Статті в журналах: "Event impact"

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Khan, Shahbaz, Razzi Abbas Jafri, Nida Baig, Muhammad Shaique, and Muhammad Usman. "Stock index manipulation around election announcements: evidence from Pakistan stock exchange." International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaes.v5i2.7792.

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The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of political general elections of Pakistan on KSE-100 index. We employed Event study methodology on closing prices of KSE-100 index over the time period January, 1998 to May, 2013. During our sample period, 3 events of political general Elections occurred i.e., Event1 in 2002, Event2 in 2008, and recently Event3 in 2013. We construct an Event window of 11 days consisting of 5 pre-event days, 1 on-event day, and 5 post-event days. Results of this study show that Events 1 -and 2 put significant negative impact on stock returns, while Event3 demonstrates a significant positive impact on stock returns. This study also revealed the pre -and post-event comparison for all of the three events and, suggested that as soon as the political situation of the country changes, behavior of investors towards political general election also changes. Manipulation in stock index has always been remained an inconclusive phenomenon for investors and policy makers. So, further evidence on an individual country level might suggest fruitful guidelines to both investors and policy makers.

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Nizyaev, Denis Alexandrovich, and Mariya Yurjevna Belyakova. "Pandemic Impact on Event Marketing of Racing Events." OrelSIET Bulletin, no. 2 (2022): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36683/2076-5347-2022-2-60-50-53.

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Heck, Sandra. "Assessing the Ecological Impact of Ultramarathon Events in Protected Natural Sites: ‘Le Grand Raid Réunion’." Heritage 2, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010048.

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Outdoor sport events evidently have an impact on the environment. If they are taking place in naturally protected areas this impact is even greater. By taking ’Le Grand Raid Réunion’, an international ultramarathon annually organized in the heart of an UNESCO World Natural Heritage site, as a case study, this paper concentrates on assessing the ecological impact of an outdoor sports event in a protected natural site. On the basis of datasets taken from official logistics lists and from a survey conducted among all event participants the analysis embraces ecological and carbon event footprinting. Measuring those two indicators allows identifying the specific event-related ecological impacts, including diverse variables caused by the athletes, the spectators, and the related organizational requirements. The results of the study thereby have the ability to strongly influence the future event policy and to function as a model for the assessment of the ecological impact of other outdoor sports events.

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Liang, Ying-Wen, Chih-Hung Wang, Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur, Chang-Hua Yen, and Jin-Hua Tu. "Mega-event and urban sustainable development." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 7, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-05-2016-0033.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact indicators of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Exposition from the perspective of residents and to investigate the effects of these impacts on the urban sustainability through the perceptions of Taipei residents after the exposition. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a literature review and consulted experts to identify the impact indicators of the exposition. This process resulted in 17 indicators of economic impact, 12 indicators of environmental impact, and 13 indicators of social impact, and the authors developed a 12-dimension/42-indicator mega-event impact measurement scale. Using a survey of 1,628 host residents after the exposition, the authors performed regression analysis to investigate the effects of these impacts on the urban sustainability. Findings The results indicated that economic, environmental, and social impacts exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability. All positive dimensions of economic, environmental, and social impact exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability, and all negative dimensions exerted nonsignificant effects on urban sustainability. Originality/value This study identified the impact indicators of the 2010 Taipei International Flora Exposition and investigated the effects of these impacts on the urban sustainability. The findings of this study indicated that economic, environmental, and social impacts of the exposition exerted significant positive effects on urban sustainability.

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Pietrantonio, Filomena, Luigi De Gennaro, Maria Cristina Di Paolo, and Luigi Solano. "The Impact of Event Scale." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 55, no. 4 (October 2003): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00638-4.

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Motlagh, Helena. "Impact of Event Scale-Revised." Journal of Physiotherapy 56, no. 3 (2010): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1836-9553(10)70029-1.

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Koch, James V., and Robert N. Fenili. "Using Event Studies to Assess the Impact of Unexpected Events." Business Economics 48, no. 1 (February 2013): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/be.2012.34.

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Reynolds, Bryson B., James Patrie, Erich J. Henry, Howard P. Goodkin, Donna K. Broshek, Max Wintermark, and T. Jason Druzgal. "Practice type effects on head impact in collegiate football." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 2 (February 2016): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.5.jns15573.

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OBJECT This study directly compares the number and severity of subconcussive head impacts sustained during helmet-only practices, shell practices, full-pad practices, and competitive games in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-A football team. The goal of the study was to determine whether subconcussive head impact in collegiate athletes varies with practice type, which is currently unregulated by the NCAA. METHODS Over an entire season, a cohort of 20 collegiate football players wore impact-sensing mastoid patches that measured the linear and rotational acceleration of all head impacts during a total of 890 athletic exposures. Data were analyzed to compare the number of head impacts, head impact burden, and average impact severity during helmet-only, shell, and full-pad practices, and games. RESULTS Helmet-only, shell, and full-pad practices and games all significantly differed from each other (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean number of impacts for each event, with the number of impacts being greatest for games, then full-pad practices, then shell practices, and then helmet-only practices. The cumulative distributions for both linear and rotational acceleration differed between all event types (p < 0.01), with the acceleration distribution being similarly greatest for games, then full-pad practices, then shell practices, and then helmet-only practices. For both linear and rotational acceleration, helmet-only practices had a lower average impact severity when compared with other event types (p < 0.001). However, the average impact severity did not differ between any comparisons of shell and full-pad practices, and games. CONCLUSIONS Helmet-only, shell, and full-pad practices, and games result in distinct head impact profiles per event, with each succeeding event type receiving more impacts than the one before. Both the number of head impacts and cumulative impact burden during practice are categorically less than in games. In practice events, the number and cumulative burden of head impacts per event increases with the amount of equipment worn. The average severity of individual impacts is relatively consistent across event types, with the exception of helmet-only practices. The number of hits experienced during each event type is the main driver of event type differences in impact burden per athletic exposure, rather than the average severity of impacts that occur during the event. These findings suggest that regulation of practice equipment could be a fair and effective way to substantially reduce subconcussive head impact in thousands of collegiate football players.

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Sundin, Eva C., and Mardi J. Horowitz. "Impact of Event Scale: psychometric properties." British Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 3 (March 2002): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.3.205.

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BackgroundFor more than 20 years, the Impact of Event Scale (IES) has been widely used as a measure of stress reactions after traumatic events.AimsTo review studies that evaluated the IES's psychometric properties.MethodLiterature review.ResultsThe results indicated that the IES's two-factor structure is stable over different types of events, that it can discriminate between stress reactions at different times after the event, and that it has convergent validity with observer-diagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder. The use of IES in many psychopharmacological trials and outcome studies is supportive of the measure's clinical relevance.ConclusionsThe IES is a useful measure of stress reactions after a range of traumatic events, and it is valuable for detecting individuals who require treatment.

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Parra Camacho, David, Ferran Calabuig Moreno, Vicente Añó Sanz, Daniel Ayora Pérez, and Juan Manuel Núñez Pomar. "El impacto de un evento deportivo mediano: percepción de los residentes de la comunidad de acogida (The impact of a medium-size sporting event: The host community perceptions)." Retos, no. 26 (March 6, 2015): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34407.

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El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las percepciones de los residentes de una ciudad sede sobre un evento deportivo de mediana escala, como es el Open 500 de tenis de Valencia, a través de la identificación de grupos cuya actitud hacia este evento sea similar. Después de la realización de la encuesta se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio que permitió agrupar la escala de 23 ítems en cuatro factores: impacto socio-cultural y deportivo, impacto en el desarrollo urbano y las infraestructuras, impacto socio-económico e impacto en la imagen y la promoción. En segundo lugar, se realizó un análisis clúster combinando métodos jerárquicos y no jerárquicos, que permitió encontrar tres grupos de residentes: Favorables, Moderados y Desfavorables. Finalmente se observaron las características del perfil y las diferencias entre los grupos de residentes. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de ciudadanos favorable al evento era bastante reducido en comparación con los otros dos colectivos. También, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables relacionadas con el interés por el deporte, la asistencia al acontecimiento, el grado de afición por el tenis, el respaldo a la celebración del evento, el trabajo vinculado al sector del turismo o los eventos y la identificación con la política de eventos deportivos. Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan una información útil a los organizadores de eventos deportivos y autoridades para comprender y atender mejor las necesidades y demandas de los ciudadanos.Palabras clave: evento deportivo mediano, percepción de los residentes, impacto social, análisis clúster.Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the residents perceptions of a city based on a medium-scale sporting event, such as tennis Open 500 Valencia, through the identification of groups whose attitude toward this event is similar. After completing the survey, an exploratory factor analysis was performed grouping the 23-item scale in four factors: socio-cultural and sports impact, infrastructure and urban impact, socio- economic impact and impact on the image and promotion. Second, cluster analysis was performed combining hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods, which allowed finding three groups of residents: Favorable, Moderate and Unfavorable. Finally, profile observed characteristics and differences between groups of residents. The results showed that the group of citizens with a favorable attitude towards the event was relatively small compared to the other two groups. Also, statistically significant differences were found in the variables related to the interest in the sport, event attendance, degree of fondness for tennis, supporting the event, the work related to tourism or events and the identification with sports events policy. The results of this study provide useful information for sports event organizers and authorities to understand and better meet the needs and demands of citizens.Key words: medium-scale sporting event, residents’ perceptions, social impact, cluster analysis.

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Hyer, Kathryn, and Lisa M. Brown. "The Impact of Event Scale– Revised." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 108, no. 11 (November 2008): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000339101.39986.85.

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12

Sterling, Michele. "The Impact of Event Scale (IES)." Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 54, no. 1 (2008): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0004-9514(08)70074-6.

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Andersson, Tommy D., John Armbrecht, and Erik Lundberg. "Linking event quality to economic impact." Journal of Vacation Marketing 23, no. 2 (November 17, 2015): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766715615913.

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The aim of this study is to develop and test, in an event context, a model describing the relationships between perceived quality, satisfaction, use value and consumer expenditures. A model is proposed and tested using data from a Web and telephone survey of 326 visitors to a Swedish music festival. Findings from bivariate correlation, multiple regression and structural equation models show that links are significant and support a chain of dependencies. Better managed festivals seem to generate higher economic impact at the destination as well as in the festival area. Implications of this are that festival managers can influence the economic impact by careful design, planning and operation of the festival and that the DMO can positively influence the economic impact by monitoring the quality of publicly supported festivals and events. Quality standards and quality certification could provide means for such developments.

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14

Sorin, Sylvain. "On the impact of an event." International Journal of Game Theory 27, no. 3 (November 2, 1998): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001820050075.

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Napier, Bill, and David Asher. "The Tunguska impact event and beyond." Astronomy & Geophysics 50, no. 1 (February 2009): 1.18–1.26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2009.50118.x.

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Handyastuti, Indriyani, Dwiesty Dyah Utami, and Vanda Nirma Audita. "LOCAL COMMUNITIES PERCEPTION ON THE IMPACT OF PRAMBANAN JAZZ FESTIVAL." Journal of Indonesian Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 3, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jithor.v3i2.28568.

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The development of the organization of the event now starts to vary and provides a valuable and impressive experience for many people. So, from that along with its development, the event appeared increasingly unique both in terms of concept to the venue used. One of the events that have its uniqueness is the festival. In this case, the Prambanan Jazz Festival is one of the types of events that are used as the focus of research. Organizing an event can have an impact on the surrounding community, both in terms of social, environmental, and economical. Communities in the surrounding environment will have different perceptions about the impact of the event. An event can be considered as successful if the community perceives the positive benefit from the event and give considerable support. The research method used in this study is quantitative with descriptive analysis. The purpose of this study was to find out how local people perceive the impact of the implementation of Prambanan Jazz Festival on social, environmental, and economic impacts. The result of this study indicates that the Prambanan Jazz Festival had a little social impact on local communities. The Prambanan Jazz Festival does not provide significant environmental impact from some of the main aspects of this study. In addition, the implementation of the Prambanan Jazz Festival has not affected the economy around the event area due to the absence of programs made by the event organizers to support the economy of the surrounding community.Keywords: Local Communities Perception, Prambanan Jazz Festival, The Impact of Event

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Taks, Marijke, Daichi Oshimi, and Nola Agha. "Other- versus Self-Referenced Social Impacts of Events: Validating a New Scale." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410281.

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Publicly funded sport events are partially justified based on positive social impacts. Past research generally measured social impact for a generic and global “other” with claims such as “Events create new friendships in the community”. These other-referenced (OR) social impacts are generally higher pre-event than post-event and are inflated for both methodological and theoretical reasons. In the pre-event period of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, we empirically tested OR items compared to self-referenced (SR) items, such as “Because of the event, I create new friends in the community” and allowed projection bias to vary between scales. Results of the experiment between an OR-Social Impact Scale (OR-SIS) and a similar SR-SIS confirmed OR-measures to be significantly higher than SR-measures. While artificially inflated OR scores may be useful for event organizers and politicians to gain support for hosting, estimates based on circumscribed self (SR) are a methodologically appropriate measurement of social impact.

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Lund, Adam, Sheila A. Turris, and Ron Bowles. "Conceptualizing the Impact of Special Events on Community Health Service Levels: An Operational Analysis." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 5 (September 4, 2014): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000880.

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AbstractMass gatherings (MG) impact their host and surrounding communities and with inadequate planning, may impair baseline emergency health services. Mass gatherings do not occur in a vacuum; they have both consumptive and disruptive effects that extend beyond the event itself. Mass gatherings occur in real geographic locations that include not only the event site, but also the surrounding neighborhoods and communities. In addition, the impact of small, medium, or large special events may be felt for days, or even months, prior to and following the actual events. Current MG reports tend to focus on the events themselves during published event dates and may underestimate the full impact of a given MG on its host community.In order to account for, and mitigate, the full effects of MGs on community health services, researchers would benefit from a common model of community impact. Using an operations lens, two concepts are presented, the “vortex” and the “ripple,” as metaphors and a theoretical model for exploring the broader impact of MGs on host communities. Special events and MGs impact host communities by drawing upon resources (vortex) and by disrupting normal, baseline services (ripple). These effects are felt with diminishing impact as one moves geographically further from the event center, and can be felt before, during, and after the event dates. Well executed medical and safety plans for events with appropriate, comprehensive risk assessments and stakeholder engagement have the best chance of ameliorating the potential negative impact of MGs on communities.LundA, TurrisSA, BowlesR. Conceptualizing the impact of special events on community health service levels: an operational analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-7.

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Chang, Chia Ming, Fan Chia, and Li Liang Li. "Exploring Resident’s Cognition toward Sport Events’ Environment Impact: A Case of Neimen Song-Jiang Jhen Battle Array Event." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2415.

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This study mainly explores local residents’ cognition toward the impact of holding sport events on the environment. The population for this study is 18-65 year-old residents of Neimen, the place holding Song-Jiang Jhen Battle Array event. Out of 400 survey questionnaires distributed during and after the advent of end of Neimen Song-Jiang Jhen Battle Array event, 306 usable responses were received from participants, indicating a high valid response rate of 76.5%. The results show that (1) residents’ gender and educational background do not exert significant differences among cognition toward positive and negative environmental impacts; (2) younger residents are found to show higher cognition toward positive and negative environmental impact; (3) unmarried residents exert higher positive environmental impact than married residents; (4) residents who support future re-organization of this event are proven to have higher positive environment impact cognition than those who do not; and (5) local residents obviously support the re-organization of Neimen Song-Jiang Jhen Battle Array event in the future.

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Lintumäki, Petri, Hannes Winner, Sabrina Scheiber, Anna Mederle, and Martin Schnitzer. "The Economic Impact of Participant Sports Events: A Case Study for the Winter World Masters Games 2020 in Tyrol, Austria." Economies 8, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8040094.

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The Winter World Masters Games (WWMGs) are a large sports event for 30+-year-old athletes. As there are neither competitive qualification requirements for participants, nor entrance fees for spectators, the event can be considered as a participatory sports tourism event rather than a spectator event. In 2020, the WWMGs were staged in Innsbruck, Tyrol. In this study, we estimate the payoff of the event for the regional economy by assessing the impacts generated by participant spending and organizational expenditure. Furthermore, we discuss the peculiarities of the masters sports concept. Our empirical work is based on three distinct analyses: (1) economic impact analysis of participant spending, (2) cost-benefit analysis of organizational resource flows, and (3) discussion of impacts with experts in a focus group setting. Our results support the previous findings that masters sports events attract rather affluent and consumption-oriented participants. Indeed, the WWMGs were found to have a regional economic impact of €6.18 million and an estimated yield of €4.40 for each publicly subsidized euro. For an audience interested in the economic impact of events, this paper presents a novel method for handling non-normal expenditure distributions and adds to the understanding of how visitor segmentation can be utilized in an assessment of event impacts.

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Gasperini, Luca, Enrico Bonatti, and Giuseppe Longo. "Lake Cheko and the Tunguska Event: impact or non-impact?" Terra Nova 20, no. 2 (April 2008): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00792.x.

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Lai Cao Mai, Phuong. "How COVID-19 impacts Vietnam’s banking stocks: An event study method." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 1 (March 12, 2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(1).2021.09.

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The banking industry is one of the major industries in the Vietnamese stock market, so understanding how the industry index reacts to unusual events such as COVID-19’s impact is very important for the development of the Vietnamese stock market. This study examines the response of the banking sector index to three lockdown/blockage announcements to prevent the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam in 2020. Three times of lockdown/blockage: On February 13, 2020, blockade of Son Loi commune, Vinh Phuc province; on March 30, 2020, Vietnam announced the nationwide epidemic of COVID-19 and then nationwide lockdown, and on July 28, 2020, blockade in Da Nang. In the first case, the abnormal returns changed the sign around the notification date indicating that the stock price deviated from its fair value, but accumulating abnormal returns CAR (0;3] and CAR (0; 2] are both positive and statistically significant, which means that investors are more secure when the epidemic area is tightly controlled. The nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on the stock price when both AR and CAR were negative and statistically significant before and after the date of the event’s announcement. Nationwide lockdown was the event that had the strongest impact on stock prices as both AR and CAR were negative in the days before and days after the event. This result supports the theory of imperfect substitution. Only AR [2] was positive and statistically significant, showing that the blockade event in Da Nang had a slight impact on the banking sector’s stock price.

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Kosziwka, G., L. Champoux, J. Cournoyer, M. Gilchrist, and T. B. Hoshizaki. "Risk of head injury associated with distinct head impact events in elite women's hockey." Journal of Concussion 5 (January 2021): 205970022110588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20597002211058894.

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Head injuries are a major health concern for sport participants as 90% of emergency department visits for sport-related brain injuries are concussion related.1 Recently, reports have shown a higher incidence of sport-related concussion in female athletes compared to males.3 Few studies have described the events by which concussions occur in women's hockey,2,7,8 however a biomechanical analysis of the risk of concussion has not yet been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the highest risk concussive events in elite women's hockey and characterize these events through reconstructions to identify the associated levels of peak linear and angular acceleration and strain from finite element analysis. 44 head impact events were gathered from elite women's hockey game video and analyzed for impact event, location and velocity. In total, 27 distinct events based on impact event, location and velocity were reconstructed using a hybrid III headform and various testing setups to obtain dynamic response and brain tissue response. A three-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was conducted to determine the influence of event, location and velocity. The results of this study show that head- to-ice impacts resulted in significantly higher responses compared to shoulder-to- head collisions and head-to boards impacts however, shoulder and boards impacts were more frequent. All events produced responses comparable to proposed concussion threshold values.21 This research demonstrates the importance of considering the event, the impact characteristics, the magnitude of response, and the frequency of these impacts when attempting to capture the short and long term risks of brain trauma in women's hockey.

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Chappell, Rachel, Sarah Fearn, James Raftery, and Christopher Kipps. "179 Impact inventory development in neurological pathways." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 9 (August 12, 2022): e2.139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn2.223.

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BackgroundQuantification of the economic burden within long-term neurological conditions pathways is difficult, and little evidence is available on how best to approach this. With the ambition to deliver care differently through digital mechanisms, and enhanced provision of self-management support, it is impera- tive that we develop mechanisms that can help measure the economic impact of pathway interventions in long-term neurological conditions. An impact inventory is a recognised initial step in defining the costs of an intervention from a range of perspectives including health/non-health and known/unknown cost itemsMethodsWe used thematic analysis to analyse survey data on events causing an increase in care needs, grouped these as health- or care-related, calculated reported event frequencies and then applied NHS (National Tariff workbook) and social care reference costs (PSSRU, 2020) to them.ResultsWe identified 728 events comprising 35 event types across 5 long-term neurological conditions. Six events were common across conditions, and 13 were condition-specific. Post-event care costs were significantly greater than health-related costs (mean 7.9 times), and total pathway event costs varied nearly five-fold across conditions (£5,395 vs £23,258).ConclusionCosts can be quantified in neurological pathways using an impact inventory to characterise events that change care requirements.

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Giddy, Julia Kathryn. "The impact of extreme weather on mass-participation sporting events." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 10, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-04-2018-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of extreme weather on tourism events through the perceptions of participants, using the case of the 2017 Cape Town Cycle Tour (CTCT). Design/methodology/approach This study utilized a survey method to collect data. Questionnaires were distributed online to would-be participants in the cancelled 2017 CTCT. The questionnaire included both fixed-response and open-ended questions. Findings The results show that participants experienced mixed emotions to event cancellation. Most felt that the weather conditions warranted cancellation, but some concerns emerged as to how the cancellation was managed. In addition, many felt that the organization of the race needs to be rethought due to numerous negative weather experiences in recent years. Research limitations/implications The findings in this study are exploratory. They focus on a single event in one city. However, they provide important initial insight into how sporting event participants react to the negative impacts of extreme weather. Practical implications These results have important management implications in addressing the impact of weather on the events sector. They are significant in understanding best practice with regard to managing participants in the case of weather impacts on an event. They also demonstrate interesting results with regard to participant loyalty among active sport events tourists. Originality/value The originality of this study is in its extension of the broad discussion of the impact of extreme weather and climate change on tourism to the events sector. The implications of changing weather and climatic patterns on events, particularly mass-participation sporting events, are clear and need to be considered in order to effectively manage future impacts on this important economic sector. This is done by providing insight into how participants respond to these types of circumstances.

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Oshimi, Daichi, and Munehiko Harada. "An Impact of international sporting event in spectators' intention toward the event." Japanese Journal of Sport Management 9, no. 2 (2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5225/jjsm.2017-008.

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Osinski, Gordon R., Richard A. F. Grieve, Patrick J. A. Hill, Sarah L. Simpson, Charles Cockell, Gail L. Christeson, Matthias Ebert, et al. "Explosive interaction of impact melt and seawater following the Chicxulub impact event." Geology 48, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46783.1.

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Abstract The impact of asteroids and comets with planetary surfaces is one of the most catastrophic, yet ubiquitous, geological processes in the solar system. The Chicxulub impact event, which has been linked to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction marking the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, is arguably the most significant singular geological event in the past 100 million years of Earth’s history. The Chicxulub impact occurred in a marine setting. How quickly the seawater re-entered the newly formed basin after the impact, and its effects of it on the cratering process, remain debated. Here, we show that the explosive interaction of seawater with impact melt led to molten fuel–coolant interaction (MFCI), analogous to what occurs during phreatomagmatic volcanic eruptions. This process fractured and dispersed the melt, which was subsequently deposited subaqueously to form a series of well-sorted deposits. These deposits bear little resemblance to the products of impacts in a continental setting and are not accounted for in current classification schemes for impactites. The similarities between these Chicxulub deposits and the Onaping Formation at the Sudbury impact structure, Canada, are striking, and suggest that MFCI and the production of volcaniclastic-like deposits is to be expected for large impacts in shallow marine settings.

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Nwobodo, Stanley, Kwang Sing Ngui, and Mung Ling Voon. "Business Event Destination Determinants: Malaysia Event Organizers' Perspective." Event Management 24, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599519x15506259855931.

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The choice of destination for a business event is influenced by a range of attributes, including the event type, location, or number of attendees. This article investigates the influence of event characteristics on destination selection attributes in Malaysia. Data collected from 261 event organizers using a simple random probability method were analyzed to test for significant differences between destination attributes and event characteristics. The findings revealed that the event size and venue have a significant and direct impact on some destination attributes; however, contrary to previous studies, event type was insignificant and had no direct impact on destination attributes. The results contribute knowledge on approaches to improve the marketing of destinations to business event organizers in Malaysia. Furthermore, the results imply that marketers, who want to optimize strategies to better meet the needs of the Malaysia business event industry, should align destination attributes with the dimensions of event characteristics.

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Boudreaux, Edwin D., Erin O’Hea, Bo Wang, Eugene Quinn, Aaron L. Bergman, Beth C. Bock, and Bruce M. Becker. "Modeling Health Event Impact on Smoking Cessation." Journal of Smoking Cessation 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2923656.

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Background. This study examined how cognitive and affective constructs related to an acute health event predict smoking relapse following an acute cardiac health event. Methods. Participants were recruited from emergency departments and completed cognitive and emotional measures at enrollment and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) for 84 days postvisit. Results. Of 394 participants, only 35 (8.9%) remained abstinent 84 days postvisit. Time to relapse was positively associated with age, actual illness severity, self-efficacy, and quit intentions. Conclusions. Older, seriously ill patients with strong confidence and intentions to quit smoking remain abstinent longer after discharge, but most still relapse within three months.

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Huber, Matthew S., and Christian Koeberl. "Accretionary lapilli from the Sudbury impact event." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 52, no. 6 (June 2017): 1257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.12863.

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Sports Tourism International Counci, Research Unit. "Economic impact of a twinning games event." Journal of Sport & Tourism 1, no. 2 (January 15, 1994): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10295399408718533.

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Davies, Larissa, Richard Coleman, and Girish Ramchandani. "Evaluating event economic impact: rigour versus reality?" International Journal of Event and Festival Management 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2013): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17582951311307494.

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Armbrecht, John, and Tommy D. Andersson. "Subjects and objects of event impact analysis." Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 16, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2016.1162417.

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Dypvik, Henning, Morten Smelror, Pål T. Sandbakken, O. Salvigsen, and E. Kalleson. "Traces of the marine Mjølnir impact event." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241, no. 3-4 (November 2006): 621–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.04.013.

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Hodur, Nancy M., and F. Larry Leistritz. "Estimating the Economic Impact of Event Tourism." Journal of Convention & Event Tourism 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2006): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j452v08n04_05.

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Pickersgill, Annemarie E., Darren F. Mark, Martin R. Lee, Simon P. Kelley, and David W. Jolley. "The Boltysh impact structure: An early Danian impact event during recovery from the K-Pg mass extinction." Science Advances 7, no. 25 (June 2021): eabe6530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe6530.

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Both the Chicxulub and Boltysh impact events are associated with the K-Pg boundary. While Chicxulub is firmly linked to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, the temporal relationship of the ~24-km-diameter Boltysh impact to these events is uncertain, although it is thought to have occurred 2 to 5 ka before the mass extinction. Here, we conduct the first direct geochronological comparison of Boltysh to the K-Pg boundary. Our 40Ar/39Ar age of 65.39 ± 0.14/0.16 Ma shows that the impact occurred ~0.65 Ma after the mass extinction. At that time, the climate was recovering from the effects of the Chicxulub impact and Deccan trap flood volcanism. This age shows that Boltysh has a close temporal association with the Lower C29n hyperthermal recorded by global sediment archives and in the Boltysh crater lake sediments. The temporal coincidence raises the possibility that even a small impact event could disrupt recovery of the Earth system from catastrophic events.

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Aladhadh, Suliman, Xiuzhen Zhang, and Mark Sanderson. "Location impact on source and linguistic features for information credibility of social media." Online Information Review 43, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-03-2018-0087.

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PurposeSocial media platforms provide a source of information about events. However, this information may not be credible, and the distance between an information source and the event may impact on that credibility. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to address an understanding of the relationship between sources, physical distance from that event and the impact on credibility in social media.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors focus on the impact of location on the distribution of content sources (informativeness and source) for different events, and identify the semantic features of the sources and the content of different credibility levels.FindingsThe study found that source location impacts on the number of sources across different events. Location also impacts on the proportion of semantic features in social media content.Research limitations/implicationsThis study illustrated the influence of location on credibility in social media. The study provided an overview of the relationship between content types including semantic features, the source and event locations. However, the authors will include the findings of this study to build the credibility model in the future research.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide a new understanding of reasons behind the overestimation problem in current credibility models when applied to different domains: such models need to be trained on data from the same place of event, as that can make the model more stable.Originality/valueThis study investigates several events – including crisis, politics and entertainment – with steady methodology. This gives new insights about the distribution of sources, credibility and other information types within and outside the country of an event. Also, this study used the power of location to find alternative approaches to assess credibility in social media.

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Sánchez, Víctor Lafuente, María Devesa Fernández, and José Ángel Sanz Lara. "Economic impact of a religious and tourist event." Tourism Economics 23, no. 6 (November 10, 2016): 1255–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816616675996.

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Holy Week is one of the most important traditional celebrations in many parts of the world. It has a deep-rooted cultural and social tradition, yet also embraces a tourist dimension, which ultimately impacts on the economy of the places where it is held. The present work seeks to explore the impact of Holy Week on the city of Palencia (Spain). To do this, an economic impact study based on a description and evaluation of three types of effect, direct, indirect and induced, is carried out. Results show that this event generated a total of €2.258 million, of which 82% remained in the economy of the city itself, with the hotel and restaurant sectors benefitting the most. This traditional celebration thus contributes to creating revenue and employment, to maintaining traditional industries, to preserving cultural heritage and to enhancing the area’s image and projection.

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Tong, Calvin, Marla Kiess, Marc William Deyell, Michael Qiu, Merav Orgad, Valerie Rychel, Ariel Claman, et al. "Impact of frequent premature ventricular contractions on pregnancy outcomes." Heart 104, no. 16 (February 20, 2018): 1370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312624.

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ObjectivesTo determine cardiac and fetal/neonatal event rates among pregnant women with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and compare with control groups.MethodsProspective case–control cohort study: 53 consecutive pregnancies in 49 women referred to the St. Paul’s Hospital between 2010 and 2016 with PVC burden >1% in women without underlying cardiac disease. Maternal cardiac and fetal/neonatal outcomes were compared with two pregnant control groups: (1) supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) group of 53 women referred for a history of SVT/SVT in the current pregnancy and (2) low-risk group of 53 women with no cardiac disease.ResultsThe maximal PVC burden was 9.2% (range 1.1%–58.7%). Six of 53 (11%) pregnancies were complicated by a maternal cardiac event: heart failure n=1 and sustained ventricular tachycardia requiring therapy n=5 as compared with no cardiac events in both control groups. All women with an adverse event had a PVC burden >5%. Seven (13%) pregnancies were complicated by an adverse fetal and/or neonatal event and this was similar to the normal control group (5 (9%), P=0.45) and significantly less than the SVT group (16 (30%), P=0.03). The adverse fetal event was driven by small for gestational age neonates and preterm delivery.ConclusionsIn our cohort of pregnant women with a structurally normal heart and ‘high’ PVC burden, we found an adverse maternal event rate of 11%, and all events were successfully managed with medical therapy. The rate of adverse fetal events in the PVC group was similar to the normal control group.

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Joshipura, Mayank, and Ashu Lamba. "Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on stock returns of Indian healthcare and tourism sectors." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 20, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.20(1).2023.05.

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The rapid spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has adversely impacted global economies and stock markets. This study employs an event study methodology to assess the impact of COVID-19 on stock returns in the healthcare (66 stocks) and tourism (39 stocks) sectors in Indian markets surrounding two events: a) the first COVID-19 case reported in India and b) the announcement of a nationwide lockdown. The findings indicate that investors’ reactions to both events were distinct and asymmetric in healthcare and tourism sectors. The tourism sector stocks react more negatively to the second event than the first, with –2.46% vs. –0.59% event day abnormal returns, respectively. The corresponding figures for healthcare sector stocks are –0.68% and –0.16%, respectively. As expected, pandemic events had a minor negative impact on the healthcare sector. Surprisingly, the tourism industry did not react negatively to the first event. Investors in the tourism industry underreacted to the first reported case; they could not predict the potential consequences and then overreacted to the lockdown announcement. The findings support the behavioral finance theory of underreaction and overreaction, particularly in stressful situations. The study has implications for investors and money managers looking for profitable investment opportunities due to temporary dislocations in stock prices caused by investors’ irrational reactions to certain black swan events.

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Kim, Changwook, and Kyriaki Kaplanidou. "The Effect of Sport Involvement on Support for Mega Sport Events: Why Does It Matter." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 5687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205687.

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For residents of a city that hosts a mega sport event, sport involvement can be associated with their perceptions of the impacts and quality of life (QoL) gained from that event. The attributes of mega sport events, with multiple sports in one competition, are linked with the level of residents’ sport involvement, specifically their interest in and identification with sports, which can foster more positive perceptions and enhance the anticipated QoL from the games. Despite the importance of sport involvement on the support for a mega sport event, most studies have mainly focused on how perceptions of the impact from the event influence support based on social exchange theory (SET). Hence, this study examined how sport involvement affected the relationships among impact perceptions, QoL, and support for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the hypotheses in the proposed model, using a sample of 301 Korean residents. The results revealed that sport involvement had a positive effect on event impact perceptions and QoL, which, in turn, significantly influenced support for the Olympic Games in the pre-stage. The study suggests that sport involvement can leverage support for a mega sport event through the creation of positive perceptions of the impacts of the event.

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Fandella, Paola, Guido Ceccarossi, and Davide Attinà. "Shock events: The impact of news media and communication strategies on listed companies’ share price." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 334–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(1).2022.26.

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Academics studied the theory of a company’s communication when it is involved into a crisis but they were less concerned about the impact of the communication on a listed company’s share price, especially when it resulted from a shock event. There is a lack of information about the role played by news media. The aim of this paper is to investigate if in cases of shock events (i) a company’s response strategy has a different effect on shareholders, observing the effect on share prices, and (ii) how the news media can affect the value change. Using the event study methodology, the Cumulative Abnormal Return of companies’ share prices involved in shock events was calculated. Statistics show a best effect of an accommodative response than a defensive strategy in cases of scandals and product recalls. There is no valuable impact of company communication in cases of incidents. With news media variable, the results show a worsening effect with bad news and a mitigating effect with good news. It was proved that the impact of a response strategy is surpassed by news media. When there is absolute certainty of guilt for a given situation, it is more convenient for management to apologize, and when there is no certainty, there was no substantial difference, because in the mind of an investor the focus shifts to the event itself. The news media has been shown to have a huge impact on investor perception, even more so than a company’s best response strategy.

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Hixson, Eliza. "The impact of young people's participation in events." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 5, no. 3 (October 14, 2014): 198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-09-2013-0026.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the social impact that two events, the Adelaide Fringe Festival and the Clipsal 500, have on young residents (16-19 years old) of Adelaide. The purpose of this paper is to examine how young people participate in these events and how this affects their sense of involvement in the event and contributes to their identity development. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods approach was adopted in which focus groups and questionnaires were conducted with secondary school students. As an exploratory study, focus groups (n=24) were conducted in the first stage of the research. The results of the focus groups were used to develop a questionnaire that resulted in 226 useable responses. The final stage of the research explored one event in further depth in order to determine the influence of different participation levels. Findings – This study found that young people demonstrated more involvement in the Adelaide Fringe Festival and their identities were more influenced by this event. Further investigation of the Adelaide Fringe Festival also indicated that level of participation affects the social outcomes gained, with those participating to a greater degree achieving higher involvement and increased identity awareness. This is demonstrated through a model which aims to illustrate how an event impact an individual based on their role during the event. Originality/value – This paper applies two leisure concepts in order to analyse the impact of events. Activity involvement is a concept which examines the importance of the activity in the participant's life. Also of importance to young people is how activities contribute to their identities, especially because they are in a transitional period of their lives.

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Aronson, T. A., and S. Shukla. "Life events and relapse in bipolar disorder: The impact of a catastrophic event." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 75, no. 6 (June 1987): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02837.x.

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Dissanayake, P., J. Brown, and H. Karunarathna. "Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 9, 2015): 1533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1533-2015.

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Abstract. Impacts of storm chronology within a storm cluster on beach/dune erosion are investigated by applying the state-of-the-art numerical model XBeach to the Sefton coast, northwest England. Six temporal storm clusters of different storm chronologies were formulated using three storms observed during the 2013/2014 winter. The storm power values of these three events nearly halve from the first to second event and from the second to third event. Cross-shore profile evolution was simulated in response to the tide, surge and wave forcing during these storms. The model was first calibrated against the available post-storm survey profiles. Cumulative impacts of beach/dune erosion during each storm cluster were simulated by using the post-storm profile of an event as the pre-storm profile for each subsequent event. For the largest event the water levels caused noticeable retreat of the dune toe due to the high water elevation. For the other events the greatest evolution occurs over the bar formations (erosion) and within the corresponding troughs (deposition) of the upper-beach profile. The sequence of events impacting the size of this ridge–runnel feature is important as it consequently changes the resilience of the system to the most extreme event that causes dune retreat. The highest erosion during each single storm event was always observed when that storm initialised the storm cluster. The most severe storm always resulted in the most erosion during each cluster, no matter when it occurred within the chronology, although the erosion volume due to this storm was reduced when it was not the primary event. The greatest cumulative cluster erosion occurred with increasing storm severity; however, the variability in cumulative cluster impact over a beach/dune cross section due to storm chronology is minimal. Initial storm impact can act to enhance or reduce the system resilience to subsequent impact, but overall the cumulative impact is controlled by the magnitude and number of the storms. This model application provides inter-survey information about morphological response to repeated storm impact. This will inform local managers of the potential beach response and dune vulnerability to variable storm configurations.

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Dissanayake, P., J. Brown, and H. Karunarathna. "Impacts of storm chronology on the morphological changes of the Formby beach and dune system, UK." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 2565–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-2565-2015.

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Abstract. Impacts of storm chronology within a storm cluster on beach/dune erosion are investigated by applying the state-of-the-art numerical model XBeach to the Sefton coast, northwest England. Six temporal storm clusters of different storm chronologies were formulated using three storms observed during the 2013/14 winter. The storm power values of these three events nearly halve from the first to second event and from the second to third event. Cross-shore profile evolution was simulated in response to the tide, surge and wave forcing during these storms. The model was first calibrated against the available post-storm survey profiles. Cumulative impacts of beach/dune erosion during each storm cluster were simulated by using the post-storm profile of an event as the pre-storm profile for each subsequent event. For the largest event the water levels caused noticeable retreat of the dune toe due to the high water elevation. For the other events the greatest evolution occurs over the bar formations (erosion) and within the corresponding troughs (deposition) of the upper beach profile. The sequence of events impacting the size of this ridge-runnel feature is important as it consequently changes the resilience of the system to the most extreme event that causes dune retreat. The highest erosion during each single storm event was always observed when that storm initialised the storm cluster. The most severe storm always resulted in the most erosion during each cluster, no matter when it occurred within the chronology, although the erosion volume due to this storm was reduced when it was not the primary event. The greatest cumulative cluster erosion occurred with increasing storm severity; however, the variability in cumulative cluster impact over a beach/dune cross-section due to storm chronology is minimal. Initial storm impact can act to enhance or reduce the system resilience to subsequent impact, but overall the cumulative impact is controlled by the magnitude and number of the storms. This model application provides inter-survey information about morphological response to repeated storm impact. This will inform local managers of the potential beach response and dune vulnerability to variable storm configurations.

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Nufer, Gerd. "Event Marketing and Attitude Changes." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 1, no. 3 (2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.13.3004.

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The most important objective of event marketing is to improve the image of a brand or a company. The paper presents an image transfer model for event marketing. Based on current research, an image transfer model for event marketing is developed and the conditions required for an image transfer to take place from an event to a brand or a company are explained. Depending on which conditions are met, there are different consequences with regard to the image transfer from the event to the brand or company that are structured and characterized in detail. The image transfer model is developed against the backdrop of selected event types often used in actual practice. The focus of its application lies mainly in brand-oriented leisure and infotainment events directed towards external target groups. The model provides a discussion and analysis of the impact category of the image transfer in event marketing. The paper explains that the possibility of an attitude change is given within the context of event marketing. The presented model serves to structure the image transfer in event marketing. It is intended to illustrate the steps that are involved in the emergence of an image transfer as well as the resulting alternative consequences.

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Abbas, Jauhar, Hammad Hassan Mirza, Haroon Hussain, Rana Yassir Hussain, Muhammad Saad, and Masud Akhtar. "Stock Market Reaction towards Terrorism: An Evidence Based on Seasonal Variation in Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 3, no. 3 (December 24, 2021): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei3032106.

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This study examined whether the impact of terrorism events on the stock market varies based on seasonal anomalies (i.e., spring, summer, autumn, and winter). For this purpose, this study selected and obtained the data of 344 terrorist events that occurred in Pakistan and daily closing index price data of KSE 100 for the period ranging from 2008 to 2017. To fulfil the study's objective, this study applies the event day analysis by using five days window (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2) by employing the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. The findings of this study shows that there is no significant impact of terrorist events on stock returns in Pakistan on pre-event day 2 and event day. However, terrorism events have a significant positive impact on stock returns on pre-event day 1 and post-event day 1. On the contrary, stock returns on post-event day 2 showed a significant positive but in negative direction. In addition, this study also found that stock market returns vary significantly based on seasonal anomalies. However, it is also revealed that the impact of terrorism (event day) on the stock market’s returns does not significantly vary during all seasons in Pakistan except autumn and similarly, the impact of terrorism (post-event day 1) on the stock market’s returns does not significantly vary during said weather seasons in Pakistan. Furthermore, the positive impact of terrorism (during post-event day 2) upon the stock market’s returns significantly differs during weather seasons of spring, summer, and autumn in Pakistan. As per the results, this study suggests that the investor should invest on event day and resell/ withdraw his investment on post-event day 1 in order to earn higher profit.

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Echeta, Dr. "Impact of Event Tourism on Lagos Residents Image." Journal of Social Responsibility,Tourism and Hospitality, no. 23 (May 28, 2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jsrth.23.32.41.

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This research work is on the impact of Event Tourism on Lagos Residents image.Event Tourism is a process of traveling to witness an event being celebrated at a specific geographical area's. Residents image are how people look at a group of people based on their lifestyle. Problem of study was identified by many author's who suggested that Event Tourism can lead to people leaving there place of residence to another residence thereby observing how they behave rather than hearsay.The general objective investigated the Impact of Event Tourism on residence.The data was gathered through the use of questionnaire and findings revealed that Event Tourism have a significant relationship with residence behaviors and that leads to positive image created.The researchers concludes that no community could create higher image without Event Tourism attraction. Thereby recommend that other communities should adopt Event celebration methods as a way of creating higher image about them.

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Alegret, Laia, Ignacio Arenillas, José Antonio Arz, and Eustoquio Molina. "Environmental changes triggered by the K/T impact event at Coxquihui (Mexico) based on foraminifera." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2002, no. 5 (April 25, 2002): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2002/2002/295.

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