Статті в журналах: "Event measurement"

1

Preuss, Holger. "Event legacy framework and measurement." International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 11, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2018.1490336.

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2

Biaett, Vern, and Greg Richards. "Event experiences: measurement and meaning." Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2020.1820146.

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3

Hauptman, John, N. Akchurin, F. Bedeschi, A. Cardini, R. Carosi, G. Ciapetti, R. Ferrari, et al. "Measurement of the neutron fraction event-by-event in DREAM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 293 (April 1, 2011): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/293/1/012080.

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4

Mueller, Carol. "Media Measurement Models of Protest Event Data." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 2, no. 2 (September 1, 1997): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.2.2.n043476m01q7463u.

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Growing interest in quantitative studies of social movements and protest cycles attests to the vigor of protest event analysis as a strategy for investigating the protopolitical processes of collective claimsmaking in democratic states and emerging democracies. Increasing investments in protest events research has also led to growing concern about sources of measurement error that stem from reliance on media data sources. Using Blalock's conception of auxiliary measurement models, this article traces two alternative treatments of measurement bias in the literature on events analysis. The two approaches, characterized here as "media theory" and "representational," differ in the degree to which they accept media data as an adequate representation of protest event reality. Recent work that attempts to establish empirically the relationship between media data and alternative data sources on protest events promises an empirical base for examining the assumption of stable media bias that underlies representational approaches. Finally, the conclusions suggest some weaknesses in the empirical base for theorizing from media-based event analyses.

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5

Zámečníková, Eva, and Jitka Kreslíková. "Performance Measurement of Complex Event Platforms." Journal of information and organizational sciences 40, no. 2 (December 9, 2016): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31341/jios.40.2.5.

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The aim of this paper is to find and compare existing solutions of complex event processing platforms (CEP). CEP platforms generally serve for processing and/or predicting of high frequency data. We intend to use CEP platform for processing of complex time series and integrate a solution for newly proposed method of decision making. The decision making process will be described by formal grammar. As there are lots of CEP solutions we will take the following characteristics under consideration - the processing in real time, possibility of processing of high volume data from multiple sources, platform independence, platform allowing integration with user solution and open license. At first we will talk about existing CEP tools and their specific way of use in praxis. Then we will mention the design of method for formalization of business rules used for decision making. Afterwards, we focus on two platforms which seem to be the best fit for integration of our solution and we will list the main pros and cons of each approach. Next part is devoted to benchmark platforms for CEP. Final part is devoted to experimental measurements of platform with integrated method for decision support.

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6

Hiser, Elizabeth, and Phillip Snider. "Cholesterol Measurement Following a Cardiac Event." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 14, no. 6 (November 1994): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199411000-00001.

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7

Simasathiansophon, Nalin. "Running event quality: conceptualization and measurement scale." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 11017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124411017.

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This paper aims to develop event quality measurement scale in running event context. This particular type of track event became more popular in many countries in recent years. The Big Five destinations of running events: Berlin, Boston, Chicago, London, and New York are among those final destinations of runners around the world. To attract these runners, quality of the event would be the key success factor. For this paper, the measurement scale has been divided into three dimensions: physical environment, staff attitude and experience of runner after participating in the running event. Samples has been selected using, first, cluster sampling method according to the running event organized in Bangkok during March 2019. The Ultra Park Run Thailand 100 was selected due to the number of participants, approximately 5,000 runners, and it was the only big running event during that time. Second, 109 runners who participated in running events has been selected using simple random sampling method. There are 18 items for this measurement scale. The result of exploratory factor analysis illustrated that all items have factor loading more than 0.4 exempt one item, st-att5 has factor loading close to 0.4 with communalities is 0.268, thus it is deleted during this stage. Furthermore, result of reliability coefficient test shows that all dimensions have Cronbach’s a higher than 0.7. The alpha coefficient for physical environment dimension was 0.868, staff attitude was 0.821, and experience was 0.771. Therefore, all items are correlate to each other and it is sufficient to explain the running event quality construct.

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8

Gao, Zeren, Yong Su, and Qingchuan Zhang. "Single-event-camera-based 3D trajectory measurement method for high-speed moving targets." Chinese Optics Letters 20, no. 6 (2022): 061101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202220.061101.

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9

Nakamuraa, T. "Measurement of event-by-event fluctuations and order parameters in PHENIX." Nuclear Physics A 774 (August 2006): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.06.101.

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10

Sovilj, Platon, Vanja Kovic, Miklos Biro, Marin Radak, and Zoran Mitrovic. "Measurement of event-related potentials and placebo." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 11, no. 2 (2014): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee131226024s.

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ERP is common abbreviation for event-related brain potentials, which are measured and used in clinical practice as well as in research practice. Contemporary studies of placebo effect are often based on functional neuromagnetic resonance (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and event related potentials (ERP). This paper considers an ERP instrumentation system used in experimental researches of placebo effect. This instrumentation system can be divided into four modules: electrodes and cables, conditioning module, digital measurement module, and PC module for stimulations, presentations, acquisition and data processing. The experimental oddball paradigm is supported by the software of the instrumentation.

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11

Lockwood, Larry J., and K. Rao Kadiyala. "Risk Measurement for Event-Dependent Security Returns." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391416.

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12

Lockwood, Larry J., and K. Rao Kadiyala. "Risk Measurement for Event-Dependent Security Returns." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 6, no. 1 (January 1988): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1988.10509635.

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13

Deng, Claire Qian, Mimi Li, and Han Shen. "Developing A Measurement Scale for Event Image." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 39, no. 2 (January 10, 2013): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348012471378.

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14

Dotson, Allen C. "Quantum‐theoretic definitions of the measurement event." American Journal of Physics 57, no. 8 (August 1989): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.15910.

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15

Hylton, Kathy W., Parker Mitchell, Blake Van Hoy, and Thomas P. Karnowski. "Experiments and Analysis for Measuring Mechanical Motion with Event Cameras." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 6 (January 18, 2021): 333–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.6.iriacv-333.

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Event cameras—which detect pixelized, spatiotemporal changes asynchronously as opposed to frame-based triggered cameras—are commercially available and the topic of considerable research recently for computer vision and robotics applications. We hypothesize that these novel devices can be of utility in understanding mechanical motion by performing functions similar to high speed cameras, but with reduced bandwidth and simpler processing. To test this hypothesis, we applied multiple measurement modalities to a simple high-speed mechanical tool, including accelerometer, acoustic, and event-camera images. We also explore the utility of onboard inertial measurement units which are often integrated into these devices. Our analysis shows that these measurements are possible and consistent across modalities, possibly leading to novel new architectures for image and sensor based measurements.

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16

Bauer, Lucie, Insa E. Emrich, John W. Pickering, Kathrin Untersteller, Franziska Sandermann, Kyrill S. Rogacev, Sarah Seiler-Mussler, Danilo Fliser, and Gunnar H. Heine. "Best Albuminuria Measurement to Predict Cardiovascular and Renal Events." American Journal of Nephrology 43, no. 5 (2016): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446483.

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Background: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines encourage clinicians to estimate 24-hour albuminuria as albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) from spot urine samples. However, ACR underestimates 24-hour albumin excretion in muscular individuals. Equations that adjust ACR for surrogates of muscle mass to yield an estimated albumin excretion rate (eAER) were developed. We hypothesised that eAER is a better predictor of cardiovascular and renal outcomes than ACR. Methods: We determined ACR and eAER among 443 patients with chronic kidney disease G2-G4 recruited into the CARE FOR HOMe study. Patients were classified into KDIGO albuminuria categories, and followed for cardiovascular and renal events. The primary analysis was the net reclassification improvement (NRI) for those with and without events within 3 years of follow-up. Results: Eighty five patients experienced cardiovascular events during 3 years of follow-up, 13 of whom were reclassified to a more advanced albuminuria category, and 1 patient to a less advanced category by eAER compared to ACR (NRIevent: 14.1% (95% CI 5.8-22.4)). Among 358 patients without a cardiovascular event, 17 patients were reclassified to a more advanced albuminuria category, and 2 patients to a less advanced category by eAER (NRIno event: -4.2%, 95% CI -8.5 to -1.8). Sixty patients went through renal events, and 383 patients had event-free 3-year follow-up. NRIevent was 6.7% (95% CI -1.2 to 14.5), and NRIno event was -6.0% (95% CI -10.6 to 3.4) for renal events. Conclusion: Compared to ACR albuminuria categories, eAER categories are better associated with future cardiovascular events, but not with renal events.

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17

Liu, Zhengfa, Guang Chen, Ya Wu, Jiatong Du, Jörg Conradt, and Alois Knoll. "Mixed Event-Frame Vision System for Daytime Preceding Vehicle Taillight Signal Measurement Using Event-Based Neuromorphic Vision Sensor." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2673191.

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An important aspect of the perception system for intelligent vehicles is the detection and signal measurement of vehicle taillights. In this work, we present a novel vision-based measurement (VBM) system, using an event-based neuromorphic vision sensor, which is able to detect and measure the vehicle taillight signal robustly. To the best of our knowledge, it is for the first time the neuromorphic vision sensor is paid attention to for utilizing in the field of vehicle taillight signal measurement. The event-based neuromorphic vision sensor is a bioinspired sensor that records pixel-level intensity changes, called events, as well as the whole picture of the scene. The events naturally respond to illumination changes (such as the ON and OFF state of taillights) in the scene with very low latency. Moreover, the property of a higher dynamic range increases the sensor sensitivity and performance in poor lighting conditions. In this paper, we consider an event-driven solution to measure vehicle taillight signals. In contrast to most existing work that relies purely on standard frame-based cameras for the taillight signal measurement, the presented mixed event/frame system extracts the frequency domain features from the spatial and temporal signal of each taillight region and measures the taillight signal by combining the active-pixel sensor (APS) frames and dynamic vision sensor (DVS) events. A thresholding algorithm and a learned classifier are proposed to jointly achieve the brake-light and turn-light signal measurement. Experiments with real traffic scenes demonstrate the performance of measuring taillight signals under different traffic conditions with a single event-based neuromorphic vision sensor. The results show the high potential of the event-based neuromorphic vision sensor being used for optical signal measurement applications, especially in dynamic environments.

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18

Azevedo, George Oliveira de Araújo, Bruno José Torres Fernandes, Leandro Honorato de Souza Silva, Agostinho Freire, Rogério Pontes de Araújo, and Francisco Cruz. "Event-Based Angular Speed Measurement and Movement Monitoring." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 7963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207963.

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Computer vision techniques can monitor the rotational speed of rotating equipment or machines to understand their working conditions and prevent failures. Such techniques are highly precise, contactless, and potentially suitable for applications without massive setup changes. However, traditional vision sensors collect a significant amount of data to process and measure the rotation of high-speed systems, and they are susceptible to motion blur. This work proposes a new method for measuring rotational speed processing event-based data applied to high-speed systems using a neuromorphic sensor. This sensor produces event-based data and is designed to work with high temporal resolution and high dynamic range. The main advantages of the Event-based Angular Speed Measurement (EB-ASM) method are the high dynamic range, the absence of motion blurring, and the possibility of measuring multiple rotations simultaneously with a single device. The proposed method uses the time difference between spikes in a Kernel or Window selected in the sensor frame range. It is evaluated in two experimental scenarios by measuring a fan rotational speed and a Router Computer Numerical Control (CNC) spindle. The results compare measurements with a calibrated digital photo-tachometer. Based on the performed tests, the EB-ASM can measure the rotational speed with a mean absolute error of less than 0.2% for both scenarios.

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19

KAWASAKI, Tomohiro, and Minori SHIROTA. "Liquid Viscosity Measurement Through a Drop Impact Event." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW 32, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3811/jjmf.32.116.

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20

Liu, Qinyuan, Zidong Wang, Xiao He, and D. H. Zhou. "Event-Based Distributed Filtering With Stochastic Measurement Fading." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 11, no. 6 (December 2015): 1643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2015.2444355.

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21

Hemalatha, M., and V. J. Sivakumar. "Retail event satisfaction measurement model: an Indian context." International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 2, no. 6 (2009): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2009.027182.

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22

Pan, Yanhui, Ming Li, Dongxin Wu, and Bo Gao. "Measurement and Control Event Planning for Formation Satellites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 740 (March 17, 2020): 012198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/740/1/012198.

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23

Preisig, Heinz A., and Sebastian Roll. "Self-calibrating, event-driven flow control and measurement." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 15 (2012): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120710-4-sg-2026.00015.

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24

Ryan, Chris. "Report: Event impact measurement in Auckland, New Zealand." Tourism Economics 2, no. 2 (June 1996): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669600200207.

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25

Kaldmäe, Arvo, Ülle Kotta, Alexey Shumsky, and Alexey Zhirabok. "Measurement feedback disturbance decoupling in discrete-event systems." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 25, no. 17 (October 23, 2014): 3330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.3265.

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26

Buskulic, D., I. De Bonis, D. Decamp, P. Ghez, C. Goy, J. P. Lees, M. N. Minard, et al. "Measurement of the ratio using event shape variables." Physics Letters B 313, no. 3-4 (September 1993): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90029-h.

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27

Ruuskanen, T. M., M. Kaasik, P. P. Aalto, U. Hõrrak, M. Vana, M. Mårtensson, Y. J. Yoon, et al. "Concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles during the LAPBIAT measurement campaign in Värriö field station." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 709–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-709-2007.

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Abstract. The LAPBIAT measurement campaign took place in the SMEAR I measurement station located in Eastern Lapland in the spring of 2003 between 26 April and 11 May. In this paper we describe the measurement campaign, concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles, air ions and trace gases, paying special attention to an aerosol particle formation event broken by a polluted air mass approaching from industrial areas of Kola Peninsula, Russia. Aerosol particle number flux measurements show strong downward fluxes during that time. Concentrations of coarse aerosol particles were high for 1–2 days before the nucleation event (i.e. 28–29 April), very low immediately before and during the observed aerosol particle formation event (30 April) and increased moderately from the moment of sudden break of the event. In general particle deposition measurements based on snow samples show the same changes. Measurements of the mobility distribution of air ions showed elevated concentrations of intermediate air ions during the particle formation event. We estimated the growth rates in the nucleation mode size range. For particles <10 nm, the growth rate increases with size on 30 April. Dispersion modelling made with model SILAM support the conclusion that the nucleation event was interrupted by an outbreak of sulphate-rich air mass in the evening of 30 April that originated from the industry at Kola Peninsula, Russia. The results of this campaign highlight the need for detailed research in atmospheric transport of air constituents for understanding the aerosol dynamics.

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28

Nigbor, Robert L. "Six-degree-of-freedom ground-motion measurement." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 1665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0840051665.

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Abstract True six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) measurement of free-field strong ground motion has been accomplished using a prototype 6DOF accelerograph system. This system consists of a traditional triaxial translational accelerometer, three new rotational velocity sensors, and a digital data logger. Rotational and translational ground motions at a single free-field location were measured successfully during the recent NPE event, a very large (1 kton) chemical explosion. Peak vertical acceleration at the near-field measurement site exceeded 1g for this event; the peak measured rotational velocity was 2.2°/sec. Earthquake strong-ground-motion measurements are currently in progress.

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29

Ruuskanen, T. M., M. Kaasik, P. P. Aalto, U. Hõrrak, M. Vana, M. Mårtensson, Y. J. Yoon, et al. "Concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles during the LAPBIAT measurement campaign at Värriö field station." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 14 (July 16, 2007): 3683–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3683-2007.

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Abstract. The LAPBIAT measurement campaign took place in the Värriö SMEAR I measurement station located in Eastern Lapland in the spring of 2003 between 26 April and 11 May. In this paper we describe the measurement campaign, concentrations and fluxes of aerosol particles, air ions and trace gases, paying special attention to an aerosol particle formation event broken by a air mass change from a clean Arctic air mass with new particle formation to polluted one approaching from industrial areas of Kola Peninsula, Russia, lacking new particle formation. Aerosol particle number flux measurements show strong downward fluxes during that time. Concentrations of coarse aerosol particles were high for 1–2 days before the nucleation event (i.e. 28–29 April), very low immediately before and during the observed aerosol particle formation event (30 April) and increased moderately from the moment of sudden break of the event. In general particle deposition measurements based on snow samples show the same changes. Measurements of the mobility distribution of air ions showed elevated concentrations of intermediate air ions during the particle formation event. We estimated the growth rates in the nucleation mode size range. For particles <10 nm, the growth rate increases with size on 30 April. Dispersion modelling made with model SILAM support the conclusion that the nucleation event was interrupted by an outbreak of sulphate-rich air mass in the evening of 30 April that originated from the industry at Kola Peninsula, Russia. The results of this campaign highlight the need for detailed research in atmospheric transport of air constituents for understanding the aerosol dynamics.

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30

Eerdekens, G., N. Yassaa, V. Sinha, P. P. Aalto, V. Fiedler, H. Aufmhoff, F. Arnold, M. Kulmala, and J. Williams. "VOC measurements within a boreal forest during spring 2005: the role of monoterpenes and sulphuric acid in selected intense nucleation events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (June 4, 2009): 12781–827. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-12781-2009.

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Abstract. In this study we present measurements of selected trace gases and aerosol made in a boreal forest during the BACCI-QUEST IV intensive field campaign in Hyytiälä, Finland in April 2005. Several clear aerosol "nucleation events" were observed and characterized. One type of "event" occurred synchronously with huge increases in monoterpenes, while a second event type correlated instead with sulphuric acid. Here we elucidate the origin of these two distinct forms of aerosol production at the Hyytiälä site using the measurement data, airmass back trajectories and the optical stereoisomery of monoterpenes.

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31

Fu, Yuguang, Tu Hoang, Kirill Mechitov, Jong Kim, Dichuan Zhang, and Billie Spencer. "Sudden Event Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure Using Demand-Based Wireless Smart Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124480.

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Wireless smart sensors (WSS) have been proposed as an effective means to reduce the high cost of wired structural health monitoring systems. However, many damage scenarios for civil infrastructure involve sudden events, such as strong earthquakes, which can result in damage or even failure in a matter of seconds. Wireless monitoring systems typically employ duty cycling to reduce power consumption; hence, they will miss such events if they are in power-saving sleep mode when the events occur. This paper develops a demand-based WSS to meet the requirements of sudden event monitoring with minimal power budget and low response latency, without sacrificing high-fidelity measurements or risking a loss of critical information. In the proposed WSS, a programmable event-based switch is implemented utilizing a low-power trigger accelerometer; the switch is integrated in a high-fidelity sensor platform. Particularly, the approach can rapidly turn on the WSS upon the occurrence of a sudden event and seamlessly transition from low-power acceleration measurement to high-fidelity data acquisition. The capabilities of the proposed WSS are validated through laboratory and field experiments. The results show that the proposed approach is able to capture the occurrence of sudden events and provide high-fidelity data for structural condition assessment in an efficient manner.

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32

Kaplanidou, Kyriaki, and Christine Vogt. "The Meaning and Measurement of a Sport Event Experience Among Active Sport Tourists." Journal of Sport Management 24, no. 5 (September 2010): 544–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.24.5.544.

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Destinations use sport events to attract participants and spectators, who then hold perceptions of both the sport event and destination. This research aimed to a) understand how active sport tourists perceive the meaning of a sport event experience and b) develop a scale for that meaning. Both aims are studied in a post trip context as evaluative research. Two focus groups were used to understand the meaning of the sport event experience among active sport tourists. Results from the focus groups suggest participants attribute meanings related to organizational, environmental, physical, social, and emotional aspects of the sport event experience. Next, semantic differential items were developed to measure the meaning of a sport event experience in the post trip phase. The items were tested with two different sport event participant samples using surveys. A uni-dimensionsal scale of 11 semantic differential items emerged. These items provide a measure for the evaluative meaning of a sport event experience.

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33

ALVER, BURAK. "A METHOD FOR MEASURING ELLIPTIC FLOW FLUCTUATIONS WITH THE PHOBOS DETECTOR." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 1852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007106.

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We have performed the first measurement of elliptic flow (v2) fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In this paper, we describe the analysis method we have developed for this measurement. In this method, v2 is determined event-by-event by a maximum likelihood fit. The non-statistical fluctuations are determined by unfolding the contribution of statistical fluctuations and detector effects using Monte Carlo simulations. Application of this method to measure dynamical fluctuations in events from a different Monte Carlo event generator is presented.

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34

Cordes, Anne K., and Roger J. Ingham. "The Reliability of Observational Data." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (April 1994): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.279.

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Much attention has been directed recently toward the problem of measuring occurrences of stuttering with satisfactory levels of interjudge agreement. This paper reviews the prominent concepts of the stuttering event, arguing that they may be one cause of the stuttering measurement problem. The evidence that has led to concerns about the reliability of stuttering event measurements is also reviewed. Reliability and measurement issues that were discussed in the first paper of this series (Cordes, 1994) emerge as basic to the interpretation of much stuttering research, and it is argued that the stuttering measurement problem is not confined to research on stuttering judgments but actually permeates other important stuttering research areas. Some recent attempts to resolve the stuttering measurement problem are reviewed, and the implications of developing an improved measurement system for this disorder are discussed.

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35

Jorgeson, Ian A., Ryan P. Breslawski, and Abigail E. Fisher. "Radiocarbon simulation fails to support the temporal synchroneity requirement of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis." Quaternary Research 96 (February 13, 2020): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.83.

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AbstractFine-scale temporal processes, such as the synchronous deposition of organic materials, can be challenging to identify using 14C datasets. While some events, such as volcanic eruptions, leave clear evidence for synchronous deposition, synchroneity is more difficult to establish for other types of events. This has been a source of controversy regarding 14C dates associated with a hypothesized extraterrestrial impact at the Younger Dryas Boundary (YDB). To address this controversy, we first aggregate 14C measurements from Northern Hemisphere YDB sites. We also aggregate 14C measurements associated with a known synchronous event, the Laacher See volcanic eruption. We then use a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the magnitude of variability expected in a 14C dataset associated with a synchronous event. The simulation accounts for measurement error, calibration uncertainty, “old wood” effects, and laboratory measurement biases. The Laacher See 14C dataset is consistent with expectations of synchroneity generated by the simulation. However, the YDB 14C dataset is inconsistent with the simulated expectations for synchroneity. These results suggest that a central requirement of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis, synchronous global deposition of a YDB layer, is extremely unlikely, calling into question the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis more generally.

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36

Jokinen, Tuija, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Roseline Cutting Thakur, Ilona Ylivinkka, Kimmo Neitola, Nina Sarnela, Totti Laitinen, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, and Mikko Sipilä. "Measurement report: Long-term measurements of aerosol precursor concentrations in the Finnish subarctic boreal forest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 2237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2237-2022.

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Abstract. Aerosol particles form in the atmosphere via the clustering of certain atmospheric vapors. After growing into larger particles by the condensation of low-volatility gases, they can affect the Earth's climate by scattering light and acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Observations of low-volatility aerosol precursor gases have been reported around the world, but longer-term measurement series and any Arctic data sets showing seasonal variation are close to nonexistent. Here, we present ∼7 months of aerosol precursor gas measurements performed with a nitrate-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. We deployed our measurements ∼150 km north of the Arctic Circle at the SMEAR I (Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) continental Finnish subarctic field station, located in the Värriö strict nature reserve. We report concentration measurements of the most common compounds related to new particle formation (NPF): sulfuric acid (SA), methane sulfonic acid (MSA), iodic acid (IA) and the total concentration of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs). At this remote measurement site, SA originates from both anthropogenic and biological sources and has a clear diurnal cycle but no significant seasonal variation. MSA shows a more distinct seasonal cycle, with concentrations peaking in the summer. Of the measured compounds, IA concentrations are the most stable throughout the measurement period, except in April during which time the concentration of IA is significantly higher than during the rest of the year. Otherwise, IA has almost identical daily maximum concentrations in spring, summer and autumn, and on NPF event or non-event days. HOMs are abundant during the summer months and low in the autumn months. Due to their low autumn concentrations and high correlation with ambient air temperature, we suggest that most HOMs are products of biogenic emissions, most probably monoterpene oxidation products. NPF events at SMEAR I happen under relatively low-temperature (1–8 ∘C) conditions, with a fast temperature rise in the early morning hours as well as lower and decreasing relative humidity (RH, 55 % vs. 80 %) during NPF days compared with non-event days. NPF days have clearly higher global irradiance values (∼450 m−2 vs. ∼200 m−2) and about 10 ppbv higher ozone concentrations than non-event days. During NPF days, we have, on average, higher SA concentrations, peaking at noon; higher MSA concentrations in the afternoon; and slightly higher IA concentration than during non-event days. In summary, these are the first long-term measurements of aerosol-forming vapors from SMEAR I in the subarctic region, and the results of this work will help develop an understanding of atmospheric chemical processes and aerosol formation in the rapidly changing Arctic.

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37

Thoma, Eben, Ingrid George, Rachelle Duvall, Tai Wu, Donald Whitaker, Karen Oliver, Shaibal Mukerjee, et al. "Rubbertown Next Generation Emissions Measurement Demonstration Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 8, 2019): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112041.

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Industrial facilities and other sources can emit air pollutants from fugitive leaks, process malfunctions and area sources that can be difficult to understand and to manage. Next generation emissions measurement (NGEM) approaches executed near facilities are enabling new ways to assess these sources and their impacts to nearby populations. This paper describes complementary uses of emerging NGEM systems in a Louisville, KY industrial district (Rubbertown), focusing on an important area air toxic, 1,3-butadiene. Over a one-year deployment starting in September 2017, two-week average passive samplers (PSs) at 11 sites showed both geospatial and temporal trends. At 0.24 ppbv annual average 1,3-butadiene concentration, a group of PSs located near facility fence lines was elevated compared to a PS group located in the community and upwind from facilities (0.07 ppbv average). Two elevated PS periods capturing emission events were examined using time-resolved NGEM approaches as case studies. In one event a 1.18 ppbv PS reading was found to be relatively localized and was caused by a multiday emission from a yet to be identified, non-facility source. In the other event, the airshed was more broadly impacted with PS concentrations ranging from 0.71 ppbv for the near-facility group to 0.46 ppbv for the community group. This case was likely influenced by a known emission event at an industrial facility. For both case studies, air pollutant and wind data from prototype NGEM systems were combined with source location models to inform the emission events. This research illustrates the power of applying NGEM approaches to improve both the understanding of emissions near sources and knowledge of impacts to near-source communities.

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38

Rai, Shivam, and Jogendra Kumar Nayak. "The Essence and Measurement of Trade Show Event Experiences." Event Management 24, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599519x15506259856084.

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Trade shows have been seen as the key drivers of the economic and tourism growth. Experiences are the core of any trade show. However, research on trade shows are primarily concerned with trade show performance, leaving experiences as an unexplored subject. The purpose of this study is to understand the essence of experiences and development of a trade show experience scale. This exploratory study was carried out in three phases: identifying the domain of construct and generation of items, item selection, and scale purification. A 21-item scale comprised of five dimensions associated with experience (affective association, cognitive association, unique association, physical association, and well-being association) emerged. Marketers should focus on high-end participant's experiences. Existing experiential practices in the trade show industry can be improved by using the two new dimensions found in the study (well-being associations and unique associations). This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring new experiential attributes (unique and well-being associations). Findings suggest that participants do not see trade shows merely as a business event to fulfill their meaningful objectives, but also as a platform that addresses their hedonic well-being. Future research should be done to complement the findings with a heterogeneous population sample. This research has conceptualized and developed a trade show experience scale comprising of five unique dimensions that are yet to be explored in trade show context. The findings of the study provide a measure for the meaningful evaluation of a trade show event experience. Trade show organizers may use the study outcomes to enhance the effectiveness of events.

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39

Zhou, Tianwei, Guanghui Yue, and Ben Niu. "Quantization level based event-triggered control with measurement uncertainties." Information Sciences 588 (April 2022): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2021.12.099.

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40

Mohror, Kathryn, and Karen L. Karavanic. "Scalable event-based performance measurement in high-end environments." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 35, no. 3 (December 2007): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1328690.1328718.

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41

Abe, K., I. Abt, C. J. Ahn, T. Akagi, W. W. Ash, D. Aston, N. Bacchetta та ін. "Measurement ofαs(MZ2) from hadronic event observables at theZ0resonance". Physical Review D 51, № 3 (1 лютого 1995): 962–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.51.962.

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42

Preuss, Holger. "The Conceptualisation and Measurement of Mega Sport Event Legacies." Journal of Sport & Tourism 12, no. 3-4 (November 2007): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14775080701736957.

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43

Jia, Lixiu, Yan Tu, Lili Wang, Xuefei Zhong, and Ying Wang. "Study of image quality using event-related potentials measurement." Journal of Electronic Imaging 27, no. 03 (June 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jei.27.3.033046.

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44

Umetsu, Takeshi, Keita Tanaka, and Yoshinori Uchikawa. "Measurement Method of Event-related Potential using Attention Trigger." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 132, no. 10 (2012): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.132.362.

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45

Valente, Ana Rita S., Luis M. T. Jesus, Andreia Hall, and Margaret Leahy. "Event- and interval-based measurement of stuttering: a review." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 50, no. 1 (June 11, 2014): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12113.

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46

KAWANA, Takumi, Yuri YOSHIDA, and Norihisa MIKI. "The Measurement of Event-Related Potential with EEG-Hat." Proceedings of the Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology 2019.10 (2019): 19pm5PN350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemnm.2019.10.19pm5pn350.

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47

Fernandez, Rosemarie, Elizabeth D. Rosenman, Sarah Brolliar, Anne K. Chipman, Colleen Kalynych, Marie C. Vrablik, Joseph R. Keebler, and Elizabeth H. Lazzara. "An Event‐based Approach to Measurement: Facilitating Observational Measurement in Highly Variable Clinical Settings." AEM Education and Training 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aet2.10395.

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48

Aggarwal, M. M., A. L. S. Angelis, V. Antonenko, T. C. Awes, S. K. Badyal, C. Barlag, K. B. Bhalla, et al. "Event by event measurement of 〈pT〉 of photons in S + Au collisions at 200 A·GeV." Physics Letters B 404, no. 1-2 (July 1997): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(97)00567-4.

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49

McKinley, Richard L. "Revision of ANSI S12.7 methods for measurements of Impulse Noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015885.

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ANSI S12.7 Methods For Measurements Of Impulse Noise 1986 (R2006) applies to all kinds of impulsive noise, whether discrete event sources, such as quarry and mining explosions or sonic booms, or from multiple event sources such as pile drivers, riveting, nail guns, or rifle or gun firing. The working has been working on proposed changes to the measurement methods, especially high speed digital waveform recording techniques to improve the accuracy of capturing the peak of the waveform as well as the details of the structure. The presentation will describe the proposed changes to the measurement methods and measurement microphones as well as the applications of the revised standard once it is approved.

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50

TORABI, H., B. DAVVAZ, and J. BEHBOODIAN. "INCLUSIVENESS MEASUREMENT OF RANDOM EVENTS USING ROUGH SET THEORY." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 15, no. 04 (August 2007): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488507004807.

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In some probabilistic problems, complete information about the probability model may not exist. In this article, we obtain a lower and upper probability for an arbitrary event by using rough set theory and then a measurement for inclusiveness of events is introduced.

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