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1
Hines, Colin. "Time to Replace Globalization with Localization." Global Environmental Politics 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003322469240.
Анотація:
Globalization is occurring increasingly at the expense of social, environmental and labor improvements, and is causing rising inequality for most of the world. Localization, by contrast, is a process that reverses the trend of globalization by discriminating in favor of the local. The policies bringing about localization are those which increase control of the economy by communities and nation states. The result should be an increase in community cohesion, a reduction in poverty and inequality, and an improvement in livelihoods, social infrastructure and environmental protection, and hence an increase in the all-important sense of security.
2
Borzykh, А. "Scientific fundamentals of the formation of state policy in the plant quarantine." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 63 (November 20, 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2017.63.3-12.
Анотація:
Continually occur thousands of invasions (natural and anthropogenic) harmful organisms into the territory of the country. Alien organisms can acclimatize, take new ecological niches, and compete successfully with local species, sometimes causing irreversible environmental processes and significant economic losses. The development of scientific foundations for identifying and preventing the introduction of regulated pests into the territory of Ukraine involves, first of all, the improvement of the theoretical foundations of quarantine, the development of systems and, in particular, measures to protect the territories from the penetration of the missing and the localization of foci of limited pest infectious organisms.
3
Myers, Allison E., Brian G. Southwell, Kurt M. Ribisl, Sarah Moreland-Russell, J. Michael Bowling, and Leslie A. Lytle. "State-Level Point-of-Sale Tobacco News Coverage and Policy Progression Over a 2-Year Period." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917752108.
Анотація:
Background. Mass media content may play an important role in policy change. However, the empirical relationship between media advocacy efforts and tobacco control policy success has rarely been studied. We examined the extent to which newspaper content characteristics (volume, slant, frame, source, use of evidence, and degree of localization) that have been identified as important in past descriptive studies were associated with policy progression over a 2-year period in the context of point-of-sale (POS) tobacco control. Method. We used regression analyses to test the relationships between newspaper content and policy progression from 2012 to 2014. The dependent variable was the level of implementation of state-level POS tobacco control policies at Time 2. Independent variables were newspaper article characteristics (volume, slant, frame, source, use of evidence, and degree of localization) and were collected via content analysis of the articles. State-level policy environment contextual variables were examined as confounders. Results. Positive, significant bivariate relationships exist between characteristics of news content (e.g., high overall volume, public health source present, local quote and local angle present, and pro–tobacco control slant present) and Time 2 POS score. However, in a multivariate model controlling for other factors, significant relationships did not hold. Discussion. Newspaper coverage can be a marker of POS policy progression. Whether media can influence policy implementation remains an important question. Future work should continue to tease out and confirm the unique characteristics of media content that are most associated with subsequent policy progression, in order to inform media advocacy efforts.
4
Levidow, Les, and Sujatha Raman. "Sociotechnical imaginaries of low-carbon waste-energy futures: UK techno-market fixes displacing public accountability." Social Studies of Science 50, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 609–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312720905084.
Анотація:
To implement EU climate policy, the UK’s New Labour government (1997–2010) elaborated an ecomodernist policy framework. It promoted technological innovation to provide low-carbon renewable energy, especially by treating waste as a resource. This framework discursively accommodated rival sociotechnical imaginaries, understood as visions of feasible and desirable futures available through technoscientific development. According to the dominant imaginary, techno-market fixes stimulate low-carbon technologies by making current centralized systems more resource-efficient (as promoted by industry incumbents). According to the alternative eco-localization imaginary, a shift to low-carbon systems should instead localize resource flows, output uses and institutional responsibility (as promoted by civil society groups). The UK government policy framework gained political authority by accommodating both imaginaries. As we show by drawing on three case studies, the realization of both imaginaries depended on institutional changes and material-economic resources of distinctive kinds. In practice, financial incentives drove technological design towards trajectories that favour the dominant sociotechnical imaginary, while marginalizing the eco-localization imaginary and its environmental benefits. The ecomodernist policy framework relegates responsibility to anonymous markets, thus displacing public accountability of the state and industry. These dynamics indicate the need for STS research on how alternative sociotechnical imaginaries mobilize support for their realization, rather than be absorbed into the dominant imaginary.
5
GHORI, Umair Hafeez. "“Reverse Permissibility” in the Renewable Energy Sector: Going Beyond the US-India Solar Cells Dispute." Asian Journal of International Law 8, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 322–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204425131600028x.
Анотація:
AbstractRecent years have witnessed a rise in conflict between WTO members over the use of state subsidies designed to promote the renewable energy sector. Government subsidies are seen by domestic polic-ymakers as a key catalyst in attracting foreign investment, building capacity, and meeting other domestic policy goals. However, subsidies and other state incentivization programmes often carry trade-distorting effects. This paper examines the current state of WTO law and jurisprudence on subsidies extended to achieve environmental goals, in particular the Canada-Renewable Energy/Feed-in Tariff case and the more recent India-Solar Cells case which higlights the localization problem in the renewable energy sector. The case outcome shows that the WTO continues to maintain the status quo by prioritizing free trade over environmental considerations. The paper also discusses the possibility of reform in the GATT/WTO framework for promotion of renewable energy initiatives while maintaining the integrity of the system.
6
Schwindenhammer, Sandra. "The New Regionalism in Global Organic Agricultural Governance Through Standards: A Cross-Regional Comparison." Global Environmental Politics 18, no. 3 (August 2018): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00469.
Анотація:
In recent years, scholars in global environmental politics have contributed to the development of regional environmental governance (REG) research. This article contributes to the ongoing debate from an international relations perspective. It provides findings from a comprehensive qualitative comparative analysis of the six regional organic agriculture standards (OAS) in Europe, East Africa, the Pacific, Central America, and Asia. Building on research on norm localization, the analysis draws attention to interactions between the global and regional regulatory levels, regional issue-specific normative infrastructures, and the pooling of different sources of political authority by transnational entrepreneurs and regional agents. The analysis serves three purposes in the light of the ongoing debate on REG: (1) to conduct systematic comparative research; (2) to locate regional OAS within the context of conceptual debates about global norm and policy diffusion, critical norm research, policy mobilities, and comparative regionalism; and (3) to outline future areas of research.
7
Torretta, Vincenzo, and Gabriela Ionescu. "Environmental assessment of the MSW treatment from the transport point of view." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2015-0043.
Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to point out some important elements that can be useful to minimize the impacts and the results can possibly inform business and policy makers about how to minimize the impacts associated to the municipal solid waste (MSW) collection. Design/methodology/approach – The present work faces with the problem of transport, placing attention to the relationship of emissions from scenarios that has been selected between real systems of management. Findings – The choices related to the typology of treatment has the same importance to the item concerning the correct localization of the plant for the implications related to the environmental pressure due to the transport of waste. Originality/value – An important aspect that has to be considered in terms of MSW management is the stage of collection. The emissions generated from these systems can arrive to values that are of the same order of magnitude of emissions from combustion of waste in waste-to-energy plants according to some scenarios.
8
Williams, E., and FJ Papatheofanis. "PCN21 4D LOCALIZATION SYSTEM WITH TRANSPONDERS FOR CONTINUOUS TARGET LOCALIZATION FOR SET-UP AND TRACKING DURING RADIATION THERAPY: EARLY HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT." Value in Health 9, no. 3 (May 2006): A110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)64646-3.
9
Zhao, Hong, Liang Mu, Yan Li, Junzheng Qiu, Chuanlong Sun, and Xiaotong Liu. "Unregulated Emissions from Natural Gas Taxi Based on IVE Model." Atmosphere 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040478.
Анотація:
Emissions from motor vehicles have gained the attention of government agencies. To alleviate air pollution and reduce the petroleum demand from vehicles in China, the policy of “oil to gas” was vigorously carried out. Qingdao began to promote the use of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in 2003. By the end of 2016, there were 9460 natural gas (NG) taxis in Qingdao, which accounted for 80% of the total taxis. An understanding of policy implementation for emission reductions is required. Experiments to obtain the taxi driving conditions and local parameters were investigated and an international vehicle emissions (IVE) localization model was established. Combined with vehicle mass analysis system (VMAS) experiments, the IVE localization model was amended and included the taxi pollutant emission factors. The result indicates that annual total carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from actual taxis are 6411.87 t, carbureted hydrogen (HC) emissions are 124.85 t, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are 1397.44 t and particulate matter (PM) emissions are 8.9 t. When the taxis are running on pure natural gas, the annual emissions of CO, HC, NOx and PM are 4942.3 t, 48.15 t, 1496.01 t and 5.13 t, respectively. Unregulated emissions of annual total formaldehydes, benzene, acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadience emissions from an actual taxi are 65.99 t, 4.68 t, 1.04 t and 8.83 t. When the taxi is running on pure natural gas, the above unregulated emissions are 12.11 t, 1.27 t, 1.5 t and 0.02 t, respectively.
10
Altingoz, Mehmet, and Saleem H. Ali. "Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border." Journal of Environment & Development 28, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496519859680.
Анотація:
Due to historical grievances, Armenia and Turkey experience severe international conflicts and do not maintain diplomatic ties. Yet, as a vestige of the Soviet period, when Armenia was not an independent country, both nations share the Arpacay/Akhuryan Dam, and riparian cooperation exists at the local level. We observed that local cross-border water institutions are authorized to manage the dam and do so via polycentric management principles. We suggest that such a devolved model of governance facilitates this unique cooperation. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between private management of water resources in such areas and the ability to sustain cooperation. However, so far, the positive impacts of this cooperation on improving international relations have been little, if any. We suggest that what makes cooperation possible in this context also inhibits its expansion to broader peacebuilding. We also suggest that increased localization of management, coincident with improved relations, maximizes cooperation potential.
11
Kudryashova, Irina, and Kirill Korsakov. "Greening as a Factor of Transition to Sustainable Development in Coal-Mining Regions." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910504020.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to solving the problem of environmental pollution, which is one of the main negative factors of economic development in the coal-mining regions of the Russian Federation. The study of theoretical and practical approaches to the formation and implementation of the mechanism of greening at the level of subjects of the Russian Federation and their municipalities, the comparison of the definitions of “greening of the economy” and “greening of the regional economy”, “greening of production (enterprise)” in a multi-level context, taking into account the differentiation of the scale and instruments of environmental policy. A multi-level and multi-criteria approach to the study of the process of greening, the formation of ecological and economic mechanism of functioning of coal-mining regions, taking into account the processes of localization and globalization. It is proved that greening is the most important factor in ensuring the transition to sustainable development of coal-mining regions, and economic growth involves an inextricable combination of economic and environmental management.
12
Olson, Douglas P., Barry G. Fields, and Donna M. Windish. "Geographic Localization of Housestaff Inpatients Improves Patient–Provider Communication, Satisfaction, and Culture of Safety." Journal for Healthcare Quality 37, no. 6 (2015): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jhq.12054.
13
Williams, E., and MM Najib. "PCN28 A MARKOV MODEL EVALUATING THE COST-UTILITY OF A 4D REAL-TIME ELECTROMAGNETIC TRACKING SYSTEM (CALYPSO® 4D LOCALIZATION SYSTEM WITH BEACON TRANSPONDERS) IN THE LOCALIZATION OF PROSTATE TUMORS DURING RADIOTHERAPY." Value in Health 10, no. 3 (May 2007): A132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)68939-5.
14
Sinha, Vibha, Kannan Pakshirajan, and Rakhi Chaturvedi. "Chromium tolerance, bioaccumulation and localization in plants: An overview." Journal of Environmental Management 206 (January 2018): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.033.
15
Barkin, J. Samuel. "The Counterintuitive Relationship between Globalization and Climate Change." Global Environmental Politics 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638003322469259.
Анотація:
Scholars and activists are concerned, sometimes simultaneously, with mitigation of anthropogenic climate change and the environmental effects of globalization. Many analysts argue that a solution to both problems is localization; increasing the costs of transportation should increase the cost of long-distance transportation, making local and regional exchange economically relatively more efficient. The argument here, however, is that dealing with climate change will have the effect of reinforcing patterns of economic globalization, at the expense of patterns of economic nationalization and continentalization. Transportation by sea has historically been, and continues to be, more fuel-efficient than transportation by land. Limiting anthropogenic carbon emissions in transportation therefore favors sea transport over land transport. Historically, patterns of trade favored global seaborne trade routes over trade within land-based regions. The model to look in understanding the effect of action on climate change on global trade pattens, therefore, is not the future proposed by the localists, it is at historical patterns.
16
Ďungel, Ján, Peter Zvolenský, Juraj Grenčík, Lukáš Leštinský, and Ján Krivda. "Localization of Increased Noise at Operating Speed of a Passenger Wagon." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020453.
Анотація:
Noise generated by railway wagons in operation is produced by large numbers of noise sources. Although the railway transport is considered to be environmental friendly, especially in production of CO2 emissions, noise is one of problems that should be solved to keep the railway transport competitive and sustainable in future. In the EU, there is a strong permanent legislation pressure on interior and exterior noise reduction in railway transport. In the last years in Slovakia, besides modernization of existing passenger wagons fleet as a cheaper option of transport quality improvement, quite a number of coaches have been newly manufactured, too. The new design is usually aimed at increased speed, higher travel comfort, in which reduction of noise levels is expected. However, not always the new designs meet all expectations. Noise generation and propagation is a complex system and should be treated such from the beginning. There are possibilities to simulate the structural natural frequencies to predict vibrations and sound generated by these vibrations. However, the real picture about sound fields can be obtained only by practical measurements. Simulations of the wagon’s natural frequencies and mode shapes and measurements in real operation using a digital acoustic camera Soundcam have been done, which showed that for the calculated speeds the largest share of noise from the chassis was not radiated through the floor of the wagon, as was expected, but through the ceiling of the wagon. To improve the acoustic properties of the wagon at higher speed, it was proposed to use high-volume textile insulation in the ceiling of the wagon. The paper briefly presents modern research approaches in the search for ways to reduce internal noise in selected wagons used in normal operation on the Slovak railways.
17
Guekht, AB, EI Gusev, JB Belousov, AV Bykov, FK Dzugaeva, LE Milchakova, and TV Mitrokhina. "PNP13 QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL) AND PHARMACOECONOMICAL ASPECTS IN PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC LOCALIZATION-RELATED EPILEPSIES (SLE) IN MOSCOW." Value in Health 5, no. 6 (November 2002): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)61358-7.
18
Candelieri, Antonio, and Enza Messina. "SECTORIZATION AND ANALYTICAL LEAKS LOCALIZATION IN THE H2OLEAK PROJECT: CLUSTERING-BASED SERVICES FOR SUPPORTING WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS MANAGEMENT." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 11, no. 5 (2012): 953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2012.119.
19
Dalglish, Sarah L., Melissa N. Poulsen, and Peter J. Winch. "Localization of health systems in low- and middle-income countries in response to long-term increases in energy prices." Globalization and Health 9, no. 1 (2013): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-9-56.
20
Wang, Yani, Mingyi Du, Lei Zhou, Guoyin Cai, and Yongliang Bai. "A Novel Evaluation Approach of County-Level City Disaster Resilience and Urban Environmental Cleanliness Based on SDG11 and Deqing County’s Situation." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 5713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205713.
Анотація:
City disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness are two representative indicators used to assess the safety of human settlements in China’s Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). Traditional research on SDGs mainly concentrated at large-scale spatial level, such as global level or national level. It brings unclear significance to the implementation of SDGs in the county-level. The goal of this paper is to find a new calculation method to apply the index of urban disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness to the evaluation of county-level areas. A localization of county-level city disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness based on Deqing County’s situation was carried out. With quantification and projections of local data, the assessments of city disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness have completed. The evaluation showed that city disaster resilience is maintained at a low level, while indicators of urban cleanliness are lower than standards. The prediction of urban per capita environmental impact index based on Grey Time-Series Prediction Model was finished. The forecast showed that the urban per capita impact indicators in the next three years have not exceeded the standard line. The two indicators used to assess the safety of human settlements were consistent with the sustainable development of urban settlement. Partial results of this research were reported as a “county sample” at the first UN Geographic Information Conference held in Deqing in 2018.
21
Uchvatov, Pavel S. "THE CHANGE OF GENERATIONS IN THE SOVIET REGIONAL ELITE (on the example of the Mordovian ASSR government in 1934–1991)." Historical Search 2, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-2-46-57.
Анотація:
The article examines the development of the regional elite in the Soviet historical era using the example of the supreme state administration authority of a one particular autonomous republic. Several transformation stages in the elite of functionaries that was in power in Mordovia from the 1930s to 1991:
1) early 1930s – mid-1937 The national elite, formed during the Mordovian statehood formation, consisted, first, of autonomy supporters who were active in the 1920s; secondly, of people who came to the system of power as a result of Soviet «localization policy» applied to the control organs. They held leading positions until mass political repressions of 1937–1938.;
2) the end of the 1930s – the first half of the 1950s. There was an advancement of representatives of the so-called Stalinist control organs. Soviet «localization policy» was curtailed, and the number of the Moravians in the Soviet authorities decreased; the majority in the Council of People’s Commissars of the Mordovian ASSR was relatively young managers aged 30–40 years. Despite a frequent change of personnel, already in the second half of the 1940s there was a tendency of relative stabilization in the government composition;
3) mid-1950s – late 1960s. A core of experienced leaders who were working in their positions for quite a long time formed in the Council of Ministers. Its chairman I.P. Astaykin, who held this position for more than 15 years, had a great influence on the government;
4) the 1970s – late 1980s. After the change in the Republican party leadership, representatives of a new generation came to power. However, renewal of personnel was subsequently replaced by «stagnant» phenomena: a long stay in power of individual managers, gradual aging of the Council of Ministers members, the growth of the total number of managers;
5) late 1980s – 1991 As a result of the union center’s initiatives, as well as attainment of the maximum age by many regional leaders, there was some renewal in the composition of the Council of Ministers. But the old party and economic nomenclature continued to maintain its position in the republic until the very end of the Soviet system.
22
Negrini, C., and A. Falcone. "PCN34 EFFECT OF METASTASIS LOCALIZATION ON SYMPTOMS AND ASSISTANCE COSTS IN ADVANCED NSCLC PATIENTS. FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM THE HABIT STUDY." Value in Health 9, no. 6 (November 2006): A286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)63464-x.
23
Assumma, Vanessa, Marta Bottero, Alessio Ishizaka, and Menelaos Tasiou. "Group Analytic Hierarchy Process Sorting II Method: An Application to Evaluate the Economic Value of a Wine Region Landscape." Environmental Modeling & Assessment 26, no. 3 (April 17, 2021): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10666-020-09744-4.
Анотація:
AbstractIn the ongoing context of climate change, there is an increasing need to support decision-making processes in the domain of landscape planning and management. Suitable evaluation techniques are needed to take into account the interests of actors and stakeholders in shared policy decisions. An important methodological contribution to the field is given by the Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), due to its ability to combine multiple aspects of a decision problem with the values and opinions expressed by different Decision Makers. The present paper develops the “Group Analytic Hierarchy Process Sorting II method” (GAHPSort II), which aims to sort a group of municipalities included in the UNESCO site “Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero, and Monferrato” (Italy) according to the economic attractiveness of the landscape. Extending the previous versions AHPSort I, AHPSort II and GAHPSort, the GAHPSort II optimizes multi-stakeholder evaluations on large databases by reducing the number of comparisons. Moreover, the GAHPSort II method is proposed as a novel spatial decision support system because it combines a set of economic indicators for landscape and GIS methods for aiding the Decision Makers to better understand the case study and to support the definition and localization of policies and strategies of landscape planning and management.
24
Demichelis, Francesca, Francesco Piovano, and Silvia Fiore. "Biowaste Management in Italy: Challenges and Perspectives." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 4, 2019): 4213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154213.
Анотація:
The aim of this work is the development of a methodology for the technical and environmental assessment of biowaste valorization in 2G biorefineries. Italy was chosen as case study, considering years 2016–2017. Approach: the Italian context was evaluated through the following key parameters: Gross domestic power, climate, demography, and population density distribution described the Italian framework. The four most abundant biowaste categories were defined through their amounts and geo-localization: wastewater and sewage sludge (WSS, 4.06 Mt/y), organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW, 1.7 Mt/y), agricultural livestock waste (ALW, 5.7 Mt/y), and waste deriving from the food industry (FIW, 2.6 Mt/y). The geo-localization and quantitative evaluations of the available biowaste amounts were aimed at defining the dimension and localization of the biorefinery plant and at optimizing supply and transport chains, while the qualitative characteristic were aimed to evaluate the most promising process among thermo-valorization (TH) and anaerobic digestion (AD). Results: All considered biowastes were appropriate for biorefinery processes, since carbon content exceeds 40% and the carbon–nitrogen ratio was between 10 and 30. All biowaste categories were evaluated as feedstocks for two biorefinery processes: anaerobic digestion (AD) and thermo-valorization (TH) with energy recovery. Compared to TH, AD achieved in all cases the best performances in terms of produced energy and avoided CO2 emissions. The primary energy production of AD and TH for WSS, OFMSW, ALW, and FIW were respectively: 7.89 vs. 2.4 kWh/kg; 8.7 vs. 2.6 kWh/kg; 10.85 vs. 5.5 kWh/kg; and 12.5 vs. 7.8 kWh/kg. The main findings of this work were: the adoption of AD was technically more suitable than TH; AD increased the avoided CO2 emissions of 10%–89.9% depending on biowaste category.
25
Aiginger, Karl. "European competitiveness and sustainable development – A policy-oriented response to “Rethinking the role of the EU in enhancing European competitiveness”." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 31, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): 883–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-03-2021-0039.
Анотація:
Purpose The world order is changing, with the lead of the US waning, along with its reduced commitment to rule-based multilateralism during the past administration. China is on the way to becoming number one again, investing abroad with primarily egoistic motives and steered by an authoritarian domestic regime. Meanwhile, the EU is striving for a new geopolitical role, while becoming more heterogenous. Design/methodology/approach The paper measures performance and competitiveness not only according to conventional criteria but also based on broader welfare indicators. The ultimate aim of competitiveness is to deliver well-being. Decentralized local strategies are presented, but also the need for guidance by societal goals. Findings What we measure matters. The EU is underperforming in per capita GDP and failing to close the gap in labour productivity towards the frontier defined by the USA. But it is leading in environmental and social indicators, has an accessible health system and provides increasing longevity. This performance nevertheless has to be improved, if climate goals should be fulfilled and upcoming new inequalities addressed. Originality/value Localization and place-based strategies have advantages, but also harper the danger that negative spillovers may not be minimized and positive not used. Innovation is a search process but has to be directed by goals in Europe and globally. Otherwise, change incurs high costs and many losers, fostering nationalism and populistic calls to return to a past glory that never existed.
26
Dai, Jianhui, and Rashid Menhas. "Sustainable Development Goals, Sports and Physical Activity: The Localization of Health-Related Sustainable Development Goals Through Sports in China: A Narrative Review." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Volume 13 (September 2020): 1419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s257844.
27
Apud, Agustina, Robert Faggian, Victor Sposito, and Diego Martino. "Suitability Analysis and Planning of Green Infrastructure in Montevideo, Uruguay." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 9683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229683.
Анотація:
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) has the potential to address a wide range of challenges associated with rapidly growing cities in a changing climate, while also providing multiple environmental, economic and social benefits. However, the location of projects is often determined according to a single potential benefit rather than a set of benefits. Furthermore, while UGI is recognized as a successful strategy to support resilience in many cities around the world, it has not been implemented in Uruguay. This study develops a model to identify priority areas in need of green infrastructure in Montevideo, Uruguay. The GIS-based model, termed the “Green Infrastructure Suitability Model” (GISM) is based on a multi-criteria decision analysis approach and is similar in structure to land suitability analysis. The model considers a range of socioeconomic, biophysical and environmental factors to prioritize the need for UGI across the case-study region. Resulting suitability maps identify areas for multifunctional UGI localization in places where benefits can be maximized. The GISM has potential as a tool to support future planning for multifunctional UGI.
28
Fogarassy, Csaba, and András Nábrádi. "Proposals for low-carbon agriculture production strategies between 2020 and 2030 in Hungary." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2015/4/1.
Анотація:
When viewed from the perspective of climate policy, agriculture as a separate sector is one of the most difficult development areas to assess. One of the reasons for this is the problem of the localization of greenhouse gas emitters, caused by the fact that production takes place in small or dispersed production units. The special circumstance that unit production takes place in complex interactive systems (food, feed, energy sources, main products, by-products, etc.) is yet another special factor, which in addition makes it significantly more difficult to measure and identify the GHGs they emit than if they were a uniform production plant. Additionally, there are few sectors outside agriculture where decision-makers encounter such strong opposition and lobby interests when developing limiting regulations. This stems from the fact that following World War II, European decision-makers and the Common Agricultural Policy elevated agriculture to a prominent role whose importance was indisputable. As a result, both climate policy and other measures that would result in any reduction of the priority of the sector are very difficult to implement, since the players involved always reason that limitations would restrict their competiveness and the security of their production. In addition, the uncertain nature of regulatory elements also poses a grave problem. As an example, the name of the sector itself – the LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) sector – shows that the strategy for reducing the greenhouse gasses emitted by the whole sector would be significantly different if these units were treated separately (agricultural land use, forest, not-cultivated areas). Taking the above into account, the present study aims to identify development directions that in turn allow those low-carbon development directions to be pinpointed within animal husbandry and plant production that have the greatest feasibility and can contribute to decreasing the GHG environmental load exerted by agriculture.
29
Xie, Mengfan, Yanyan Zou, and Yi Zhou. "Natural Gas Power Generation to Promote the Construction of Ecological City." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802028.
Анотація:
As an unsustainable resource, it is of great significance to explore more efficient and low-carbon ways of using energy. With the fast development of China’s economy, most cities are faced with the pressure of ecological environment to varying degrees. The construction of ecological city is not only the need of ecological protection and improvement of natural environment, but also the requirement of urban development. Compared with coal-fired power generation, natural gas power generation has advantages in terms of environmental pollution, energy utilization efficiency and resource occupancy, and is one of the ideal energy sources for eco-city construction. However, at present, there are constraints such as lack of subsidy policy, high fuel price, dependence on import of equipment and high cost of construction and maintenance. In the long run, the development of gas-fired power generation industry should be actively and prudently promoted from the aspects of strengthening the construction of supporting facilities and the guarantee of gas source, perfecting the mechanism of electricity price, and increasing the localization rate of key equipment, so as to achieve the goal of optimizing industrial structure, saving energy and reducing emissions, and facilitating the construction of China’s ecological city.
30
Karim, Karim, Islam, Muhammad-Sukki, Bani, and Muhtazaruddin. "Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 5774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205774.
Анотація:
Bangladesh’s constant growth with an annual 6% plus Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for more than the last two decades and achievements in other socio-economic metrics in recent times is impressive and recognized by various global authoritative bodies. The extent of overwhelming economic ventures in the private sector coupled with the commitments of the government clearly demonstrates the transformation of the country from a primarily agro-based economy to one influenced by the manufacturing and service sectors. Bangladesh is fortunate to have fossil fuel reserves on a limited scale, though these are not enough to run the ongoing massive scale development activities, both in private and public sectors. Thus, the constant and uninterrupted supply of energy at an affordable price remains a serious concern for the successive governments. Therefore, this issue of supply of constant energy has turned to be an important part in the national development agenda. Besides, the country is one of the worst victim nations of the devastating effects of global warming and climate change. As Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable place in the world map with the availability of plenty of renewable energy sources (RES), the policymakers started to take initiatives leading to exploiting these sources to meet the energy demand of the country. There are both prospects and administrative, legal, technological, socio-cultural and environmental challenges. To address these challenges, it requires comprehensive policy initiatives. A good number of technical and scientific research containing findings and recommendations are available. This paper, which is based on adopting a qualitative research methodology where the contents of secondary sources were analyzed, is an initial attempt to highlight the renewable energy developments in Bangladesh, and subsequently, to evaluate the relevant legal and policy initiatives in the light of international best practices. We advance several recommendations that the stakeholders can consider exploiting RES effectively to attain inclusive, equitable and sustainable development in Bangladesh. These include, inter alia: (1) Enhancing government participation to lead the development of renewable energy (RE); (2) ensuring localization of RE technology; (3) reducing the expenses of energy generation through RES and providing assistance in initial investments; (4) introducing comprehensive legal and regulatory policy for the development of RE industry in Bangladesh; and (5) conducting effective public awareness.
31
Cao, Xuanwei, and Ali Quazi. "Does an institutional factor influence corporate environmental strategy?" Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-08-2015-0075.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to illustrate how institutional factors, such as Guanxi (connectedness) mechanism in a transition economy, could impact managerial cognition and their temporal orientation at individual level as well as induced change on corporate environmental strategy (CES). More specifically, this paper explores the micro foundation of corporate strategy change in an attempt to examine how corporate strategic choice and actions evolve with managerial cognition of “Guanxi” with various temporal orientations. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the extant literature focusing on Guanxi and CES with special attention to the temporal orientation in strategy formulation. A conceptual framework is proposed to analyze the underlying mechanism of Guanxi in mediating and shaping CES. A multi-case study with four companies operating in two industry sectors were investigated considering their relative long foothold as well as their different postures and dynamic change of corporate environment strategy in the past decades. Findings The findings support recent critiques on the likely shift in strategic choice of firms from the traditional Guanxi-based to a rule-based format. The interactions between entrepreneurial cognition and strategic activities toward environmental issues were still influenced by deep relational embeddedness. The findings proved that managerial Guanxi cognition impacts managers’ temporal orientation and their strategic choice on CES. Foreign-invested enterprises in the process of localization face the potential risk of emerging backdrop of their CES, i.e. from more active strategy to more reactive strategic posture, whereas local private-owned enterprises show a transformation from reactor to follower and even pioneer in the wave of those entrepreneurs’ changing cognition on the role of Guanxi in their businesses. Research limitations/implications One main limitation of the study is the lacking of quantitative measurement of corporate environment performance. Although the paper used multiple cases to explore the dynamics of Guanxi on impacting CES, only with further development of effective scale measurement to test corporate environment performance can increase the explaining power of the proposed theoretical model in this study. It is important to note that with data of longitudinal measurement of corporate environment performance, it would be more convincing to show the outcome of the temporal lens of Guanxi on CES. However, the lacking availability of qualified disclosed data on indicating corporate environment performance constrains another limitation for the study. Considering the complexity of corporate environment strategy, the focus cases in the paper might still lack powerful and convincing illustration to prove the impact of Guanxi on CES despite the enriched contextual data and description. It is necessary to conduct deeper analysis to exclude the impact of other possible factors on CES to highlight the direct impact of Guanxi on CES. Practical implications The results of the in-depth analysis and interpretation of the exploration of the cases suggest that Guanxi still seems to dominate managerial thinking process as the norm is deeply rooted in their mind sets. However, Guanxi is no longer considered as a mere reactive cultural norm rather a positive mechanism through which Chinese firms can achieve their sustainable environmental strategic goals as well as economies prosperity in the rapidly competitive business landscape in modern China. Originality/value Previous research on CES largely neglected the context factors. This paper presents a conceptual model to deepen our understanding of the contextual factor of Guanxi with a temporal perspective and its consequent influence on CES. This helps policy makers as well as strategic management researchers and academics to reconsider the mechanism of adaptation and selection in shaping CES in the event of large scale institutional change.
32
Jia, Susan (Sixue). "Local Food Campaign in a Globalization Context: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137487.
Анотація:
As a basic commodity, food has undergone thorough globalization, with the global food market totaling 1392 billion USD in 2019. Despite such a great amount of global food trade, the idea of favouring the consumption of local food, or local food campaigns, has won ever growing attention and advocacy in recent years as an effort to enhance social and environmental sustainability. This systematic review study draws wisdom from the extant literature and provides critical thinking on how local food differs from non-local food and whether the two are more antagonistic or more complementary. Results suggest that although the term “local food” has hardly been clearly defined, it is possible to accommodate different opinions in a set of common constructs in Eriksen’s “three domains of proximity”. Regarding the strengths of local food, researchers agree more on its strong personal connection, distinctive culture, and high quality, but less on its supporting local economy, reduced energy consumption, and environmental friendliness. Meanwhile, local food has its current weaknesses in terms of higher price and unsuccessful information communication; however, these are not without solutions. Overall, while food localization and globalization differ in purpose, they can well co-exist, promote collaboration rather than confrontation, and together accelerate the sustainable growth of the food market.
33
Rai, Ankush, and Jagadeesh Kannan R. "MULTI-SCALE MODELING OF TERRITORIAL DYNAMICS OF GEOSPATIAL ANTHROPOGENIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 13 (April 1, 2017): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s1.19744.
Анотація:
The development of any region or territory stems from its own dynamic nature. Distribution and consumption of energy resources are varied territorially which in turn is ruled by the number of anthropogenic activities in association with geospatial localization. Such territorial dynamics necessitate considerable modifications of the energy infrastructure. Thus, the development of a computational multi-scale unified energy consumption model with the usage of geographic information help in automating data analysis processes for sustainable urban planning, allocation of energy saving infrastructures and strategic deployment of the renewable energy resources in order to finely regulate the utilization of energy resources for sustainable energy consumption. But the integration of city-wide energy system models and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is still in its infancy. Thus we propose a computational infrastructure for modeling city wide geospatial energy consumption and automating the data analysis process to provide the sustainable environmental policy which require artificial intelligence based geospatial aware comprehensive planning regarding the modification of the energy supply, consumption, activities and infrastructures in cities. Thus end result of the presented research research work is fine-grained energy demand estimation from data sources, decentralized storage facility and automated sustainable planning; investigation of GIS based anthropogenic activities or mobility pattern influencing the wastage of energy resources, the transition from purely structural to operational planning, and, finally, the development of a new dynamic based power market design.
34
Shan, Xiaonian, Xiaohong Chen, Wenjian Jia, and Jianhong Ye. "Evaluating Urban Bus Emission Characteristics Based on Localized MOVES Using Sparse GPS Data in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102936.
Анотація:
Bus emissions have become one of the important contributing factors in urban environmental pollution due to the frequent use of heavy-duty diesel engines in the day-time. Local bus driving cycles have a significant influence on bus emissions under the different traffic conditions. This study investigated the operation mode distributions and emission characteristics for urban buses based on localized MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) using sparse Global Position System (GPS) data in Shanghai, China. Sparse GPS data from forty-three buses were prepared, and then bus trajectories were reconstructed to calculate local bus driving cycles, including model description, model calibration, and trajectory reconstruction. MOVES localization was conducted for emission estimation mainly focusing on the bus emission inventory comparison between US and China. Bus emission factors were estimated based on the localized MOVES from the aspect of different driving conditions. Results show that with the increase in average traveling speed, the proportion of idling operation mode showed a decreasing trend. Four typical vehicle operation mode distributions were identified with different average speeds to show the impact of traffic conditions. Bus emission factors first rapidly decreased and then slowly declined towards some minimum values. Bus lanes exhibited emission reduction benefits under serious traffic congestion. The findings of this study have great importance for transportation operation management and policy-making to reduce bus emissions, as well as improving air quality.
35
Imashev, Eduard. "REGULATION OF THE ASYMMETRY IN SPATIAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION." CBU International Conference Proceedings 2 (July 1, 2014): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v2.479.
Анотація:
Based on the research results, the scientific work indicates economic trends and issues in the territorial organization of the economy and population of West Kazakhstan region. Analysis of the spatial development in the economic sphere has shown that there is a territorial localization of the productive forces in the north of West Kazakhstan region. The typology of the West Kazakhstan administrative districts was formed according to their level and pace of socioeconomic and environmental development, from 1997 to 2011, on the basis of rank-scoring methodology. The results of this work demonstrate that the Northern administrative districts of West Kazakhstan region have a relatively high or an average level of social and economic development. A low level of social and economic development characterizes the administrative districts located to the south, west, southwest and southeast of West Kazakhstan region. These spatial differences reveal the current asymmetry in the level of social and economic development of the administrative districts, which determined the need for detecting major priorities in regulation of spatial social and economic development of the region. Thus, we propose the basic priorities for the spatial regulation of social and economic development of West Kazakhstan region within the framework of an effective intra-regional policy. The research results can be used by local government agencies to develop a regional management program for spatial social and economic development of West Kazakhstan region.
36
Williams, E., and MM Najib. "PCN2 ASSESSING THE NET HEALTH OUTCOMES OF A 4D ELECTROMAGNETIC TUMOR TRACKING SYSTEM DURING RADIOTHERAPY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER:A HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF THE CALYPSO® 4D LOCALIZATION SYSTEM WITH BEACON® TRANSPONDERS." Value in Health 10, no. 3 (May 2007): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)68913-9.
37
Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina, Marco Carnevale Miino, Sauro Manenti, Sara Todeschini, Enrico Sperone, Gino Cavallo, and Alessandro Abbà. "Identification and Localization of Hydrodynamic Anomalies in a Real Wastewater Treatment Plant by an Integrated Approach: RTD-CFD Analysis." Environmental Processes 7, no. 2 (June 2020): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40710-020-00437-4.
38
Ambrosino, Daniela, and Anna Sciomachen. "Impact of Externalities on the Design and Management of Multimodal Logistic Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 5080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095080.
Анотація:
It is now widely accepted that the locations of intermediate facilities, such as logistics platforms or inland ports, are key elements of multimodal freight distribution networks and heavily influence their effectiveness. This crucial role of localization decisions is even more significant if we consider their impact on the external costs of the entire logistic corridor, with reference to the cost components associated with environmental sustainability. This paper faces a facility location problem concerning a port system network serving inbound container flows arriving by sea and travelling via road and/or rail towards the hinterland. The aim is to evaluate the impact of externalities on the overall management of the distribution network, including location decisions, flow routing and transport mode choice. We present a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model having the goal of minimizing both the location and shipping costs, while accounting for external cost components. In particular, as a novel environmental issue, we propose three different objective functions including congestion, air pollution, and, incidentally, noise and infrastructure deterioration. We allow the containerized flows to be split among several capacitated facilities and road and rail transport modalities. The reported computational experimentation refers to different intermodal freight logistic networks through real data derived from the logistic network departing from the maritime terminals associated with the port of the Ligurian region towards their main destinations in the north-west side of Italy. Finally, we evaluate the impact on both flows and total costs due to a closure or a capacity reduction on some links of the network. The evidence of the impact of sustainability external costs on the design and management of the multimodal logistic network under analysis is emphasized.
39
Pillajo-Quijia, Giovanny, Blanca Arenas-Ramírez, Camino González-Fernández, and Francisco Aparicio-Izquierdo. "Influential Factors on Injury Severity for Drivers of Light Trucks and Vans with Machine Learning Methods." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041324.
Анотація:
The study of road accidents and the adoption of measures to reduce them is one of the most important targets of the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. To further progress in the improvement of road safety, it is necessary to focus studies on specific groups, such as light trucks and vans. Since 2013 in Spain, there has been an upturn in accidents in these two categories of vehicles and a renewed interest to deepen our understanding of the causes that encourage this behavior. This paper focuses on using machine learning methods to explain driver-injury severity in run-off-roadway and rollover types of accidents. A Random Forest (RF)-classification tree (CART) approach is used to select the relevant categorical variables (driver, vehicle, infrastructure, and environmental factors) to obtain models that classify, explain, and predict the severity of such accidents with good accuracy. A support vector machine and binomial logit models were applied in order to contrast the variable importance ranking and the performance analysis, and the results are convergent with the RF+CART approach (more than 70% accuracy). The resulting models highlight the importance of using safety belts, as well as psychophysical conditions (alcohol, drugs, or sleep deprivation) and injury localization for the two accident types.
40
Dube, Kaitano. "Sustainable Development Goals Localisation in the Hospitality Sector in Botswana and Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158457.
Анотація:
Many countries have fronted tourism as a tool for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in their voluntary national reviews. Nevertheless, very few studies have examined how the tourism industry has been localising SDGs. Therefore, this study is borne out of that knowledge gap. A qualitative approach comprising the use of primary and secondary data from integrated annual reports was adopted. The study found some progress made by hotel companies in localising SDGs. It emerged that Cresta Hotels and the African Sun group of hotels are only at the inception stage of SDG localisation, focusing on several SDGs that respond to the socio-economic and environmental demands of the environments they work in. Given that most of the work under the SDGs only began inception between 2018 and 2019, there is still a long way to go before meaningful progress can be reported regarding SDG localization, with preliminary evidence showing that the hotel industry is likely to have made significant inroads when the SDGs lapse in 2030 if their efforts are not disturbed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study recommends continuous monitoring and support for the sector as the SDG framework offers a better and more focused sector to achieve sustainable and responsible tourism in Zimbabwe and Botswana.
41
Hansen, Jeanette, Stig Mølsted, Ola Ekholm, and Henrik Hansen. "Pain Prevalence, Localization, and Intensity in Adults with and without COPD: Results from the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey (a Self-reported Survey)." International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Volume 15 (December 2020): 3303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/copd.s275234.
42
Kiessling, Christopher Kurt. "Internalización del principio de las responsabilidades comunes, pero diferenciadas: interpretaciones desde la sociedad civil brasileña/Internalization of the Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities: Interpretations from the Brazilian Civil." Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales, no. 25 (February 25, 2019): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/letrasverdes.25.2019.3663.
Анотація:
El principio de las responsabilidades comunes, pero diferenciadas, ha sido una norma constitutiva de la política climática global. Su interpretación tradicional sostiene que diferentes niveles de protección ambiental deben esperarse entre los países desarrollados y los países emergentes y/o en vías de desarrollo. Sin embargo, dicho sentido comenzó a ser cuestionado y contestado por actores de la sociedad civil, tanto a escala global como en contextos domésticos particulares. En este artículo se describe el proceso de localización del principio de las responsabilidades comunes, pero diferenciadas, en el discurso doméstico brasilero de la sociedad civil organizada sobre cambio climático entre los años 2005 y 2015, desde una perspectiva constructivista de las Relaciones Internacionales. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se plantean las diversas interpretaciones y reinterpretaciones del principio por parte de actores no estatales en Brasil.
Abstract
The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities has been a constitutive norm since the origins of the global climate policy. The traditional interpretation of this norm maintains that different levels of environmental protection should be expected between developed countries and emerging and/or developing countries. However, this interpretation began to be questioned and challenged by civil society actors, both globally and in particular domestic contexts. This article describes the process of localization of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the Brazilian domestic discourse of organized civil society on climate change between the years 2005 and 2015, from a constructivist perspective of International Relations. To achieve this objective, the different interpretations and reinterpretations of the principle by non-state actors in Brazil are presented.
43
Vullings, Cécile, and Laurent Madelain. "Control of saccadic latency in a dynamic environment: allocation of saccades in time follows the matching law." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00634.2017.
Анотація:
When exploring the visual environment, one uses saccades to shift gaze and fixation to gather spatially and temporally localized information. We propose that the temporal structure of our environment should constrain the temporal allocation of saccades. Here we probe the possibility of learning to control saccadic latencies in a choice paradigm. Six participants made saccades within 80–300 ms following a target horizontally stepping by 10° between two fixed locations. For each participant we constructed two classes of latencies, “short” and “long,” using the first and last quartiles of the individual baseline distribution (e.g., [80;152] ms and [185;300] ms, respectively). We then concurrently reinforced each class in three blocked conditions across ~60 experimental sessions per participant, using different reinforcement probabilities such that the relative ratio of reinforcement rates for short vs. long latencies was 9/1, 1/9, or 1/1. Latency distributions followed the reinforcement conditions: distributions shifted toward the shorter or longer values or became strongly bimodal. Moreover, the relative rates of short over long latencies matched the relative rates of reinforcers earned for the corresponding latencies (slope up to 0.95), which reveals the ability to choose when to saccade. Our results reveal that learned contingencies considerably affect the allocation of saccades in time and are in line with recent studies on the temporal adjustment of behavior to dynamic environments. This study provides strong evidence for fine operant control of saccadic latency, supporting the hypothesis of a cost-benefit control of saccade latencies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Saccades may be regarded as an information-foraging behavior mostly concerned with the spatial localization of objects, yet our world is dynamic and environmental temporal regularities should also affect saccade decisions. We present behavioral data from a choice task establishing that humans can learn to choose their saccadic latencies depending on the reinforcement contingencies. This suggests a cost-benefit-based policy that takes into account the learned temporal properties of the environmental contingencies for controlling saccade triggering.
44
Zikou, Eva, Nikos Varsakelis, and Aikaterini K. Sarri. "Does public sector crowd out entrepreneurship? Evidence from the EU regions." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 866–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-03-2017-0100.
Анотація:
Purpose The decision to engage in entrepreneurial activities is grounded in personal characteristics (motivation) and external environmental factors. One of the main external factors might be the structure of the regional economic activity. Does a high share of the public sector affect positively regional entrepreneurship or vice versa? Does the diversity in regional economic activity is conducive for entrepreneurial development or the regional comparative advantage as expressed by spatial economies of scale offering more entrepreneurial opportunities? Even though economic analysis has extensively examined the impact of the public sector size on the overall national economic activity (the crowding out effect), this impact has not been into scrutiny at regional level on microeconomic issues, such as the decision to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The authors further investigate the relation between diversity and entrepreneurship at regional level. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses data for 264 NUTS II EU regions. The time span of the data set is 1999-2008. The paper applies panel data analysis to explain the cross-time cross-section variation of the dependent variable: the self-employment share in total employment at regional level. In order to measure the existence of crowding out from public sector to regional entrepreneurship, the authors use the share of regional public sector gross value added over total regional gross value added. The diversity of the regional economic activity is measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Concentration Index across sectors. Findings The findings of the paper show that there is a negative correlation between public sector share and regional entrepreneurship. Hence, as at national level, the increase in the role of the public sector in the regional economic system crowds out regional entrepreneurship. The second finding indicates that the impact of the diversity of the regional economic activity on regional entrepreneurship is inconclusive. Originality/value The originality of this paper is due to the fact that the role of the public sector on regional economic phenomena, such as entrepreneurship, is examined for the first time. Also, the investigation of the relationship between diversity (vs localization economies) and entrepreneurship is performed using data for the full sample of regions of the European Union. The findings of the paper have significant policy implications since they provide useful inputs for the design of the regional development policy. The reduction of the public sector at regional level may contribute in entrepreneurial development and finally in regional economic growth and prosperity. Besides, the regional industrial policy should focus on the exploitation of the spatially constraint economies of scope in the framework of the Triple Helix model.
45
Recanatesi, Fabio, Chiara Giuliani, and Maria Ripa. "Monitoring Mediterranean Oak Decline in a Peri-Urban Protected Area Using the NDVI and Sentinel-2 Images: The Case Study of Castelporziano State Natural Reserve." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2018): 3308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093308.
Анотація:
Climate change and human activities in particular are important causes of the possible variations in Mediterranean basin forest health conditions. Over the last decades, deciduous oak-forest mortality has been a recurrent problem in central and southern Italy. Despite the perception of increasingly visible damage in oak forests in drought sites, the role of various environmental factors in their decline is not completely clear. Among the modern methods of monitoring terrestrial ecosystems, remote sensing is of prime importance thanks to its ability to provide synoptic information on large areas with a high frequency of acquisition. This paper reports the preliminary results regarding a replicable and low cost monitoring tool planned to quantify forest health conditions based on the application of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), using the diachronic images provided by the Sentinel-2 satellite. The study area is represented by a peri-urban forest of natural Mediterranean deciduous oaks, characterized by a high variability in the composition of the species and in the silvicultural structures. In order to monitor the health conditions of a specific forest canopy cover with remote sensing data, it is necessary to classify the forest canopy cover in advance to separate it from other species and from the Mediterranean scrub. This is due to the spatial distribution of vegetation and the high rate of biodiversity in the Mediterranean natural environment. To achieve this, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, forest management data and field sampling data were analyzed. The main results of this research show a widespread decline in oak health conditions over the observed period (2015–2017). Specifically, for the studied area, thanks to the specific localization of the oak canopy cover, we detected a high potential concerning the Sentinel-2 data application in monitoring forest health conditions by NDVI application.
46
Adamchuk, Leonora, Natalia Dudchenko, Natalia Henhalo, Dina Lisohurska, and Kateryna Pylypko. "Characteristics of dew honey from Ukraine." FOOD RESOURCES 9, no. 16 (June 25, 2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2021-16-01.
Анотація:
The subject of research – dew honey is highly valued in the food industry, and the authentication of its origin, in particular the differentiation from blossom honey, the assessment of its safety and quality requires the use of adequate parameters. In this context, sensorial indicators are the primary attributes available for use by ordinary consumers. The said indicators, together with melissopalynological analysis, are the indicators of the botanical and geographical origin of honey. Physical and chemical parameters supplement the information on the characteristics of the localization of the samples, as well as assess their safety and quality. The purpose of the study was to determine the differences between the pollen spectrum, sensorial, physical and chemical parameters of Ukrainian dew honey of different regional origin. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the sensorial, physical and chemical characteristics, as well as pollen profile of 8 samples of dew honey were analyzed. The results of the study. For most of the criteria for assessing the physical and chemical parameters obtained during the study, the data can be considered as being within the ranges of parameters values established within the national regulatory framework for safety and quality of honey – DSTU 4497:2005 ‘Natural honey. Specifications’ and the Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine of June 19, 2019 № 330. However, all samples did not meet national criteria for the electrical conductivity and more than a half of all samples did not meet national criteria for the mass fraction of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The spectrum of pollen showed the presence of high content of spores of fungi, yeast, and green algae, the content and ratio of those differed due to the geographical origin of honey samples. The sensorial evaluation was performed for color, taste, aroma, consistency and crystallization, the presence of fermentation signs. The tendency to crystallize was detected in half of the honey samples, all samples were characterized by a brown range of different tinges, the smell and taste of each sample had a unique bouquet determined by the origin of honey. In one sample of honey with the high yeast content, the initial stages of fermentation were observed, which were accompanied by the presence of vinegar odor. The results obtained in this study indicate satisfactory quality, acceptable freshness, as well as the authenticity of each individual sample of honey. The special characteristics of dew honey differ from those of flower honey, therefore, it may be appropriate to revise the national regulatory framework to adjust the requirements for assessing honey safety and quality. Scope of research results is to apply the obtained results for further authentication of dew honeys for further study of their properties and wide application in the field of nutrition.
47
Perez-Valdes, Gerardo A., Vibeke S. Nørstebø, May-Britt Ellingsen, Jukka Teräs, and Adrian T. Werner. "Bioeconomic Clusters—Background, Emergence, Localization and Modelling." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 24, 2019): 4611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174611.
Анотація:
Industrial Clusters, especially those based on biologically sourced materials and their derivative products, can play an important role in the global shift to more sustainable production methods and ecological economic systems. The concept of cluster, however, is difficult to define and study. This paper presents quantitative methods based on Input-Output and Operations Research analysis to establish and plan cluster operations and complement that with qualitative reflections on the nature of these clusters. The purpose is to bring together both dimensions and demonstrate their complementarity, with social and policy aspects being as important considerations as techno-economic-driven ones. Using a case study, hypothetical clusters using numerical methods are created; the clusters produced by numerical methods point to and raise important issues related to the need to utilize qualitative analysis in conjunction to pure economic motives while designing/planning industrial clusters.
48
Smerichevskyi, Serhii, and Svitlana Gura. "STRATEGIC MECHANISMS OF REGULATING THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT IN UKRAINE." Green, Blue & Digital Economy Journal 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2021-1-8.
Анотація:
The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the strategic mechanisms for regulating the European integration development of air transport in Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on the imperatives of European integration development of air transport of Ukraine, defined in the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the one part, and Ukraine, on the other part. Quantitative research is based on the analysis of the volume and structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade in air transport services, calculation of the export-import coverage ratio, determination of the share of transport and air transport services in aggregate services in total foreign trade, including with the EU. Results of the paper consist in assessing the impact of the external environment on the European integration development of the Ukrainian aviation transport. The conclusion was reached on its turbulence, complexity and contradiction, while the advantageous geographical location and strategic positions of Ukraine in the region were determined as the main favorable factors. The research also singles out the following negative signs of the external environment: declining competitiveness of the Russian-Asian lanes for domestic air carriers, localization of air services in connection with hostilities in the East of Ukraine; restriction of air traffic in the context of preventive measures to combat the spread of coronavirus infection; insufficient material and technical base: lack of funding, outdated technologies, low level of innovation, environmental friendliness, safety, insufficient quality of transport services, limited social benefits; aimed at ratification of the CAA Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, as well as the draft Aviation Transport Strategy of Ukraine. The present research also identified such negative effects of COVID-19 on the development of air transport, as: a significant decrease in air passenger transport services and airlines’ revenues, a decrease in the rating of world aviation, termination and bankruptcy of a number of airlines and airports due to air traffic restrictions. It determined the place of air transport services in the system of foreign economic trade in services with the EU countries, and developed measures to increase them. Practical implications consist in the elaboration of the main strategic guidelines for the development of aviation: introduction of a simplified procedure for implementing the provisions of EU legislation into the legislation of Ukraine; ensuring environmental safety and energy saving of civil aviation facilities; innovative renewal of aircraft fleet and reduction of their harmful impact on the environment through the introduction of the latest technologies; settlement of issues relating to the establishment of airport charges for the servicing of aircraft and passengers at Ukrainian airports; development of airport infrastructure; creation of multimodal cargo complexes; approximation of SAAU and European Commission requirements to certification systems in the areas of primary airworthiness, airworthiness maintenance and maintenance of aircraft and its components; expansion of Ukraine’s voluntary participation in the program of compensation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from international aviation within the CORSIA program, introduction of administrative procedures for monitoring emissions by operators of civil aircraft on international flights under the MRV standards. Value/originality. The present research substantiates strategic foundations of the institutional transformations of the development of aviation transport in the context of the European integration choice of Ukraine and the transition to monovectorality, elimination of defects of dependence on the trajectory of the preceding traffic and polyvectorality. It also proposes legal, policy, investment and infrastructure integration mechanisms.
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Chauhan, Pratibha, Pooja Sharma, Rahul Chauhan, and Ayushi Jain. "National eCommerce Policy: What India’s new (Draft) eCommerce Policy outlines for Online Retailers and its Regulatory aspects." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v7i3.335.
Анотація:
The India Draft National eCommerce Policy is a high-level policy document proposed by India's Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade in February 2019. It sketches out a series of policy recommendations that range from useful consumer protections to non-constructive protectionist industry regimes that would likely backfire and hurt businesses, entrepreneurs and consumers alike. The best of these recommendations would institute stricter consumer protections against annoying, unsolicited phone calls and emails. But the worst of them would make data transfers difficult, impose onerous liability on third party platforms, and institute data localization that would reduce business and consumer choices.Within India, the draft policy boosts the government‟s schemes/ programmes, such as Digital India, Skill India, Make in India and Startup India, which rely on eCommerce and its components. For instance, it has introduced norms for consumer protection, recognized the importance of data, its protection and storage, granted infrastructure status to data centers and server farms, integrated different systems to track imports and introduced anti-counterfeiting and anti-piracy measures.It is also in sync with the recently updated industrial policy which reflects the underlying brick-and-mortar economy. However, the stakeholders, including industry, its associations and the independent policy community, point out that in the government‟s enthusiasm to address all these many aspects of eCommerce, the Draft Policy has become ambiguous, raising questions about whether it is intended to be an internet policy or a specific eCommerce policy. (1)The National eCommerce Policy is aimed to address concerns which go beyond the sale and purchase of products by electronic means. For example, environmentally sustainable growth by outlining regulatory aspects on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, suitable policy will be devised to promote “reduce, reuse and recycle” practices by stakeholders. In the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, economic development is based on data which is generated, stored, transmitted or processed in large volumes. The increasing importance of data warrants treating it at par with other resources on which a country would have sovereign right. The Policy recognizes the importance of data while enabling the domestic industry to benefit from the advantages and opportunities created by electronic commerce. (2)
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Li, Dongxue, Kang Yang, Zhaoyi He, Hanlin Zhou, and Jiaqi Li. "Acoustic Emission Wave Velocity Attenuation of Concrete and Its Application in Crack Localization." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 7405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187405.
Анотація:
The accurate localization of an acoustic emission (AE) source is a vital aspect of AE nondestructive testing technology. A model of wave velocity attenuation caused by the extension of transmission distance is established to analyze the attenuation of AE wave velocities in concrete and thus improve the acoustic source localization accuracy from the perspective of modified velocity. In combination with the exhaustive and region localization methods, a region exhaustive localization method is established based on the modified wave velocity. The results indicate that the smaller the water–cement ratio, the larger the reference wave velocity, and the spatially dependent attenuation of wave velocity increase. Moreover, the larger the aggregate particle size, the larger the reference wave velocity, and the greater the attenuation of wave velocity with distance. For a propagation distance of 1000 mm, the AE wave velocity attenuation exceeds 50% compared with the AE velocity. The optimized localization method reduces the number of nodes calculated, thus improving the method’s accuracy when used for localization.