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Статті в журналах з теми "Espèces ingénieurs"
Temgoua, Lucie Félicité, Raphaël Njoukam, and Régis Peltier. "Plantations ingénieuses de bois d'oeuvre par les paysans de l'Ouest-Cameroun." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 309, no. 309 (September 1, 2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2011.309.a20467.
Повний текст джерелаGROSCLAUDE, F. "Introduction." INRAE Productions Animales 10, no. 1 (February 7, 1997): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1997.10.1.3972.
Повний текст джерелаCornec, Cécile Le. "L’anguille dans les textes scientifiques et littéraires médiévaux." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 21 (December 17, 2009): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.21.07lec.
Повний текст джерелаLAMAND, Florent, and Xavier CUCHERAT. "Les Naïades de la région Grand-Est : état des connaissances et perspectives." Naturae, no. 6 (March 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/naturae2021a6.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Espèces ingénieurs"
Hamani, Vincent. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des écosystèmes portuaires : interactions entre les organismes filtreurs et leur environnement." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS013.
Повний текст джерелаThe hyper-anthropization, particularly along our coasts, has profoundly modified the environment. New structures, such as harbors, emerging, forming “true” ecosystems. Among the multitude of species inhabiting the port, one group seems particularly interesting to study: the filter feeders (bivalves and tunicat). These organisms have a strong interaction with the port environment due to their behaviour. Indeed, by remaining anchored to the structures, they are constantly subjected to the environmental factors that characterize the port and their feeding behavior, the filtration, leads them to be in contact with a large quantity of water and therefore with the elements that are in it. The objective of this thesis is to study this particular socio-ecosystem that is the port environment through this key group: the filter feeders. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this work, has allowed :-to study and map the communities of filter feeders present in the marina of La Rochelle; showing the complexity of their community and the fact that they are impacted by anthropogenic and hydrosedimentary factors.-to analyze the effect of two common contaminants in the port environment, copper and zinc, on the metabolism of a model filter-feeder organism : the scallop (Mimachlamys varia); and to show that they impacted several metabolic pathways involved in numerous biological functions, such as osmoregulation, oxidative stress, energetic metabolism, reproduction and apoptosis.- to highlight the fact that filter feeders are involved in the composition of the mud by remobilizing the sediments present in the water column and by modifying their physico-chemical properties; and that is species dependent and is strongly modulated by environmental conditions such as the level of organic matter.- to develop several innovative sampling and analysis methods needed to understand this particular environment
Rigolet, Corinne. "Diversité structurelle et fonctionnelle des peuplements sablo-vaseux de Bretagne sud : impact de l'expansion d'Haploops nirae." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066180.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims here, based on the case of the Bay of Concarneau, to understand the impact of the development of dense populations of the tubiculous amphipod Haploops nirae on the structural and functional diversity of sandy-mud communities of South Brittany. The study of Haploops communities was developed on various levels of organization of life, from the specific role of Haploops nirae to functional role of Haploops community in the ecosystem passing through the description of the community composition and its role on the biodiversity. Our results suggest firstly that the functional role of Haploops nirae alone (filtration pressure, secondary production) is potentially important. Moreover, the physical changes induced by Haploops were found to have important consequences on the composition of species assemblages and species diversity. In contrast, the study of the functional diversity addressed by biological traits analysis (BTA) and secondary production at the community scale reveals that the functional consequences of Haploops occupation in an ecosystem are generally low. In addition, the analysis of the trophic functioning of benthic communities from the Bay of Concarneau (through the use of stable isotopes) showed low incidence of Haploops occupation on the functioning of the benthic food web. Although Haploops communities are not characterized by profound functional changes, trophic flows to higher trophic levels, however, are likely to be affected by the presence of Haploops
Barnay, Anne-Sophie. "Structure des peuplements de sables fins plus ou moins envasés en Manche : échelles spatiales et biodiversité." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066014.
Повний текст джерелаBottollier-Curtet, Marion. "Conséquences des invasions végétales sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes riverains fluviaux." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743158.
Повний текст джерелаFournier, Gérald. "Évolution et civilisation : report des pressions sélectives, émancipation et ‘technosymbiose’ : de l’anthropologie de Charles Darwin à l’économie évolutionniste étendue." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10237.
Повний текст джерелаIs the selective process irrelevant, does it persist, or is it dialectically achieved in civilization? Two general theses arise from this question: (1) either the progressive extinction of natural selection, human society thus witnessing a genuine vital emancipation or (2) the persistence of selection pressures, the system of selective constraints thus remaining effective. In fact, this question was outlined in 1871 with Charles Darwin’s “anthropology”; his anthropology and notably his social Darwinism, a form of displacement of selection pressures continue to be debated today. Confronted with the thesis of the doctrinal inconsistency of this “anthropology” which allows Darwin’s words to be interpreted at will, we shall put forward a form of coherence based on the concept of sympathy and the combined effects of selection, culture and habits. We shall then put forward a theory of vital emancipation that combines the persistence of selection pressures and emancipation via a technosymbiotic process, a neologism similar to cultural niche construction (Odling-Smee). Considering civilization as an ecological niche and culture as a parameter will solve most theoretical problems, notably related to the identity dualism associated with a conventional approach to man and society. Our reflection on civilization will lead us to focus on and investigate into the economic biotope understood as an essential and specific feature of our ecological niche. Following this approach, man’s biological emancipation coexists with a system of selectionist constraint in a biotope that is, as a consequence, increasingly biomimetic
De, almeida Tania. "Impact d’une espèce ingénieure de l’écosystème et son utilisation en restauration écologique : Le cas de Messor barbarus (L.) dans les pelouses méditerranéennes Above- and below-ground effects of an ecosystem engineer ant in Mediterranean dry grasslands Harvester ants as ecological engineers for Mediterranean grassland restoration: impacts on soil and vegetation A trait-based approach to promote ants in restoration ecology." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0358.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis was double: (i) to assess the impact of an ant species on its ecosystem, in order to (ii) deduce potential applications in the field of ecological restoration.Ants are among the most abundant organisms in terrestrial ecosystems and occupy a wide range of geographical areas. They play key ecological roles in many ecosystems as soil engineers, predators or regulators of plant growth and reproduction. However, the information collected locally is often fragmented and does not provide a complete overview of the impact of a species on its environment.Messor barbarus (L.), known to redistribute seeds and to modify the soil physico-chemical properties, is widespread in South-Western Europe, particularly in Mediterranean grasslands. Therefore, it may play a major role in the composition and structuring of these ecosystems, which are characterised by high biodiversity but whose abundance and surface area have decreased drastically in recent decades.Through a multi-compartment study, we confirmed the hypothesis that M. barbarus is an ecological engineer in Mediterranean grasslands. This species changes this habitat by modifying, as expected, soil physico-chemical properties. These modifications are associated with an increase in both biomass and heterogeneity of plant communities, as well as changes in above- and belowground fauna (abundance, occurrence and structure of communities). Messor barbarus profoundly changes trophic and non-trophic relationships within and between species and their habitat. The heterogeneity created locally by the activity of M. barbarus leads to a diversification of ecological niches within these grasslands.Despite their major role in the functioning of ecosystems, ants are rarely considered in restoration ecology. In our study site, corresponding to a dry grassland rehabilited after an oil leak and a soil transfer, M. barbarus contributed to accelerate the restoration of the soil physico-chemical properties but also of the seed bank in the medium term - seven years after the rehabilitation. These results make this species a good candidate for ecological engineering.In order to generalise the use of ants in restoration ecology, we propose a trait-based methodology for stakeholders. We evaluated the potential of ants in restoration ecology, then listed all the traits known to affect abiotic and biotic compartments and/or relevant to monitor the success of the restoration phase. The proposed methodology provides a first selection of potentially relevant species according to the restoration objectives
Cognat, Mathis. "Rôles des facteurs environnementaux et des interactions biomorphodynamiques sur l’évolution spatio-temporelle des herbiers de zostères dans une lagune mésotidale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0170.
Повний текст джерелаSeagrass meadows are a fundamental biological component and provide many ecosystem services in coastal areas. Understanding their evolution and interactions with their physical environment is a major scientific issue. In Arcachon Bay, seagrass meadows of Zostera notlei (the largest in Europe) and Zostera marina have sharply regressed over the last two decades. In the meantime, an increase in suspended sediment concentrations and significant morphological changes were observed. Based on this regional case study, the objectives of this thesis are to better underestand the physical causes of seagrass bed regression, and also to quantify the physical consequences of the egression and possible feedback processes.An extensive monitoring of biological, chemical and physical parameters at nine sites during one year showed the extreme variability of the environmental conditions to which the Z. noltei beds are subject in Arcachon Bay, the important demographic, morphological and biochemical differences between plants of different sites. Some of these differences reflect their ability to adapt to the intensity of a forcing. A logistic growth model has shown that in addition to light, the main parameters that control the development of Z. noltei at the scale of the bay are hydrodynamic forcing. However, at the local scale, other factors such as organic matter content or microtopography may be predominant.In a second step, an analysis combining historical data and hydrodynamic modelling scenarios showed that the maximum depth colonized by the two species of seagrass strongly declined between 1989 and 2016. This analysis suggests that lack of light had an effect on the evolution of the distribution of the two species. In addition, it was found that the regression of Z. noltei began on the steepest areas of the tidal flat, which correspond to the edges of the channels and were therefore subject to the most intense currents, suggesting again an effect of intensity of currents on the distribution of Z. noltei.The results of numerical simulations showed that the regression of both species induces a significant increase in hydrodynamic energy, not only locally in areas where the seagrass have declined, but also remotely, at the level of main channels and up to near the mouth.In addition, the hydrodynamic effects induced by the initial regression of Z. Marina (1989-2007) contributed to the first phase of the decline of Z. noltei meadows. These results partially confirm the hypothesis that feedback processes between hydrodynamics and regression of seagrass beds occurred during the first stage of seagrass decline. Furthermore, the direct hydrodynamic consequences of the first regression phase of the two species (1989-2007) accounted for more than 75% of the second regression phase of Z. noltei (2007-2012). These results fully confirm the existence of feedback processes and highlight their predominant role in the dynamics of Z. noltei meadows.As far as Z. marina is concerned, it finally appears that the current conditions do not allow colonization of the areas from which it disappeared. On the contrary, due to its intertidal position making it less susceptible to high turbidity, Z. noltei could recolonize some tidal flats that present favourable hydrodynamic conditions. This process of recolonization, leading to a reduction of the hydrodynamic energy and to the local improvement of the light conditions, could self-amplify by adjaceting to each other and then promote the recovery of Z. marina in the channels