Статті в журналах: "Entry–exit function"

1

De Maesschalck, Peter, and Stephen Schecter. "The entry–exit function and geometric singular perturbation theory." Journal of Differential Equations 260, no. 8 (April 2016): 6697–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2016.01.008.

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2

Hsu, Ting-Hao, and Shigui Ruan. "Relaxation Oscillations and the Entry-Exit Function in Multidimensional Slow-Fast Systems." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 53, no. 4 (January 2021): 3717–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/19m1295507.

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3

Rossio, Valentina, and Satoshi Yoshida. "Spatial regulation of Cdc55–PP2A by Zds1/Zds2 controls mitotic entry and mitotic exit in budding yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 193, no. 3 (May 2, 2011): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201101134.

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Budding yeast CDC55 encodes a regulatory B subunit of the PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), which plays important roles in mitotic entry and mitotic exit. The spatial and temporal regulation of PP2A is poorly understood, although recent studies demonstrated that the conserved proteins Zds1 and Zds2 stoichiometrically bind to Cdc55–PP2A and regulate it in a complex manner. Zds1/Zds2 promote Cdc55–PP2A function for mitotic entry, whereas Zds1/Zds2 inhibit Cdc55–PP2A function during mitotic exit. In this paper, we propose that Zds1/Zds2 primarily control Cdc55 localization. Cortical and cytoplasmic localization of Cdc55 requires Zds1/Zds2, and Cdc55 accumulates in the nucleus in the absence of Zds1/Zds2. By genetically manipulating the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Cdc55, we showed that Cdc55 promotes mitotic entry when in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, nuclear Cdc55 prevents mitotic exit. Our analysis defines the long-sought molecular function for the zillion different screens family proteins and reveals the importance of the regulation of PP2A localization for proper mitotic progression.

4

Lin, Chin-Tsai, and Cheng-Ru Wu. "Build to order and entry/exit strategies under exchange rate uncertainty." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 14, no. 2 (2004): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0402193l.

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Under uncertainty of exchange rate, we extend the build to order production model of Lin et al. (2002) by considering the export-oriented manufacturer to make decisions to switch production location freely between domestic and foreign ones. The export-oriented manufacturer is risk neutral and has rational expectations. When we transfer the production location from domestic (foreign) to foreign (domestic), and the production location transferring cost and the drift of real exchange rate are both equal to zero, then the optimal entry and exit threshold value of Cobb-Douglas production function are equal, no matter whether we use real options or net present value method. Thus export-oriented manufacturer can make decisions at the optimal transfer threshold value for transferable locations wherever the production locations are. It provides the export-oriented manufacturer with another way of thinking.

5

Dao, Manh Khang. "Hamilton-Jacobi equations for optimal control on networks with entry or exit costs." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 25 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2018003.

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We consider an optimal control on networks in the spirit of the works of Achdou et al. [NoDEA Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 20 (2013) 413–445] and Imbert et al. [ESAIM: COCV 19 (2013) 129–166]. The main new feature is that there are entry (or exit) costs at the edges of the network leading to a possible discontinuous value function. We characterize the value function as the unique viscosity solution of a new Hamilton-Jacobi system. The uniqueness is a consequence of a comparison principle for which we give two different proofs, one with arguments from the theory of optimal control inspired by Achdou et al. [ESAIM: COCV 21 (2015) 876–899] and one based on partial differential equations techniques inspired by a recent work of Lions and Souganidis [Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Rend. Lincei Mat. Appl. 27 (2016) 535–545].

6

LIN, TYRONE T., CHUAN-CHUAN KO, and CHIEN-YU LIU. "AN OPTIMAL MARKET ENTRY/EXIT EVALUATION MODEL WITH PARTIAL FINANCING FUNDS." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 27, no. 02 (April 2010): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595910002673.

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The paper mainly aims to introduce the real options approach to construct an evaluation model for the firm value under partial financing funds. The paper examines that production volume follows the geometric Brownian motion and considers that both the market entry of investment cost and the market exit of withdrawal cost match the linear function with production volume. Then the paper evaluates the potential firm value before market entry, the operational value with the firm's operating, and the market exit value with the firm's stopping to operate so as to assess the whole firm value, shareholder value, and bondholder value hereafter. The results show that different debt ratios will affect the firm's investment decision. The paper figures out the optimal decision-making based on the maximum profit of shareholders or the maximum profit of shareholders-and-bondholders. The factor is finance leverage; although interest expenses are tax deductible, an overly high leverage may trigger agency costs for a firm, which will offset the tax shields associated with leverage. Therefore, a firm should not leverage too much. Furthermore, the paper constructs an innovative evaluation model in a dynamic-financing environment in order to provide the management team with a decision-making mechanism for their decisions in market entry or market exit in a timely manner in the face of uncontrollable exogenous variables.

7

Kudo, Hiroko. "Exit/Entry, Voice/Noise, and Loyalty/Apathy in the era of social media." Central and Eastern European eDem and eGov Days 338 (July 16, 2020): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/ocg.338.33.

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Use of Social Media in public life has changed the way how citizens relate to public sector. Modern communication tools, in particular Social Media, have made citizens easier to use their “voice” to mobilize. When citizens can easily mobilize, the cost of mobilization is low for them, while its impact can lead to a larger cost for the State. As the exit/entry cost of Social Media is very low or almost nothing, a virtual network has been substituting institutions, causing new issues to the State. This leads to the issue of loyalty: citizens now feel that they do not need institution like the State to belong to, as many networks substitute its function. This paper analyses the Social Media use by citizens and its impact on public sector through Albert Hirschman’s classis “Exit, Voice, and Loyalty” and tries to address new aspects.

8

Reiser, Vladimír, Katharine E. D’Aquino, Ly-Sha Ee, and Angelika Amon. "The Stress-activated Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade Promotes Exit from Mitosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 7 (July 2006): 3136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-12-1102.

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In budding yeast, a signaling network known as the mitotic exit network (MEN) triggers exit from mitosis. We find that hypertonic stress allows MEN mutants to exit from mitosis in a manner dependent on the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. The HOG pathway drives exit from mitosis in MEN mutants by promoting the activation of the MEN effector, the protein phosphatase Cdc14. Activation of Cdc14 depends on the Cdc14 early anaphase release network, a group of proteins that functions in parallel to the MEN to promote Cdc14 function. Notably, exit from mitosis is promoted by the signaling branch defined by the Sho1 osmosensing system, but not by the Sln1 osmosensor of the HOG pathway. Our results suggest that the stress MAP kinase pathway mobilizes programs to promote completion of the cell cycle and entry into G1 under unfavorable conditions.

9

Du, Ruikun, Qinghua Cui, and Lijun Rong. "Competitive Cooperation of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase during Influenza A Virus Entry." Viruses 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050458.

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The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A virus possess antagonistic activities on interaction with sialic acid (SA), which is the receptor for virus attachment. HA binds SA through its receptor-binding sites, while NA is a receptor-destroying enzyme by removing SAs. The function of HA during virus entry has been extensively investigated, however, examination of NA has long been focused to its role in the exit of progeny virus from infected cells, and the role of NA in the entry process is still under-appreciated. This review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of HA and NA in relation to each other during virus entry.

10

Moutinho-Pereira, Sara, Alain Debec, and Helder Maiato. "Microtubule Cytoskeleton Remodeling by Acentriolar Microtubule-organizing Centers at the Entry and Exit from Mitosis in Drosophila Somatic Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 11 (June 2009): 2796–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-01-0011.

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Cytoskeleton microtubules undergo a reversible metamorphosis as cells enter and exit mitosis to build a transient mitotic spindle required for chromosome segregation. Centrosomes play a dominant but dispensable role in microtubule (MT) organization throughout the animal cell cycle, supporting the existence of concurrent mechanisms that remain unclear. Here we investigated MT organization at the entry and exit from mitosis, after perturbation of centriole function in Drosophila S2 cells. We found that several MTs originate from acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs) that contain γ-tubulin and require Centrosomin (Cnn) for normal architecture and function. During spindle assembly, aMTOCs associated with peripheral MTs are recruited to acentriolar spindle poles by an Ncd/dynein-dependent clustering mechanism to form rudimentary aster-like structures. At anaphase onset, down-regulation of CDK1 triggers massive formation of cytoplasmic MTs de novo, many of which nucleated directly from aMTOCs. CDK1 down-regulation at anaphase coordinates the activity of Msps/XMAP215 and the kinesin-13 KLP10A to favor net MT growth and stability from aMTOCs. Finally, we show that microtubule nucleation from aMTOCs also occurs in cells containing centrosomes. Our data reveal a new form of cell cycle–regulated MTOCs that contribute for MT cytoskeleton remodeling during mitotic spindle assembly/disassembly in animal somatic cells, independently of centrioles.

11

Primeau, François W., and Mark Holzer. "The Ocean’s Memory of the Atmosphere: Residence-Time and Ventilation-Rate Distributions of Water Masses." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2919.1.

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Abstract A conceptually new approach to diagnosing tracer-independent ventilation rates is developed. Tracer Green functions are exploited to partition ventilation rates according to the ventilated fluid’s residence time in the ocean interior and according to where this fluid enters and exits the interior. In the presence of mixing by mesoscale eddies, which are reasonably represented by diffusion, ventilation rates for overlapping entry and exit regions cannot meaningfully be characterized by a single rate. It is a physical consequence of diffusive transport that fluid elements that spend an infinitesimally short time in the interior cause singularly large ventilation rates for overlapping entry and exit regions. Therefore, ventilation must generally be characterized by a ventilation-rate distribution, ϕ, partitioned according to the time that the ventilated fluid spends in the interior between successive surface contacts. An offline forward and adjoint time-averaged OGCM is used to illustrate the rich detail that ϕ and the closely related probability density function of residence times ℛ provide on the way the ocean communicates with the surface. These diagnostics quantify the relative importance of various surface regions for ventilating the interior ocean by either exposing old water masses to the atmosphere or by forming newly ventilated ones. The model results suggest that the Southern Ocean plays a dominant role in ventilating the ocean, both as a region where new waters are ventilated into the interior and where old waters are first reexposed to the atmosphere.

12

Powell, Eleanor Neff, and Joshua A. Tucker. "Revisiting Electoral Volatility in Post-Communist Countries: New Data, New Results and New Approaches." British Journal of Political Science 44, no. 1 (January 23, 2013): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123412000531.

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This article provides a detailed set of coding rules for disaggregating electoral volatility into two components: volatility caused by new party entry and old party exit, and volatility caused by vote switching across existing parties. After providing an overview of both types of volatility in post-communist countries, the causes of volatility are analysed using a larger dataset than those used in previous studies. The results are startling: most findings based on elections in post-communist countries included in previous studies disappear. Instead, entry and exit volatility is found to be largely a function of long-term economic recovery, and it becomes clear that very little is known about what causes ‘party switching’ volatility. As a robustness test of this latter result, the authors demonstrate that systematic explanations for party-switching volatility in Western Europe can indeed be found.

13

Loretz, C. A., and C. R. Fourtner. "Functional characterization of a voltage-gated anion channel from teleost fish intestinal epithelium." Journal of Experimental Biology 136, no. 1 (May 1, 1988): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.136.1.383.

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An anion channel was isolated, using patch-clamp technique, from the basolateral membrane of goby intestinal epithelial cells. Single-channel conductance varied over a range from 20 to 90 pS. The channel was voltage-gated over the physiological range of cell membrane potential with depolarization increasing the proportion of time in the open state. There was no Ca2+ sensitivity. The selectivity sequence was SO4(2-) greater than Cl- greater than Mes-. The channel may function in vivo as one of several avenues of basolateral membrane Cl- exit with the voltage-gating property serving to match basolateral Cl- exit to apical entry.

14

Nakajima, Hiroyuki, Shigenobu Yonemura, Masayuki Murata, Nobuhiro Nakamura, Helen Piwnica-Worms, and Eisuke Nishida. "Myt1 protein kinase is essential for Golgi and ER assembly during mitotic exit." Journal of Cell Biology 181, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200708176.

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Myt1 was originally identified as an inhibitory kinase for Cdc2 (Cdk1), the master engine of mitosis, and has been thought to function, together with Wee1, as a negative regulator of mitotic entry. In this study, we report an unexpected finding that Myt1 is essential for Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assembly during telophase in mammalian cells. Our analyses reveal that both cyclin B1 and cyclin B2 serve as targets of Myt1 for proper Golgi and ER assembly to occur. Thus, our results show that Myt1-mediated suppression of Cdc2 activity is not indispensable for the regulation of a broad range of mitotic events but is specifically required for the control of intracellular membrane dynamics during mitosis.

15

Weinstein, A. M. "Coupling of entry to exit by peritubular K+ permeability in a mathematical model of rat proximal tubule." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): F158—F168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.1.f158.

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In the proximal tubule in vivo, glomerulotubular balance requires that tubule epithelial cells accommodate a twofold variation in Na+ reabsorption through the Na+/H+ exchanger of the luminal membrane. In a mathematical model of proximal tubule, in which permeability coefficients are fixed, doubling flux through the Na+/H+ antiporter produces a substantial increase in cell volume and cytosolic HCO3-. In this model, it is possible to vary peritubular K+ permeability with changes in luminal Na+ entry, so that cell volume is constrained to be constant. In these calculations, the model predicts that peritubular hyperpolarization and nearly constant cytosolic HCO3- will accompany increases in luminal Na+ entry. Realistic models of variable peritubular K+ permeability might include a functional dependence on flux through the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase, cytosolic pH, or cell volume. When K+ permeability is represented as a function of any of these variables, homeostatic control of cell volume and pH can be obtained over a physiological variation of Na+/H+ flux. However, when luminal Na+ entry is via Na(+)-glucose cotransport, volume homeostasis is best when peritubular K+ permeability depends on the rate of active Na+ transport. For any modulator of K+ permeability, realistic constraints on the value of this parameter suggest that peritubular K+ permeability is, by itself, not sufficient to maintain cell volume within narrow limits. Parallel activation of another exit pathway, such as peritubular Na(+)-3 HCO3- cotransport, may be required to achieve the necessary homeostasis.

16

Zhang, Wen Fen, Min Tu, and Wen Feng Sun. "The Output Competition Game between FDI Port Enterprises and Incumbent Port Enterprises." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.205.

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With the opening to the outside world, port market entry and exit become relatively free in China. In this context, there will be a game of market entry and anti-entry between foreign direct investment (FDI) port enterprises and incumbent ones. Cournot and Dixit Model were both used to study the output competition game between above two kinds of enterprises. Cournot equilibrium shows that FDI port enterprises' output falls as the its own marginal cost increases but increases as the competitors' marginal cost increases. In Dixit Model, by researching the reaction function based on the production scale, marginal cost and scale cost, the selection conditions of FDI port enterprises' market entry strategy were studied. Results show that enterprises entry strategy selection is relative to the limitation and equilibrium output.

17

Chen, Yongbing, Lei Chen, and Taizhi Lv. "Design and Implementation of Data Analysis System for Ship Arrival and Departure Report." Scientific Journal of Technology 4, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/sjt.v4i6.876.

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In the context of building a smart maritime scene, through building a maritime smart service, improve the efficiency of ships entering and leaving the port, and reduce the waiting time for ships to load and unload goods in the port. In this paper, the basic function of querying the ship arrival and departure reports is provided, and the data of the ship arrival and departure reports are visually displayed by analyzing the data of the ship arrival and departure reports. Analyze the traffic of ships between provinces, and analyze the historical freight data of ships to draw a preliminary ship portrait, as to analyze and study the dependence of different provinces on goods and the positioning of provinces in the industrial chain. The back-end of the system is based on the spring boot framework, and the front-end uses the Vue framework to realize the front-end and back-end separate development of the system. For the storage and visualization of port entry and exit report data, the system selects Doris database cluster to store and manage historical port entry and exit report data. The open-source visualization chart Library of Echarts is used for visual drawing to realize the preliminary development and exploration of the data analysis system of ship entry and exit report.

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Maliar, Lilia, Serguei Maliar, John B. Taylor, and Inna Tsener. "A tractable framework for analyzing a class of nonstationary Markov models." Quantitative Economics 11, no. 4 (2020): 1289–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe1360.

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We consider a class of infinite‐horizon dynamic Markov economic models in which the parameters of utility function, production function, and transition equations change over time. In such models, the optimal value and decision functions are time‐inhomogeneous: they depend not only on state but also on time. We propose a quantitative framework, called extended function path (EFP), for calibrating, solving, simulating, and estimating such nonstationary Markov models. The EFP framework relies on the turnpike theorem which implies that the finite‐horizon solutions asymptotically converge to the infinite‐horizon solutions if the time horizon is sufficiently large. The EFP applications include unbalanced stochastic growth models, the entry into and exit from a monetary union, information news, anticipated policy regime switches, deterministic seasonals, among others. Examples of MATLAB code are provided.

19

Stamatiou, Konstantinos, and Paola Vagnarelli. "Chromosome clustering in mitosis by the nuclear protein Ki-67." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 6 (November 16, 2021): 2767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20210717.

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Ki-67 is highly expressed in proliferating cells, a characteristic that made the protein a very important proliferation marker widely used in the clinic. However, the molecular functions and properties of Ki-67 remained quite obscure for a long time. Only recently important discoveries have shed some light on its function and shown that Ki-67 has a major role in the formation of mitotic chromosome periphery compartment, it is associated with protein phosphatase one (PP1) and regulates chromatin function in interphase and mitosis. In this review, we discuss the role of Ki-67 during cell division. Specifically, we focus on the importance of Ki-67 in chromosome individualisation at mitotic entry (prometaphase) and its contribution to chromosome clustering and nuclear remodelling during mitotic exit.

20

Wang, Yufeng, Youhua Qian, and Bingwen Lin. "Relaxation Oscillations and Dynamical Properties in Two Time-Delay Slow-Fast Modified Leslie-Gower Models." Complexity 2020 (September 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1351397.

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In this paper, we consider two kinds of time-delay slow-fast modified Leslie-Gower models. For the first system, we prove the existence and uniqueness of relaxation oscillation cycle through the geometric singular perturbation theory and entry-exit function. For the second system, we put forward a conjecture that the relaxation oscillation of the system is unique. Numerical simulation also verifies our results for the systems.

21

Ghazaryan, Anna, Vahagn Manukian, and Stephen Schecter. "Travelling waves in the Holling–Tanner model with weak diffusion." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2177 (May 2015): 20150045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0045.

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For a wide range of parameters, we study travelling waves in a diffusive version of the Holling–Tanner predator–prey model from population dynamics. Fronts are constructed using geometric singular perturbation theory and the theory of rotated vector fields. We focus on the appearance of the fronts in various singular limits. In addition, periodic travelling waves of relaxation oscillation type are constructed using a recent generalization of the entry–exit function.

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Asakawa, Kazuhide, and Akio Toh-e. "A Defect of Kap104 Alleviates the Requirement of Mitotic Exit Network Gene Functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 162, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 1545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.4.1545.

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Abstract A subgroup of the karyopherin β (also called importin β) protein that includes budding yeast Kap104 and human transportin/karyopherin β2 is reported to function as a receptor for the transport of mRNA-binding proteins into the nucleus. We identified KAP104 as a responsible gene for a suppressor mutation of cdc15-2. We found that the kap104-E604K mutation suppressed the temperature-sensitive growth of cdc15-2 cells by promoting the exit from mitosis and suppressed the temperature sensitivity of various mitoticexit mutations. The cytokinesis defect of these mitotic-exit mutants was not suppressed by kap104-E604K. Furthermore, the kap104-E604K mutation delays entry into DNA synthesis even at a permissive temperature. In cdc15-2 kap104-E604K cells, SWI5 and SIC1, but not CDH1, became essential at a high temperature, suggesting that the kap104-E604K mutation promotes mitotic exit via the Swi5-Sic1 pathway. Interestingly, SPO12, which is involved in the release of Cdc14 from the nucleolus during early anaphase, also became essential in cdc15-2 kap104-E604K cells at a high temperature. The kap104-E604K mutation caused a partial delocalization of Cdc14 from the nucleolus during interphase. This delocalization of Cdc14 was suppressed by the deletion of SPO12. These results suggest that a mutation in Kap104 stimulates exit from mitosis through the activation of Cdc14 and implies a novel role for Kap104 in cell-cycle progression in budding yeast.

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McCarroll, Michele L., Rachael J. Pohle-Krauza, Teresa A. Volsko, Jennifer L. Martin, and Matthew L. Krauza. "Use of the Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale (BCSS©) in Pulmonary Rehabilitation§." Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306401307010001.

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Background: In pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) effective measures have been taken while in analyzing a patient’s intervention with the help of entry to exit evaluations. The absence of an objective and quantifiable scale are limitations of PR that allow analyzing of a patient’s self reported symptoms throughout PR. The Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS©) is used to predict patient exacerbations by evaluating common symptoms identified in the COPD population. This study used the BCSS© survey to track complex symptom changes throughout the course of PR intervention. The BCSS© tool measured the patient’s self reported symptoms in real time for each visit when patient enrolled in PR. Methods: Thirty-five patients with COPD from three outpatient PR centers were asked to report the severity of breathlessness, cough, and sputum prior to each PR session using the BCSS© survey. Results: There was a significant decrease in self reported symptoms of the mean BCSS© score from entry 4.6(± 2.9) to exit 2.3 (± 2.5), p < 0.001. The results showed variable decrease in the self reported symptoms with more PR visits. The secondary outcome showed high correlations with quality of life measures using the Pulmonary Function Status Scale (PFSS) on entry and exit to PR. Conclusions: The BCSS© tool is an effective means for measuring the impact of PR on improving patient tolerance and self-reported symptoms as a result of COPD. More research is needed to better assess the complex symptoms of COPD patients in PR to enhance programmatic outcomes.

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Mionnet, Cyril, Stéphanie L. Sanos, Isabelle Mondor, Audrey Jorquera, Jean-Pierre Laugier, Ronald N. Germain, and Marc Bajénoff. "High endothelial venules as traffic control points maintaining lymphocyte population homeostasis in lymph nodes." Blood 118, no. 23 (December 1, 2011): 6115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-07-367409.

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Abstract Millions of lymphocytes enter and exit mammal lymph nodes (LNs) each day, accessing the parenchyma via high endothelial venules (HEVs) and egressing via lymphatics. Despite this high rate of cellular flux and the many entry and exit sites within a given LN, the number of lymphocytes present in a resting LN is extraordinary stable over time, raising the question of how this steady-state is maintained. Here we have examined the anatomic details of lymphocyte movement in HEVs, finding that HEVs create pockets within which lymphocytes reside for several minutes before entering the LN proper. The function of these pockets was revealed in experiments performed under conditions in which lymphocyte egress from the LN was compromised by any of several approaches. Under such conditions, the HEVs pockets behaved as “waiting areas” in which lymphocytes were held until space was made available to them for entry into the parenchyma. Thus, rather than being simple entry ports, HEVs act as gatekeepers able to stack, hold and grant lymphocytes access to LN parenchyma in proportion to the rate of lymphocyte egress from the LN, enabling the LN to maintain a constant steady-state cellularity while supporting the extensive cellular trafficking necessary for repertoire scanning.

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Martinez, M. Juanita, Sushmita Roy, Amanda B. Archuletta, Peter D. Wentzell, Sonia Santa Anna-Arriola, Angelina L. Rodriguez, Anthony D. Aragon, Gabriel A. Quiñones, Chris Allen, and Margaret Werner-Washburne. "Genomic Analysis of Stationary-Phase and Exit inSaccharomyces cerevisiae: Gene Expression and Identification of Novel Essential Genes." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 12 (December 2004): 5295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-11-0856.

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Most cells on earth exist in a quiescent state. In yeast, quiescence is induced by carbon starvation, and exit occurs when a carbon source becomes available. To understand how cells survive in, and exit from this state, mRNA abundance was examined using oligonucleotide-based microarrays and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cells in stationary-phase cultures exhibited a coordinated response within 5–10 min of refeeding. Levels of >1800 mRNAs increased dramatically (≥64-fold), and a smaller group of stationary-phase mRNAs decreased in abundance. Motif analysis of sequences upstream of genes clustered by VxInsight identified an overrepresentation of Rap1p and BUF (RPA) binding sites in genes whose mRNA levels rapidly increased during exit. Examination of 95 strains carrying deletions in stationary-phase genes induced identified 32 genes essential for survival in stationary-phase at 37°C. Analysis of these genes suggests that mitochondrial function is critical for entry into stationary-phase and that posttranslational modifications and protection from oxidative stress become important later. The phylogenetic conservation of stationary-phase genes, and our findings that two-thirds of the essential stationary-phase genes have human homologues and of these, many have human homologues that are disease related, demonstrate that yeast is a bona fide model system for studying the quiescent state of eukaryotic cells.

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Dong, Jinsheng, Colin Echeverría Aitken, Anil Thakur, Byung-Sik Shin, Jon R. Lorsch, and Alan G. Hinnebusch. "Rps3/uS3 promotes mRNA binding at the 40S ribosome entry channel and stabilizes preinitiation complexes at start codons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 11 (February 21, 2017): E2126—E2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620569114.

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The eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex (PIC) bearing Met-tRNAiMet in a ternary complex (TC) with eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)2-GTP scans the mRNA leader for an AUG codon in favorable “Kozak” context. AUG recognition provokes rearrangement from an open PIC conformation with TC bound in a state not fully engaged with the P site (“POUT”) to a closed, arrested conformation with TC tightly bound in the “PIN” state. Yeast ribosomal protein Rps3/uS3 resides in the mRNA entry channel of the 40S subunit and contacts mRNA via conserved residues whose functional importance was unknown. We show that substitutions of these residues reduce bulk translation initiation and diminish initiation at near-cognate UUG start codons in yeast mutants in which UUG selection is abnormally high. Two such substitutions—R116D and R117D—also increase discrimination against an AUG codon in suboptimal Kozak context. Consistently, the Arg116 and Arg117 substitutions destabilize TC binding to 48S PICs reconstituted in vitro with mRNA harboring a UUG start codon, indicating destabilization of the closed PIN state with a UUG–anticodon mismatch. Using model mRNAs lacking contacts with either the mRNA entry or exit channels of the 40S subunit, we demonstrate that Arg116/Arg117 are crucial for stabilizing PIC–mRNA contacts at the entry channel, augmenting the function of eIF3 at both entry and exit channels. The corresponding residues in bacterial uS3 promote the helicase activity of the elongating ribosome, suggesting that uS3 contacts with mRNA enhance multiple phases of translation across different domains of life.

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Jura, Piotr Pawel. "La porta della chiesa. Luogo liturgico trascurato." Liturgia Sacra 56, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ls.2036.

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The main door of a church does not only have the sole function as a point of entry or exit but it must perform the iconic function of primary importance in a complex path as a cultural and cultic symbol. Sacred architecture must firstly correspond to liturgical requirements. It does not stand on it’s own but must shape what is sacred in order to be truly functional, therefore becoming a synthesis of form, content and purpose. The door, being part of the architecture, is not simply an opening on the wall, but it is a liturgical and symbolic point which must be strongly characterized.

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Munroe, Jordan A., Mubarak H. Syed, and Chris Q. Doe. "Imp is required for timely exit from quiescence in Drosophila type II neuroblasts." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): e0272177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272177.

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Stem cells must balance proliferation and quiescence, with excess proliferation favoring tumor formation, and premature quiescence preventing proper organogenesis. Drosophila brain neuroblasts are a model for investigating neural stem cell entry and exit from quiescence. Neuroblasts begin proliferating during embryogenesis, enter quiescence prior to larval hatching, and resume proliferation 12-30h after larval hatching. Here we focus on the mechanism used to exit quiescence, focusing on "type II" neuroblasts. There are 16 type II neuroblasts in the brain, and they undergo the same cycle of embryonic proliferation, quiescence, and proliferation as do most other brain neuroblasts. We focus on type II neuroblasts due to their similar lineage as outer radial glia in primates (both have extended lineages with intermediate neural progenitors), and because of the availability of specific markers for type II neuroblasts and their progeny. Here we characterize the role of Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein (Imp) in type II neuroblast proliferation and quiescence. Imp has previously been shown to promote proliferation in type II neuroblasts, in part by acting antagonistically to another RNA-binding protein called Syncrip (Syp). Here we show that reducing Imp levels delays exit from quiescence in type II neuroblasts, acting independently of Syp, with Syp levels remaining low in both quiescent and newly proliferating type II neuroblasts. We conclude that Imp promotes exit from quiescence, a function closely related to its known role in promoting neuroblast proliferation.

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Zhang, F., C. Lu, C. Severin, and D. W. Sretavan. "GAP-43 mediates retinal axon interaction with lateral diencephalon cells during optic tract formation." Development 127, no. 5 (March 1, 2000): 969–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.5.969.

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GAP-43 is an abundant intracellular growth cone protein that can serve as a PKC substrate and regulate calmodulin availability. In mice with targeted disruption of the GAP-43 gene, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons fail to progress normally from the optic chiasm into the optic tracts. The underlying cause is unknown but, in principle, can result from either the disruption of guidance mechanisms that mediate axon exit from the midline chiasm region or defects in growth cone signaling required for entry into the lateral diencephalic wall to form the optic tracts. Results here show that, compared to wild-type RGC axons, GAP-43-deficient axons exhibit reduced growth in the presence of lateral diencephalon cell membranes. Reduced growth is not observed when GAP-43-deficient axons are cultured with optic chiasm, cortical, or dorsal midbrain cells. Lateral diencephalon cell conditioned medium inhibits growth of both wild-type and GAP-43-deficient axons to a similar extent and does not affect GAP-43-deficient axons more so. Removal or transplant replacement of the lateral diencephalon optic tract entry zone in GAP-43-deficient embryo preparations results in robust RGC axon exit from the chiasm. Together these data show that RGC axon exit from the midline region does not require GAP-43 function. Instead, GAP-43 appears to mediate RGC axon interaction with guidance cues in the lateral diencephalic wall, suggesting possible involvement of PKC and calmodulin signaling during optic tract formation.

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Masi, Anne, Cheryl Dissanayake, Tasha Alach, Kate Cameron, Kathryn Fordyce, Grace Frost, Rachel Grove, et al. "Clinical outcomes and associated predictors of early intervention in autism spectrum disorder: a study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e047290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047290.

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IntroductionResearch highlights the importance of early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder with better outcomes associated with earlier access to early intensive intervention (EII) programmes. However, there is significant variability in response to EII despite children receiving the same programmes.Methods and analysisA prospective, multisite cohort study using a pre–post design assesses the predictors of early intervention outcomes for children who receive EII through six early intervention services (Autism Specific Early Learning and Care Centres, ASELCCs) across Australia. Child and family characteristics at entry to and exit from ASELCCs are ascertained using measures of autism symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2; Social Communication Questionnaire); cognitive, language and developmental skills (Mullen Scale of Early Learning); adaptive function (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale—second Edition); behaviours (Child Behaviour Checklist—1.5 to 5 years; Restricted Repetitive Behaviour Scale); parental stress (Parent Stress Index-4 Short Form); quality of life (Quality of Life in Autism Scale) and a semistructured family history questionnaire for sociodemographic, family and psychosocial characteristics. Characteristics at entry are used as predictors of outcome at exit following EII approximately 12 months later. The change in score from baseline to exit will be the primary outcome of interest. The mediating role of family and psychosocial factors will also be considered.Ethics approvalUniversity of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC14267).Dissemination of resultsFindings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. A report summarising data and the interpretation of data will be published.

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Sączewska-Piotrowska, Anna. "Poverty dynamics in urban and rural households." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 7 (July 28, 2016): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1038.

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The author used discrete-time event history methods to study poverty and non-poverty survival time of urban and rural households. To analyse there were used nonparametric estimators of hazard function and logit models, which are discrete-time survival models. On the basis on conducted analysis it can be concluded that rural households survive shorter in non-poverty and simultaneously longer in poverty than urban households. Besides, urban households have more chance of poverty exit and less chance of poverty entry than rural households.

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Leyrat-Maurin, Anne, and Dominique Barthes-Biesel. "Motion of a deformable capsule through a hyperbolic constriction." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 279 (November 25, 1994): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094003848.

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A model for the low-Reynolds-number flow of a capsule through a constriction is developed for either constant-flow-rate or constant-pressure-drop conditions. Such a model is necessary to infer quantitative information on the intrinsic properties of capsules from filtration experiments conducted on a dilute suspension of such particles. A spherical capsule, surrounded by an infinitely thin Mooney-Rivlin membrane, is suspended on the axis of a hyperbolic constriction. This configuration is fully axisymmetric and allows the entry and exit phenomena through the pore to be modelled. An integral formulation of the Stokes equations describing the flow in the internal and external domains is developed. It provides a representation of the velocity at any location in the flow as a function of the unknown forces exerted by the boundaries on the fluids. The problem is solved by a collocation technique in the case where the internal and external viscosities are equal. Microscopic quantities (instantaneous geometry, centre of mass velocity, elastic tensions in the membrane) as well as macroscopic quantities (entry time, additional pressure drop or flow rate reduction) are predicted as a function of the capsule intrinsic properties and flow characteristics. The results obtained for a capsule whose initial diameter is larger than that of the constriction throat show that the maximum energy expenditure occurs when the particle centre of mass is still upstream of the throat (typically 1 diameter away), and is thus due to the entry process. For large enough or rigid enough capsules, the model predicts entrance or exit plugging, in agreement with experimental observations. It is then possible to correlate the variation of the pore hydraulic resistance to the flow capillary number (ratio of viscous to elastic forces) and to the size ratio between the pore and the capsule.

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Kipreos, E. T., S. P. Gohel, and E. M. Hedgecock. "The C. elegans F-box/WD-repeat protein LIN-23 functions to limit cell division during development." Development 127, no. 23 (December 1, 2000): 5071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.23.5071.

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In multicellular eukaryotes, a complex program of developmental signals regulates cell growth and division by controlling the synthesis, activation and degradation of G(1) cell cycle regulators. Here we describe the lin-23 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans, which is required to restrain cell proliferation in response to developmental cues. In lin-23 null mutants, all postembryonic blast cells undergo extra divisions, creating supernumerary cells that can differentiate and function normally. In contrast to the inability to regulate the extent of blast cell division in lin-23 mutants, the timing of initial cell cycle entry of blast cells is not affected. lin-23 encodes an F-box/WD-repeat protein that is orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene MET30, the Drosophila melanogaster gene slmb and the human gene betaTRCP, all of which function as components of SCF ubiquitin-ligase complexes. Loss of function of the Drosophila slmb gene causes the growth of ectopic appendages in a non-cell autonomous manner. In contrast, lin-23 functions cell autonomously to negatively regulate cell cycle progression, thereby allowing cell cycle exit in response to developmental signals.

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Yang, Bin, Junqi Kuang, Chuman Wu, Wenyi Zhou, Shuoji Zhu, Haodong Jiang, Ziwei Zhai, et al. "Screening Genes Promoting Exit from Naive Pluripotency Based on Genome-Scale CRISPR-Cas9 Knockout." Stem Cells International 2020 (February 3, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8483035.

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Two of the main problems of stem cell and regenerative medicine are the exit of pluripotency and differentiation to functional cells or tissues. The answer to these two problems holds great value in the clinical translation of stem cell as well as regenerative medicine research. Although piling researches have revealed the truth about pluripotency maintenance, the mechanisms underlying pluripotent cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into specific cell lineages or tissues are yet to be defined. To this end, we took full advantage of a novel technology, namely, the genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (GeCKO). As an effective way of introducing targeted loss-of-function mutations at specific sites in the genome, GeCKO is able to screen in an unbiased manner for key genes that promote exit from pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) for the first time. In this study, we successfully established a model based on GeCKO to screen the key genes in pluripotency withdrawal. Our strategies included lentiviral package and infection technology, lenti-Cas9 gene knockout technology, shRNA gene knockdown technology, next-generation sequencing, model-based analysis of genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (MAGeCK analysis), GO analysis, and other methods. Our findings provide a novel approach for large-scale screening of genes involved in pluripotency exit and offer an entry point for cell fate regulation research.

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Sinaga, Vela Rostwentivaivi, Anna Fariyanti, and Netti Tinaprilla. "ANALISIS STRUKTUR, PERILAKU, DAN KINERJA PEMASARAN KENTANG GRANOLA DI KECAMATAN PANGALENGAN, KABUPATEN BANDUNG, JAWA BARAT." Forum Agribisnis 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.4.2.101-120.

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High number of production and vast planting area make Pengalengan as granola potato production center of Bandung Regency. Problems faced by potato farmers of the area are price volatility, limited market information, and middleman controlled market. The purpose of this study is to analyze granola potatoes market structure, conduct, and performance at Pangalengan. The methods used are market concentration and market entry and exit barriers to analyze market structure; marketing function (exchange, physical and facilities) to analyze market conduct; and farmer share and marketing margin to analyze market performance. The result shows granola potato market has nine marketing channel, oligopsony market, farmer position as price taker and middleman caused barrier to entry and relatively efficient market performance with an average value of 27,64 percent and an average farmer share of 72,36 percent.

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Ameur, MF, A. Hadj Djilani, R. Zitoune, Krishnaraj V, J. Sheikh-Ahmad, L. Toubal, and H. Bougherara. "Experimental and numerical investigations of the damages induced while drilling flax/epoxy composite." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211055825.

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The influence of the drilling parameters and the stacking sequence of flax/epoxy composite laminate on the cutting force and the damage induced were studied experimentally and numerically. Drilling tests were carried out based on full experimental design and the delamination at the entry and exit of the hole were quantified using an optical microscopy. Moreover, the damages at the wall of the hole were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that the drilling forces and the machining quality are influenced on the one side by the spindle speed and feed and on the other side by the stacking sequence composite plate. In fact, the cutting forces recorded when drilling a composite plate with [90/0/90/0]2s is 30% higher to the one recorded when drilling a composite made with quasi-isotropic stacking sequence. A numerical model was developed in ABAQUS/Explicit using Hashin’s failure criteria in order to predict the cutting forces and the defects induced by the interaction of the drill and composite as a function of the machining parameters. The developed model has been validated at the macro-scale (thrust force) and the meso-scale (delamination at the entry and exit of the hole).

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Le Rolle, Morgane, Filippo Massa, Pam Siggers, Laurent Turchi, Agnès Loubat, Bon-Kyoung Koo, Hans Clevers та ін. "Arrest of WNT/β-catenin signaling enables the transition from pluripotent to differentiated germ cells in mouse ovaries". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, № 30 (23 липня 2021): e2023376118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023376118.

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Germ cells form the basis for sexual reproduction by producing gametes. In ovaries, primordial germ cells exit the cell cycle and the pluripotency-associated state, differentiate into oogonia, and initiate meiosis. Despite the importance of germ cell differentiation for sexual reproduction, signaling pathways regulating their fate remain largely unknown. Here, we show in mouse embryonic ovaries that germ cell–intrinsic β-catenin activity maintains pluripotency and that its repression is essential to allow differentiation and meiosis entry in a timely manner. Accordingly, in β-catenin loss-of-function and gain-of-function mouse models, the germ cells precociously enter meiosis or remain in the pluripotent state, respectively. We further show that interaction of β-catenin and the pluripotent-associated factor POU5F1 in the nucleus is associated with germ cell pluripotency. The exit of this complex from the nucleus correlates with germ cell differentiation, a process promoted by the up-regulation of Znrf3, a negative regulator of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Together, these data identify the molecular basis of the transition from primordial germ cells to oogonia and demonstrate that β-catenin is a central gatekeeper in ovarian differentiation and gametogenesis.

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Păuna, Cristian. "Low risk trading algorithm based on the price cyclicality function for capital markets." Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2019-0006.

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Abstract Buy cheap and sell more expensive is one of the basic ideas of trading the capital markets for hundreds of years. To apply it in practice has become difficult nowadays due to the high price volatility. The uncertainty in the price movements often leads to high-risk allocation. One main question is when the price is low enough for a low-risk entry? Once established an entry point, the second question is how long to keep the open trades in order to optimize the investment efficiency? This article will answer these questions. A general trading algorithm based on the price cyclical behavior will be revealed. The mathematical model is developed using the Price Cyclicality Function combined with other computational techniques in order to establish low-risk intervals. The algorithm will use multiple entry points in order to catch the best price opportunities. A simple empirical exit algorithm will be optimized in order to maximize the profit for a certain capital exposure level. The presented model uses a low number of functional parameters which can be optimized with a reasonable computational effort for any financial market. Trading results obtained for several markets will also be included in this paper in order to reveal the efficiency of the presented methodology. It was found that the Low-Risk Trading Algorithm can be used with good results for algorithmic trading in any financial market. With the right parameters set, this methodology can be wide range applied in the stock markets, currency and cryptocurrency markets, commodities and raw materials markets and even for the real estate investments. The simplicity of the presented model and the good efficiency level obtained will recommend it. This methodology can be used by any investor in order to manage the investment plan with multiple capital markets.

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R., Bosneagu. "The Black Sea ports - the eastern maritime gates of Europe." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIX, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i1-088.

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The port is a place situated on the shore of a sea, river or another waterway, protected by waves and currents, equipped with all the facilities necessary for the mooring, loading, unloading, and repairing of ships. Today, however, the modern seaport exceeds this classical definition, it is a specialized shipping infrastructure, being a complex economic unit with a wider commercial and industrial function than the production process of the major international commercial companies. Black Sea ports are the eastern maritime frontier of Europe, essential gates for entry and exit of imported and exported goods, the eastern maritime facade of Europe.

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Jacques, Danielle, Pedro D’Orléans-Juste, Sheldon Magder, and Ghassan Bkaily. "Neuropeptide Y and its receptors in ventricular endocardial endothelial cells." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95, no. 10 (October 2017): 1224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2017-0290.

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Endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) constitute an important component of the heart. These cells form a monolayer that covers the cavities of the right (EECRs) and left (EECLs) ventricles. They play an important role in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling via their secretion of cardioactive factors such as neuropeptide Y (NPY). They also contribute to cardiac pathology such as arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and heart failure. Differences between EECRs and EECLs contribute to tuning of circulating factors at the entry and exit of the ventricles. NPY, via activation of its receptors, modulates the excitation–secretion coupling of EECs, thus, indirectly modulating cardiac function and remodeling.

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Huang, Ya-Lin, Zeinab Anvarian, Gabriele Döderlein, Sergio P. Acebron, and Christof Niehrs. "Maternal Wnt/STOP signaling promotes cell division during earlyXenopusembryogenesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 18 (April 21, 2015): 5732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423533112.

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DuringXenopusdevelopment, Wnt signaling is thought to function first after midblastula transition to regulate axial patterning via β-catenin–mediated transcription. Here, we report that Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling functions posttranscriptionally already in mature oocytes via Wnt/stabilization of proteins (STOP) signaling. Wnt signaling is induced in oocytes after their entry into meiotic metaphase II and declines again upon exit into interphase. Wnt signaling inhibits Gsk3 and thereby protects proteins from polyubiquitination and degradation in mature oocytes. In a protein array screen, we identify a cluster of mitotic effector proteins that are polyubiquitinated in a Gsk3-dependent manner inXenopus. Consequently inhibition of maternal Wnt/STOP signaling, but not β-catenin signaling, leads to early cleavage arrest after fertilization. The results support a novel role for Wnt signaling in cell cycle progression independent of β-catenin.

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Machmud, Amir, and Asnul Dahar Bin Minghat. "The Price Dynamics of Hand Sanitizers for COVID-19 in Indonesia: Exponential and Cobweb Forms." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v5i2.24431.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in handsanitizer prices in Indonesia. This study is motivated by the increasing demand for handsanitizers which has had an impact on price ratings. The method used is an explanatory survey with an exponential form approach for the demand function and Linear Cobweb Form for the supply function. The structure of the hand sanitizer market is assumed to be a perfectly competitive market. The results of the study indicate that despite changes in prices, the numerical analysis shows that prices are stable. The entry and exit of companies in the market does not affect price stability. This finding implies that after the pandemic the prices of handsanitizers will return to normal, so producers and consumers must remain rational.

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Zhang, Guohua, and Weijia Wang. "Hierarchic Entropy: An Information Theoretic Measure of Evolutionary Robotic Behavioral Diversity." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 31, no. 04 (February 2, 2017): 1751002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001417510028.

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This paper investigates the design of information theoretic-based fitness function for embedded evolutionary robotics (ERs). Such fitness relies on the assumption that interesting behaviors result in a high sensorimotor (individual) diversity. The current simple entropy as a diversity metric only considers individuals’ difference but ignores their spatial relationship. The sensorimotor stream can be analyzed to construct a simple directed graph that has unique entry and exit nodes. This paper proposes a hierarchic entropy as a diversity metric by incorporating the simple entropy and the spatial relationship based graph entropy. Maximizing the hierarchic entropy, achieved by on-board evolutionary algorithm, thus defines a self-driven fitness function enforcing the controller visiting diverse sensorimotor states. The proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the published results of other entropy-based methods only relying on simple entropy, without requiring additional computational resources.

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Lafuente, Esteban, Yancy Vaillant, and Jorge Moreno-Gómez. "Transition in-and-out of exporting and its impact on employment growth." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 1907–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2017-0306.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how different strategic choices related to the transitions in-and-out of exporting (export entry, export persistence, export exit) impact employment growth in Romanian small- and medium-sized businesses. Design/methodology/approach Using linear regression models on a sample of 566 Romanian SMEs, The authors model employment growth as a function of three different dimensions of foreign market participation: export entry, persistence and exit. Findings Results indicate that exporting is positively associated with employment growth. The findings reveal that the different strategic choices linked to exporting have a differentiating impact on employment growth: while employment growth is more pronounced among new exporters which points to the presence of an impulse effect of exporting, businesses that interrupt their exporting activities report employment losses. Research limitations/implications This study underlines the relevance of distinguishing the specific impact of the different export behaviours related to the transitions in-and-out of exporting. Practical implications The results of the study fuel the debate on the relevance of promoting policies that encourage exporting among small businesses operating in emerging economies. Originality/value This study presents an original analysis of the distinctive effect that different forms of export behaviour related to the transitions in-and-out of exporting have on employment growth. The relevance of this study not only flows from the particular empirical design that simultaneously evaluates different export choices and their specific impact on employment growth.

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Wang, Zhi Yue, Wei Min Wu, Wen Rui Ma, Jin Liang Li, and Zhi Wei Huang. "Research on Code Obfuscation Based on Maze Protection Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 1691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.1691.

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In view of the increasingly serious software protection problem, the software protection technology based on code obfuscation is analyzed and researched, and a new software protection system, maze protection is designed and realized. With the principle of maze encryption, this program insert a large number of the complex judgments code between function entry and exit, which change the execution order, enhancing the ability of software protection. On this basis, Anti-debug techniques incorporated into the maze protection, which against the mainstream anti-debugger, increasing the advantage of high anti-reversing, tamper-proof and anti-cracking. Experimental analysis has proved that this maze protection technology was better than other virtual machine protection technologies.

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Ratna Prakash, M., T. Sambasiva Rao, G. Sundara Rao, and N. Gopala Rao. "HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES AS ALTERATIONS, A BIOMARKER STUDY IN THE FISH CATLA CATLA EXPOSED TO SUBLETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF CYFLUTHRIN, A SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15686.

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The fish Catla catla exposed to a synthetic pyrethroid Cyfulthrin, type II category with a cyano group in sublethal concentration (1/10th of LC50 values of 96 hrs) 0.14 mg/L for 10 days. The toxicant had effected on the entry point gill, rendering the fish not to have any normal intake of oxygen and finally the fish succumb to death. The important metabolic organ, liver got effected wherein the metabolism is impaired and the growth of the fish is also not normal. At the exit point, the aminotellic fish kidney, both haemopoietic and excretory organ got also effected and that resulted impairment of excretion function apart from haemogenesis. All will be discussed with the available literature.

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Jafri, Hasnain Mehdi, Congpeng Zhao, Houbing Huang, and Xingqiao Ma. "Effect of Background Magnetic Field on Type-II Superconductor under Oscillating Magnetic Field Simulated Using Ginzburg-Landau Model." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2018 (November 12, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7615862.

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Cubic superconducting sample was simulated using time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model under oscillating magnetic field with and without additional background static magnetic field. Vortex dynamics including entrance and exit from the sample was simulated. Magnetization and carrier concentration densities of the sample were studied as a function of external magnetic field variations. Anomalies in carrier concentration density were observed at certain values of the magnetic field which were correlated with the entrance and exit processes of vortices. Area swept by superconductor magnetization with magnetic field was observed to have a hysteresis-like behavior where area representing energy dissipated per cycle. This energy accumulation was suggested to cause instability in superconductor over the number of cycles and may result in thermal quenching. Temporal distribution of energy components showed consistency with the pattern observed for carrier concentration and magnetization under oscillating magnetic field. Rapid phase changes with magnetic oscillations resulted in oscillations in energy components, and irregular peaks and ripples in superconducting energy represent the situation of exit and entry of vortices. While the rise in interaction energy with cycles is referred to vortex relaxation time in a cycle, this energy is expected to accumulate and take other forms (e.g., heat) and is predicted to cause thermal quenching. In the presence of background static magnetic field, this energy dissipation was calculated to increase significantly while superconductor is subjected to oscillating magnetic field.

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Putri, Esla Wira Yustisia, Mita Apriyana Sari, and M. Arief Hamdi. "OPTIMIZATION OF IMMIGRATION FUNCTIONS ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING THROUGH SELECTIVE POLICY." Journal of Law and Border Protection 3, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v3i2.276.

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Indonesia is involved in accelerating the mobilization of people between countries as a result of the rapid growth of globalization. However, the circulation of the world's population raises some serious problems, one of which is human trafficking. Human trafficking has become a successive problem in the international arena that has not been found to be resolved. International conventions and the Indonesian government have issued several regulations that are used to combat human trafficking. World problems that occur especially in border areas involve the role of immigration in neutralizing world crime, in this case the problem of human trafficking, which is reflected in the immigration function in Law No. 6 of 2011. This cross-border crime is a crucial problem that poses a challenge to immigration in particular. Indonesian immigration authorities in optimizing the selective policy. Selective Policy is one of the implementations of the immigration function in maintaining state security and upholding state sovereignty. This selective policy is used by immigration officers in carrying out their duties and functions to regulate the entry and exit of a person from a country, especially Indonesia.

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Devale, Maksud Mubarak, Gaurav Jatin Kadakia, Vicky Ghewarchand Jain, and Rohit Prakash Munot. "Direct electrical injury to brachial plexus." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 50, no. 02 (May 2017): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijps.ijps_177_16.

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ABSTRACTElectrical current can cause neurological damage directly or by conversion to thermal energy. However, electrical injury causing isolated brachial plexus injury without cutaneous burns is extremely rare. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy who sustained accidental electrical injury to left upper extremity with no associated entry or exit wounds. Complete motor and sensory loss in upper limb were noted immediately after injury. Subsequently, the patient showed partial recovery in muscles around the shoulder and in ulnar nerve distribution at 6 months. However, there was no improvement in muscles supplied by musculocutaneous, median and radial nerves. On exploration at 6 months after trauma, injury to the infraclavicular plexus was identified. Reconstruction of musculocutaneous, median and radial nerves by means of sural nerve cable grafts was performed. The patient has shown excellent recovery in musculocutaneous nerve function with acceptable recovery of radial nerve function at 1-year post-injury.

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Xiao, YK, H. Wu, Q. Fang, and XZ Kong. "A rigid projectile perforation model for metallic targets with the free-surface and fracture effects." International Journal of Protective Structures 8, no. 1 (March 2017): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419617697516.

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The metallic targets are regarded as the compressible power-law strain-hardening materials, and the resistance function coefficients for three kinds of steel and 11 kinds of aluminum targets are obtained based on the spherical cavity-expansion theory. Then, an explicit expression for projectile impact resistance is proposed by curve-fitting, which is simple to use without performing the complex numerical solution. For the projectile perforating on the finite thickness plate, the free-surface effect is realized by multiplying a decay function with the above explicit resistance. Furthermore, a new phenomenological perforation model considering the projectile entry and exit phases, compressibility, rear free-surface and fracture effects of target is established, which is sufficiently verified by comparing with the existing 19 sets of projectile perforation tests and two typical theoretical models. Finally, the influence of the impact velocity on the rear free-surface effect is discussed.

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