Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Enriched biomass"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Enriched biomass".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Enriched biomass":
1
Mogedas, B., E. Forján, M. Cuaresma, I. Garbayo, J. M. Vega, and C. Vílchez. "Production of lutein-enriched microalgal biomass." New Biotechnology 25 (September 2009): S297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.677.
2
Borges, Marana Sandini, Ana Paula Biz, Angélica Patrícia Bertolo, Luciola Bagatini, Elisandra Rigo, and Darlene Cavalheiro. "Enriched cereal bars with wine fermentation biomass." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 101, no. 2 (August 16, 2020): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10664.
3
Skřivan, M., V. Skřivanová, G. Dlouhá, I. Brányiková, V. Zachleder, and M. Vítová. "The use of selenium-enriched alga Scenedesmus quadricauda in a chicken diet." Czech Journal of Animal Science 55, No. 12 (December 20, 2010): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2480-cjas.
Анотація:
The selenium-enriched Scenedesmus biomass of patented selenium-resistant strain SeIV was tested in a broiler chicken diet in comparison with sodium selenite supplementation. Feed conversion, mortality and live weight were not significantly influenced by the source of selenium. Supplementation of either form of selenium significantly increased the Se concentration in breast muscle with a more pronounced effect (P < 0.001) caused by selenium enriched Scenedesmus (635 μg/kg DM, 229 μg/kg DM in control). Breast meat of chickens fed a diet with sodium selenite or Se-Scenedesmus had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher value of glutathione peroxidase activity (0.329 μmol/g, 0.361 μmol/g) compared to the basal diet (0.190 μmol/g). The inclusion of Se-Scenedesmus biomass in the diet enhanced (P = 0.021) oxidative stability of meat expressed as reduced malondialdehyde in breast meat after 10-day cooler storage. Se-enriched Scenedesmus can be a good source of organic selenium for the production of Se-enriched chicken meat for further use in human diets. Furthermore, the Se-resistant strain SeIV was found advantageous for its fast and easy production of Se-enriched biomass.
4
Donato, Nilcimelly Rodrigues, Alexandre José De Melo Queiroz, Rossana Maria Feitosa de Figueirêdo, Regilane Marques Feitosa, Inacia Dos Santos Moreira, and José Franciraldo de Lima. "Production of Cookies Enriched With Spirulina platensis Biomass." Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, no. 2 (November 10, 2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i4.15483.
Анотація:
Spirulina platensis is a cyanobacterium that can be consumed by humans, for its high contents of proteins and nutraceutical compounds. This study aimed to develop cookies mixed with S. platensis for nutritional enrichment purposes. The study conducted quality control analyses and elaborated formulations of cookies with different contents of S. platensis (0, 5, 10 and 15%), which were subjected to physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses. In the cookies, the increase of S. platensis percentage led to increment in protein percentage, besides increments in minerals, compared with the cookie produced with only refined wheat flour. Cookies with 15% of S. platensis (F5) stood out regarding the percentages of protein and minerals, and were similar to the whole cookies with respect to the minerals; lipids and highest energetic value were observed in the standard cookies. Cookies mixed with 5% of S. platensis and standard cookies were preferred with the same score, indicating a possible acceptance in the market.
5
Lemes, Ailton Cesar, Katiuchia Pereira Takeuchi, João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho, and Eliane Dalva Godoy Danesi. "Fresh pasta production enriched with Spirulina platensis biomass." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 55, no. 5 (October 2012): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132012000500014.
6
Pieniz, Simone, Robson Andreazza, Jamile Queiroz Pereira, Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo, and Adriano Brandelli. "Production of Selenium-Enriched Biomass by Enterococcus durans." Biological Trace Element Research 155, no. 3 (September 14, 2013): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9818-1.
7
Jelínek, Lukáš, Gita Procházková, Cristina Quintelas, Eliška Beldíková, and Tomáš Brányik. "Chlorella vulgaris biomass enriched by biosorption of polyphenols." Algal Research 10 (July 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.04.006.
8
Rabelo, Samantha Ferreira, Ailton Cesar Lemes, Katiuchia Pereira Takeuchi, Marcela Tostes Frata, João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho, and Eliane Dalva Godoy Danesi. "Development of cassava doughnuts enriched with Spirulina platensis biomass." Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 16, no. 1 (March 5, 2013): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-67232013005000001.
Анотація:
The cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis has been cultivated in a fed batch process with urea as the nitrogen source, in order to obtain dehydrated biomass for incorporation into food, aiming at nutritional enrichment and the production of a functional character, due to the amount of proteins, vitamins and several bioactive compounds found in this cyanobacterium. In this study, response surface methodology was used to analyze the substitution of wheat flour by cassava in the development of doughnuts with added Spirulina platensis biomass and inverted sugar, in order to increase the rate of the Maillard's reaction and mask the green colour of the biomass. The formulations were evaluated in relation to their proximate, sensory and technological compositions, which, when compared to the standard formulation, without the addition of S. platensis biomass and inverted sugar, showed the feasibility of adding the biomass to bestow nutritional enrichment without significantly affecting the sensory acceptance of the product or its typical characteristics.
9
Sittisun, Poramate, Nakorn Tippayawong, and Sirivatch Shimpalee. "Gasification of Pelletized Corn Residues with Oxygen Enriched Air and Steam." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, no. 3 (October 6, 2019): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.3.215-224.
Анотація:
This work studied generation of producer gas using oxygen-enriched air and steam mixture as gasifying medium. Corn residues consisting of cobs and stover were used as biomass feedstock. Both corn residues were pelletized and gasified separately with normal air, oxygen enriched air and steam mixture in a fixed bed reactor. Effects of oxygen concentration in enriched air (21-50%), equivalence ratio (0.15-0.35), and steam to biomass ratio (0-0.8) on the yield of product gas, the combustible gas composition such as H2, CO, and CH4, the lower heating value (LHV), and the gasification efficiency were investigated. It was found that the decrease in nitrogen dilution in oxygen enriched air increased proportion of combustible gas components, improved the LHV of producer gas, but gasification efficiency was not affected. The increase in equivalence ratio favoured high product gas yield but decreased combustible gas components and LHV. It was also observed that introduction of steam enhanced H2 production but excessive steam degraded fuel gas quality and decreased gasification efficiency. The highest gasification efficiency of each oxygen concentration was at equivalence ratio of 0.3 and steam to biomass ratio of 0.58 for cob, and 0.22 and 0.68 for stover, respectively. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
10
Ginstet, P., J. M. Audic, and J. C. Block. "Chlorinated solvents cometabolism by an enriched nitrifying bacterial consortium." Water Supply 1, no. 4 (June 1, 2001): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2001.0072.
Анотація:
The biodegradability of three of the most frequently halogenated aliphatics (trichloroethene, chloroform and 1.1.1.-trichloroethane) found in drinking water aquifers by a nitrifying enriched mixed biomass was investigated during batch tests. Within this mixed biomass, ammonia oxidisers were the effective degraders. The presence of ammonia stimulated chlorocarbon biodegradation, and the presence of chlorocarbon inhibited ammonia oxidation. This contrasted phenomenon was explained by a balance between electron supply from ammonia necessary to sustain the chlorocarbon oxidation and competitive inhibition for the ammonia monooxygenase active site between both substrates. About 0.03 to 0.2% of the electrons generated by ammonia oxidation were used for chlorocarbon degradation. Trichloroethene and chloroform oxidation induced a biomass inactivation (around 30 to 40 mg of proteins inactivated per μmol of chlorocarbn oxidised). Biomass re-activation due to exergonic ammonia catabolism was estimated to 24±6 mg of proteins reactivated per mmol of ammonia oxidised in both cases. No inactivation of re-activation was observed in the case of 1.1.1-trichloroethane.
Дисертації з теми "Enriched biomass":
1
Owen, Steven Andrew. "Burnout, NO, and Flame Characterization from an Oxygen-Enriched Biomass Flame." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5263.
Анотація:
Concern for the environment and a need for more efficient energy generation have sparked a growing interest throughout the world in renewable fuels. In order to reduce emissions that negatively contribute to global warming, especially CO2, enormous efforts are being invested in technologies to reduce our impact on the environment. Biomass is an option that is considered CO2 friendly due to the consumption of CO2 upon growth. Co-firing biomass with coal offers economic advantages because of reduced capital costs as well as other positive impacts, such as NOx and SOx emission reductions. However, due to the large average particle size of biomass, issues arise such as poor flame stability and poor carbon burnout. Larger particles can also result in longer flames and different heat transfer characteristics. Oxygen enrichment is being investigated as a possible solution to mitigate these issues and enable co-firing in existing facilities. An Air Liquide designed burner was used in this work to explore the impact of oxygen enrichment on biomass flame characteristics, emissions, and burnout. Multiple biomass fuels were used (medium hardwood, fine hardwood, and straw) in conjunction with multiple burner configurations and operating conditions. Exhaust ash samples and exhaust NO were collected for various operating conditions and burner configurations. All operating parameters including O2 addition, swirl, and O2 location could be used to reduce LOI but whenever LOI was reduced, NO increased producing an NO-LOI trade-off. Starting with high LOI, various parameters such as O2 addition and increased swirl could be used to reduce LOI with only small increases of NO. As O2 or swirl increased further, small decreases in LOI were obtained only with large increases in NO. This behavior was captured through NO-LOI trade-off curves where a given configuration or operating condition was deemed better when the curve was shifted toward the origin. Global enrichment or O2 addition to the secondary stream and O2 addition to the primary stream produced better trade-off results than center O¬2 injection. Straw produced NO-LOI trade-off curves just as the wood particles but the curve was shifted further from the origin, likely due to the higher nitrogen content of the straw. Flame characterization results showed that small amounts of O2 in the center improved flame attachment and stability while increasing flame temperature and pyrolysis rates.
2
Martins, Pedro Flores. "Production of stigmasterol enriched extracts by supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable biomass." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15358.
Анотація:
Mestrado em Engenharia QuímicaThe production of stigmasterol enriched extracts from two different vegetal raw materials, Eichhornia crassipes and Moringa oleifera was assessed in this work, targeting at process optimization and economic analysis through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) Regarding E. crassipes, the optimization of the operating conditions aimed at obtaining the best combination of pressure and ethanol content that maximizes total extraction yield, total sterols extraction yield and total and individual sterols concentration in the extract. In the range of operating conditions studied (200-300 bar and 0.0-5.0% (wt.) ethanol content),the optima were found for 300 bar and 5% ethanol for total extraction yield, amounting 1.24%; and 300 bar and 2.5% ethanol for both total sterol yield and total sterols concentration, . As to disclose the rate determining step of the extraction process, six extraction curves were measured for different flow rates and ethanol content, and three simplified phenomenological models were adjusted to the experimental data, with models based in diffusion controlled assumptions providing the best fitting adequacy. For the SFE of Moringa oleifera seed oil, a techno-economic study encompassing the coproduction of oil and sterols was accomplished using the RSM-COM approach, where the costs of drying of the biomass and separating the sterols from the bulk oil were taken into account besides the supercritical fluid extraction expenses. For a SFE unit comprising two-extractors of 1 m3 capacity and operating under optimum pressure and time conditions of 350 bar and 1.3 h, respectively, the cost of manufacturing (COM) of the oil was estimated to be 2.64€ kgoil−1. For the coproduction of a sterols mixture with 89.4 wt. % purity, the minimum COMsterols= 5.11€ kgsterols−1. The overall annual production of oil and sterols under these conditions is 558.9 tons and 1.9 tons, respectively. The most favorable net income of the studied process reaches 15.94M€ year−1, showing the proposed integrated process to be feasible, and that non negligible cost synergies exist. In the whole, the study opens the way to exploit these raw materials by supercritical fluid extraction within the scope of biorefinery premises.
Neste trabalho, abordou-se a produção de extratos ricos em estigmasterol a partir de duas matérias-primas distintas por via da tecnologia de extração supercrítica, tendo como foco a otimização experimental de processo quer pela perspetiva técnica como pela económica Relativamente à espécie E. crassipes, realizou-se um estudo de otimização das condições de operação com o objetivo de encontrar a melhor combinação de pressão e quantidade de co-solvente (etanol) que maximizasse o rendimento total, rendimento de esteróis e ainda a concentração de total e individual de esteróis no extrato final. Na gama de condições estudadas (200-300 bar e 0.0-5.0% (wt.) de etanol), as condições ótimas foram obtidas para 300 bar e 5.0% de etanol, obtendo-se 1.24% de rendimento total; e 300 bar e 2.5% de etanol quer para o rendimento como para a concentração de esteróis. De modo a estudar o passo limitante no transporte de massa do processo, 4 curvas de extração foram medidas para diferentes caudais e % de co-solvente, e diferentes modelos fenomenológicos simplificados foram ajustados aos dados experimentais, tendo-se observado que os modelos baseados nas hipóteses de controlo por difusão proporcionam um melhor ajuste. Relativamente à espécie Moringa oleifera, um estudo tecno-económico abrangendo a coprodução de óleo e de esteróis foi realizado usando a abordagem de optimização (RSM) de custo de produção (COM) que incluiu o custo de secagem inicial da matéria-prima, separação final dos esteróis do óleo, para além dos custos diretamente associados ao processo de extração supercrítica. Nas condições ótimas de pressão e tempo de extração de 350 bar e 1.3h, respetivamente, COMóleo= 2.64 € kgóleo−1 para uma unidade de extração composta por dois extratores de 1m3 cada. No caso da coprodução de uma mistura de esteróis com 89.4 wt.% de pureza, o COMesteróis mínimo é de 5.11 € kgesteróis−1. Nestas condições a produção anual ascende a 558.9 tonóleo e 1.9 tonesteróis . No processo estudado, estima-se um lucro de 15.94 M€ ano−1, mostrando que o processo integrado proposto é viável e que existem sinergias económicasque não deverão ser negligenciadas. De um modo geral, este trabalho abre caminhos de exploração destas duas matérias-primas por via da extração supercrítica, no âmbito do conceito de biorefinaria.
3
Thornock, Joshua David. "Burnout, NO, Flame Temperature, and Radiant Intensity from Oxygen-Enriched Combustion of a Hardwood Biomass." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5942.
Анотація:
Increasing concern for energy sustainability has created motivation for the combustion of renewable, CO2 neutral fuels. Biomass co-firing with coal provides a means of utilizing the scaled efficiencies of coal with the lower supply availability of biomass. One of the challenges of co-firing is the burnout of biomass particles which are typically larger than coal but must be oxidized in the same residence time. Larger biomass particles also can increase the length of the radiative region and alter heat flux profiles. As a result, oxygen injection is being investigated as a means of improving biomass combustion performance.An Air Liquide designed burner was used to investigate the impact of oxygen enrichment on biomass combustion using two size distributions of ground wood pellets (fine grind 220 µm and medium grind 500 µm mass mean diameter). Flame images were obtained with a calibrated RGB digital camera allowing a calculation of visible radiative heat flux. Ash samples and exhaust NO were collected for a matrix of operating conditions with varying injection strategies. The results showed that oxygen can be both beneficial and detrimental to the flame length depending on the momentum of the oxygen jet. Oxygen injection was found to improve carbon burnout, particularly in the larger wood particles. Low flow rates of oxygen enrichment (2 to 6 kg/hr) also produced a modest increase in NO formation up to 30%. The results showed medium grind ~500 µm mass mean diameter particle combustion could improve LOI from 30% to 15% with an oxygen flow rate of 8 kg/hr. Flame images showed low flow rates of O2 (2 kg/hr) in the center of the burner with the fine particles produced a dual flame, one flame surrounding the center oxygen jet and a second flame between the volatiles and secondary air. The flame surrounding the center oxygen jet produced a very high intensity and temperature (2100 K). This center flame can be used to help stabilize the flame, increase devolatilization rates, and potentially improve the trade-off between NO and burnout.
4
Martiniano, Sabrina Evelin. "Produção de leveduras enriquecidas com selênio a partir de resíduos vegetais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97132/tde-20112017-131053/.
Анотація:
O selênio é um não metal da família 6A e um micronutriente essencial para a saúde animal e humana, com importante ação antioxidante, atuando na prevenção de diversas doenças. O consumo de biomassa de levedura enriquecida com selênio aumenta sua absorção pelo organismo e reduz o risco dos efeitos tóxicos causados pelo consumo de sua forma inorgânica, selenito de sódio. A produção de leveduras enriquecidas com selênio a partir de resíduos amiláceos e lignocelulósicos como fontes de carbono e de nitrogênio é uma alternativa de baixo custo e inovadora. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a produção de biomassa de levedura enriquecida com selênio para alimentação animal a partir de resíduos da agroindústria. Foram avaliadas sete linhagens, pertencentes às espécies Candida utilis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Rhodotorula glutinis e Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Realizaram-se estudos em cultivo submerso com selenito de sódio para avaliar os efeitos no metabolismo microbiano, com ênfase no crescimento celular e incorporação de selênio. Todas as linhagens avaliadas foram capazes de crescer e incorporar selênio, sendo que S. cerevisiae SSS41 apresentou elevada tolerância a esse composto e capacidade de crescimento em hidrolisados amiláceos, acrescidos de selênio. Entre os hidrolisados utilizados no processo fermentativo, o hidrolisado de farelo de soja apresentou elevada concentração de proteínas, não sendo necessária sua suplementação com nutrientes para que a linhagem S. cerevisiae SSS41 produzisse 7,0 g/L de biomassa celular e incorporasse 2375 ppm de selênio. Com a adição de nutrientes e de concentrações mais elevadas de selênio o crescimento celular se manteve constante, porém a incorporação de selênio foi superior a 11000 ppm. Em cultivos realizados com melaço de cana-de-açúcar o crescimento celular foi de 4,17 ± 0,24 g/L, com incorporação de 6528 ± 10 ppm de selênio. Além dos cultivos submersos, também foi realizada fermentação em estado sólido com a levedura R. glutinis CCT-2186, utilizando bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e farelo de arroz hidrolisado como substratos sólidos e hidrolisado de farelo de arroz com e sem a adição de selênio na solução umedecedora. Nos ensaios realizados, a levedura foi capaz de crescer e incorporar 6038 ± 1219 ppm de selênio. O consumo de biomassa de levedura enriquecida com selênio apresenta diversos benefícios à saúde e a utilização de resíduos agroindustriais vegetal é um processo inovador e reduz os custos de produção.Selenium is an essential micronutrient for animal and human health, with na important antioxidant role, preventing several diseases. Consumption of Se-enriched yeast biomass increases selenium absorption in the digestion process and it is less toxic than its inorganic salt, sodium selenite. The production of Se-enriched yeasts from lignocellulosic and starchy residues as carbon and nitrogen sources is na inexpensive and novel alternative. In this context, the present study aims to produce Se-enriched yeast biomass for animal feed from agroindustrial wastes. Seven yeast strains were evaluated from species Candida utilis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Rhodotorula glutinis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies were carried out in submerged culture containing sodium selenite, to verify the effects on microbial metabolism, with emphasis on cell growth and selenium incorporation. All strains evaluated were able to grow and incorporate selenium and S. cerevisiae SSS41 presented high tolerance to this compound and growth capacity in starch hydrolysates containing selenium. Among the hydrolysates used in the fermentation process, soybean bran presented a high protein concentration, and no nutriente supplementation was necessary for the production of 7.0 g/L cellular biomass and incorporation of 2375 ppm of selenium by S. cerevisiae SSS41 strain. With the addition of nutrients and higher concentrations of selenium, cell growth remained steady, but the incorporation of selenium was higher than 11000 ppm. In fermentations carried out with sugarcane molasses, the cell growth of S. cerevisiae SSS41 was 4.17 ± 0.24 g/L, incorporating 6528 ± 10 ppm of selenium. In parallel, solid-state fermentation was carried out with yeast R. glutinis CCT-2186, using sugarcane bagasse and hydrolyzed rice bran as solid substrates and rice bran hydrolyzate with and without the addition of selenium in humidifying solution. In these conditions, the yeast was able to grow and incorporate 6038 ± 1219 ppm of selenium. The consumption of selenium-enriched yeast biomass has several health benefits and the use of agro-industrial wastes is an innovative process and reduces production costs.
5
Bradáčová, Lenka. "Kokultivace kvasinek a mikrořas za účelem produkce obohacené biomasy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449728.
Анотація:
The diploma thesis is focused on the influence of biological stress formed by co-cultivation of heterotrophic (yeasts) and autotrophic (microalgae and cyanobacteria) organisms on the production of enriched biomass. The monitored groups of substances include carotenoids (-carotene, lutein, lycopene, astaxanthin, torularhodin), chlorophylls A and B, ergosterol and ubiquinone. Further, production of lipids was analyzed in the terms of fatty acid profile and lipid content in biomass. In the first part of the work, the yeast biomass production was investigated using different nitrogen sources. Glycerol was used as a carbon source in all parts of the work. Subsequently, the co-cultivation of yeasts with microalgae and cyanobacteria took place in a multicultivator with gradual increase of selected macroelements – nitrogen, magnesium and phosphorus. The last part of the work was focused on the co-cultivation of yeasts and microalgae in a laboratory fermenter. The best effect on the production of total biomass was the increased magnesium content and high nitrogen content in the basic medium. The best concentrations of carotenoids were achieved due to the double nitrogen and phosphorus content together. Chlorophyll production was significantly lower compared to carotenoids.
6
Guarda, Inês Rodrigues. "Assessment of the bioactive and nutritional potential of novel food products enriched in Cystoseira abies-marina and Skeletonema sp. biomass." Master's thesis, ISA, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19527.
Анотація:
Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaMicro and macroalgae are photosynthetic organisms of large abundance and diversity that contain a variety of compounds with high bioactivity and nutritional value. These compounds have been receiving an increasing interest of researchers due to their potentially positive effect on human health. This has also led to the development of applications for algal biomass, ranging from animal feed to cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods. The use of algae biomass in the food industry is still a new concept with the potential to produce healthy foods with added nutritional and bioactive compounds. Although there are many countless studies that support the health benefits of algae, few studies quantify the bioavailability of those nutritional compounds. In vitro digestion methods currently being used for studying the bioaccessibility of said nutrients and bioactive compounds, allowing a better understanding of how those compounds can be used. In this work two algae species, microalgae Skeletonema sp. and macroalgae Cystoseira abies-marina, that are not thoroughly studied were analysed regarding their proximal composition, lipid composition, element composition, phenolic content and relevant bioactivities, as well as their bioaccessibility, in order to understand their potential to be incorporated in food products. Two food products enriched in algae, sauce and cookies, were prepared and analysed, displaying a higher content in polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity than the control in the bioaccessible fraction. The high arsenic concentration found in the macroalgae is also observed in food products prepared with this species requiring a speciation study to assess the risk to human health. The mixture of the food ingredients with Skeletonema sp. was beneficial for the bioaccessibility of monounsaturated fats in sauces, which increased with the incorporation of the microalgae. This work reinforced that incorporating algae in food products can be advantageous, thereby paving the way for effective and marketable functional foods
N/A
7
Pickard, Samuel Colin. "Oxygen-enriched biomass combustion studies and an analysis of the development of the carbon capture and storage industry in the UK." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6391/.
Анотація:
Biomass combustion with carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS) has been identified as a key contributing technology to long-term carbon emissions reductions in many global and UK scenarios, but the development and implementation of this technology would require significant technical and non-technical barriers to be overcome. This thesis describes research undertaken to address these barriers, to contribute to the role that Bio-CCS could play in reducing carbon emissions for the UK electricity sector. Technical studies investigate the characteristics of coal and biomass combustion in atmospheres relevant to CCS at bench-scale and in a 20kW furnace. Analysis of bench-scale results, using a modified Coats-Redfern procedure, suggests oxygen-enrichment increases reactivity during the breakdown of cellulosic material and char oxidation. At 20kW scale, experiments that investigate biomass blending ratio and extent of oxidant staging conclude that, compared to air-firing of coal, cofiring in oxygen-enriched, oxidant-staged conditions results in enhanced combustion, reduced NO emissions and a flue gas richer in CO2. Cofiring of coal with 15% biomass is also carried out in partial-oxyfuel combustion atmospheres. The results suggest no major technical issues, showing biomass cofiring and oxygen-enrichment counter reductions in reactivity due to higher CO2 concentrations. However, further tests show that dedicated firing of biomass in such conditions would likely require modifications to the combustion set up. The development of an industry depends on more than its level of technological readiness. Modelled as a technical innovation system, development of Bio-CCS is gauged from the results of an expert survey on the wider UK CCS industry and analysis of relevant publications. Findings show that, as well as biomass sustainability criteria and a need to reward negative emission processes, the development of Bio-CCS is dependent on the wider CCS industry in the UK which, driven by uncertainties, has suffered due to a lack of market creation and entrepreneurship.
8
Yuzbasi, Nur Sena. "Pyrolysis And Combustion Behaviour Of Various Fuels In Oxygen-enriched Air And Co2 Atmospheres." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612944/index.pdf.
Анотація:
Oxy-fuel combustion technology, which is based on burning coal in a mixture of oxygen and recycled flue gas (RFG), is suggested as one of new promising technologies for capturing CO2 from power plants.
In this thesis study, the pyrolysis and combustion behaviour of various fuels including imported coal, petroleum coke, two different types of indigenous lignites, olive residue and their blends with different proportions in air and oxy-fuel conditions were investigated by using non-isothermal thermogravimetric method (TGA) coupled with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.
Pyrolysis tests were carried out in nitrogen and carbon dioxide environments, which are the main diluting gases of air and oxy-fuel environment, respectively. Pyrolysis results reveal that weight loss profiles are similar up to high temperature zone in both pyrolysis environments, indicating that CO2 behaves as an inert gas in this temperature range. However, further weight loss takes place in CO2 atmosphere
v
after 700oC due to CO2-char gasification reaction which is observed in pyrolysis of all fuel samples.
Combustion experiments were carried out in four different atmospheresair, oxygen-enriched air environment (30 % O2 &ndash
70 % N2), oxy-fuel environment (21 % O2 &ndash
79 % CO2) and oxygen-enriched oxy-fuel environment (30 % O2 &ndash
70 % CO2). Combustion experiments show that replacing nitrogen in the gas mixture by the same concentration of CO2 does not affect the combustion process significantly but leads to slight delay (lower weight loss rate and higher burnout temperature) in combustion. Overall comparison of weight loss profiles shows that higher oxygen content in the combustion environment is the dominant factor affecting the combustion rather than the diluting gas. As O2 concentration increases profiles shift through lower temperature zone, peak and burnout temperatures decrease, weight loss rate increases and complete combustion is achieved at lower temperatures and shorter times. Pyrolysis and combustion behaviour of three different fuel blends were also investigated. Results reveal synergistic interactions in combustion tests of all blends in all combustion environments. During pyrolysis and combustion tests gaseous products CO2, CO, H2O, CH4, SO2 and COS were identified in flue gas and analyzed by using FTIR. Results indicate that higher CO and COS formation take place during pyrolysis tests due to gasification reaction in CO2 atmosphere at high temperature zone. Gaseous species evolution trends in combustion tests are found specific for each fuel. However, evolution trends slightly shift to lower temperatures in oxygen-enriched conditions.
9
Dubinová, Petra. "Zplyňování biomasy v kyslíkové atmosféře." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400508.
Анотація:
Biomass gasification using air with addition of oxygen can be the right way to increase the quality of the syngas produced. This thesis aims to characterize the gasification process using oxygen-enriched air and verify its effect on the gas. The theoretical part deals with description of the technology with an emphasis on various gasifying agents and different possibilities of increasing gas quality. The practical part contains the results of measurements on the atmospheric fluidized bed reactor and their evaluation. The experiment was performed with various oxygen enrichment taking into account the capabilities of the equipment used.
10
Lichnová, Andrea. "Cereálie - aktivní složky, biologické účinky a vybrané aplikace v potravinářství." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233398.
Анотація:
The presented doctoral thesis is focused on the study of the biological effects of active compounds found in cereals, on the development of methods of analysis these effects, on the determination of the content of active substances and characterization of the relationship between composition and biological effects of cereals and cereal products. For the analysis several kinds of raw cereal samples (flakes, flour, germ, bran), flavored extruded cereal products and also samples of paddy and husked rice were chosen. To major types of analysed active compounds belong mainly phenolic compounds in the form of glycosides and aglycones, and also saccharides. Group parameters such as total polyphenols, flavonoids and total and reducing saccharides were determined spectrophotometrically, individual phenolics and saccharides were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). TEAC, DPPH and CLAMS methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity. Indirect methods of determination of substances with antioxidant effect were used as well. Results of the total antioxidant activity were compared with values of antimutagenic/genotoxic activity obtained by several microbial test systems. Antimutagenic effect was expressed as a percentage of inhibition of effect of standard mutagen and could be considered as a potential preventive effect of cereals to DNA arising primarily by free radicals effect. The highest values of group and individual phenolics, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity were found in germs, bran, in buckwheat products and in coloured and raw rice. In flavoured cereal products addition of chocolate or fruit positively influences content of active phenolic substances as well as sugars, antixidant and antimutagenic activity. In a representative sample of Czech population, questionnairy study was performed to monitor interest in cereals and consumer preferences. The most of consumers consider cereals with chocolate flavour as less healthy than confirmed results of laboratory analyses. In this study some new food products were developed. Several types of model cereal products containing plant (fruit, vegetables) extracts were proposed. Extracts were added to cereals in freeze-dried and encapsulated form. The highest positive effect exhibited addition of local forrest fruit extract. Within preparation of encapsulated extracts several methods of preparing lipid or saccharides particles were also tested. The encapsulation efficiency of the methods and stability and size of particles were analysed. Optimal type of fortified cereal foods could be suggested based on the acquired results. Selected cereals were used as alternative carbon substrates (processed or raw) for the cultivation of microorganisms to produce enriched biomass usable in the feed industry. We can conclude that cereals in raw as well as processed form belong to universal foods and rich sources of biologically active substances. They can be processed by many ways. They can be used for direct consumption, as a part of new products and also undirectly as a substrate for feedstock.
Частини книг з теми "Enriched biomass":
1
Pawar, Sudhanshu S., Eoin Byrne, and Ed W. J. van Niel. "Biological Hydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass." In Enriched Methane, 111–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22192-2_7.
2
Dascomb, John, and Anjaneyulu Krothapalli. "Hydrogen-Enriched Syngas from Biomass Steam Gasification for Use in Land-Based Gas Turbine Engines." In Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development, 89–110. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2211-8_6.
3
Dutta, Animesh, Bishnu Aeharya, and Prabir Basu. "Chemical Looping Gasification of Biomass for Hydrogen Enriched Gas Production with In-Process Carbon-Dioxide Capture." In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 636–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02682-9_97.
4
Meena, Kunal, Vikrant Sharma, Mehak Manzoor, Gajender Kumar Aseri, Jagdip Singh Sohal, Deepti Singh, Neeraj Khare, and Deepansh Sharma. "Mineral-enriched yeast biomass: A promising mineral food and feed supplement." In New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 155–70. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821007-9.00013-9.
5
Marova, Ivana, Milan Certik, and Emilia Breierov. "Production of Enriched Biomass by Carotenogenic Yeasts - Application of Whole-Cell Yeast Biomass to Production of Pigments and Other Lipid Compounds." In Biomass - Detection, Production and Usage. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/19235.
6
Bai, Xuemei, Hong Wu, Yu Chen, Hui ling Wang, Lin Wang, Jinfeng Geng, Zhongzhen Cai, et al. "Production of Low-Cost EPA-Enriched Biomass with a Focus on the Filamentous Algal Strain Tribonema spp." In Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 211–20. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429057892-18.
7
Diowksz, A., B. Pęczkowska, M. Wŀodarczyk, and W. Ambroziak. "Bacteria/yeast and plant biomass enriched in Se via bioconversion process as a source of Se supplementation in food." In Progress in Biotechnology, 295–300. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-0423(00)80083-0.
8
Sahu, Biswabara, Snigdha Chatterjee, and Ruby Patel. "Sustainable Carbon Management Practices (CMP) - A Way Forward in Reducing CO2 Flux." In Climate Issues in Asia and Africa - Examining Climate, Its Flux, the Consequences, and Society's Responses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97337.
Анотація:
Asian agriculture sector contributes about 44% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Predominantly paddy rice cultivation couples with indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, burning of fossil fuels in farm machinery majorly causes GHG emissions from farmlands in Asia. Presently, Asian soils have 25% cropland soil organic carbon (SOC) content but with moderately to highly vulnerability towards land degradation. To make up the soil carbon losses which has occurred due to continuous cultivation and tillage, it is recommended to adopt suitable carbon management practices to sequester carbon in soil through their physio-chemical protection. Conservation agriculture (CA), cover crop, crop diversification, integrated nutrient management (INM) and balanced fertilisation promotes better soil structure formation, stabilisation of aggregate associated carbon, microbial polymerisation of organic matter as well as a better root architecture. Carbon management practices not only improve soil fertility but also supports improved grain and straw yield. More the yield more biomass addition occurs to the soil. Soil carbon sequestration may not be the only panacea of climate change related issues, but is certainly a way forward to enriched soil fertility, improved agronomic production as well as adaptive- mitigation for offsetting anthropogenic GHG emission.
9
"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing." In Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, edited by ELVA ESCOBAR and LUISA I. FALCON. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch37.
Анотація:
<strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong> Sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) is metabolically related to the benthic community productivity of continental shelves and margins. These areas have economical relevance for regional fisheries. The aim of this study is to evaluate SOC of the soft-bottom benthic communities in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico and provide rates in areas of varied trawling incidence in the region. Box-cored sediment was incubated at in situ temperature in benthic microcosm incubation chambers and sub-sampled for bacteria, meiofauna, and macrofauna. Environmental factors were measured in bottom water and sediment. The SOC values ranged from 6.12 to 79.9 mL O<sub>2</sub> • m<sup>–2</sup> • d<sup>–1</sup> and correlated significantly to depth, grain size, and nitrogen contents in the sediment. A significant correlation was also found between SOC and the infaunal biomass. The proportion of bacteria to meiofauna and bacteria to macrofauna could be related to SOC in different regions. The range of SOC values from the continental shelves in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico were within the range of values recorded in seasonally pulsed sites and highly organic matter enriched areas within the region. We found an order of magnitude difference between the metabolic rates derived from SOC in this study and those reported for the northern Gulf of Mexico. The SOC rates can indicate bottom conditions in a region and should be considered as a potential tool in evaluating natural change and the effects of fishing activities on seabed habitats.
10
Lodge, D. Jean. "Confessions of a Fungal Systematist." In Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199380213.003.0039.
Анотація:
The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has not influenced my basic approach to science. The LTER program has reinforced my approach to mentoring, and it has increased my opportunities to mentor students through the LTER-associated Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program. LTER program has greatly enriched my collaborative network and expanded my research in directions that I would not have otherwise pursued; similarly, I have expanded the research and perspectives of my collaborators. My involvement in the LTER program has changed my perspective in reviewing grant proposals and manuscripts. I have been a co–principal investigator or senior personnel at the Luquillo site (LUQ) of the LTER since its inception in 1988. My MS was on fungal population genetics and epidemiology of a plant pathogen, and my PhD work involved a study of the ecology of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with cottonwood and willow, with a minor in entomology. I was employed as an ecosystem ecologist for the first 9 years of my professional career as a research scientist with the University of Puerto Rico, Center for Energy and Environment Research, which later became the Terrestrial Ecology Division. My early research in the LTER program focused on the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant colonization of landslides in collaboration with plant ecologists and physiologists in the “disturbed plant group.” Hurricane Gilbert struck Jamaica in 1988, shortly after I had measured vegetation there, so I returned to Jamaica with a group that was studying migrant bird habitat and helped to remeasure plants. I used this opportunity to design the tree damage protocol that was used in 1989, when Hurricane Hugo struck the Luquillo Experimental Forest in Puerto Rico (the location of LUQ) (Zimmerman et al. 1994). Consequently, I was nicknamed “Hurricane Hattie” by my collaborators at the Coweeta LTER site. Throughout my career, I have used my graduate training in ecology and soil microbial ecology to make important estimates of fungal and bacterial biomass and nutrient immobilization, and to determine what factors control spatial and temporal patterns in fungal distributions, abundance, and diversity (Lodge and Cantrell 1995; Lodge 1997).
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Enriched biomass":
1
Szwaja, S., A. Poskart, M. Szwaja, and M. Zajemska. "Gasification of Sewage Sludge Enriched with Plant Biomass - Modeling and Tests." In 2019 10th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2019.8754633.
2
Cujia, Gabriel, Antonio Bula, Alberto Mercado, and Jorge Mendoza. "Modeling and Simulation of Syngas Produced From Biomass Gasification Enriched With Solar Hydrogen." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90056.
Анотація:
Biomass gasification process is simulated in order to determine the influence of the operating parameters on the quality of the gas produced. Furthermore, the hydrogen required to enrich the syngas is also established. The modeling and simulation showed that the gas obtained by gasification at atmospheric pressure is mainly composed of H2 and CO; however, the molar ratio H2/CO is not favorable for synthesizing fuels such as methanol. This shows the need to enrich the syngas with additional hydrogen. For the case study developed, for each 100 kg / hr of biomass waste gasified, the amount of additional hydrogen required ranges between 2 to 6 kg / hr in order to obtain a molar ratio H2/CO close to 2. Using palm fiber, the amount of hydrogen required would be 4 kg / hr. This additional hydrogen could be derived from solar energy using thermoelectric modules with an effective area of solar radiation close to 400 m2 per kg of biomass. The simulation was performed using ASPEN PLUS®.
3
Wang Neng, Liu Shi, and Liu Jing. "The Influence of Oxygen Concentration on Biomass Gas Micro Gas Turbine Oxygen-enriched Combustion." In 2nd IET Renewable Power Generation Conference (RPG 2013). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2013.1802.
4
Corradetti, Alessandro, and Umberto Desideri. "Analysis of Biomass Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Plants in Industrial CHP Applications." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97113.
Анотація:
The gasification of biomass wastes deriving from certain industrial processes is an interesting option for cogenerating heat and power. The utilization of the syngas in a high temperature fuel cell could lead to the improvement of electrical efficiency in comparison with traditional CHP plants. In this paper the performance of various Biomass Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (BIGFC) plants are investigated. In particular an atmospheric down-draft gasifier has been considered for syngas production. The fuel cell used for power generation is a 250 kW solid oxide fuel cell, which has been simulated through a zero-dimensional steady-state model and integrated in Aspen Plus® software for evaluating the performance of the entire plant. Various system lay-outs have been investigated to analyze the effect on plant efficiency of the following parameters: (i) gasification air pre-heating; (ii) use of 90% pure oxygen for gasification; (iii) use of enriched air (55% O2) for gasification; (iv) recirculation of anodic gas flow; (v) installation of a SOFC/GT hybrid cycle for power production. BIGFC plants show an electrical efficiency in the range 20–27%, and a thermal efficiency of 39–59%. If a SOFC/GT hybrid cycle is installed electrical efficiency grows up to 39%.
5
Cherif, Maroua, Touria Bounnit, Hareb Al JAbri, and Imen Saadaoui. "Improvement of Omega-3-rich Microalgae Biomass Production to Support Qatar Food Security." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0035.
Анотація:
Recently, algae have received considerable interest as one of the most promising feedstocks suitable for animal feed production due to their fast growth, less nutrient requirements and their ability to produce primary and secondary metabolites with high-added value. Different strategies were applied to improve both biomass and metabolites productivities aiming to produce highquality biomass with low cost and high nutritional value. Tetraselmis subcoliformis QUCCCM50, a local marine green alga presenting fast growth, high metabolites content and easy to harvest, was selected as a candidate for feed production. Three different stress conditions were applied to enhance its potential to produce high-value products such as Nitrogen or Phosphorus depletion and high salinity of 100ppt. An assessment of the growth properties and biomass productivity was performed during the growth. After 15 days of cultivation using tubular photobioreactors, the biomass was subjected to metabolites characterization and fatty acids methyl ester profiling. Results showed that the three stress conditions present different impacts on biomass productivity and, lipid quantity and quality. Cultivation under 100 ppt led to the highest increase in lipid content. This culture condition led to 25% increase of the omega-3 fatty acids with the appearance of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a remarkable increase of the alpha-linolenic acid, comparatively to the control. The enrichment of the Tetraselmis subcoliformis’ biomass in terms of omega-3 fatty acids enhance its nutritional value and make it very suitable for animal feed production. The optimized culture conditions obtained from the current study will be applied at large scale to enhance the quality of the biomass towards omega-3 enriched animal feed supplement production, and hence support achieving food security in the State of Qatar.
6
CRISTINA PINHEIRO AMORIM DE MELO, ALINE, Natália de Carvalho TEIXEIRA, Lucia Helena Esteves dos Santos Laboissiere, Valéria Aparecida Vieira Queiroz, MAria Aparecida VIeira Teixeira Garcia, and Roberto Gonçalves Junqueira. "APPLICATION OF CHECK-ALL-THAT-APPLY QUESTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BANANA CANDY ENRICHED WITH SORGHUM FLOUR AND GREEN BANANA BIOMASS." In CBCP - Congresso On-line Brasileiro de Tecnologia de Cereais e Panificação. ,: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/cbcp2020.278409.
7
Pinzani, M. Caterina Camerani, Britt-Marie Steenari, and Oliver Lindqvist. "Direct Determination of Cadmium Speciation in MSW and Biomass Single Fly Ash Particles Using SR Based µ-XR Spectroscopy Techniques." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-021.
Анотація:
Cadmium is a toxic metal causing environmental concern in connection with utilization and land filling of ash. Knowledge about the chemical associations of Cd in ash is fundamental in the understanding of its solubility and leachability from the ash. In the work presented here, the content, distribution and chemical forms of Cd on/in individual Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and biomass fly ash particles have been investigated in situ by Synchrotron Radiation induced μ-X-ray fluorescence, absorption spectrometry (XAS) and fluorescence tomography. These X-ray micro-beam techniques can be used to reveal spatially resolved information about structural and chemical properties of particles. The use of an excitation energy of 27 keV made it possible to detect trace metals, such as Cd at ppm levels, but also other elements, like Ca, K, Cl and Br. Absorption spectra of Cd in the energy range around the absorption edge of Cd (26.71 keV) were recorded for micron-sized spots of ash particles. Fluorescence tomography was then use to establish if Cd compounds are situated on the particle surface (i.e. most prone to leaching) or at some depth within the particle, where they might be more shielded from chemical attack by water. The measurements indicated Cd to be preferably concentrated in some small areas (“hot-spots”) with high concentration (up to 200 ppm) in MSW fly ash particles and in a homogeneous distribution over the whole particle surface in the case of biomass. Comparisons of XAS spectra of fly ashes and reference compounds showed Cd to be present in the oxidation state +2 and mainly as CdSO4, CdO and CdCl2. Although previous studies have indicated Cd to be enriched in the smaller-size ash particles, in this study Cd was found to be reasonably well distributed throughout all the particle sizes investigated. Based on the results obtained, possible reaction mechanisms involving Cd are suggested.
8
Boschek, E., P. Griebel, and P. Jansohn. "Fuel Variability Effects on Turbulent, Lean Premixed Flames at High Pressures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27496.
Анотація:
Fuel flexibility will be a key issue for the operation of future stationary gas turbines because of the increasing amount of off-spec natural gas qualities from new resources and upcoming new fuels derived from biomass which will be more important in the near future. The performance of gas turbines in terms of flame stability and low emission combustion must be at least maintained also with these new fuels. Therefore, the impact of fuel variation on combustion characteristics must be known for the combustor design. This paper addresses the effect of hydrogen and propane addition on flame characteristics like lean blowout (LBO), emissions (NOx, CO), flame positions and turbulent flame speeds for flames at gas turbine relevant conditions. Hydrogen enriched fuels are typical constituents of gasification fuels such as those obtained from biomass, while propane is considered a typical higher hydrocarbon present in off-spec natural gas. Turbulent, lean premixed flames of different fuels (methane, methane/hydrogen and methane/propane) have been studied in a generic, axis-symmetric, high-pressure gas turbine combustor. Flame stabilization is achieved aerodynamically via a recirculation zone induced by the combustor geometry with sudden expansion. Turbulence at the combustor inlet is generated using a turbulence grid (perforated plate). LBO limits are detected using the global OH chemiluminescence flame signal collected with a photo-multiplier and a data acquisition system together with the exhaust gas temperature measured with a thermocouple. The species concentrations (CO2, O2, CO, NOx) are measured by exhaust gas analyzers. Flame front positions and turbulent flame speeds are determined with Laser Induced Fluorescence measurements of the OH radical (OH-PLIF). Flame characteristics will be presented for the following fuel/air mixtures at a mixture preheating temperature of 673 K: pure methane, H2-enriched flames containing up to 50% hydrogen by volume, methane/propane mixtures containing up to 50% propane by volume. LBO limits, NOx emissions will be presented for different pressures. Most probable flame front positions and turbulent flame speeds are presented at a pressure of 5 bars for fuel mixtures between pure methane and 50% of each additive (propane and hydrogen). Experiments have revealed that a premixed mixture of 50% hydrogen and 50% methane, by volume, can significantly extend the lean blowout limit by up to 22% compared to pure methane. Because of a 120 K lower flame temperature a drastic reduction of the NOx emission (about 57%) is observed. Addition of hydrogen also significantly decreases the flame position (50%), changes the shape of the flame front and because of a higher global reaction rate increases the turbulent flame speed. Experiments with different methane/propane mixtures showed an increase (approximately 25–30%) of the NOx concentration at a propane content of 50%. Additionally, the flame stabilizes closer to the combustor inlet for higher propane contents.
9
Chen, Wei, Siva Sankar Thanapal, Kalyan Annamalai, R. James Ansley, and Mustafa Mirik. "Updraft Fixed Bed Gasification of Mesquite Fuel Using Air-Steam Mixture." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94640.
Анотація:
The mesquite woody species that dominate uncultivated lands in the south central Great Plains, U.S.A. (Texas, Oklahoma) may have the potential for bioenergy utilization. Gasification of woody biomass is an environmentally promising technology that provides an alternative to the use of fossil fuel. The objective of this study is to study enhancement of heat values of mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) using an adiabatic fixed bed gasifier using air-steam as gasification medium and compare these values with those from other methods which include: air (N2:O2), CO2-O2 mixture, enriched air, blending biomass with high quality coal etc. The effects of steam/fuel ratio (S:F) and equivalence ratio (ER) on the gasification peak temperature (Tpeak), gas compositions, and gas higher heating value (HHV) were investigated. It is found that the Tpeak in air-steam gasification is lower than that of air gasification and the Tpeak decreased with the increase in the steam to fuel ratio (S:F). In addition, when S: F ratio increased from 0 to 0.45, the CO2 and H2 concentration increased while the CO percentage decreased. The mole composition of the end product gas contained: 8–19% CO, 4–15% H2, 1–3% CH4, and 10–18% CO2. The HHV of the mesquite gas was estimated to be in a range of 2800 kJ/Nm3 to 3800 kJ/Nm3. The HHV increased when the S: F increased from 0.15 to 0.3, and then it decreased when the S: F was increased from 0.3 to 0.45 and the highest value was obtained at S: F = 0.3 and ER = 2.7 (optimum). The HHV of the producer gas from air-steam gasification is found to be almost same as that produced from pure air gasification (2800–4000 kJ) and lower than that obtained from CO2:O2 mixture (79:21) gasification (4000 to 6000 kJ/Nm3). However, H2 rich producer gas was obtained with air steam mixture.
10
Kidoguchi, Kazuhiro, Saburo Hara, Yuso Oki, Shiro Kajitani, Satoshi Umemoto, and Jun Inumaru. "Development of Oxy-Fuel IGCC System With CO2 Recirculation for CO2 Capture: Experimental Examination on Effect of Gasification Reaction Promotion by CO2 Enriched Using Bench Scale Gasifier Facility." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55458.
Анотація:
To cope with global warming problem, utility companies are required to reduce CO2 emission from pulverized coal fired power plants. Japanese utility companies are advancing various measures to improve plant thermal efficiency and to promote utilization of biomass as a fuel. In Europe and America, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is regarded as one effective approach, and various demonstration projects are planned all over the world. However, the introduction of conventional CO2 capture system to power station causes a decrease in the plant thermal efficiency and an increase in the power generating cost. In this reason, it is necessary to develop a new power generating system with high thermal efficiency. Therefore, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) proposed an innovative integrated coal gasification combined cycle power generating system (IGCC) with CO2 capture whose plant thermal efficiency is very high, and is working on the research and development of the new system. This is a system to combine a new oxygen-CO2 blown coal gasifier in that captured CO2 is used with the closed gas turbine in which coal gas from the gasifier is burned with the gas mixed oxygen and recycled exhaust CO2. The system has the following features. The gasification performances improve greatly. The processes of concentrating and separating CO2 are unnecessary. It is estimated that the carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and the cold gas efficiency (CGE) in oxygen-CO2 blown gasifier improve more than conventional oxygen blown gasifiers by the effect of the gasification reaction promotion of CO2 by gasifying coal with oxygen and CO2. As a result, the gasifier and the char recycling system can make to compact, and the equipment cost can be reduced. This paper reports on examination of CO2 promotion effect on the gasification performances by gasification test using a bench scale gasifier facility.