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Статті в журналах з теми "EU integration principle":
1
Kaminska, Ilona. "FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF EU LAW IN THE LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 71 (December 18, 2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2020.71.011.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to the study of the principles of law that determine the fundamentals of the EU functioning. The concepts of general principles of law, international principles of law as well as principles of EU law are distinguished. The principles of EU law are classified into international, democratic, economic, organizational, functional, sectoral. The study of the principles of EU law is important for Ukrainian science in the context of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The results of the research will help the judiciary to integrate the principles of EU law into its case law. The Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court will play an important role in the integration of EU law into the national legal order. The following definition of the concept is proposed: the principles of EU law are the fundamental ideological principles of the EU legal system, which determine legal status of the EU as a subject of law and international relations; legal status of EU citizens; basic principles of organization and functioning of the EU; areas, limits and mechanisms for exercising the powers of the EU institutions; principles of legal regulation in the areas that fall within the competence of the EU. The principle of conferral is singled out as a fundamental functional principle from which other principles of EU law originate, namely: the principle of coherence of policies and actions; the principle of open EU cooperation with Member States; the principle of subsidiarity; the principle of proportionality; the principle of open cooperation between EU institutions; the principle of institutional balance. Their relationship and the mandatory nature of compliance are established. The operation of any of the institutions contrary to the principle of conferral or any of the principles named is a ground for appealing against such actions before the Court of Justice. According to Article 263 TFEU, the Court of Justice has the jurisdiction to review the legality of legislative acts, decisions or actions of the European Council, the European Parliament, the European Commission and the European Central Bank, as well as bodies, offices and agencies intended to produce legal effects vis-à-vis third parties. The content of the functional principles of EU law is revealed and the order of their application by the Court of Justice of the EU is analyzed on the example of one of the decisions. The classification of principles of EU law on a source of their placement is offered. In the system of principles of EU law should also be distinguished: 1) the principles of law that follow from the provisions of international law (the principle of peaceful cooperation and the principles of the UN Charter); 2) the principles of law derived from the principles of market economy and social policy (the principle of economic, social, territorial unity of the Member States and solidarity between them); 3) the principles of law derived from democratic principles (principle of respect for human dignity, freedom, representative democracy, equality, rule of law, respect for human rights, including the rights of minorities). Therefore, in a general sense, the system of principles of EU law includes: international principles of law, general (democratic principles of law, economic principles, principles of EU law) (organizational, functional, sectoral). KEYWORDS Key words: general principles of law, principles of EU law, EU Court of Justice, the principle conferral, EU goals
2
Alkier, Romina. "PRECONDITIONS TO FULLER CROATIAN INTEGRATION IN EU TOURISM." Tourism and hospitality management 11, no. 2 (December 2005): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.11.2.15.
Анотація:
In the coming years, the number of tourist trips from and within the European Union can be expected to grow, as a result of ongoing integration processes, and also because it is becoming simpler and cheaper to travel. According to the WTO, tourism will grow at a moderate rate of four per cent annually in average, and by 2020 the number of tourist arrivals worldwide will reach 1.6 billion, of which 717 million tourist arrivals will be to Europe. Out of this number, more than half a million will be to present-day EU countries. Given the EU’s continuing enlargement, clearly this number will continue to increase, and with it the global importance of the EU. The EU’s tourist policy in the years to come will increasingly become better, more imaginative and more efficient. Regardless of the unchanging subsidiary principle, this policy will continue to develop, gradually adapting to new opportunities. The principles of the sector tourist policy are already being carried out in practice by all EU members, and any country aspiring to become a part this association will not only need to incorporate these principles, but respect them as well. Croatia is one of the countries which has embraced this orientation in tourism and it is aiming to address this “European challenge” at the level of market relations, taking efforts to avoid the pitfalls and threats of tourism marginalisation, given the harsh competition and protectionist measures existing within the EU.
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Szucko, Angélica. "Brexit and the Differentiated European (Dis)Integration." Contexto Internacional 42, no. 3 (December 2020): 621–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019420300005.
Анотація:
Abstract On 25 March 2017, the European Union celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Treaties of Rome, which established ‘an ever-closer union’ as a fundamental principle for European regional integration. Only four days later, the United Kingdom delivered an official letter triggering its withdrawal process from the Community. How could we comprehend Brexit integrative and disintegrative dynamics to the EU? The UK’s decision to leave the EU alongside recent crises in the Community and the spread of Eurosceptic movements fostered studies about disintegration dynamics. This article presents the current debate about differentiated (dis)integration based on up-to-date related literature. Next, it proposes a framework to assess the recent shifts in the UK-EU relationship and its contradictory effects on the EU project. The main argument of the paper is that the UK’s relationship with the European Union moved from an internal differentiated integration to a proposal of internal differentiated disintegration and, thereafter, to a process of external differentiated disintegration. Moreover, although Brexit means disintegration by one Member State, its effects on the EU project are mixed, initially promoting an integrative boom among the EU27 members, while at the same time neglecting disintegrating forces that could undermine the traditional European integration model.
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Herlin-Karnell, Ester, and Theodore Konstadinides. "The Rise and Expressions of Consistency in EU Law: Legal and Strategic Implications for European Integration." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888713809813521.
Анотація:
AbstractThe principle of consistency has a prominent place in EU law. In the Treaty of Lisbon, it constitutes an umbrella under which a number of legal principles of EU law follow as corollaries. Consistency manifests itself within both horizontal and vertical levels of governance. This chapter will unpack this principle and will focus on the broader implications of consistency for the division of powers in EU law. In doing so, the authors aim to discuss the rise of consistency in EU law and decrypt its various constitutional expressions in order to determine its scope of application. Two notions of consistency are presented: a formal one that appears in the Treaty of Lisbon and a strategic one, prominent in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). It is argued that consistency is relevant to both traditional (integrationist) and alternative (differentiated) routes to European integration. The chapter concludes by discussing whether the undefined nature of ‘consistency’ puts it at risk of becoming an empty vessel.
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Herlin-Karnell, Ester, and Theodore Konstadinides. "The Rise and Expressions of Consistency in EU Law: Legal and Strategic Implications for European Integration." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 15 (2013): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003037.
Анотація:
Abstract The principle of consistency has a prominent place in EU law. In the Treaty of Lisbon, it constitutes an umbrella under which a number of legal principles of EU law follow as corollaries. Consistency manifests itself within both horizontal and vertical levels of governance. This chapter will unpack this principle and will focus on the broader implications of consistency for the division of powers in EU law. In doing so, the authors aim to discuss the rise of consistency in EU law and decrypt its various constitutional expressions in order to determine its scope of application. Two notions of consistency are presented: a formal one that appears in the Treaty of Lisbon and a strategic one, prominent in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). It is argued that consistency is relevant to both traditional (integrationist) and alternative (differentiated) routes to European integration. The chapter concludes by discussing whether the undefined nature of ‘consistency’ puts it at risk of becoming an empty vessel.
6
Eroglu, Onur. "Evaluation of Turkish Corporate Tax Law under the Principle of Freedom of Establishment." Intertax 42, Issue 11 (November 1, 2014): 752–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2014068.
Анотація:
Corporate tax law has been closely related to the principle of freedom of establishment. Because European Union (EU) Member States have declined to resign sovereignty in the field of direct taxation, harmonization progress in corporate taxation in the EU has been slow. Although EU treaties, regulations, and directives are all measures of positive integration, case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) declaring national tax measures incompatible with primary EU law is that of negative integration. This paper discusses the corporation tax field and its' many important decisions within the principle of freedom of establishment and what affects these decisions have on Member States' corporate tax law. This article demonstrates Turkey's significant efforts to fulfil requested accession criteria concerning economic and tax legislation with the EU in light of CJEU's case law.
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De Baere, Geert, and Timothy Roes. "EU LOYALTY AS GOOD FAITH." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 64, no. 4 (October 2015): 829–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589315000421.
Анотація:
AbstractComparing the EU law principle of loyalty with international law good faith and the duty of federal good faith in German constitutional law (Bundestreue), this article contributes to the discussion on the nature of the EU legal order and its relationship to international law more generally by finding that EU loyalty is in essence a specific incarnation of the international law principle that treaties are to be interpreted in good faith. At the same time, it challenges the assumption that international law good faith differs fundamentally from federal good faith. To this end, the article points at historical links between both, and posits that good faith is in essence a principle of constructive interpretation, the strictures of which increase with the level of integration of the legal order in which it is applied.
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Wurzel, Rüdiger K. W. "The EU Presidency and the Integration Principle: an Anglo-German Comparison." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 10, Issue 1 (January 1, 2001): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/332447.
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Mahmutovic, Adnan, and Helza Nova Lita. "THE EUROPEAN UNION DISTINCTIVENESS: A CONCEPT OF THE RULE OF LAW." Diponegoro Law Review 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.6.2.2021.157-171.
Анотація:
This paper discusses the distinctiveness of the European Union with focus on the Rule of Law and its importance for the EU integration process. Rule of Law is a notion that is very frequently used, but at the same time quite controversial as it is not so easy always to reach generally accepted meaning. Therefore, this paper provides a analysis of the EU Rule of Law as multidimensional legal principle gravitating between values and principles. The paper acknowledges that a concept of the EU rule of law can be the subject of diverse interpretations and implementation. High-ranking government officials of a two EU member states, Poland and Hungary, have argued recently that a concept of the EU rule of law lacks well-defined rules and remains the subject of much debate. Therefore, the paper provides for better understanding of the concept itself within the specific supranational legal environment. Also, the paper argues that the future of the EU and its integrations depends largely on the respect of the rule of law that remains to be a core and the element of unity within Europe’s legal space. The relationship between the principles and values upon which the EU is founded remain close and interrelated. The EU Rule of law with all its distinctiveness can be concluded with certainty that it reflects a specific character and nature of the EU legal system.
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Polyakov, M. V., and V. S. Bilozubenko. "Strategic Principles of Ukraine's Integration into the EU Innovation System." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 46 (2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-4-12-18.
Анотація:
The peculiarity of the current development stage of the world economy is manifested in the growing level of internationalization in research and innovation, as well as in deepening international scientific and technological cooperation and exchange. This is especially true for Europe, where a holistic innovation system (IS) of the European Union (EU) has been formed. The integration in the EU IS is of strategic importance for Ukraine and requires appropriate scientific, practical and conceptual foundations. The article aims at presenting the strategic principles of Ukraine's integration into the EU innovation system. The peculiarities of the EU IS formation, its boundaries and main elements (participants; organizations supporting innovation; trans-European "chains" of knowledge generation and transformation, etc.) are considered. The necessity to choose the convergent vector of development for Ukraine’s national innovation system and the relevant advantages of this direction while reforming the R&D sector, supporting research and innovation are substantiated. The conceptual basis for including Ukraine’s science and technology complex in the EU IS is spelled out. It is determined that the main point here is the development of cooperation in science and technology between Ukraine and the EU in such a way that a number of principles are observed (taking into account the uniqueness of the EU IS, its advantages and disadvantages; the use of the European paradigm to support innovation, etc.). The preconditions for integration into the EU IS are identified, in particular, ensuring high-level protection of rights and intellectual property. It is also important to develop a mechanism for deepening international cooperation in science and technology between Ukraine and the EU, which should implement special measures of state support. The principle of cumulation, as well as differentiated approach, should become the grounds for stimulating cooperation. The necessity for Ukraine to participate in the EU programs is proven, and general preconditions for it are substantiated. The process of strengthening scientific and technological ties should be based on new information platforms. To stimulate international partnership, it is also advisable to create various infrastructure organizations (technology transfer centers, project expertise, training and research centers).
Дисертації з теми "EU integration principle":
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Todorovic, Tijana. "Between Equality and Discrimination : A policy analysis of the EU Framework for national Roma integration strategies up to 2020." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-282.
Анотація:
The EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020, is a policy that seeks to integrate Roma in the fields of education, employment, healthcare and housing, and to combat and prevent discrimination and promote equality. The problem formulation that motivates this study is the phenomenon of discrimination that Roma population experience on the soil of European Union, funded on the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The aim of this paper is to carry out a policy analysis of the EU Framework with the goal to reveal in what ways the policy aims to combat discrimination and promote equality for Roma, the largest minority in the EU. Theoretical framework relies on the principle of equality and its influence on discrimination in the context of human rights. This research carries out a qualitative case study of Roma, in combination with policy analysis as method. Results found, after conducted analysis, shows that the EU Framework doesn’t generate a rich concept of equality that can prevent, and combat discrimination based on racial and ethnic origin of Roma. The EU Framework doesn’t concretize various forms of discrimination towards Roma, nor address the phenomenon of anti-gypsyism as a main barrier to Roma inclusion.EU-ramverk för nationella strategier för romsk inkludering fram till 2020 är en policy som åsyftar till att integrera Romer inom områden för utbildning, sysselsättning, hälso- och sjukvård samt bostäder. Ramverket söker att bekämpa diskriminering och främja jämställdhet. Problemformuleringen som denna studie vilar på är diskrimineringen som romer utsätts för i EU. Syftet med denna studie är att genomföra en policy analys av EU:s ramverk med målet att avslöja på vilka sätt policyn syftar till att bekämpa diskriminering av Romer och främja jämställdhet. Teorin bygger på principen om jämlikhet, vilket hjälper till att undersöka de konkreta sätten som diskriminering kan bekämpas på med rätten till jämlik behandling i mänskliga rättigheters kontext. Denna studie är en kvalitativ fallstudie av Romer i kombination med policy analys av EU:s ramverk. Resultatet visar att EU:s ramverk inte genererar en omfattande jämställdhetsprincip som är tillräcklig för att förebygga och bekämpa diskriminering av Romer. EU:s ramverk konkretiserar inte olika former av diskriminering som romer upplever i sina dagliga liv. Policyn behandlar inte heller fenomenet anti-ziganism som ett huvudhinder för inkluderingen av romer.
2
Charouli, Angeliki. "Les considérations sociales et environnementales dans la passation des marchés publics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010259.
Анотація:
Moteur incontournable de l'économie publique, les marchés publics ont toujours fait l'objet de revendications diverses, voire opposées. L'efficacité de la gestion budgétaire et la transparence de la vie publique, s'agissant des ordres juridiques nationaux, la libre concurrence et le libre accès de tous les opérateurs économiques facilitant les échanges intracommunautaires, s'agissant du droit européen: tous ont tenté de monopoliser le droit de la commande publique, afin de se réaliser. Dans le même temps, la perspective de l'instrumentalisation de ce droit au service d'objectifs politiques qui ne lui sont pas directement attribués a suscité des intérêts très variés. Or, la question de la conciliation des politiques sociales et environnementales avec les prescriptions de nature principalement économique du droit des marchés publics s'inscrit dans une logique de valorisation de cet instrument juridique et financier. Ces politiques, répondant à la fois à des finalités d'intérêt général et à des objectifs prioritaires du droit communautaire, sont à la recherche de leur rôle et de leurs instruments en matière de marchés publics. Dans un contexte politique mouvant, la superposition des systèmes juridiques résultant des interventions réglementaires des États, en quête de leur pouvoir discrétionnaire dans la planification des leurs politiques, comme des interventions du droit communautaire dans le cadre de sa propre œuvre d'harmonisation des procédures de passation, vient redéfinir le rôle des politiques sociales et environnementales, tant au sein des objectifs endogènes du droit des marchés publics qu'en dehors de son cadre réglementaire, appelé dans ce cas à servir de levier.
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Charouli, Angeliki. "Les considérations sociales et environnementales dans la passation des marchés publics." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010257.
Анотація:
Moteur incontournable de l’économie publique, les marchés publics ont toujours fait l’objet de revendications diverses, voire opposées. L’efficacité de la gestion budgétaire et la transparence de la vie publique, s’agissant des ordres juridiques nationaux, la libre concurrence et le libre accès de tous les opérateurs économiques facilitant les échanges intracommunautaires, s’agissant du droit européen : tous ont tenté de monopoliser le droit de la commande publique, afin de se réaliser. Dans le même temps, la perspective de l’instrumentalisation de ce droit au service d’objectifs politiques qui ne lui sont pas directement attribués a suscité des intérêts très variés. Or, la question de la conciliation des politiques sociales et environnementales avec les prescriptions de nature principalement économique du droit des marchés publics s’inscrit dans une logique de valorisation de cet instrument juridique et financier. Ces politiques, répondant à la fois à des finalités d’intérêt général et à des objectifs prioritaires du droit communautaire, sont à la recherche de leur rôle et de leurs instruments en matière de marchés publics. Dans un contexte politique mouvant, la superposition des systèmes juridiques résultant des interventions réglementaires des États, en quête de leur pouvoir discrétionnaire dans la planification des leurs politiques, comme des interventions du droit communautaire dans le cadre de sa propre œuvre d’harmonisation des procédures de passation, vient redéfinir le rôle des politiques sociales et environnementales, tant au sein des objectifs endogènes du droit des marchés publics qu’en dehors de son cadre réglementaire, appelé dans ce cas à servir de levierAs a fundamental driving force of public economy, public procurement has traditionally been an area of diverse and often competing interests. Such contradictory interests are the efficiency of budgetary management and transparency in public life within national legal systems, free competition and open access of financial stakeholders in award procedures within the European regulatory framework. At the same time, the instrumentalisation of public procurement in order to serve political goals not directly linked to it has triggered considerable debate. The attempt of conciliation of social and environmental considerations with the financial requirements of public procurement law aims at enhancing this legal and financial instrument. The role and the legal means for the integration of social and environmental considerations in public procurement, which serve general interest purposes and overriding European law objectives, have not yet been clarified. The regulatory interventions of the Member States, on the one hand, and the harmonization attempts of the European Union, on the other, create a constantly changing political climate. In that context, the role of social and environmental policies is redefined both within the framework of primary objectives of public procurement law, as well as outside this regulatory framework which is used as a policy tool in this context
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König, Jörg. "Measuring European Economic Integration." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E5E-0.
Книги з теми "EU integration principle":
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Shaelou, Stéphanie Laulhé. The EU and Cyprus: Principles and strategies of full integration. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2010.
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Shaelou, Stéphanie Laulhé. The EU and Cyprus: Principles and strategies of full integration. Boston: M. Nijhoff, 2010.
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Shaelou, Stéphanie Laulhé. The EU and Cyprus: Principles and strategies of full integration. Boston: M. Nijhoff, 2009.
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Shaelou, Stéphanie Laulhé. The EU and Cyprus: Principles and strategies of full integration. Boston: M. Nijhoff, 2010.
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Szyszczak, Erika M. Understanding EU law. 2nd ed. London: Sweet and Maxwell, 2008.
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Berry, Elspeth, Matthew J. Homewood, and Barbara Bogusz. Complete EU Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198790976.001.0001.
Анотація:
Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. Complete EU Law combines extracts from leading cases and articles to take a fresh and modern look at the constitutional and substantive law of the EU. It starts by looking at the origins of EU integration and more recent developments such as the implications of the UK ‘Brexit’ vote. It then examines the role of EU institutions within the legislative process, and the sources of EU law. Next, it explores the relationship between the EU and the Member States; the supremacy of EU law and its impact upon the principle of UK parliamentary sovereignty; the direct and indirect effect of EU law in the national courts; and the ability of those national courts to request preliminary rulings from the Court of Justice. The book also examines the obligations that EU law imposes on Member States, including the operation of infringement actions and Member State liability in damages for breaches of EU law, and the obligations that it imposes on both the EU institutions and the Member States to protect human rights in the EU. It then discusses economic integration within the internal market and how EU law regulates the rights of individuals and businesses under the ‘four freedoms’, focusing on the free movement of persons and goods. Finally, the book considers competition law and its enforcement within Member States.
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Berry, Elspeth, Matthew J. Homewood, and Barbara Bogusz. Complete EU Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198836216.001.0001.
Анотація:
Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. Complete EU Law combines extracts from leading cases and articles to take a fresh and modern look at the constitutional and substantive law of the EU. It starts by looking at the origins of EU integration and more recent developments such as the implications of the UK ‘Brexit’ vote. It then examines the role of EU institutions within the legislative process, and the sources of EU law. Next, it explores the relationship between the EU and the Member States; the supremacy of EU law and its impact upon the principle of UK parliamentary sovereignty; the direct and indirect effect of EU law in the national courts; and the ability of those national courts to request preliminary rulings from the Court of Justice. The book also examines the obligations that EU law imposes on Member States, including the operation of infringement actions and Member State liability in damages for breaches of EU law, and the obligations that it imposes on both the EU institutions and the Member States to protect human rights in the EU. It then discusses economic integration within the internal market and how EU law regulates the rights of individuals and businesses under the ‘four freedoms’, focusing on the free movement of persons and goods. Finally, the book considers competition law and its enforcement within Member States.
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Pernice, Ingolf, and Ana Maria Guerra Martins, eds. Brexit and the Future of EU Politics. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748903246.
Анотація:
As the end of the Brexit process is still not in sight, the consequences of the UK’s withdrawal from the EU—with or without an agreement—are difficult to assess. This volume aims at an interim assessment of Brexit, from basic questions of sovereignty, which Brexiteers seem to be striving to recover, models of differentiated integration and the protection of fundamental rights, to the principle of democracy, which seems to be being challenged in different ways. How has the internal market been affected by Brexit? How have citizens’ social rights as developed by the ECJ been affected? What impact has Brexit had on the control of immigration in the UK? All this is dealt with in part II of this anthology. Its last part is devoted to monetary and financial policies, as well as to the Common Foreign and Security Policy, a policy that is only subject to supranational discipline in part and in which the UK, nevertheless, plays an important role—and may continue to do so in the future. A great deal looks different today than one may have expected prior to the 2016 referendum.
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Vasilopoulou, Sofia. The Radical Right and Euroskepticism. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.7.
Анотація:
This chapter examines the role that the European Union (EU) issue plays in radical right party agendas. It shows that, despite the fact that radical right parties tend to adopt dissimilar positions on the principle, practice, and future of European integration, they all tend to criticize the EU from a predominantly sovereignty-based perspective justified on ethnocultural grounds. The EU is portrayed as posing a threat to national sovereignty, its policies dismantling the state and its territory, as well as being responsible for the cultural disintegration of Europe and its nation-states. The analysis of EU issue positions and salience over time suggests that—despite variations—radical right parties engage in EU issue competition not only by adopting extreme positions but also by increasingly emphasizing these positions over time.
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Condinanzi, Massimo, Francesca Ippolito, and Maria Eugenia Bartoloni. Eu and the Proliferation of Integration Principles under the Lisbon Treaty. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Частини книг з теми "EU integration principle":
1
Sjåfjell, Beate. "The environmental integration principle." In The EU and the Proliferation of Integration Principles under the Lisbon Treaty, 105–22. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York , NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315222936-6.
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Wouters, Jan, and Pierre Schmitt. "Equality Among Member States and Differentiated Integration in the EU." In The Principle of Equality in EU Law, 43–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66137-7_2.
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Lombardo, Marco. "The Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Environmental Policy Integration Principle." In The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, 217–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0156-4_12.
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Caracciolo di Torella, Eugenia. "The principle of gender mainstreaming." In The EU and the Proliferation of Integration Principles under the Lisbon Treaty, 45–54. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York , NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315222936-3.
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Prentza, Andriana, David Mitzman, Madis Ehastu, and Lefteris Leontaridis. "TOOP Pilot Experiences: Challenges and Achievements in Implementing Once-Only in Different Domains and Member States." In The Once-Only Principle, 191–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79851-2_10.
Анотація:
AbstractThe Once-Only Principle (OOP) enables public administrations to support citizen and business life-cycle oriented issues as opposed to mere integration of administrative systems designed to serve bureaucratic ends. The Once-Only Principle project (TOOP) was funded by the EU Program Horizon 2020, with the aim to explore and demonstrate the OOP through multiple sustainable pilots in different domains, using a federated architecture on a cross-border collaborative pan-European scale, enabling the connection of different registries and architectures in different countries for better exchange of information across public administrations. The different pilot domains (eProcurement, Maritime and General Business Mobility) identified potential use cases suitable to show the OOP, defined the goals and expected benefits of TOOP based on motivational scenarios and process analyses and provided requirements to the TOOP Reference and Solution Architectures. Especially for the General Business Mobility domain requirements were provided also from the Single Digital Gateway Regulation. These requirements guided the development of the TOOP specifications and the TOOP components, the Member States deployed the TOOP specifications and components and participated in different connectathons demonstrating the OOP.
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Kosta, Vasiliki. "Fundamental rights mainstreaming in the EU." In The EU and the Proliferation of Integration Principles under the Lisbon Treaty, 14–44. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York , NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315222936-2.
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Ippolito, Francesca. "Mainstreaming equality in the EU legal order." In The EU and the Proliferation of Integration Principles under the Lisbon Treaty, 55–82. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York , NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315222936-4.
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Vogel, Lars. "Illiberal and Anti-EU Politics in the Name of the People? Euroscepticism in East Central Europe 2004–2019 in Comparative Perspective." In Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics, 29–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54674-8_2.
Анотація:
Abstract This chapter describes patterns, trends and determinants of public Euroscepticism in East Central Europe (ECE). It investigates whether public opinion on European integration in this region is connected to the contestation of both the immigration policies and the constitutional principles of the EU by the respective national governments. By applying longitudinal and comparative analyses based on European Election Studies from 2004 to 2019, it shows public support for European integration in ECE as more closely linked to instrumental performance assessments than in the EU average and as structured by country-specific rather than region-specific patterns. Cultural issues, like immigration and conceptions of democracy, which dominate ECE governmental politics, are only related to public Euroscepticism in some of those countries. Based on these results, the chapter suggests that the connection between the illiberal and anti-EU politics of ECE national governments and public Euroscepticism is loose and conditional upon the national context.
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Jungblut, Jens, Peter Maassen, and Mari Elken. "Quo Vadis EHEA: Balancing Structural Continuation and Political Variety." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 391–415. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_25.
Анотація:
Abstract While the EHEA has achieved its goal to reduce structural barriers for student and staff mobility, the situation is different when it comes to the realization of the agreed upon promotion of basic values and principles. For example, in a number of EHEA countries the adherence of academic freedom has deteriorated since 2010. In addition, various studies have suggested a decreasing level of political commitment to Europeanisation of higher education in a growing number of countries. Achieving progress in the coming period in this key part of the EHEA’s objectives is difficult also as a result of the problems the overall process of European integration faces. For example, Brexit, the rise of anti-EU political parties and movements, and growing disagreements among EU member states on the key ideas and principles underlying European integration are posing serious challenges for Europe’s way forward in higher education collaboration. In this chapter, we will discuss a number of the challenges facing, directly or indirectly, the EHEA. We will start with a discussion of the importance of the rise of science diplomacy for the EHEA, being a consequence of the growing connection between foreign affairs and the higher education & science policy areas. Next, we will analyse the growing intra-European political tensions, with a number of EHEA countries not adhering to basic European values and principles concerning liberal democracy and open societies. Further, we will examine relevant trends in EU-funded higher education collaboration within the EHEA, with special attention for the European University Initiative. Finally, the discussions and analyses presented in the chapter lead to proposing two complementary EHEA trajectories for the coming period, the first implying a move away from the geographical focus on Europe, the second including only those countries that adhere to promoting academic freedom, institutional autonomy and other basic values and principles. Both trajectories take as a starting-point that the EHEA is in need of fundamental reforms.
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Ippolito, Francesca, Maria Eugenia Bartoloni, and Massimo Condinanzi. "Introduction." In The EU and the Proliferation of Integration Principles under the Lisbon Treaty, 1–13. Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York , NY : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315222936-1.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "EU integration principle":
1
Ay, Ahmet, Fatih Ayhan, and Mustafa Gerçeker. "Analyzing the Free Movement of Goods Principle in European Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01419.
Анотація:
In this paper, it will be analyzed the free movement of goods principle’s progress in European Union. This principle have special importance for all countries not only EU members. Because of globalisation’s effects, all countries have to open their boundaries to all over the World. Thus the free movement of goods affects almost all countries. Free movement of goods principle is achieved a successful progress in EU case. In this paper, we will try to show this principle’s success in EU agreements, regulations, settlements and peaks. Not only in EU, but also all open economies are getting extra benefit from trade. Free movement of goods is a part of international trade and also first step of EU integration process. Followings steps are consisting of free movement of capitals, services and human. In this paper, we’ll show the meaning and importance of this principle and its historical progress in EU. And also it will be analyzed to basic drawback, preventions, and exceptions of this principle.
2
Đurić, Stefan, and Bojana Lalatović. "SOLIDARITY CHECK IN TIMES OF COVID-19. ANALYSIS OF THE EU APPROACH TOWARDS ITS CLOSEST NEIGHBOURS WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON MONTENEGRO." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18303.
Анотація:
Solidarity as one of the cornerstone values of the European Union has been once again seated on the red chair and intensively discussed within the European Union and broader. After the economic recession and migrant crisis that marked the last two decades, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has once again harshly tested the fundamental objectives and values of the European Union and the responsiveness and effectiveness of its governance system on many fronts. In April, 2020 several EU Member States were among the worst affected countries worldwide and this situation soon became similar in their closest neighbourhood. It put a huge pressure on the EU to act faster, while at the same time placing this sui generis community to the test that led to revealing its strengths and weaknesses. As it happened in the previous crises, the Union launched policies and various programmes that were meant to lessen the burden of the Member States and aspiring countries caused by the crises. The objectives of the mentioned soft law instruments that the EU adopted during the COVID-19 crisis has been not only to show that EU law is equipped to react to health and economic crises rapidly but to deliver its support in terms of solidarity to its Member States and its closest neighbours facing the unprecedented health and economic crisis. This article will explore the value and implication of the solidarity principle in times of Covid-19 in its various manifestations. A special focus will be on the financial and material aspects of the EU instruments created to combat the negative consequences of the pandemic and their further impact on shaping the solidarity principle within the EU system. While examining the character and types of these mechanisms a special focus will be placed on those available to Western Balkan countries, whereas Montenegro as the “fast runner” in the EU integration process will be taken as a case study for the purpose of more detailed analyses. One of the major conclusions of the paper will be that although the speed of the EU reactions due to highly complex structure of decision making was not always satisfying for all the actors concerned, the EU once again has shown that it is reliable and that it treats the Western Balkan countries as privileged partners all for the sake of ending pandemic and launching the socio-economic recovery of the Western Balkans. Analytical and comparative methods will be dominantly relied upon throughout the paper. This will allow the authors to draw the main conclusions of the paper and assess the degree of solidarity as well as the effectiveness of the existing EU instruments that are available to Montenegro and aimed at diminishing negative consequences of the crisis.
3
Runcheva Tasev, Hristina, Milena Apostolovska-Stepanoska, and Leposava Ognjanoska. "THE POTENTIAL OF ARTICLE 259 TFEU AS A TOOL FOR UPHOLDING THE MUTUAL TRUST IN THE EU." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22446.
Анотація:
The principle of mutual trust, whose fundamental importance is recognized by the CJEU, is not mentioned in the Treaties, but nonetheless, it plays an essential role for the EU integration process and has become a structural principle of the EU law. In addition to its role as a basis for a large set of EU rules in the areas such as the internal market and the area of freedom, security and justice, this principle is also closely related to the EU founding values including the rule of law. Having in mind that is not a “blind trust” but an assumption, it is applied through ensuring compliance with the Union law for which both the Member States and the European Commission share responsibility, inter alia, by means of the infringement procedure. Under Article 259 TFEU, Member States are also entitled to bring a direct action against another Member State for an alleged infringement of an obligation under the Treaties. However, it is extremely rare for a Member State to take action upon the Article 259 TFEU and its potential remains untapped till now. This contribution aims to answer why do Member States are inactive in terms of invoking the infringement procedure. It argues that infringement procedure initiated by a Member State against another Member State should not be perceived as a violation of the mutual trust between them but as a tool to uphold the mutual trust and to protect the Union’s founding values, including the rule of law.
4
Ryan, Claire, Bryan A. Rodgers, and Jeff M. Punch. "SnAgCu Micro-Ball Grid Array (BGA) Solder Joint Evaluation Using a Torsion Mechanical Fatigue Test Method." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73318.
Анотація:
Due to the hazard which lead poses to health and the environment the EU is banning its use in electrical and electronic equipment from July 2006. This ban along with the market drive to more environmentally friendly products means that tin-lead solders must be replaced with lead-free alternatives. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the mechanical fatigue properties of tin-silver-copper (SnAgCu) solder joints with a baseline of tin-lead (SnPb). The test vehicle comprised of an 8-layer FR4 printed circuit board (PCB) mounted with four micro-ball grid array (BGA) components — each with a total of 100 solder balls in a 10×10 array. The solder joints were formed using surface mount reflow processes optimised for both solder types. A torsion mechanical fatigue test was employed to evaluate the solder joints — the principle of which was to stress the solder joints repetitively in order to determine the number of cycles to failure. The BGA components were daisy-chained — the resistance across each daisy-chain was monitored continuously during the cyclic defection of the test board. A profile of the increase in resistance with cycle number was established and the number of cycles to failure determined. The failure mechanism induced by the cycling was examined using cross-section and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results for SnAgCu joints show a superior performance during torsion mechanical fatigue testing than SnPb joints; giving a greater number of cycles to failure. The results from the tests presented in this paper show that the torsion test method provides a viable alternative to ATC as a qualification method for solder joints, while also providing substantial time savings — taking weeks rather than months to complete.
5
Xu, Kun, Minyou Ye, Yuntao Song, Mingzhun Lei, and Shifeng Mao. "Neutronic Analyses for CFETR With Modular Helium Cooled Lithium Ceramic Blanket." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67291.
Анотація:
China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a superconducting tokamak proposed by national integration design group for magnetic confinement fusion reactor of China to bridge the R&D gaps between ITER and DEMO. Since the launch of CFETR conceptual design, a modular helium cooled lithium ceramic blanket concept had been under development by the blanket integration design team of the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to complete CFETR in demonstrating its fusion energy production ability, tritium self-sufficiency and the remote maintenance strategy. To validate the feasibility, the neutronic analyses for CFETR with this modular helium cooled lithium ceramic blanket were performed. The 1-D neutronic study for CFETR was done in the first place to give a preliminary and quick demonstration of the overall neutronic performance. Meanwhile, the neutronic analyses for a single standard helium cooled lithium ceramic blanket module were done in several times to give more insight for the material and geometry parameters of intra-module structures. Therefore, the principles for neutronic design and the module level optimized parameters were produced, based on which the design of practical blanket modules planted in tokamak vacuum vessel was completed. In the end, the 3-D neutronic analysis for CFETR was done utilizing the MCNP code, in which the 11.25 degree sector model (consist of blanket modules, manifold, support plate, shield, divertor, vacuum vessel, thermal shield and TF coils) was generated with the McCad automated conversion tool from the reference CAD model for analysis, the bi-dimensional (radial and poloidal) neutron source map was plugged via general source definition card to stimulate the D-T fusion neutrons. The concerned neutronics parameters of CFETR, mainly including the tritium breeding ratio to characterize tritium self-sufficiency, the energy multiplication factor to characterize power generation, as well as, the inboard mid-plane radial profiles of neutron flux densities, helium production rate, displacement damage rate and the energy deposition to characterize the shielding performance, were produced. In principle, the neutronics performance of CFETR with modular helium cooled lithium ceramic blanket is promising. The tritium breeding capability meets the design target and, by referring to that for ITER and the EU DEMO fusion power plant, the inboard mid-plane shielding is effective to fulfill the radiation design requirement of the superconducting TF-coils, resulting in a compulsory warm-up time interval of ∼2 FPY for TF-coils. The nuclear heating loads to other CFETR components were generated. As an outcome of this work, the applicability of McCad on CFETR neutronic modeling is demonstrated.
6
Trancossi, Michele, Antonio Dumas, and Mauro Madonia. "Energy and Mission Optimization of an Airship by Constructal Design for Efficiency Method." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63448.
Анотація:
It is possible to define a novel design method, which aims overcoming both traditional, the traditional Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, and to solve a fundamental issue relating to the actual formalization of the Constructal optimization method. It aims only to enhance and integrate the constructal design method and aims to produce designs, which could be, optimized both at system level and subsystem definition. This novel method is based on the second principle of thermodynamics and the constructal law. It aims to produce a design process based on two steps. The first step aims producing a theoretical design of a system to reach energetic and operative optimization. The second aims to optimize the subcomponents of the system according the bottom up approach defined by constructal design optimization. A third step relating to the readiness against technology analysis is necessary to develop an effective industrial design. This method has named Constructal Design for Efficiency. In this paper the authors, starting from the experience produced by the MAAT EU FP7, about the design of a cruiser-feeder and energy self sufficient airship for transport has produced the optimization of a medium altitude airship for transport, focused on the optimization of flying vehicle architecture to minimize by design the energy consumption during flight. The produced results allow defining a novel airship concept, which optimizes the airship shape to reach three fundamental energetic goals: energy consumption minimization; photovoltaic energy production maximization; definition of the conditions for energetically self-sufficient flight. The defined architecture can maximize the operative possibilities realizing an airship, which can ensure a point-to-point ground, based logistic models without any airport infrastructure with potential breakthrough impacts because of a better integration with any other terrestrial, maritime and aerial transport mode. Notwithstanding the use of hydrogen, it ensures an increased perception of safety by potential customers. It presents a safer ballooning architecture, without internal air ballonets, a cabin not directly attached to the bottom part of the balloon, which can be detached and piloted safely on the ground in case of serious accident during flight.
7
Korsaka, Tereza, and Gunta Grinberga-Zalite. "Theoretical characteristics of using leverage instruments in the context of rural entrepreneurship." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.022.
Анотація:
Today, the matters pertaining to regional and urban development in the EU are increasingly integrated into EU development plans and strategies. The EU actively facilitates regional development by supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the regions to contribute to employment, education and social integration. The strategic goal of the National Development Plan of Latvia 2021-2027 is to promote also regional development in Latvia in order to ensure long-term balanced growth in the country. Promoting entrepreneurship in the regions is of great importance, as Latvia is still one of the countries in the European Union experiencing unbalanced regional development and having socio-economic disparities. Consequently, financial performance and financial stability play an important role in sustainable business development. Rural entrepreneurs whose business is seasonal often lack an awareness of the role of financial leverage degrees, which could lead to making wrong decisions. Performing an assessment of the degrees of financial leverage could be useful not only in a situation when experiencing a business expansion but also when a business decline occurs, which is specific to rural entrepreneurship. A hypothesis of the present research is based on the authors’ opinion that by meaningfully applying the degrees of financial leverage, it is possible to enhance the financial performance of enterprises, which is particularly important for rural entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is to define the degrees of financial leverage – the degree of operating leverage (DOL), the degree of financial leverage (DFL) and the degree of combined leverage (DCL) – as measures of financial performance of enterprises and classify the principles of measure assessment in relation to whether the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations are positive or negative. The research employed the following methods: induction – to make scientific assumptions and identify similarities based on individual elements – and deduction – to logically systematize and explain empirical data. Applying the empirical and logical construction methods, the authors analysed six different theoretically possible situations, gave six different examples, defined and classified the principles of leverage degree assessment as different (positive and negative) in relation to the indicator percentage changes used in financial leverage calculations.
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Slaveski, Trajko, та Darko Lazarov. "How Do Institutions Determine Economic Growth? Evidеnce from Central and Eastern Europe before and during Global Economic Crisis". У International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01040.
Анотація:
We investigate the influence of institutions on economic growth and the level of income per capita in CEE region, before and during the global economic crisis. We use principal factor component analysis in order to create a more reliable and representative variable that will measure the institutional quality in our regression models, and avoid the multi colinearity, a common statistical weakness for this type of regression models. The results from panel (random and fixed effects) regressions and GMM dynamic panel regression lead to two contrasting insights. The first regression model shows positive and statistically significant correlation between institutions and economic growth, which would imply that the CEE countries that have created a strong institutional capacity during transition and post-transition period have experienced higher economic growth. The second regression model, which refers to the global economic crisis period, shows a negative influence of institutions on economic growth for the same sample of countries. One explanation for this result might be the fact that countries with a higher degree of integration into the EU were also more vulnerable to the global economic crisis.
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Guštin, Matko. "CHALLENGES OF PROTECTING CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22439.
Анотація:
The imperative of every state is to protect the children’s rights as the most vulnerable social group. The protection of children’s rights has been particularly intensified with the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which promotes four basic principles – non-discrimination, the right to life, participation in decision-making and active participation in resolving issues that affect their lives, as well as the best interests of the child. The consequences of the (still actual) COVID-19 pandemic are visible in many areas, including the protection of children’s rights. Namely, children had to get used to the “new normal” in an extremely short period of time, which in certain segments had an adverse effect on their development and social integration. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are also visible in the digital environment, which brings with it a number of positive and negative aspects in relation to children and their rights. Although the virtual environment has made it possible to fulfil one of the universal rights of children – the right to education, it has intensified a special form of violence – virtual, cyber violence that threatens the safety of children in the “new normal”. It is important to emphasize that the Council of Europe has adopted Recommendation CM/Rec (2018)7 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on Guidelines for Respect, Protection and Exercise of the Rights of the Child in the Digital Environment. Given that the digital environment shapes children’s lives in different ways, creating opportunities, but also certain risks to protect their well-being, this document recommends that member states review their legislation, policies and practices to promote the full range of children’s rights in the digital environment and providing effective responses to all the impacts of the digital environment on the well-being of children and the enjoyment of their human rights. European Union policies in the field of protection of children’s rights are also very important. Through its policies, the European Union seeks to enable every child to realize his or her full rights. The European Union’s Strategy on the rights of the child sets children apart from the leaders of tomorrow and the citizens of today. For the issues of this paper, a particularly important part of the Strategy are the guidelines for creating policies aimed at protecting the rights of children in the digital society. In addition to the above, there are a number of other documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union for the protection and promotion of children’s rights, which are analyzed in the context of digitalization. Special emphasis is placed on contemporary issues of development and protection of children’s rights to privacy in the digital environment, the right to access the Internet and digital literacy, but also cyber violence as a form of endangering the child’s safety, and the discussion on which issues was further stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Звіти організацій з теми "EU integration principle":
1
Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.
Анотація:
20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.