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Статті в журналах з теми "Experimentation culture":
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de Diego Ruiz, Patricia. "SARAH WILLIAMS GOLDHAGEN; RÉJEAN LEGAULT. ANXIOUS MODERNISMS: EXPERIMENTATION IN POSTWAR ARCHITECTURAL CULTURE." Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no. 27 (2022): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2022.i27.14.
Анотація:
Este libro recoge la investigación enfocada en los elementos discursivos de varios autores entorno a la reformulación de la modernidad ortodoxa que se produce tras la posguerra de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En un clima de inquietud, oportunidad y expectación de una sociedad de masas cambiante por el auge de la tecnología , surgen figuras relevantes como Cedric Price, Alison y Peter Smithson, Jaap Bakema en Europa o Paul Rudolph, y Bernard Rudosky en Norteamérica como voces críticas con potentes propuestas de reconducción disciplinar. Otros arquitectos como Richard Neutra o Eero Saarinen se alinean más claramente con el sistema pero abriendo nuevos campos de trabajo; mientras que movimientos coetáneos surgidos como el Neorrealismo italiano, la Internacional Situacionista o el Metabolismo japonés experimentan con arquitecturas intensamente focalizadas en cuestiones como el regionalismo, la movilidad o la infraestructura. Sara Williams Goldgahen y Réjean Legaul como editores, suplementan los estudios individuales contextualizando marcos generales comunes y aportando novedosas redefiniciones que permiten una interesante supralectura.
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Chatterton, Jean M. W., R. Evans, D. Ashburn, A. W. L. Joss, and D. O. Ho-Yen. "Toxoplasma gondii in vitro culture for experimentation." Journal of Microbiological Methods 51, no. 3 (November 2002): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(02)00101-x.
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Rubtsova, O. V. "Role experimentation asa part of contemporary teenage culture." Современная зарубежная психология 5, no. 2 (2016): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050203.
Анотація:
The article focuses on the phenomenon of role experimenting as an important component of contemporary adolescent culture. Main directions of foreign role theories are presented. Approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “role” in foreign and Russian psychology are discussed. An attempt is undertaken to analyze adolescent play as a possible form of role experimenting. Examples of psychological and educational research on various aspects of role experimenting as a means of development and socialization of contemporary adolescents are given
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Denning, Stephen. "Why a culture of experimentation requires management transformation." Strategy & Leadership 48, no. 4 (May 11, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-04-2020-0048.
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Goldsmith, S. J., M. A. Thomas, and C. Gries. "A New Technique for Photobiont Culturing and Manipulation." Lichenologist 29, no. 6 (November 1997): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0108.
Анотація:
AbstractComparisons of whole-lichen physiology to the respective photobionts have often been unclear due to inherent differences in isolated photobiont culturing techniques. The use of 13-mm-diameter cellulose-acetate discs allows photobiont cultures access to nutrient agar medium, while improving ease of manipulation and distinct separation from the agar. Adequate culture growth for experimentation is reached in approximately three weeks, a time comparable to standard nutrient agar and liquid cultures. These discs are then available for use in a variety of manipulative techniques. Chlorophyll determination of an entire algal disc culture is obtainable because the discs readily dissolve in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), with no interference in the 400–700 nm range. Photosynthesis and respiration may be measured with standard gas exchange equipment. Photobiont discs allow for fumigation in the gas phase with no increase in external ⊂pH reported to occur during gaseous fumigations in liquid media. The disc system is also useful for fluorescence studies. Trebouxia erici cultures exhibited a CO⊂2 gas exchange on a gram dry weight basis similar to whole lichen systems. The ease with which photobionts can be cultured and manipulated using this system allows for expanded experimentation and comparisons.
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Barner-Barry, Carol, Abbott Gleason, Peter Kenez, Richard Stites, Timothy W. Luke, and Yuri Glazov. "Bolshevik Culture: Experimentation and Order in the Russian Revolution." Political Psychology 8, no. 3 (September 1987): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3791045.
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Kingston, Mark. "Subversive Friendships: Foucault on Homosexuality and Social Experimentation." Foucault Studies, no. 7 (September 7, 2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/fs.v0i7.2634.
Анотація:
In some of his more obscure works, Michel Foucault characterises homosexual culture as being connected with an interesting practice of friendship. Since homosexual relationships cannot be derived from existing norms, they are inherently underdetermined, and this means that homosexual culture provides a space for the creation of new types of relationship. Inspired by this practice of social experimentation, Foucault puts forward a concept of friendship based on the collaborative creation of new relationships in marginal spaces. I argue that putting this concept of friendship into practice entails social activism in two ways: first, the creation of new relationships in marginal spaces constitutes a form of localised resistance to social normalisation, and second, because experimentation with relationships presents a challenge to the excessive normalisation of relationships on a societal scale. Friendship, for Foucault, is therefore a resource for both local resistance and large-scale social change. I also argue that Foucault's work on gay culture deserves more scholarly attention because it provides a supplement to his interpretation of the Enlightenment and forges a link between friendship and the aesthetics of existence.
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Anker, Suzanne. "Gene Culture: Molecular Metaphor in Visual Art." Leonardo 33, no. 5 (October 2000): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409400552856.
Анотація:
This paper addresses visual art's relationship to genetics and its attendant metaphorical representation. By diagramming models of the ways in which DNA is visualized and comprehended as a system of signs, parallel conceptions between art history's engagement with abstraction, recontextualization, and duplication is compared to genetic process and laboratory experimentation.
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Mannell, Kate, and Eden T. Smith. "Alternative Social Media and the Complexities of a More Participatory Culture: A View From Scuttlebutt." Social Media + Society 8, no. 3 (July 2022): 205630512211224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221122448.
Анотація:
Recent research has highlighted the emergence of “alternative social media” platforms. Developed by open source communities with non-commercial goals, these platforms can offer more expansive participatory cultures than corporate platforms. However, such platforms also involve new kinds of participatory challenges, such as requiring high technological literacy. This article examines the complexity of enacting participatory cultures by drawing on an ethnographic study of Scuttlebutt, a decentralized social media platform being developed by an open source community. This examination focuses on three key features of participatory culture as enacted on Scuttlebutt: varying modes and sites of participation; reflexivity about who is participating and how; and an evaluation of limits to participation. It also considers the challenges that arise from Scuttlebutt’s approach and how these highlight the profound difficulty of trying to enact fuller models of participatory culture. From these findings, we argue that Scuttlebutt provides an important example of the experimentation that alternative social media platforms are conducting around open, democratic modes of socio-technical organizing, and note that this experimentation raises important questions about how we conceptualize participation and the future of social media.
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Bauer, Magdalena, Magdalena Metzger, Marvin Corea, Barbara Schädl, Johannes Grillari, and Peter Dungel. "Novel 3D-Printed Cell Culture Inserts for Air–Liquid Interface Cell Culture." Life 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081216.
Анотація:
In skin research, widely used in vitro 2D monolayer models do not sufficiently mimic physiological properties. To replace, reduce, and refine animal experimentation in the spirit of ‘3Rs’, new approaches such as 3D skin equivalents (SE) are needed to close the in vitro/in vivo gap. Cell culture inserts to culture SE are commercially available, however, these inserts are expensive and of limited versatility regarding experimental settings. This study aimed to design novel cell culture inserts fabricated on commercially available 3D printers for the generation of full-thickness SE. A computer-aided design model was realized by extrusion-based 3D printing of polylactic acid filaments (PLA). Improvements in the design of the inserts for easier and more efficient handling were confirmed in cell culture experiments. Cytotoxic effects of the final product were excluded by testing the inserts in accordance with ISO-norm procedures. The final versions of the inserts were tested to generate skin-like 3D scaffolds cultured at an air–liquid interface. Stratification of the epidermal component was demonstrated by histological analyses. In conclusion, here we demonstrate a fast and cost-effective method for 3D-printed inserts suitable for the generation of 3D cell cultures. The system can be set-up with common 3D printers and allows high flexibility for generating customer-tailored cell culture plastics.
Дисертації з теми "Experimentation culture":
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Lumkwana, Dumisile. "Identifying appropriate attachment factors for isolated adult rat cardiomyocyte culture and experimentation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86479.
Анотація:
Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Primary culture of isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCMs) is an important model for cardiovascular research, but successful maintenance of these cells in culture for their use in experiments remains challenging (Xu et al, 2009; Louch et al, 2011). Most studies are done on acutely isolated cardiomyocytes immediately after isolation, which is due to low survival of these cells in culture. Obstacles in culture are due to the type of medium and attachment factors (tissue culture adhesives) used to culture and grow these cells. Although we previously identified an optimum medium and adhesive for culture, an adhesive that permits cells to remain attached to the culture surface until after an ischemia/reperfusion insult was elusive. Aims: We therefore aimed to identify the best attachment factor and concentration that will allow adult rat cardiomyocytes to remain attached to the culture surfaces after ischemia/reperfusion experiments. Methods: Cardiomyocytes were isolated from adult Wistar rat hearts and cultured overnight on different concentrations (25 -200 μg/ml) of collagen 1, collagen 4, extracellular matrix (ECM), laminin/entactin (L/E) and laminin. Following overnight cultures, experiments were done in PBS and in PBS versus MMXCB to compare ARCM attachment and viability. Cardiomyocytes cultured on ECM, L/E and L (25−200μg/ml) were subjected to 1 hour of simulated ischemia using MMXCB that contained 3mM SDT and 10mM 2DG, followed by 15 minutes reperfusion. Cell viability was determined by staining cells with JC-1 and images of cells in a field view of 1.17μm/mm2 were captured using fluorescence microscopy. The cells were analysed according to morphology and fluorescence intensity. Results: Total and rod-shaped ARCMs attachment was improved when MMXCB was used as an experimental buffer instead of PBS. Regardless of the buffer used, morphological viability was poor on substrates of Col 1 and Col 4. In contrast to collagens, ARCMs attached efficiently and morphological viability was high on substrates of ECM, L/E and L in MMXCB, but this was greatly reduced in PBS. Mitochondrial viability was high in MMXCB compared to PBS on Col 1 and Col 4 at 75−175μg/ml and on ECM, L/E and L at all concentrations, except at 50 and 150μg/ml ECM, 175μg/ml L/E and 25μg/ml L. When cardiomyocytes cultured on ECM, L/E and L were subjected to simulated ischemia, total ARCMs, rod-shaped and R/G fluorescence (mitochondrial viability) was reduced at all concentrations compared to the control group. Hypercontracted cells were higher in the ischemic treated cells compared to the controls on ECM at 75−150μg/ml and 200μg/ml, L/E at 50,100μg/ml and 175μg/ml and on L at 125μg/ml. Total numbers of ARCMs attached on ECM, L/E and L in the ischemic group consisted of similar numbers of non-viable hypercontracted and viable rod-shaped cells. Conclusion: Cardiomyocytes should be cultured on ECM or L/E or L at concentrations from 25−200μg/ml in MMXCB. PBS is harmful to cultured ARCMs and should thus not be used as an experimental buffer. Ischemia/reperfusion can be simulated on ARCMs cultured on ECM, L/E or L from 25−200μg/ml, provided that a modified culture buffer is used as experimental buffer.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Primêre selkulture van geïsoleerde volwasse rot kardiomiosiete (VRKMe) is ‘n belangrike model vir kardiovaskulêre navorsing, maar om hierdie selle suksesvol in kultuur te onderhou is ‘n groot uitdaging (Xu et al, 2009; Louch et al, 2011). Die meeste navorsingstudies maak gebruik van akuut geïsoleerde kardiomiosiete onmiddelik na isolasie omdat oorlewing van hierdie selle in kultuur baie laag is. Die struikelblokke in kultuur is as gevolg van die tipe medium en weefselkultuurgom wat gebruik word. Ons het voorheen 'n optimale medium en weefselkultuurgom geïdentifiseer vir VRKM kultuur oorlewing, maar die weefselkultuurgom was nie effektief genoeg om die selle aan die kultuuroppervlak te laat bly vaskleef, tot na die einde van 'n isgemie/herperfusie eksperiment nie. Doel: Die doel was dus om die beste weefselkultuurgom en konsentrasie te identifiseer, wat sal toelaat dat VRKMe verbonde bly aan die kultuuroppervlaktes tot na die einde van isgemie/herperfusie eksperimente. Metodes: Kardiomiosiete was geïsoleer vanaf volwasse Wistar rotharte en oornag in kultuur op verskillende konsentrasies (25 -200 μg/ml) van kollageen 1, kollageen 4, ekstrasellulêre matriks (ESM), laminin/entactin (L/E) en laminin onderhou. Die volgende dag was die VRKMe vir eksperimentasie in PBS en in PBS teenoor MMXCB gebruik, om selbehoud en oorlewing te vergelyk. Kardiomiosiete op ESM, L/E en L (25−200μg/ml) was aan 1 uur van gesimuleerde isgemie blootgestel, in MMXCB wat 3mM SDT en 10mM 2DG bevat het, gevolg deur 15 minute herperfusie. Sel oorlewing was bepaal deur selle te kleur met JC-1 en daarna was fluoressensiebeelde van die selle in ‘n veldgebied van 1.17μm/mm2 geneem. Die selle was volgens selmorfologie en fluoressensie intensiteit ontleed. Resultate: Met die gebruik van MMXCB as eksperimentele buffer in plaas van PBS, het die aantal totale en staafvormige VRKMe verbinding verbeter. Morfologiese onderhoud was sleg op kollageen 1 en 4, ongeag van watter buffer gebruik was. In kontras met die kollagene was die VRKM verbinding en morfologiese onderhoud op ESM, L/E en L in MMXCB effektief verbeter, maar in PBS aansienlik verminder. Mitochondriale lewensvatbaarheid in MMXCB teenoor PBS op kollageen 1 en 4 by 75−175μg/ml, sowel as op ECM, L/E en L by alle konsentrasies, was hoog, behalwe by 50 en 150μg/ml ESM, 175μg/ml L/E en 25μg/ml L. Isgemie blootstelling van kardiomiosiete gekultuur op alle konsentrasies van ESM, L/E en L, het ‘n afname in die totale, staafvormige en R/G fluoressensie (mitochondriale lewensvatbaarheid) teweeggebring. Meer hiperkontrakteerde kardiomiosiete was in die isgemie behandelde groepe as in die kontrole groepe teenwoordig, spesifiek op ESM by 75−150μg/ml en 200μg/ml, op L/E by 50,100μg/ml en 175μg/ml asook op L by 125μg/ml. In die isgemie groepe het die totale aantal VRKMe op ESM, L/E en L meestal uit ‘n gelyke hoeveelheid hiperkontrakteerde en staafvormige selle bestaan. Gevolgtrekking: Kardiomiosiete moet op ESM of L/E of L by konsentrasises van 25−200μg/ml in MMXCB gekultuur word. PBS is nadelig vir VRKMe in kultuur en moet dus nie gebruik word as eksperimentele buffer nie. Isgemie/herperfusie eksperimente kan gesimuleer word op VRKMe wat op 25−200μg/ml ESM, L/E of L gekultuur is, mits ‘n gemodifiseerde kultuur buffer gebruik word as eksperimentele buffer.
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Johnson, Eithne Emer. "Sex scenes and naked apes : sexual-technological experimentation and the sexual revolution /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Morgan, Victoria N. "'Twas as Space sat singing / To herself - and men - ': Emily Dickinson and Hymn Culture: Tradition and Experimentation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485894.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates the relationship between the expressions of spiritu'ality in the poetry of Emily Dickinson and the representations of spirituality associated with the hymn culture she encountered. Drawing upon contemporary women hymnists and the influence of the hymns of Isaac Watts, the thesis traces the dissent and challenge to the hierarchical 'I-Thou' model ofrelation in traditional hymn address and shows how Dickinson engaged with it. Watts's Dissenting position has been overlooked in previous discussions of Dickinson's use of the' hymn form. Women hymnists contemporary with Dickinson, who also sought to redefine God in ways more compatible with their own experience, have similarly been ignored when considering the impact of hymn culture on Dickinson's poetry. This cultural context is further illuminated by the debates concerning alternative versions of the divine found in recent feminist theology. Like the redefinitions of the expectations surrounding hymns, these feminist debates centre around ideas of community and relation and so are used as a basis for the exploration ofthe emphasis on multiple and diverse relation in Dickinson's poetics. The thesis is divided into three sections that are preceded by an Introduction which describes the overall scope of the project. The first section (Chapters One and Two) describes the history ofhymn culture and analyses current debates about hymns and hymn space. The second section (Chapters Three and Four) examines the literary contexts and influences surrounding Dickinson's writing and engagement with hymn culture, as exemplified by the work ofIsaac Watts, Phoebe Hinsdale Brown and Eliza Lee Follen. The third section (Chapters Five and Six) offer detailed analysis of a selection ofDickinson' s hymnic poems, focussing on her use ofbee imagery. The conclusion the thesis reaches is that Dickinson's relation to hymnody is more wide-reaching, complex and subtle than criticism on this area has allowed. Far from being contextless and siteless, the radical re-visioning of the divine to be found in Dickinson's 'alternative hymns' can be situated within an engagement with a community of hymn writers. The 'I-Thou' relation to be found in traditional hymn address IS something that Dickinson's poetics negotiate through the various alternatives they forge in the imagery of flight and relation which serve as mobile and fluid metaphors for the divine. Moreover, such metaphors display similarities not only with the ideas of 'relation' and 'community' ofrecent feminist theology, but also with the qualities of mystical discourse as understood by Michel de Certeau, both in their ability to voice the other, and also in their radical mode of relation to the'discourses that produced them.
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CAMILLERI, LIONEL. "Etude experimentale de solutions de cardioplegie sur cultures de cardiomyocytes de rats nouveau-nes." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF1MM10.
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Mattos, Carmem Lúcia Altomar. "Experiências críticas em arte e tecnologia : Zaven Paré e Jorge Crowe." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2571.
Анотація:
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A pesquisa aborda processos artísticos contemporâneos que articulam arte e tecnologia, capazes de potencializar a produção de conhecimento sob uma perspectiva crítica e criativa. Para tanto, parte da análise de propostas/ações desenvolvidas pelos artistas Zaven Paré e Jorge Crowe, assinalando principalmente questões relacionadas ao trabalho colaborativo, à precariedade/desmitificação de meios, à performance e ao uso de tecnologias livres. A abordagem enfatiza termos e conceitos referentes à cultura digital, à cultura livre, ao artista como hacker e à pesquisa em arte e tecnologia como experiência crítica, tomando como referência autores como Pierre Levy, Manuel Castells, Lawrence Lessig, Arlindo Machado, Vilém Flusser entre outros. O estudo aponta para um melhor entendimento de produções artísticas que perpassam a prática interdisciplinar; a apropriação de modelos de pesquisas; e a formação de redes colaborativas.
The research addresses contemporary artistic processes that articulate art and technology, which are able to enhance the production of knowledge in a critical and creative perspective. Therefore, part of the analysis of proposals/actions developed by the artists Zaven Paré and Jorge Crowe, are mainly pointing out issues related to collaborative work such as precariousness/demystification of media performance and the use of free technologies. The approach emphasizes terms and concepts related to digital culture, free culture, the artist hacking and research in art and technology as a critical experience; taking into consideration reference authors Pierre Levy, Manuel Castells, Lawrence Lessig, Arlindo Machado, Flusser and others. The study points to a better understanding of artistic productions that run through interdisciplinary practice, the appropriation of research models and the formation of collaborative networks.
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Caldas, Rodrigo Araújo. "Análogos experimentais de seleção e extinção de metacontingências." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16858.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-14Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
From the explanation of human behavior by Skinner in 1981, based on the model of variation and selection by consequence. And the concept of metacontingencie proposed by Glenn in 1986. Four experimental studies were conducted with objectives to promote the selection and extinction of metacontingencie. The experiment 1 demonstrated metacontingencies selection, and the data indicating the extinction with the removal of cultural consequence selector, but had differential consequences during the extinction. Two other experiments were performed in order to compare the data with a phase of extinction without differential consequence. In experiment 2 was not obtained selection and the experiment 3 there was selection and extinction of interlock behavioral contingencies. The fourth experiment was conducted in order to serve as a control group and gave support to the data of other experiments
A partir da explicação do comportamento humano apresentada por Skinner em 1981, baseada no modelo de variação e seleção por conseqüência. E do conceito de metacontingências proposto por Glenn, em 1986. Foram conduzidos 4 estudos experimentais, com objetivos de promover a seleção e a extinção de metacontingências. O experimento 1 conseguiu demonstrar seleção de metacontingências e dados que indicavam a extinção com a retirada da conseqüência cultural selecionadora, mas ainda havia conseqüências diferenciais durante a fase de extinção. Outros dois experimentos foram realizados no intuito de comparar os dados com uma fase de extinção sem qualquer conseqüência diferencial. No experimento 2 não foi obtido seleção e no experimento 3 houve seleção e extinção de contingências comportamentais entrelaçadas. O quarto experimento foi conduzido com objetivo de servir de grupo controle e deu sustentação aos dados dos outros experimentos
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Shamgochian, Maureen. "The Stimulation of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion from Anterior Pituitary Cells in Culture by Substance P: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 1990. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/129.
Анотація:
The observations that substance P (SP) is localized in the anterior pituitary gland (AP) and is regulated by the hormonal status of the animal, as well as the demonstration of SP binding sites in the AP, have led to the idea that SP may participate in the regulation of AP function. Numerous and sometimes contradictory reports of SP effects on AP hormone secretion, particularly on luteinizing hormone (LH), left the question of whether SP acts directly at the level of the AP to regulate LH secretion still unanswered. To investigate a possible physiological function of SP in the AP, the effects of exogenous SP on LH secretion from AP cells from adult and prepubertal male and female rats in short term culture were studied. It was found that SP (100nM-1μM) significantly stimulates LH release in cultured AP cells and that this effect varies as a function of age and sex. SP has no significant effect on LH release from AP cells of male and female prepubertal rats. After day 30 a sharp increase in the response to SP occurs in both sexes. This level of responsiveness continues through adulthood in AP cells from the female rat. In contrast, AP cells from male rats failed to respond during adulthood (over 50 days of age) but were highly responsive during the peripubertal period (30-35 days). The possibility that the responsiveness to SP is influenced by the endocrine status of the animal was investigated by exposing AP cells from responding animals to androgens in vivo and in vitro. It was found that AP cells from female rats treated with androgen were less responsive to 100nM SP but did respond at higher doses of SP. SP effects on AP function were further analyzed in experiments using radioligand binding assays to assess possible changes in SP receptor number or affinity as related to age and sex. In AP membranes from female rats, maximum binding is 8-fold higher (Bmax=4.2 pmo1/mg membrane protein) than in AP membranes from male rats (Bmax=560fmo1/ mg membrane protein). These studies suggest a role for SP as a secondary regulator of LH secretion with possible physiological significance for reproductive function.
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Lefranc, Guénolé. "Apports de l’analyse de la conformité réglementaire, de l’analyse des risques professionnels et de l'évaluation du climat de sécurité à la construction de la culture de sécurité." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0044/document.
Анотація:
La culture de sécurité s'impose à l'agenda des entreprises. Cette notion n'est pas nouvelle puisque le terme est apparu dès la fin des années 80 suite à l'accident de Tchernobyl. L'existence d'une culture de sûreté défaillante a été la principale cause expliquant la catastrophe.L'usage du terme s'est très largement répandu et les définitions sont nombreuses. En croisant différents travaux, trois grands facteurs explicatifs se révèlent prédominants dans la culture de sécurité : les facteurs « organisationnel », « comportemental » et « psychologique ».L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de concevoir un « système » de modèles permettant de décrire et d'évaluer sur le terrain chacun des trois facteurs. Pour ce faire, des « raccourcis » (ou « réductions » théorique et méthodologique), qui seront discutées et justifiées, ont été explorés.Ainsi, le facteur « organisationnel » est traduit selon le processus de l'analyse des conformités légales (le rapport au prescrit). ». Le facteur « comportemental » quant à lui assimilé au processus de maîtrise des risques (le rapport au réel). Enfin, le facteur « psychologique » est directement relié au processus d'évaluation du « climat de sécurité ».Chaque processus a fait l'objet d'un effort de modélisation. Chacun des modèles a permis de repérer des variables descriptives et explicatives. Certaines ont été reliées dans le but de traduire la relation entre les trois facteurs.Le « système » de modèles ainsi constitué a fait l'objet d'une expérimentation à grande échelle conduite en partenariat avec une entreprise française de rang mondial. Deux sites ont été impliqués. La thèse détaille le cadre théorique et méthodologique. Elle présente la démarche de modélisation mise en œuvre et discute amplement des résultats de l'expérimentation. Elle propose enfin des pistes de généralisation du dispositif constituéSafety culture is increasingly important to the corporate agenda. The SafetyCulture concept is not new, but gained popularity in the late 80s following the Chernobyl accident. The main cause of the disaster was said to be a deficient Safety culture.The term is now used widely and definitions are numerous. The Safety culture literature contains three major explanatory factors shaping the formation of a safety culture: "organizational", "behavioural" and "psychological".The objective of this thesis is to develop a "system" of models which will enable description and evaluation of these three factors in applied settings. To achieve this goal, theoretical and methodological "shortcuts", or mappings, were developed and explored. The "organizational" factor is mapped with the process of compliance management. Similarly, the "behavioural" factor is likened to the process of risk management. Finally, the "psychological" factor is directly related to the assessment process of the "safety climate". The implications of these translations are discussed in this thesis.Each of these processes has been modelled. Every model has allowed the identification of descriptive and explanatory variables. Some have been linked to each other in order to translate the relationship between the three factors. The "system" of models was tested on a large sample in partnership with a global French company. Two locations were involved.This thesis describes the theoretical and methodological framework. It describes the modelling process that has been implemented and discusses the results of the experimentation. Finally it proposes possibilities for the enhancement of the models that have been developed
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Buczek-Thomas, Jo Ann. "Characterization of the Hypersensitive Response of Glycogen Phosphorylase to Catecholamine Stimulation in Primary Culture Diabetic Cardiomyocytes: A Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 1992. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/93.
Анотація:
The primary goal of my thesis research was to characterize the basis for the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase to catecholamine stimulation in primary culture diabetic cardiomyocytes. Toward this goal, I have investigated several key regulatory sites in this signaling pathway which could promote the hypersensitive activation of phosphorylase. Specifically, I investigated (1) which adrenergic receptors are involved in mediating the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase to epinephrine stimulation; (2) whether the presence of fatty acid metabolites affects phosphorylase activation; (3) whether the hypersensitive response of phosphorylase results from altered signal transduction through the β-adrenergic receptor system or from a post-receptor defect; and (4) the potential role for phosphorylase kinase in mediating the hypersensitive response of phosphorylase to catecholamine stimulation.
The basis for adrenergic receptor mediation of the catecholamine-induced activation of glycogen phosphorylase was investigated in adult rat cardiomyocytes isolated from normal and alloxan-diabetic animals. Cells derived from diabetic animals exhibited a hypersensitive response to epinephrine stimulation which was apparent 3 hours after cell isolation and was further enhanced upon maintenance of the myocytes in culture for 24 hours. Normal cells initially lacked the hypersensitive response to epinephrine stimulation although upon maintenance of these cells in culture for 24 hours, the hypersensitive response was acquired in vitro. To assess alpha- and beta- adrenergic mediation of the response, normal and diabetic cardiomyocytes were incubated with propranolol, a β-receptor antagonist, prior to direct α1receptor stimulation with phenylephrine. Both normal and diabetic myocytes failed to undergo activation of phosphorylase in 3 or 24 hour cell cultures. In addition, the effects of epinephrine on phosphorylase activation were completely inhibited by propranolol whereas prazosin, an α-receptor antagonist, was unsuccessful. This data suggests that the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase in normal and diabetic cardiomyocytes is solely mediated through β-adrenergic receptor activation.
Since the accumulation of various fatty acid metabolites can affect certain enzymes and signal transduction pathways within the cell, the potential effect of various fatty acid metabolites on phosphorylase activation was investigated. To determine the potential effects of fatty acid metabolites on phosphorylase activation in cultured cardiomyocytes, normal and alloxan-diabetic cells were incubated with either carnitine or palmitoylcarnitine prior to stimulation with epinephrine. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with or without carnitine or palmitoylcarnitine for 3 or 24 hours before epinephrine stimulation failed to alter phosphorylase activation. The addition of exogenous carnitine in the absence and presence of insulin was also unsuccessful in attenuating the hypersensitive phosphorylase activation response in 3 and 24 hour, normal and alloxan-diabetic derived cardiomyocytes. To determine if carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) activity was responsible for the hypersensitive response of phosphorylase in the diabetic myocytes, both normal and diabetic myocytes were maintained for 3 and 24 hours in the absence and presence of etomoxir, a CPT-1 inhibitor. Subsequent activation of phosphorylase by epinephrine in normal and diabetic myocytes was unaltered in the presence of etomoxir. Collectively, these data fail to support a critical role for fatty acid metabolite involvement in the hypersensitive activation of glycogen phosphorylase in acute, alloxan-diabetic cardiomyocytes.
To assess potential G-protein involvement in the response, normal and diabetic-derived myocytes were incubated with either cholera or pertussis toxin prior to hormonal stimulation. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with cholera toxin resulted in a potentiated response to epinephrine stimulation whereas pertussis toxin did not affect the activation of this signaling pathway. To determine if the enhanced response of phosphorylase activation resulted from an alteration in adenylyl cyclase activation, the cells were challenged with forskolin. After 3 hours in primary culture, diabetic cardiomyocytes exhibited a hypersensitive response to forskolin stimulation relative to normal cells. However, after 24 hours in culture, both normal and diabetic myocytes responded identically to forskolin challenge. The present data suggest that a cholera toxin sensitive G-protein mediates the hypersensitive response of glycogen phosphorylase to catecholamine stimulation in diabetic cardiomyocytes. This response, which is present in alloxan-diabetic cells, and is induced in vitroin normal cardiomyocytes, is primarily due to a defect at a post-receptor site.
To assess the role of phosphorylase kinase in the hypersensitive activation of glycogen phosphorylase in the diabetic heart, phosphorylase kinase activity was measured initially in perfused hearts (to optimize the assay parameters) and subsequently in primary culture cardiomyocytes. Results from these experiments demonstrate that the present method for measuring phosphorylase kinase activity is a reliable indicator of the enzyme's activity in the heart, although the assay conditions must be further optimized before this system can be applied to the measurement of phosphorylase kinase activity in primary cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Dinis, Tony Mickael. "Prothèse nerveuse artificielle à partir de fibroïne de soie pour la réparation et la régénération de nerfs périphériques." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2152/document.
Анотація:
La lésion de nerfs périphériques peut engendrer des déficits moteurs et/ou sensoriels permanents. En dépit des progrès techniques réalisés au cours de ces 25 dernières années, une récupération complète suite à ces lésions n’est pas encore possible aujourd'hui. L’autogreffe nerveuse, toujours considérée comme le standard clinique, est la seule technique capable d’offrir les meilleurs résultats en termes de récupération fonctionnelle. Cependant, la survenue de complications post-opératoires lors d’autogreffes d’un nerf et la quantité limitée de nerfs disponibles conduisent à mettre au point d’autres stratégies alternatives. Dans ce contexte, la mise au point de biomatériaux pour substituts nerveux devient une nécessité clinique. Malgré les efforts de la recherche, ces prothèses ne permettent toujours pas une régénération du nerf à la hauteur de l’autogreffe. Le biomatériau utilisé doit notamment présenter des propriétés physiques et chimiques proches de celui du nerf natif. La soie, aux propriétés mécaniques uniques, représente une bonne alternative pour mettre au point ce type de prothèses. En effet, la protéine de soie déjà utilisée dans le domaine biomédical est biocompatible. Les modifications chimiques de cette protéine améliore et favorise l’adhérence et la croissance cellulaires par l’incorporation de facteurs de croissance ou d’autres molécules d'intérêt. Ce travail de thèse propose de développer un nouveau type de biomatériau à base de soie fonctionnalisée par deux facteurs de croissance : le Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) et le Ciliary NeuroTrophic Factor (CNTF). Étant donné l’architecture complexe qui compose la structure nerveuse, une matrice supportant la repousse des tissus de façon orientée semble primordiale. Nous démontrons, dans un premier temps, le pouvoir de ces nanofibres alignées (produites par electrospinning) à orienter la régénération tissulaire de différents organes par culture d’explants. Les nanofibres de soie alignées, biocompatibles sont bio-activées par ajout de NGF spécifique de la régénération nerveuse. Cette matrice créée présente un gradient de concentration en NGF qui permet d’orienter la repousse axonale en stimulant la croissance axonale dans une seule direction. Afin d’optimiser la croissance de deux populations cellulaires, nous avons incorporé du CNTF pour produire des nanofibres bifonctionnalisées. Ces nanofibres bifonctionnalisées ont conduit à une longueur des neurites 3 fois plus grande à leurs contacts, stimulant la croissance des cellules gliales. Ainsi, nous avons produit des conduits nerveux à base de soie biofonctionnalisée pour implantation chez le rat. Les analyses physico-chimiques et les propriétés mécaniques démontrent le caractère biomimétique de nos tubes de guidage. Les premières études de la locomotion et l’observation de coupes du nerf sciatique de rat, suite à l’implantation de nos conduits donnent des résultats très prometteurs. L’ensemble de ces travaux démontre l’efficacité de nos guides nerveux à base de soie et les présente comme une alternative prometteuse à l’autogreffe nerveuse pratiquée en cliniquePeripheral nerve injury causes sensory and/or motor functions deficits. Despite technological advances over the past 25 years, a complete recovery from these injuries remains unsatisfactory today. The autograft still considered the "gold standard" in clinical practice. This is the only technique able to offer complete functional recovery. However, the occurrence of postoperative complications in autologous nerve and the limited amount of available nerves lead to develop alternatives strategy.In this context, development of nerve graft substitutes becomes by far a clinical necessity. Despite research efforts, these artificial prostheses design based on biomaterial doesn’t allow nerve regeneration as found in autograft nerve procedures. The biomaterial used must have the physical and chemical properties similar to that of the native nerve. Silk, well known for its unique mechanical properties, proposes a good alternative to develop these prostheses. Indeed, the silk protein is commonly used in the biomedical field and regenerative medicine. This protein biocompatibility may be improved through chemical modifications to promote adhesion and cell growth by the incorporation of growth factors or other molecules of interest. Therefore, this thesis proposes to develop a new type of functionalized silk biomaterial based on two growth factors : Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Ciliary NeuroTrophic Factor (CNTF). Given the complex architecture that consists of nerve structure, a matrix which is able to support and manage the outgrowth of tissue becomes essential. We demonstrate the power of these aligned nanofibers (produced by electrospinning) to guide and manage tissue regeneration from different organ explants culture. Aligned silk nanofibers, were biocompatible and bio-activated by adding NGF involved for nerve regeneration. This matrix has been created with a concentration gradient of NGF to guide neuritis outgrowth in only one direction. The presence of this gradient demonstrated a better axonal growth in one direction versus the uniform concentration conditions. Nerve cells consist essentially of two cell populations which are neurons and Schwann cells. To optimize the culture and growth of these two populations, in addition to NGF, we incorporated CNTF to produce bifunctionalized nanofibers. These biofunctionalised nanofibers led to a length 3 times larger on contact with neurites. The glial cells growth, alignment and migration were stimulated by CNTF. Thus, we produced bi-functionalized nerve guidance conduits for rat implantation. The physico-chemical analyzes demonstrate the biomimetic of our guide tubes. Early studies of locomotion and observing histological sections of rat sciatic nerve, following the implementation of our conduits gave very promising results.These studies demonstrate the relevance of our nervous guides’ silk-based developed as an effective alternative to nerve autograft performed in the clinic
Книги з теми "Experimentation culture":
1
Williams, Goldhagen Sarah, and Legault Réjean 1956-, eds. Anxious modernisms: Experimentation in postwar architectural culture. Montréal: Canadian Centre for Architecture, 2000.
2
Christa, Knellwolf, and Goodall Jane R, eds. Frankenstein's science: Experimentation and discovery in Romantic culture, 1780-1830. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008.
3
Thomas, Shaw. Rape culture. [Toronto?]: Dept. of Agriculture, 1993.
4
Kaihatsukyoku, Japan Kagaku Gijutsuchō Kenkyū. Jikken dōbutsu no kaihatsu tō ni kansuru kenkyū seika hōkokusho: Dai I-ki Shōwa 57--59-nendo, dai II-ki Shōwa 60--61-nendo. [Tokyo]: Kagaku Gijutsuchō Kenkyū Kaihatsukyoku, 1988.
5
Animals and Science: Anthropological Approaches (Conference) (2005 University of Manchester). Animals and science: From colonial encounters to the biotech industry. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010.
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Assoku, R. K. G. The human-animal bond: Science to the rescue! Accra: Ghana Universities Press, 1988.
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Carter, Adrian J., and Helmut Kettenmann. Cell culture models as alternatives to animal experimentation for the testing of neuroprotective compounds in stroke research: Practical handbook of methods. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, 1999.
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Halle, Willi. Toxizitätsprüfungen in Zellkulturen für eine Vorhersage der akuten Toxizität (LD50) zur Einsparung von Tierversuchen. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, 1998.
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Adamczyk, Georges. Architecture Competitions and the Production of Culture, Quality and Knowledge: An International Inquiry. Edited by Jean-Pierre Chupin, Carmela Cucuzzella, and Bechara Helal. Montreal, QC, Canada: Potential Architecture Books, 2015.
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Schmitz, Sabine. Der Experimentator: Zellkultur. 3rd ed. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akad. Verl., 2011.
Частини книг з теми "Experimentation culture":
1
Solberg, Mads. "RNAi: An Instrument for Exploratory Experimentation." In A Cognitive Ethnography of Knowledge and Material Culture, 169–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72511-2_4.
2
Gulya, Jason J. "How Bunyan’s Anxieties about Allegory Sparked a Culture of Experimentation." In Allegory in Enlightenment Britain, 15–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19036-0_2.
3
Phillips, P. J., J. P. Barford, and C. Harbour. "The Integration of Detailed Computer Modelling (on PC) With Experimentation in Animal Cell Culture." In Animal Cell Technology: Basic & Applied Aspects, 191–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5746-9_30.
4
Smith, Amy M., Hannah M. Gibbons, Claire Lill, Richard L. M. Faull, and Mike Dragunow. "Isolation and Culture of Adult Human Microglia Within Mixed Glial Cultures for Functional Experimentation and High-Content Analysis." In Microglia, 41–51. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-520-0_6.
5
Keylin, Vadim. "I make noise therefore I am: Aesthetics of sonic experimentation in participatory art and culture." In Sonic Engagement, 177–89. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003164227-16.
6
Mattocks, Kate. "Experimentation in federal cultural policy." In Canadian Cultural Policy in Transition, 256–68. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003134022-21.
7
Lunstroth, John. "Hindu norms on human experimentation." In Cross-Cultural and Religious Critiques of Informed Consent, 79–96. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003213215-10.
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Iasiello, Carmen, Andrew Crooks, and Sarah Wittman. "The Human Resource Management Parameter Experimentation Tool." In Social, Cultural, and Behavioral Modeling, 298–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61255-9_29.
9
Dawson, Benjamin. "Cognition and Volition." In Cultural Inquiry, 113–40. Vienna: Turia + Kant, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-08_06.
Анотація:
In his major theoretical work on experimentation, Towards a History of Epistemic Things (1997), Hans-Jörg Rheinberger writes: ‘If experimental systems have a life of their own, precisely what kind of life they have remains to be determined.’ Rheinberger is alluding to the slogan Ian Hacking gave to the post-Kuhnian ‘practical turn’ in the history and epistemology of science.
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Lakkaraju, Kiran, Brenda Medina, Alisa N. Rogers, Derek M. Trumbo, Ann Speed, and Jonathan T. McClain. "The Controlled, Large Online Social Experimentation Platform (CLOSE)." In Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, and Prediction, 339–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16268-3_40.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Experimentation culture":
1
Mus, Carlotta Belluzzi. "Design for Outdoor Education: Redefining Schooling Through Design-Oriented Experimentation in Outdoor Contexts." In The Barcelona Conference on Arts, Media & Culture 2022. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2435-9475.2022.12.
2
Titisari, Bintan, and Slamet Riyadi. "Rapid Prototyping as an Experimentation Method of Designing Tools to Improve the Quality and Variety of Stitch-Resist Dyed Motifs." In ICON ARCCADE 2021: The 2nd International Conference on Art, Craft, Culture and Design (ICON-ARCCADE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211228.021.
3
Cygan, A. Z., A. Prabhakar, E. J. Podlaha-Murphy, M. C. Murphy, and R. V. Devireddy. "Fabrication of Micro Scale Arrays of Thermoelectric Sensors and Actuators for Cryobiological Applications." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60920.
Анотація:
A device to measure and modulate individual cell temperatures in a tissue culture during cooling and freezing would enhance understanding of tissue freezing. Prefabrication experimentation and modeling were carried out to understand the behavior of the device. Modeling demonstrated that the thermocouples used in the system can be adequately isolated from each other to prevent interference in data collection. Experiments have shown that it is feasible to produce the thermocouples and thermoelectric heaters (TECs) required for fabrication of the device through electrodeposition.
4
Abramov, Roman, and Nadezhda Abramova. "From the experimentation to the unification: how the transition to unified computer system ingluensed the professional culture of the soviet computer industry." In 2020 Fifth International Conference “History of Computing in the Russia, former Soviet Union and Council for Mutual Economic Assistance countries” (SORUCOM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sorucom51654.2020.9464946.
5
Tomás Miralles, Ana, Tania Ansio Martinez, and Rosángela Aguilar Briceño. "ECOSISTEMA GRÁFICOS. Un paso más desde el grabado no tóxico para la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible." In IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2020.2020.12014.
Анотація:
Etching as a graphic method is not only a ser of thecniques, it also has the scope of a SYSTEM with all that this implies. And as a system, the education of these subjects is directly linked to the fulfillment of the SDG’s 2030, by focusing on the various objectives that are set from an ECOSYSTEM perspective: A form of art practice resorting to its ease of multiple reproduction as a matter of social approach and by constant experimentation on classical and new techniques. The transmission of our graphic approaches is immersed in public awareness of the importance of planet conservation and sustainability, thus motivating artistic practice in the context of becoming aware of the ecological impact of human activity. We are all called upon to act from the new culture of sustainability that permeates everything and is decisive. In experimentation classrooms, the joint of our team and out students at the UPV, has eased the path to develop our projects BOSQUEARTE and MONTA TUS OBJETIVOS, in order to raise awareness, throughout the workshops and art happenings that surrounds them, with the need to commit ourselved to preserving the environment and natural resources.
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Al Shammakhi, Adnan, Kevin Oelofse, Maram Al Busaidi, Fakhri Al Sukaiti, and Bader Al Shekaili. "Improving Observable Leadership Behaviours in Asset Integrity and Process Safety Huddles Through the Utilization of Thriving in Change (TIC) Approach." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211109-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives/Scope The purpose of this paper is to share knowledge from utilizing a novel behavioral change management approach, that incorporates agile, ideation and experimentation methods, to improve Asset Integrity and Process Safety Management (AIPSM) at Petroleum Development Oman. This paper includes an overview of the methods used to achieve positive shifts in safety leadership Behaviors observed during team AIPSM engagements or "huddles". Methods, Procedures, Process Our Thriving in Change (TIC) approach was utilized, and the following methods were deployed: 1) Observable Behaviors identification: This involved identifying the leadership Behaviors critical to AIPSM success. 2)Ideation: This creative process involved co-creating possible behavioral intervention ideas or "nudges" with key stakeholders. 3)Prioritization: Ideas were prioritized based on the most passionate first since people support what they are most passionate about. The selected idea was then further improved to fit within typical cost, time and do-ability constraints. 4)Behavioral Experimentation: The idea was then converted into an experiment card to facilitate the planning, measurement and learning around the behavioral experiment Results, Observations, Conclusions The primary outcomes of this process were: 1) Behavior Observation card: a simple and cost effective co-created solution to nudging leaders at all levels towards the Behaviors that are required in creating a culture that supports AIPSM 2)Minimal resistance: People support what they help to develop. The approach of selecting the most passionate idea first helped drive higher levels of engagement and participation in the execution of the idea. 3)Create a learning organization: The PDCA nature of the experimentation card promotes cycles of learning and experimentation until the goal is achieved. 4) Speed of implementation: The agile approach encouraged quicker doing and results. Learning our way into it rather than suffering "analysis paralysis". The observations from our behavioral experiment: The first round of experimentation was not successful, however it provided us with several learnings such as shifting the language used and making the observation card simpler and easier to use. The second round of experimentation in 4 different areas provided a more positive result. Within a month we observed improvements in the targeted leadership Behaviors and huddle leaders viewed this as a valuable coaching tool. The observation card is now being rolled out across all PDO AIPSM "huddles". As a conclusion, the observation card helped to improve observable leadership Behaviors such as communication, transparency, respect etc, which improved the overall AIPSM management. Novel/Additive Information Holistically the approach used can be transferred to any other business with some customization to suit each organization business nature. The utilization of change management tools such as ideation and behavioral experimentation is not common in the oil field sector. Looking to the future we can expand the utilization of the change management tools to other HSE project and furthermore to support some PDO strategic projects.
7
Accetta, Cinzia. "Gibellina and the identity of community. Brandi, Burri and the conserva-tion of the 'ruins'." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15618.
Анотація:
The construction of the new Gibellina is the starting point to reflect on the importance of memory and the rites of passage between the past and the future of a people. The construction of the city resulted from the destruction of the Belice earthquake of 1968 which wiped out the old town and forced the inhabitants to look for a new, safer place. What remains of the old city destroyed by the earthquake, with its painful heritage of ruins and rubble, has been transformed from a pour of concrete into a work of art: the "Cretto" by Alberto Burri. The new site arose from the design of Marcello Fabbri was the result of experimentation for the city of the future, designed for a significant increase in housing flows which later proved to be overestimated, creating a sense of alienation and out of scale. In the following years, the emotional and social clamor about the community was dramatic, due to the loss of the historical memory of the territory. The citizens of Gibellina had lost their place of origin, their "sacred pole". The contribution aims to highlight the links between past and future in the history of a place that pass through the relationships between the urban and social fabric in the transmission of the memories and identity of a people. After several decades, it is possible to evaluate the emotional effects of the choices made and reflect on the strategies that can be applied to heal the obvious gap between design and actual use of a place. The comparison between the settlement rituals of the nomadic tribe of the Omaha people based on the continuity of a symbolic object, the sacred pole, and the loss of the “genius loci” of Gibellina caused by the occultation of the macere, allows to identify an interesting and unprecedented parallelism in the re-foundation symbolic of the settlement principle which is at the basis of the rebirth of a community. As Torsello and Boscarino suggests, the memory of a people passes through its monuments. Etymologically it can be traced back to the Latin verb “monere” that is to remember, emphasizing the act of admonishing, warning, remembering the history imprinted in the voluntary action of building for the community.
8
Göl, Berna. "A Transformation of Leisure in the Architectural Imaginary: Could the Tiny House Movement Learn from Megastructuralism?" In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3983pl8u6.
Анотація:
Architecture culture inevitably revolves around the idea of leisure including its many connotations, such as recreation, reproduction, education, entertainment etc. As a concept, it not only corresponds to many spheres of everyday life, but also designates how time is being or should be spent via functions associated with architecture (such as leisure parks), through challenging architectural imagination (experimentation with pavilions or museums) as well as discourse built around particular examples of architecture. In the post-war world, leisure society was a prominent expression and had direct effects on architectural production through cultural centers, educational facilities and a vast range of public spaces that were meant to serve all individuals of society. On the other hand, leisure, arguably, is now being replaced by other ideas such as well-being or happiness. It is possible to observe a shift from a societal imaginary onto an individual one. This paper takes this shift in ideas around leisure and traces its possible extensions in the architectural culture via two trends in architecture: Megastructuralism and the tiny house movement. While the megastructralists of the 1960s imagined self-sufficient cities and communities, the tiny house movement of the past decade has been looking for self-sufficiency through singular houses/households. Departing from major texts such as Fumihiko Maki’s Collective Form (1964) or Reynar Banham’s Megastructures (1976) to old and new critical articles on the tiny house movement, this paper investigates references to leisure and ideas around it. It explores the tiny house movement and the megastructuralism; mapping their parallels in responding to crises of their era, their ways of experimenting and challenging architecture’s limits and finally aims to address what the two movements may display about one another as an attempt to enhance present architectural theory.
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Cannaerts, Corneel. "From Lab to Field: Extending the Architectural Design Studio to Integrate Emerging Technologies." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.17.
Анотація:
The architectural design studio, as a place for educating future practitioners, is faced with two necessary dissociations: the distance from practice and its futurity. While the responses in architectural education have been varied1, the question of how to integrate emerging technologies seems to further sharpen these dissociations. This paper discusses the MMlab and Fieldstation studio, two learning environments set up as extensions of the design studio aiming to question the impact of emerging technologies on architecture. These extensions are particular ways of responding to the dissociations between the design studio and practice and its futurity: through hands-on experimentation with emerging technologies and questioning their relevance for architectural practice and culture, and by exploring the impact of technologies on the environments in which we operate as architects, deliberately looking for places and sites where emerging technologies manifest themselves with a particular urgency. The argument builds on a number of design studios, workshops and elective courses, it discusses two case studies in detail and describes the shift from lab to field in terms of subject matter, spatial setting and pedagogical approach.
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Doucette, Karmun, and Janine Woo. "Building Digital Competencies and Cultivating Innovation in an Integrity Environment." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87051.
Анотація:
Abstract Integrity programs utilize advanced inspection technology that generate gigabytes to terabytes of information for each inspection performed. Discussions of “Big Data” have permeated across all major platforms in the pipeline industry, from academic institutions, industry associations, to even commercial integrity management solution providers. While the management and governance of data is typically in the domain of Information Technology (IT) services, organizations are facing a data consumption problem: they are not able to fully realize the business value in their data. Data is generated at a far greater pace than most organizations can keep up with. There is a widening gap between the potential value suggested by the data, and the actual value in the outcomes achieved from the data itself. Bridging the value gap requires an innovative mindset that can conceive new approaches towards the application of data. Innovative solutions to existing problems can help organizations enhance their safety culture and work effectively towards achieving Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals. However, cultivating that mindset can be challenging in fast-paced, safety-critical environments where workday hours are filled with multiple priorities and stakeholder requests. Furthermore, the consumption of data is not without its risks. Aside from broader issues such as information security and ethical abuse, the unintentional misinterpretation of data is a concern that directly impacts the ability of operators to manage the safety of their pipeline systems. While technology and software applications can help mitigate risks associated with data misuse, a culture promoting data literacy and experimentation fosters a higher-level of care and ownership towards the responsible use of data. This paper presents the outcomes from a 2021 pilot program that combines data competency building with the cultivation of an innovative mindset. The program used a team-based “hackathon” like competition to provide a dedicated time and safe space for responsible, lean experimentation of digital problems. In this environment, teams explored innovative solutions to their day-to-day integrity challenges. The program develops technical competencies in data literacy, digital applications, scripting, and analytics; and soft skills including unstructured teamwork, communication, leadership, and a growth mindset. Projects leveraged solutions in areas of data visualization, analytics, automation, and machine learning to drive improvements in effective and efficient integrity management. Along with describing the framework of the program, the paper will also cover learnings from the experience, which highlight the importance of long-term investment in building digital competencies and effective, collaborative problem-solving skills. By empowering talent within an organization to drive their own innovative solutions, organizations can improve employee engagement and cultivate a greater sense of data stewardship, all while enhancing their integrity programs.
Звіти організацій з теми "Experimentation culture":
1
Leslie, Stephen W., and James Ellsworth. Joint Training, Experimentation, and Assessment: Conflict, Compromise, and Culture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada463659.
2
Sionov, Edward, Nancy Keller, and Shiri Barad-Kotler. Mechanisms governing the global regulation of mycotoxin production and pathogenicity by Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7604292.bard.
Анотація:
The original objectives of the study, as defined in the approved proposal, are: To characterize the relationship of CreA and LaeA in regulation of P T production To understand how PacC modulates P. expansumpathogenicity on apples To examine if other secondary metabolites are involved in virulence or P. expansumfitness To identify the signaling pathways leading to PAT synthesis Penicilliumexpansum, the causal agent of blue mould rot, is a critical health concern because of the production of the mycotoxinpatulin (PAT) in colonized apple fruit tissue. Although PAT is produced by many Penicilliumspecies, the factors activating its biosynthesis were not clear. This research focused on host and fungal mechanisms of activation of LaeA (the global regulator of secondary metabolism), PacC (the global pH modulator) and CreA (the global carbon catabolite regulator) on PAT synthesis with intention to establish P. expansumas the model system for understanding mycotoxin synthesis in fruits. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that mechanistically modulate P. expansumgenes and pathways to control activation of PAT production and virulence in host. Several fungal factors have been correlated with disease development in apples, including the production of PAT, acidification of apple tissue by the fungus, sugar content and the global regulator of secondary metabolism and development, LaeA. An increase in sucrose molarity in the culture medium from 15 to 175 mM negatively regulated laeAexpression and PAT accumulation, but, conversely, increased creAexpression, leading to the hypothesis that CreA could be involved in P. expansumPAT biosynthesis and virulence, possibly through the negative regulation of LaeA. We found evidence for CreAtranscriptional regulation of laeA, but this was not correlated with PAT production either in vitro or in vivo, thus suggesting that CreA regulation of PAT is independent of LaeA. Our finding that sucrose, a key ingredient of apple fruit, regulates PAT synthesis, probably through suppression of laeAexpression, suggests a potential interaction between CreA and LaeA, which may offer control therapies for future study. We have also identified that in addition to PAT gene cluster, CreA regulates other secondary metabolite clusters, including citrinin, andrastin, roquefortine and communesins, during pathogenesis or during normal fungal growth. Following creation of P. expansumpacCknockout strain, we investigated the involvement of the global pH regulator PacC in fungal pathogenicity. We demonstrated that disruption of the pH signaling transcription factor PacC significantly decreased the virulence of P. expansumon deciduous fruits. This phenotype is associated with an impairment in fungal growth, decreased accumulation of gluconic acid and reduced synthesis of pectolytic enzymes. We showed that glucose oxidase- encoding gene, which is essential for gluconic acid production and acidification during fruit colonization, was significantly down regulated in the ΔPepacCmutant, suggesting that gox is PacC- responsive gene. We have provided evidence that deletion of goxgene in P. expansumled to a reduction in virulence toward apple fruits, further indicating that GOX is a virulence factor of P. expansum, and its expression is regulated by PacC. It is also clear from the present data that PacC in P. expansumis a key factor for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as PAT. On the basis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and physiological experimentation, the P. expansumΔlaeA, ΔcreAand ΔpacCmutants were unable to successfully colonize apples for a multitude of potential mechanisms including, on the pathogen side, a decreased ability to produce proteolytic enzymes and to acidify the environment and impaired carbon/nitrogen metabolism and, on the host side, an increase in the oxidative defence pathways. Our study defines these global regulatory factors and their downstream signalling pathways as promising targets for the development of strategies to fight against this post-harvest pathogen.
3
Irudayaraj, Joseph, Ze'ev Schmilovitch, Amos Mizrach, Giora Kritzman, and Chitrita DebRoy. Rapid detection of food borne pathogens and non-pathogens in fresh produce using FT-IRS and raman spectroscopy. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587221.bard.
Анотація:
Rapid detection of pathogens and hazardous elements in fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest requires the use of advanced sensor technology at each step in the farm-to-consumer or farm-to-processing sequence. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the complementary Raman spectroscopy, an advanced optical technique based on light scattering will be investigated for rapid and on-site assessment of produce safety. Paving the way toward the development of this innovative methodology, specific original objectives were to (1) identify and distinguish different serotypes of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, (2) develop spectroscopic fingerprint patterns and detection methodology for fungi such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Penicillium (3) to validate a universal spectroscopic procedure to detect foodborne pathogens and non-pathogens in food systems. The original objectives proposed were very ambitious hence modifications were necessary to fit with the funding. Elaborate experiments were conducted for sensitivity, additionally, testing a wide range of pathogens (more than selected list proposed) was also necessary to demonstrate the robustness of the instruments, most crucially, algorithms for differentiating a specific organism of interest in mixed cultures was conceptualized and validated, and finally neural network and chemometric models were tested on a variety of applications. Food systems tested were apple juice and buffer systems. Pathogens tested include Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitis, Shigella boydii, Staphylococus aureus, Serratiamarcescens, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Hafniaalvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli (O103, O55, O121, O30 and O26), Aspergillus niger (NRRL 326) and Fusarium verticilliodes (NRRL 13586), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 11443), Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora and Clavibacter michiganense. Sensitivity of the FTIR detection was 103CFU/ml and a clear differentiation was obtained between the different organisms both at the species as well as at the strain level for the tested pathogens. A very crucial step in the direction of analyzing mixed cultures was taken. The vector based algorithm was able to identify a target pathogen of interest in a mixture of up to three organisms. Efforts will be made to extend this to 10-12 key pathogens. The experience gained was very helpful in laying the foundations for extracting the true fingerprint of a specific pathogen irrespective of the background substrate. This is very crucial especially when experimenting with solid samples as well as complex food matrices. Spectroscopic techniques, especially FTIR and Raman methods are being pursued by agencies such as DARPA and Department of Defense to combat homeland security. Through the BARD US-3296-02 feasibility grant, the foundations for detection, sample handling, and the needed algorithms and models were developed. Successive efforts will be made in transferring the methodology to fruit surfaces and to other complex food matrices which can be accomplished with creative sampling methods and experimentation. Even a marginal success in this direction will result in a very significant breakthrough because FTIR and Raman methods, in spite of their limitations are still one of most rapid and nondestructive methods available. Continued interest and efforts in improving the components as well as the refinement of the procedures is bound to result in a significant breakthrough in sensor technology for food safety and biosecurity.