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834601.001.0001.

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During the first half of the twentieth century, a lack of oil constrained Britain and Germany from exerting their economic and military power independently. Having fought World War I with oil imported from the United States, Britain was determined to avoid relying upon another great power for its energy needs ever again. Even before the war had ended, Whitehall began implementing a strategy of developing alternative sources of oil under British control. Britain’s key supplier would be the Middle East—already a region of vital importance to the British Empire, but one whose oil potential was still unproven. There turned out to be plenty of oil in the Middle East, but Italian hostility after 1935 threatened British transit through the Mediterranean. As war loomed in 1939, Britain’s quest for independence from the United States was a failure. Germany was in an even worse position than Britain. The Third Reich went to war dependent on petroleum synthesized from coal, meager domestic crude oil production, and overland imports—primarily from Romania. German leaders were confident, however, that they had sufficient oil to fight a series of short, localized campaigns that would deliver to them the mastery of Europe. Their plan derailed following Germany’s swift victory over France, when Britain refused to make peace. This left Germany responsible for satisfying Europe’s oil requirements while cut off from world markets. A looming energy crisis in Axis Europe, an absence of strategic alternatives, and ideological imperatives all compelled Germany to invade the Soviet Union in 1941—a decision that ultimately sealed its fate.
26

Horta, Ana, and Anabela Carvalho. Climate Change Communication in Portugal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.599.

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In Portugal, global politics tend to dominate climate change communication. Policy-oriented news stories prevail, being very much influenced by international events, dynamics, and actors, especially European ones, whereas national politicians and officials tend to be given less space. Climate change is thus mainly (re)presented as a global issue, distant from local realities, in spite of the vulnerabilities that the country faces. National policy makers tend to adopt a technocratic discourse that comes across as “rational” and fairly optimistic, with little contestation by environmental groups or others. A “green economy” discourse has prevailed in the media, with investment on renewable energy being depicted as the way to both stimulating the economy and addressing climate change. Scientific knowledge tends to be represented as consensual and national scientists tend to avoid dramatization. Although public opinion surveys have shown that the population considers climate change a serious problem and skepticism regarding its anthropogenic causes is low, surveys have also revealed high levels of ignorance and self-evaluated lack of information. In spite of a traditionally weak environmental movement and lack of public engagement, the population has shown a consistent sense of collective responsibility to tackle climate change. The economic and financial crisis up until the mid-2010s considerably affected the already fragile media system and turned political and public attention to economy-related topics. News coverage of climate change, in all its complexity, has been constrained by a lack of specialized reporters and increased dependency on the pro-activity of news sources.

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