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Дисертації з теми "Ethiopia Population"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 19 лютого 2022

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1

Kinfu, Ashagrea Yohannes. "The quite revolution : an analysis of the change toward below-replacement-level fertility in Addis Ababa." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011218.163822/index.html.

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2

Kanagwa, James R. "Establishing Mobile Financial Services in Ethiopia." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2319.

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Mobile phone service is increasing among low income populations; however, with over 1 billion mobile service users worldwide, many people still lack banking services. Banks do not reach out to the poor because of the high operational costs involved. Scholars and industry practitioners have indicated that mobile phones could be an alternative channel for delivering financial services to the less advantaged and unbanked, without requiring a traditional bank with a branch network. The purpose of this bounded case study was to explore the strategies bank managers used to implement the new mobile banking service to the Ethiopian community. The new product development theory served as the conceptual framework for this study. Twenty experienced bank managers were interviewed from the leading private bank in Ethiopia. Data were segmented and categorized. After member checking and triangulation, data were sorted into 4 themes: development, testing, commercialization of new products or services, and an organizational commitment to adopt new technologies and innovative processes. The findings may contribute to the body of knowledge regarding strategies bank managers can use for implementing and introducing new products in order to contribute to the prosperity of individuals, businesses, and communities.

3

Tesfaye, Fikru. "Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Ethiopia : the rural-ruban gradient." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1543.

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4

Fekadu, Abebaw. "Studies on affective disorders in rural Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37813.

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Background Affective disorders are poorly defined and studied in sub-Saharan Africa despite their substantial public health impact. Objectives Overall objective: To describe the epidemiology of selected affective disorders in rural Ethiopia. Specific objectives 1. To describe the validity and utility of the concept of minor depressive disorder (mD). 2. To describe the manifestation, prevalence and the short-term clinical and functional course and outcome of bipolar disorder. Subjects and methods Population: Zay community residents (age ≥16), and residents of Butajira (ages 15-49), in Southern Ethiopia. Study design: Population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Case identification: For the identification of cases with bipolar disorder, a two stage process was employed. An initial screen used key informants and interview with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to identify cases with probable bipolar disorder. A second confirmatory diagnostic assessment stage employed the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). For the identification of cases with mD, data from the CIDI was used. Follow-up: 312 cases with bipolar disorder from Butajira were followed up for a mean of 2.5 years (ranging 1-4 years) through monthly clinical assessments and annual symptom and functional ratings. Results The CIDI was administered to 1714 adults among the Zay and to 68, 378 adults among the Butajira residents. The prevalence of mD among the Zay and Butajira was 20.5% and 2.2% respectively. Up to 80% of cases with mD had used services for their symptoms, while a third to a half of cases had thought about self harm. Up to a sixth of cases had attempted suicide. Age, marital status, education and somatic symptoms were independently associated with mD. The prevalence of bipolar disorder among the Zay was 1.8%. During a 2.5-year follow-up of 312 cases with bipolar disorder from Butajira, 65.9% relapsed (47.8% manic, 44.3% depressive and 7.7% mixed episodes) while 31.1% experienced persistent illness. Female gender predicted depressive relapse whereas male gender predicted manic relapse. Only being on psychotropic medication predicted remission (OR=3.42; 95% CI=1.82, 6.45). Disability was much worse among bipolar patients than in the general population and was predicted by symptom se3verity. Conclusions This is the largest study on mD and bipolar disorder in Africa. mD appears to have potential clinical utility in this setting given its association with service use and risk. The identified risk factors for mD also suggest potential aetiological continuity with major depression. The relatively high prevalence of bipolar disorder among the Zay may be related to genetic predisposition perhaps mediated through a founder effect, but other factors need exploring. In relation to the outcome of bipolar disorder, this study indicates that, contrary to previous assumptions, the course of bipolar disorder is characterised by both manic and depressive relapses in a relatively proportionate fashion. Bipolar disorder also leads to significant levels of disability. This is the only prospective outcome study of bipolar disorder in Africa where cases were monitored systematically at short assessment intervals. Therefore, findings are likely to be more robust than previous reports.

5

Endo, Noriko Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Simulation of hydrology and population dynamics of Anopheles mosquitoes around the Koka Reservoir in Ethiopia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88393.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-96).
This thesis applies the HYDRology, Entomology and MAlaria Transmission Simulator (HYDREMATS) to the environment around a water resources reservoir in Ethiopia. HYDREMATS was modified to simulate the local hydrology and the mosquito population dynamics influenced by the reservoir system. The hydrology component of HYDREMATS including a representation of the groundwater was coupled with a reservoir model to describe the spatiotemporal variability of the groundwater table, and the variability in shoreline locations. The entomology component was modified to match the relatively humid environment. HYDREMATS was applied to two villages around the Koka Reservoir in Ethiopia, one adjacent to the reservoir, Ejersa, and the other located 12 km away from it, Gudedo. Meteorological data were collected from July 2011 to February 2013. Entomological data collection started in July 2012 and continued until February 2013. Adult mosquitoes were sampled from the two field sites and classified at the genus level, i.e., Anopheles or Culex. Because of their geographical proximity, the climatology in Ejersa and the climatology in Gudedo were comparable; however, entomological conditions in the two villages were distinct. Ejersa experienced an enhanced and prolonged mosquito season. HYDREMATS was able to simulate the hydrology and the population dynamics of Anopheles mosquitoes at both sites for the period, from January 2012 to February 2013. The model applied to Ejersa simulated a large mosquito population and a prolonged mosquito breeding season because of the existence of the reservoir, in agreement with observations. Especially, a large mosquito population in the post-rainy season was sustained in the simulation due to a large shoreline breeding area. The model applied to Gudedo simulated smaller mosquito population, but it failed to reproduce observed adult mosquito population dynamics correctly. However, the simulated adult mosquito population dynamics in Gudedo resembled those of the observed larvae samples. Further model calibration and validation will be conducted as more data become available. This study demonstrates that HYDREMATS can serve as an effective tool to simulate local hydrology and mosquito population dynamics at a reservoir environment, given hydrological and entomological parameters specified for the given field site.
by Noriko Endo.
S.M.

6

Azerefegne, Ferdu. "The sweet potato butterfly Acraea acerata in Ethiopia : ecology and economic importance /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5701-7.pdf.

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7

Fantahun, Mesganaw. "Mortality and survival from childhood to old age in rural Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1559.

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8

Meressa, Beira Hailu [Verfasser]. "Distribution, Population Dynamics and Sustainable Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Cut-Flowers in Ethiopia / Beira Hailu Meressa." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1077268939/34.

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9

Bekele, Tesfaye. "Plant Population Dynamics of Dodonaea angustifolia and Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata in Dry Afromontane Forests of Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för evolutionsbiologi, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-493.

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Human disturbance has led to excessive deforestation and to a very limited forest cover in the Afromontane zone of Ethiopia, which forms a large part of the country. Thus urgent conservation measures are required to ameliorate the situation. Understanding the natural regeneration processes and the dynamics of plant populations of tree and shrub species has a practical application in the restoration of these habitats. The present study focuses on the population dynamics and regeneration of an early successional shrub Dodonaea angustifolia and a late successional tree Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata in southern Wello, Ethiopia. Population structure and dynamics, regeneration and seed banks in dry Afromontane habitats were considered. For both species, three population structure patterns were identified: 1) high density, reversed J-shape structure with many seedlings and few large individuals, 2) lower density, unimodal structure with higher proportions of plants of intermidiate size, 3) high density with higher proportions of large plants , in some cases bimodal with small and large individuals. Vegetation type and protection time were found to have a significant effect on the population structure of both species. Dodonaea can establish itself on degraded land, once the disturbance has ceased Projection matrix analysis on observations from permanent plots in Dodonaea populations in protected and unprotected sites resulted in one declining population, and one increasing in the protected site and declining populations at the unprotected site. The overall projected growth rate in Dodonaea calculated from a pooled matrix indicated positive population growth. The factors influencing the population growth, recruitment and survival are discussed. The persistence of Olea populations seems to depend on the more stable environmental conditions in later successional stages of forest vegetation. There are possibilities of natural regeneration of Olea if regenerating individuals still occur in the area. Rainfall seasonality is a dominant factor in regulating establishment, recruitment, survival and growth, particularly during the seedling stage. Moreover, shade and herbivory are factors that need consideration. Since Olea grows better under shade than in the open sun, successful regeneration for this species relies on shade from other plants and on protection from grazing, at least during the seedling stage. Most of the species that germinated from the seed banks were herbs and grasses with very few shrub and tree species. There was low correspondence between species composition of the seed banks and that of the standing vegetation. Spatial and temporal variation in demographic parameters among populations of Dodonaea and Olea can be attributed to human and environmental influence. Under protection, both Dodonaea and Olea seem to have a possibility to regenerate naturally. Further research should consider factors mentioned in detailed investigations of other dominant Afromontane forest species.

10

Tesfaye, Chekol Gashaw [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wolff, and Hauke [Gutachter] Reuter. "Population and Ecosystem-based Fisheries Assessment of the Rift Valley Lake Koka, Ethiopia / Gashaw Tesfaye Chekol ; Gutachter: Matthias Wolff, Hauke Reuter ; Betreuer: Matthias Wolff." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113718870/34.

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11

Abera, Muluemebet [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Mansmann. "Effect of community level intervention on maternal health care utilization : evidence from population based interventional-study in South-West Ethiopia / Muluemebet Abera ; Betreuer: Ulrich Mansmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1128594161/34.

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12

Bergen, Nicole. "Health Equity as a Priority in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: A Nested Qualitative Case Study of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health in Ethiopia." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40465.

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The 2015 global adoption of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development places the achievement of health equity as a global priority for health and development. Due to the normative nature of the concept of health equity and the multi-level, multi-sectoral approaches required to advance it, interdisciplinary investigations are warranted to demonstrate how health equity as a policy objective is understood and operationalized. This dissertation is a case study of health equity in maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) in Ethiopia, using qualitative methods to explore how health equity is conceptualized and pursued by stakeholders across levels of the health system. Ethiopia, a low-income country in East Africa, reported improvements in MNCH during the Millennium Development Goal period (1990-2015), largely attributed to the expansion of health services into rural areas; however, achievements were not realized across all geographies and population groups. Health equity is a stated policy objective for the country. Through a series of four articles, this dissertation addresses: community members’ perceptions and experiences related to health inequity and MNCH; barriers and enablers encountered by community-level health workers in implementing an equity-oriented MNCH intervention; subnational health managers’ understandings of health equity, and their roles in promoting it; and the characterization of health equity as a policy problem in national-level health discourses. This work deconstructs health equity into three components (health, distribution of health and characterization of the distribution of health) and compares how stakeholders across levels of the health system attribute meaning to each component and imply responsibility and accountability for health equity. The findings detail how diverse experiences related to health equity in MNCH across community, subnational and national contexts are driven by high-level technocratic framings of health equity, which tend to emphasize the delivery of a narrow package of health services to under-served geographical areas. Providing support and recognition for the role of subnational stakeholders in mediating the adaption of national health equity policies to local contexts, and making prominent the social justice underpinnings of health equity in the implementation of national policies are opportunities to strengthen the advancement of health equity in Ethiopia.

13

Walsh, Capdevila Sandra 1991. "Insights into the adaptative history of African human populations from whole-genome sequence data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668469.

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Africa is the origin source of modern humans. Despite that African populations harbor the highest levels of genetic diversity worldwide, they remain underrepresented in genetic studies. Therefore, in order to fully understand modern human evolutionary history it is fundamental to include more African populations in genetic studies. The work in this thesis is a small contribution to the study of African evolutionary history. In particular we have focused on two different locations of Africa, eastern and southern Africa. We have tried to unravel candidates of positive (or adaptive) selection through the analysis of whole-genome sequences of five Ethiopian populations and one KhoeSan population. Moreover, we have tried to fill the gap between genotype and phenotype of a candidate of adaptive selection in an Ethiopian population.
Àfrica és la font d'origen dels humans moderns. Malgrat que les poblacions Africanes són les que contenen la major diversitat genètica al món, estan molt poc representades en estudis genètics. Així doncs, per poder plenament entendre la història evolutiva humana és fonamental incloure més poblacions Africanes en estudis genètics. Aquesta tesi és una petita contribució en l'estudi de la història evolutiva humana a l'Àfrica. Ens hem centrat en dos localitzacions diferents, a l'est i al sud de l'Àfrica. Hem intentat dilucidar les possibles senyals de selecció positiva (o adaptativa) a través de l'anàlisi de seqüències completes de genomes de cinc poblacions d'Etiòpia i una KhoeSan. A més a més, en l'última part de la tesi s'ha intentat entendre a nivell funcional la relació entre el genotip i el fenotip d'un candidat de selecció adaptativa descobert en una població d'Etiòpia.

14

Santos, Rodrigues Patrícia Alexandra [Verfasser], Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer, Jacqueline [Gutachter] Loos, and Tobias [Gutachter] Kümmerle. "Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in the landscapes of Southwestern Ethiopia : Conservation in a context of land use change and human population growth / Patrícia Alexandra Santos Rodrigues ; Gutachter: Jacqueline Loos, Tobias Kümmerle ; Betreuer: Jörn Fischer." Lüneburg : Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123062838X/34.

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15

LAGADEC, PHILIPPE. "Etude des pathologies observees dans la population d'origine francaise a addis abeba." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU31015.

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16

Beining, Alice Marie. "Ecophysiological diversity of wild Coffea arabica populations in Ethiopia : drought adaptation mechanisms." Bonn Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung, 2008. http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/disso̲nline/landwf̲ak/2007/beininga̲lice.

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17

Gibson, Mhairi Alexandra. "Development and demographic change : the reproductive ecology of a rural Ethiopian population." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272320.

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18

Browning, S. L. "Human genetic variation with implications for healthcare in Ethiopian populations." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19287/.

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Cytochrome P450 1A2 metabolizes a wide range of therapeutic drugs, including several used to treat diseases common in sub-Saharan Africa. Variation in the gene (CYP1A2) has been reported to be associated with differential efficacy of therapeutic drugs and adverse drug reactions. To gain a better understanding of the extent of variation in the coding and exonflanking non-coding regions of CYP1A2, 762 chromosomes from members of five ethnic groups (Afar, Amhara, Anuak, Maale and Oromo) distributed in a rough north east to south west transect across Ethiopia were re-sequenced. Substantial variation was observed, much of which was novel. As a consequence, a diagnostic test based on previously known variation cannot predict functional variation in Ethiopians. Evidence of purifying selection acting on CYP1A2 was found and coalescent date estimates of CYP1A2 variants were old, with many pre-dating expansions of anatomically modern human out of Africa. Variants within the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2), which are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), were common in multiple Ethiopian populations. TCF7L2 haplotype distribution varied among groups suggesting that T2D susceptibility may also vary, with most groups likely having a West African TCF7L2 risk for the disease and some having more of a European TCF7L2 risk. Many CYP1A2 and TCF7L2 haplotypes can be of important predictive value in the planning and provision of healthcare. These findings are not only of benefit to native Ethiopians, but are also of increasing importance in the planning of healthcare intervention in the developed world, where growing numbers of individuals with recent Ethiopian descent are living. Comparing data with those from publicly available databases it appears that Ethiopian groups display a very high level of diversity that includes most of the common variation observed elsewhere.

19

Lienard, Pierre. "Le comportement rituel: communication, cognition et action: génération, âge, filiation et territoire: contribution à l'ethnographie de deux populations du Cercle Karimojong (les Turkana du Kenya et les Nyangatom d'Ethiopie)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211360.

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20

Agnarson, Lars. "The Integration of Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden, 1990-2000." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Sociology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1231.

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The main purpose of this Master Essay is to analyse the integration of Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden between 1990 and 2000. My hypothesis has been that Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden constitute a group whose prospects to integrate are fairly low, but whose prospects to integrate also depend on the sex-composition and the length of staying in Sweden. In my analysis of the chosen group’s immigration pattern and integration, I have used a longitudinal database of the Swedish population where information on income and employment are included. I have analysed the group’s labour market participation and their prospects to reduce and eventually close the income gap in relation to the working aged population in Sweden.

The regime of control in Ethiopia between 1977 and 1991 forced hundreds of thousands of mostly young Ethiopians to flee to Europe and USA. Between 1985 and 2000, 8033 Ethiopians immigrated to Sweden. The peak years were 1989 and 1991, preceded by a dramatic increase of the number of Ethiopians who immigrated to Sweden. After 1991 the immigration from Ethiopia to Sweden declined rapidly to a similarly low level as before 1985.

Nevertheless, when analysing the age-composition, those aged 18-29 years were shown to be in majority throughout the whole period as mostly young Ethiopians were forced to flee before 1991. Also, younger persons are more likely to migrate than older persons. The spectacular decrease of Ethiopian immigration to Sweden was probably linked to the former regime’s capitulation in 1991. In addition, Eritrea’s outbreak from Ethiopia in 1991 also had consequences on the numbers of Ethiopian immigrants to Sweden as Eritreans were no longer categorized as Ethiopians. Up to 1991, men were more likely to immigrate, but after then females were clearly in majority.

The frequency of not being employed has decreased considerably among Ethiopian immigrants throughout the period. At the same time, the income gap between them and the population in general was reduced even though it remained large in the whole period. The decrease in the proportion of Ethiopian immigrants without employment was larger for the females than for the males, and even if men had higher incomes throughout the period, women’s income approached that. Thus it seems that the integration process is on its way for Ethiopian immigrants, especially for the women. The age-composition is probably an important factor behind the group’s relatively successful integration given the large share of working aged persons.

21

Kuzmič, Michal. "Bariéry rozvoje v Etiopii: strukturální podmínky a strategie adaptace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199901.

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The diploma thesis titled Barriers of Development in Ethiopia: Structural Conditions and Strategies for Adaptation is focused on analysis of environmental risk factors and their impact on economic development of Ethiopia. It further evaluates the effectiveness of concrete adaptation measures on both official policy level and community level. The thesis departs from refined version of Jared Diamond's five point framework for analysis of collapse of complex societies. Contemporary scholarly discourse of rapid population growth, deforestation & land degradation and climate variability is formalized into causal schemes and supported by current statistical data. The thesis concludes that adopted measures have had only limited effect on elimination of the respective risk factors. Thus, Ethiopia remains a long-term recipient of foreign humanitarian assistance, without which it would fall into state of economic collapse. To overcome this situation Ethiopia needs to transform its subsistence agricultural production system.

22

Baye, Tesfaye. "Exploration, genetic diversity and seed quality analyses in Ethiopian populations of Vernonia galamensis /." Göttingen, Germany : Cuvillier Verlag, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012832467&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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23

Aga, Esayas. "Molecular genetic diversity study of forest coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.) populations in Ethiopia : implications for conservation and breeding /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200579.pdf.

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24

Admassu, Belayneh. "Genetic and virulence diversity of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici populations in Ethiopia and stem rust resistance genes in wheat." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001249003/04.

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25

Gelanew, Taye Tesfaye [Verfasser]. "Molecular epidemiology and population genetics of Leishmania donovani strains isolated from different ethiopian visceral Leishmaniasis endemic areas / Tesfaye Gelanew Taye." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1026174821/34.

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26

Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera. "Common property resource management of an Afro-alpine habitat : supporting a population of the critically endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis)." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342151.

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27

Forrest, Brigham. "Analysis of Building Resiliency in an Ethiopian Pastoral System: Mitigating the Effects of Population and Climate Change on Food Insecurity." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2161.

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Worldwide expenditures on international development in the form of assistance or “aid” have continued to increase as developed countries look to both help and influence developing countries. In 2011, more than $140 billion in development aid was distributed globally, more than double the amount expended for international development aid in 2003. Many of the countries that are in need of aid have governments that do not have the resources, the experience, political stability, or well-functioning institutions to effect long-term structural change to bring their people out of poverty. Ethiopia is a country receiving large amounts of development aid, and one of the poorest regions in Ethiopia is the Borana Plateau in the Oromia state. The people are semi-nomadic pastoralists who live off the livestock they raise. Climate change, as well as overgrazing and population growth, has reduced the amount of land available for pasture. Additionally, drought conditions can cause huge livestock losses due to death and the pressure to sell animals during droughts to generate money to buy food. The pastoral system is in constant danger of overstocking and suffering a system crash when drought events occur. Linear programing was used in this study to test various “scenarios” that shed light on how drastically drought and overpopulation impacts livestock numbers and overall livelihoods of the Boran pastoralists. How well livestock survive through droughts determines, in large measure, the need for food aid in the Borana Plateau and, with climate change increasing the frequency of drought events, the system struggles to rebound following droughts. These scenarios examined in this study tested the economic incentive the Boran have to clear land, and what impact clearing land has on livestock numbers, especially during drought years. The analysis also tested how keeping livestock in the system, as a result of drought mitigation strategies such as brush clearing, reduces the need for food aid during droughts and also reduces the rebound time for livestock numbers following a drought. The results determined that brush clearing provided the forage needed to keep cattle alive through a drought at various stocking levels up to and including estimated full capacity. This suggested that brush-clearing activities created an environment where people could return to pre-drought production levels without any rebound time following a drought if enough brush clearing and/or kalo development is undertaken. Kalo(s) serve as forage reserves, created from land cleared of brush and produce much more grass than from brush clearing alone and do it at a lower household cost.

28

Shmela, Ahmad Khalil Mustafa. "Structural evolution of continental rifting, quantitative analysis of fault populations : insights from the central Kenya rift, central and north main Ethiopian rift." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21732/.

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The aim of the current research is to provide new insights into the evolution of normal faults and their implications on continental rift evolution in order to inform our understanding of the north to south rift propagation of the east African rift system (EARS). Therefore, three different rift segments representing different stages of continental rifting have been selected along the EARS, namely; the central Kenya rift representing an early stage of continental rifting, the central main Ethiopian rift (CMER) as an intermediate stage and the northern Ethiopian rift (NMER) exemplifying a late stage. Digital Elevation Model DEM with 30m horizontal resolution and Google Earth images are the main data used for this study. A large dataset of fault size attributes of the present-day fault geometry was built from 2130 faults scarps that were identified and manually mapped from DEM surface of the three areas, in order to conduct a quantitative and statistical analysis on scaling relations of fault populations, spatial strain distribution and to assess the role of pre-existing structures on fault development. Estimations of extensional strain along the three rift segments revealed a general progressive increase of strain from south to north. In the central Kenya rift, fault length and throw populations exhibited a power-law distribution, the fractal dimension of fault throw populations showed a decrease with increasing strain, while the fractal dimension of fault length populations remained almost constant, which may imply that the fault system in this central Kenya rift develop in accordance to near constant length fault growth model. Analysis of the spatial distribution of strain exhibits a rather distributed faulting deformation in the southernmost part of the central Kenya rift, and more localized deformation on rift flanks towards the north. As for the central main Ethiopian rift (CMER) and the northern main Ethiopian rift (NMER), the cumulative distributions for length and displacement populations fit to both exponential and log-normal functions, which is a function of limited crustal layers thickness. The observed decrease of average fault lengths and increasing average fault throws and D/L ratio in the NMER as opposed to the CMER may have occurred after reaching the maximum fault length at an earlier stage of development, which would again be in line with the coherent fault model. The domain of deformation moved from being rather localized at and near rift margins in the southern segment (CMER) to a more distributed domain of faulting deformation across the northern rift segment (NMER). This is in contrast to domains of deformation observed in the central Kenya rift as we move from south to north. The possible influence of the underlying Precambrian basement structures on the orientation of Cenozoic fault on the surface has been investigated and discussed in the light of existing experimental models, and that suggests the presence of basement influence in the central Kenya rift, whereas such influence is not as evident within the CMER and NMER segments. Generally, in the present thesis, the quantitative and statistical analysis of scaling properties of fault populations in the EARS demonstrates how these properties can provide new insights into the evolution of different stages of continental rifting.

29

Greer, Kerry. "Expanding responsibilities and shifting demands : an analysis of the effects of migration and employment on immigrant women's negotiating power in the household." PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3922.

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This study's objective was to examine the affect that migration and employment have on immigrant women's negotiating position within the household. Depth interviews were conducted with nine women who migrated to Portland, Oregon from Ethiopia or Eritrea. Women were encouraged to share a narrative history of their migration and employment experience. These interviews were analyzed to answer three primary questions: Who are immigrant women supporting through their participation in the paid labor market? How do women utilize gain access to employment opportunities and what strategies do women use once employed to meet competing demands on them at work and in the household? And finally, to what extent do women maintain control over their income and influence household decisions? This study found that women, particularly women who migrate prior to marriage, support natal households more than women who migrate after marriage. Women use social networks to find information about jobs, and once employed use an array of strategies to meet domestic demands. These strategies include joining households with other women to share household labor, finding employment opportunities that allow them to care for children while working, and having their mothers come to care for small children. Women who have recently married and have lived in the United States a short amount of time are most likely to express desire to maintain control over their income, while women who have lived in the United States for a longer time are more likely to pool their income with their husbands. Many women felt that they had an equal influence in household decisions as their husbands, but little evidence was provided that this was the case. Instead this study concludes that working outside of the home increases the perceived contribution that women make to the household leads to their empowerment and improves their negotiating position.

30

Tefera, Tesfaye Lemma. "Livelihood strategies in the context of population pressure : a case study in the Hararghe Highlands, Eastern Ethiopia." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27689.

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The thesis presented the results of an investigation into livelihood strategies of rural households in the Hararghe Highlands in the context of population pressure. The human welfare and resource outcomes of rural livelihood strategies were assessed, accounting for the “mediating” factors. The study enriches the current policy debate on how to create an enabling environment to strengthen sustainable rural livelihoods and mitigate adverse welfare and resource consequences of unsustainable rural livelihood strategies. The sustainable livelihood framework for analysing rural livelihoods in the context of population pressure was modified in the thesis to guide the analyses. Primary data was obtained from 197 randomly selected households from three representative sites in the Hararghe Highlands. Whilst verbal description, interpretation and appreciation of facts, and case studies were used for the qualitative data analysis, multivariate techniques and logistic regression were employed to analyse the quantitative data. The study showed that subdivision and fragmentation of agricultural land and re-emergence of landlessness have accompanied the unprecedented population growth in the Hararghe Highlands. The pace of demographic change of the area is so fast that it has caused failure of indigenous countervailing and adaptations. Sufficient effective demand for sustainable intensification of smallholder farms has, however, not been created due to uncertain right to the land and inadequate market incentives. Furthermore, the technology generation and dissemination systems have failed to build the capacity of smallholder farmers to respond to the demographic pressure in a sustainable way. This has generally resulted in negative welfare and resource outcomes. Nonetheless, rural households pursue heterogeneous livelihood strategies due to differential access to livelihood assets, and heterogeneous constraints and incentives. The nature and the extent of welfare and resource outcomes of rural livelihood strategies are different across sites and among different households. A livelihood strategy that integrates cash crop production with high external input-based staple crops production and trade was found to be more successful. Overall, the findings challenge the current untargeted and uniform intervention that implicitly assumes that only farming and the intensification of staple crop production for food self-sufficiency is important to all households. Furthermore, the findings challenge the over simplified generalisations regarding the human welfare and resource effects of rural population growth in Ethiopia as if the interactions between them were taking place in a political, an institutional and an agro-climatic vacuum and as if rural households in a district, a sub-district or a village were a “homogeneous” group. What is thus needed is decentralisation of rural development planning and building of the capacity of local institutions so that they may be able to understand rural livelihoods and design innovative and locally specific integrated interventions to support sustainable rural livelihoods. The specific recommendations include ensuring land tenure security, improving farmers’ access to the market and appropriate technologies, creating conducive environment for commercialisation and livelihood diversification, institutionalised safety net, resettlement and family planning.
Thesis (PhD (Rural Development Planning))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
unrestricted

31

Khalatbari, Leili. "Effect of the habitat fragmentation on the Grévy’s zebra population genetic structure." Thesis, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217894.

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The exponential growth of the human population is limiting the wildlife habitat all around the word. In recent years habitat loss and fragmentation is one of the main reasons that threats the wild life species. The Grévy’s zebra (Equus grevyi) is the most endangered member of Zebras. Their historical range was previously from north Ethiopia to southwest Somalia and to northern Kenya. Currently they are distributed only in fragmented habitats in central and eastern part of Ethiopia and in the north of Kenya. They are listed as endangered in the IUCN red list, as their population has declined 68% in 27 years. There are very few studies on genetic structure of this species, and investigating the genetic connection between different populations is needed. Molecular markers are one of the best tools to understand the level of fragmentation, population bottlenecks or potential inbreeding. In this study, the population structure of Ethiopian zebra population from Alledeghi Wildlife Reserve (WR) and Sarite area was studied using non-invasively obtained fecal samples collected during 2001-2011. This study analyzes genetic variation at 10 microsatellite loci and a 350-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region. The results showed that the genetic diversity is very low between the populations (π=0.00116 for Alledeghi WR and π=0 for Sarite population). The population of Alledeghi WR is probably isolated from the population of Sarite, as they don’t share any haplotypes. As the population of Alledeghi WR is separated from the ones from Sarite and Kenya, applying more conservational programs in this area is needed to protect the genetic diversity of the Grévy’s zebras in this area.

32

Emiru, Tegegne Sishaw. "Population dynamics and its impact on land use/ cover in Ethiopia : the case of Mandura District of Metekel Zone, Benshangul-Gumuz Regional State." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13873.

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It is evident that Ethiopia is one of the countries of Africa that is experiencing significant population growth as well as land use/cover dynamics. Land use/cover induced degradation of natural resources is a major challenge to the country’s development. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact population dynamics has had on land use/cover in Mandura district. Data on population over time were taken from the CSA during the 1984, 1994 and 2007 national census results. A total of 210 farm households from three kebeles: 105 from the local people and 105 from migrants were surveyed in May 2011 to acquire data on socioeconomic, land use, resource use and management. Aerial photographs of 1957, 1982 and SPOT-5 image of the 2006/07 were used to generate data on land use/cover changes. The results indicate that population has substantially increased, more than fourfold between 1957-2006/07, mainly due to migration from the surrounding areas, government sponsored resettlements, and flourishing of new urban centers. No less important is mortality has decreased due to immunization and the birth rate has been increasing due to improved maternal and child care as compared to the situation prior to the 1990s. The change on land use/cover show that from the total land use/cover conversions, which totals 58,403 ha of land, farm land constitutes 90.1 %. The study finds natural population increase, migration, urbanization, agricultural extensification, institutional weakness, land tenure insecurity, famine and drought, and poverty as root causes. The study further identifies existence of all weather road, resettlement, Tana-Beles project, expansion of agriculture, land colonization, wood extraction for fuel, and soil fertility decline as direct causes of land use/cover changes. As a result of change of customary land tenure system, the local population has been forced to engage in extractive economic activities that have never been practiced in the past. Therefore, the study calls for coordinated efforts for resources use and management at different levels, land use policy formulation, devising alternative sources of livelihoods and fuel, regulating migration and involvement of the wider community in policy formulation and implementations.
Geography
Ph. D. (Geography)

33

Emiru, Tegegne Sishaw. "Population dynamics and its impact on land use/ cover in Ethiopia: the case of Manduara Disctrict of Metekel Zone, Benshangul- Gumuz Regional State." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13873.

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It is evident that Ethiopia is one of the countries of Africa that is experiencing significant population growth as well as land use/cover dynamics. Land use/cover induced degradation of natural resources is a major challenge to the country’s development. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact population dynamics has had on land use/cover in Mandura district. Data on population over time were taken from the CSA during the 1984, 1994 and 2007 national census results. A total of 210 farm households from three kebeles: 105 from the local people and 105 from migrants were surveyed in May 2011 to acquire data on socioeconomic, land use, resource use and management. Aerial photographs of 1957, 1982 and SPOT-5 image of the 2006/07 were used to generate data on land use/cover changes. The results indicate that population has substantially increased, more than fourfold between 1957-2006/07, mainly due to migration from the surrounding areas, government sponsored resettlements, and flourishing of new urban centers. No less important is mortality has decreased due to immunization and the birth rate has been increasing due to improved maternal and child care as compared to the situation prior to the 1990s. The change on land use/cover show that from the total land use/cover conversions, which totals 58,403 ha of land, farm land constitutes 90.1 %. The study finds natural population increase, migration, urbanization, agricultural extensification, institutional weakness, land tenure insecurity, famine and drought, and poverty as root causes. The study further identifies existence of all weather road, resettlement, Tana-Beles project, expansion of agriculture, land colonization, wood extraction for fuel, and soil fertility decline as direct causes of land use/cover changes. As a result of change of customary land tenure system, the local population has been forced to engage in extractive economic activities that have never been practiced in the past. Therefore, the study calls for coordinated efforts for resources use and management at different levels, land use policy formulation, devising alternative sources of livelihoods and fuel, regulating migration and involvement of the wider community in policy formulation and implementations.
Geography
D. LITT. et. Phil. (Geography)

34

Mengesha, Alemayehu Bekele. "Epidemiology of preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adult population in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19829.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of preventable risk factors for NCDs among the adult population in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was employed to describe the distribution of behavioural and biological risk factors for NCDs, assess the status of knowledge, perceptions, attitude and behaviour of the study participants for NCDs and their risk factors, and a matched case-control study to identify the determinants of hypertension. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire for the interview, physical measurements including weight and height scales, non-elastic measuring tape for waist and hip circumferences, Omron digital BP apparatus for blood pressure and heart rate; Accutrend Plus for measuring fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. For the descriptive cross-sectional study a total of 2347 participants were included, and for the matched case control study a total of 117 cases and 235 controls participated. Behavioural and biological risk factors were assessed. Only 0.8% of the study participants used optimal fruit serving per day. The prevalence of low level physical activity (<600 MET-minutes/week) was 44.8%. The magnitude of ever alcohol consumption was 66.8%. However, the magnitude of khat chewing and tobacco smoking among the study participants was not as high as the other risk factors i.e. 3.3% and 2.3% respectively. The magnitude of hypertension, central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was 9.9%, 22.2%, 3.5%, 30.3% and 32.2% respectively. Factors associated with the risks aforementioned were gender, age, place of residence, education, knowledge status on NCDs, mental stress and others. The status of knowledge on CVDs, breast and cervical cancers, diabetes and their potential risk factors was low and not comprehensive. Misconceptions on NCDs and body size and shape were pervasive. Risky behaviours underlying NCDs were rampant in the study population. Factors related to poor knowledge on NCDs were gender, age, place of residence, education and misconceptions on NCDs. The determinants of hypertension were physical inactivity, duration of alcohol intake, central obesity and mental stress. Awareness raising interventions on NCDs and their risk factors; improving socio-economic status and accessibility to health care settings have to be in place to curb these formidable problems.
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

35

Demisie, Deschasa Abebe. "Socio-economic history of North Shawa, Ethiopia (1880s-1935)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19891.

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This thesis attempts to address how and why North Shäwa deteriorated from a political heartland to a region of impoverished peasants by the beginning of the 20th century. One of the factors that determine the selection of the place for a seat of the government for a region or country and sustainability of its system is its resource potential. In this case, arable and grazing land with other related land resources were decisive. They were some of the major factors contributing to both the origin and development of the kingdom. However, by the beginning of the 20th century, the region was abandoned by the court and by a significant proportion of its population. This was mainly because of the impoverishment of the region. The growth of the number of consumers (town dwellers) and the supplies needed by the kingdom exceeded the carrying capacity of North Shäwa. The economic productivity of the region could not correspond to the development of its needs. Thus, this thesis accords due emphasis to the factors that contributed to the impoverishment of North Shäwa and the consequences that followed. Throughout the thesis, North Shäwan peasants are the main subject of discussion. Political, social, cultural and geographical factors that impacted on the peasants’ economy and that retarded its development are discussed in the study. It also attempts to unearth the measures taken by the court and peoples of North Shäwa to withstand or escape from the prevailing socio-economic problems. Finally a comparison is made with other regions of the country to describe the political and socio-economic status of North Shäwans that continue to live in the region. This discussion covers the period from the 1880s up to the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1935
History
D.Litt. et Phil. (History)

36

Demisie, Dechasa Abebe. "Socio-economic history of North Shawa, Ethiopia (1880s-1935)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19891.

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This thesis attempts to address how and why North Shäwa deteriorated from a political heartland to a region of impoverished peasants by the beginning of the 20th century. One of the factors that determine the selection of the place for a seat of the government for a region or country and sustainability of its system is its resource potential. In this case, arable and grazing land with other related land resources were decisive. They were some of the major factors contributing to both the origin and development of the kingdom. However, by the beginning of the 20th century, the region was abandoned by the court and by a significant proportion of its population. This was mainly because of the impoverishment of the region. The growth of the number of consumers (town dwellers) and the supplies needed by the kingdom exceeded the carrying capacity of North Shäwa. The economic productivity of the region could not correspond to the development of its needs. Thus, this thesis accords due emphasis to the factors that contributed to the impoverishment of North Shäwa and the consequences that followed. Throughout the thesis, North Shäwan peasants are the main subject of discussion. Political, social, cultural and geographical factors that impacted on the peasants’ economy and that retarded its development are discussed in the study. It also attempts to unearth the measures taken by the court and peoples of North Shäwa to withstand or escape from the prevailing socio-economic problems. Finally a comparison is made with other regions of the country to describe the political and socio-economic status of North Shäwans that continue to live in the region. This discussion covers the period from the 1880s up to the Italian occupation of Ethiopia in 1935
History
D.Litt. et Phil. (History)

37

Hagos, Zemichael Mekonen. "Evaluation of fee waiver scheme effectiveness in improving health care access to the poor segments of the population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27817.

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Background: Availing equitable and affordable health services for citizens is becoming a problem for governments of developing countries. In Ethiopia, the government has been implementing fee waiver scheme since 1998 to advance the health access by the poor, though it is still a crucial challenge of the health sector. Purpose: The intent of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fee waiver scheme in improving access to health by the poor in Addis Ababa and to propose implementation framework to improve its outcome. Method: This study employed qualitative research approach to evaluate the program effectiveness and to propose implementation framework in two phases. Exploratory and descriptive case study designs, and Delphi techniques were utilized to evaluate the scheme’s effectiveness and to validate the proposed implementation framework. The researcher employed purposive and convenience sampling methods to sample the study populations, and used Atlas ti 7.5 software to analyze the findings. Result: This study revealed that the commencement of the scheme has benefited considerable poor population in the city. However, its effectiveness in terms of addressing the needy population, services coverage and protecting the poor from financial hardship is not yet achieved. Poor health facilities capacity, poor program management and lack of comprehensive monitoring and accountability system were found major factors that affected its success. As a result, the researcher proposed an implementation framework with the aim of addressing these problems. Conclusion: Achieving Universal Health Coverage without addressing the indigents’ health need is impossible. Lack of comprehensive health services, in adequate population coverage and poor financial protection were among the major findings. Hence, prior attentions should be given to equip health facilities with necessary infrastructures and ensure the inclusion of all needy populations through effective monitoring, governance and leadership mechanisms to improve its intended outcomes. If utilized properly, the findings and the implementation framework of this study will serve as valuable resources for immediate decisions and directions by the policy makers
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

38

Tegegn, Melakou. "Structural and conjunctural constraints on the emergence of a civil society/democracy in Ethiopia, 1991-2005." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1335.

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This thesis examines the structural and conjunuctural constraints that inhibit the emergence of a civil society and democracy in Ethiopia, 1991-2005. Freedom and democracy are taken as precondition for development and social transformation. It introduces a model of how state and society relationship affects development and social transformation in transitional societies placing freedom as a pivotal link. The thesis establishes a marked continuum in the modalities of state and society relationship throughout the three post-War governments in Ethiopia. It examines the current state/society relationship and highlights lack of freedom as the major constraint. This is examined against the backdrop of what the historical realm for social change in post-War Ethiopia is, namely freedom and democracy. It examines the policies of the current government (EPRDF) on non-state organizations, the 'theoretical' rationales it advanced and how the perceptions that the ruling party held back in 1975 haven't changed. It holds that the government exacerbated the problem of the fragile relationship it had with society. The thesis also examines the government's policy on ethnicity as the 'rationale' that governs the functions of its institutions of governance and deconstructs the concepts of EPRRDF's "revolutionary democracy", the dichotomy between quality and quantity as well as between cadres and experts. It also deconstructs the EPRDF's thesis on the "national question" both in terms of its claims to have proceeded from the positions of the old student movement on the one hand and from the Marxian theoretical perception on the "national question" on the other. The analysis is extended to examine, within the poverty-unfreedom nexus, the development challenges that Ethiopia currently faces. Four major development challenges are advanced for examination: gender, environment, rural development and population. The thesis concludes that the EPRDF has failed to resolve these structural problems. EPRDF's exclusion of the nascent civil society, suppression of freedom and official political opposition are taken as the main factors behind the failure. The case of the 2005 elections is presented as a sequel to the thesis.
Sociology
D.Litt. et Phil. (Sociology)

39

Mutisya, Linet. "Socio-economic determinants and nutritional status of children aged 0-59 months: a population-based survey in Wolayita zone, rural Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-408989.

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Background Nutritional status is an important health outcome influenced by both intake and utilization of nutrients. Factors associated with child nutritional status in low-and middle-income countries are many and interlinked yet not fully understood. Child malnutrition is a major problem in Ethiopia whose influence by socio-economic determinants is less studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between socio-economic determinants and undernutrition among children under the age of five years in Wolayita zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A population based cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2011 to January 2012 that included a total of 4,197 children. Purposive sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using a validated questionnaire and standard anthropometric measurements. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the association between socio-economic determinants and child undernutrition (stunting and wasting). Results Children from the richest households had significantly lower odds (ORadj= 0.64; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.75) of stunting compared with children from the poorest households. Food secure households had children with significantly lower odds (ORadj 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96) of stunting compared food insecure ones. Children of women who always had money were significantly associated with 24% (CI: 0.60, 0.96) decrease in the odds of stunting compared with children of women who never had money. Time availability was not associated with stunting nor wasting. Conclusion Household asset score, food security and women economic status were significantly associated with stunting among children aged 0-59 months. Mitigation measures should be community-based and more studies on maternal time availability and its association with undernutrition are recommended.

40

Beining, Alice Marie [Verfasser]. "Ecophysiological diversity of wild Coffea arabica populations in Ethiopia: drought adaptation mechanisms / von Alice Marie Beining." 2007. http://d-nb.info/98591145X/34.

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41

Haile, Theodros Azbaha. "Immigrants and xenophobia : perception of judicial system personnel and experiences of Ethiopian immigrants in accessing the justice system in Newcastle, South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9921.

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The overwhelming number of people residing outside country of origin has created anxiety and fear in the immigrant receiving countries over the potentially destabilising effect on the country’s resources. This may provoke controversy because of the fears that they may be competing unfairly with hosts for jobs, housing and other welfare services. Hence, migrants are increasingly becoming vulnerable to racism, xenophobia and discrimination. The justice system protects the rights of migrants. Equal access to justice entails the right of migrants to initiate and proceed with legal matters through the justice system without hindrances. On the side of the state, access to justice also includes the obligation of the state to investigate violations and persecute the perpetrators according to the law. Hence, with this context in mind, this study explored the perception of justice system personnel on the services they provide to non-South African citizens, specifically to Ethiopian Immigrants in the Newcastle area. It also explored the experience of Ethiopian asylum seekers and refugees in interacting with the locals and in accessing justice system within the greater Newcastle area in the KwaZulu Natal Province. In total, 20 interviews were conducted, of which 8 are justice system personnel and 12 Ethiopian asylum seekers and refugees. The findings suggest that the majority of justice system personnel perceive that foreigners are equal in the eyes of the law and get equal treatment as that of South Africans. It was found that the majority of justice system personnel lack knowledge of refugee law and this has been an obstacle in day to day running of courts. The findings also show that language services and Legal Aid are available to locals and as well as foreigners. It was also found that case dockets get lost due to corruption and negligence, and this resulted in impunity for some of the perpetrators of xenophobic violence. The findings also suggested that asylum seekers and refugees agreed that the justice system is fair and that there are good provisions that accommodate everyone. Some, however, expressed discontent and claimed that they faced discrimination. They portray the police as unfriendly and indicated that they have experienced abuse and discrimination. The findings also suggest that police harass and abuse refugees by invading their premises without a search warrant.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

42

Abebe, Tiegist Dejene [Verfasser]. "Genetic diversity and population differentiation analysis of Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces using morphological traits and SSR markers / von Tiegist Dejene Abebe." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1005447861/34.

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