Готові списки джерел за темами / Explicite FEM

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Explicite FEM"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 19 жовтня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Explicite FEM"

Szturomski, B., and R. Kiciński. "Strength analysis of warship hull’s bottom loaded by the pressure wave from a non-contact explosion of sea mine explosion of sea mine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2130, no. 1 (2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012008.

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Abstract The study was based on the analysis of stamina of steel flat bottom section of transport warships, burdened by the spherical pressure wave from the non-contact explosion of TNT at a distance of 20 m under the keel. This study aims to determine the TNT mass required to break the hull. The task was solved by finite element method (FEM) explicite using CAE program [1], in which the hull’s bottom was modelled as thin shell space. The hull’s burden with pressure wave was modelled as a pressure impulse specified by the formula introduced by T.L. Geers, K.S. Hunter and R.S. Price [2]. To describe the material properties, considering high-speed strain, the Johnson-Cook model was used [3]. Therefore, the main goal of the hereby paper is to present how to correctly model the impact of large, concentrated masses of the ship’s equipment on its hull. The study presents the results of the calculated stress and strain states of the analysed section of the construction of the hull.

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Koide, M., H. Heguri, T. Kamegawa, Y. Nakajima, and H. Ogawa. "Optimization for Motorcycle Tire Using Explicit FEM." Tire Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (2001): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135241.

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Abstract A new procedure of the crown contour design for the motorcycle tire is proposed in this paper. The explicit finite element method (FEM) combined with the neural network has been utilized to optimize the cornering property of the motorcycle tire. For the motorcycle tire, the camber thrust is one of the most important cornering characteristics. The explicit FEM has been utilized for the camber thrust prediction to avoid poor numerical stability that will be caused by the implicit FEM. The prediction of the camber thrust that the results of finite element analyses (FEA) were in good agreement with the experimental results has been verified. For the approximation of the design space in the optimization, the neural network has been utilized to circumvent the multipeak and huge CPU time problems. The objective functions of the optimization were both the linearity of camber thrust and the uniformity of pressure distribution in the contact area. The design variable was the crown contour expressed by three variables, and the number of variables was defined in consideration of decreasing the number of FEA. The procedure has been applied to the practical development of a motorcycle tire and verified to be an effective method to improve the handling performance at the proving ground.

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Leheman, Pahaiti, Hiroo Shiojiri, and Kunihiko Uno. "Application of PML to Analysis of Dam-Reservoir-Foundation System with Cavitation Using Mixed Formulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.427.

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Convolution PML is known to have excellent wave absorbing capability, and has been used combined with FDM and FEM. Most of them are splitting type formulation for explicit FEM or FDM. Here implicit non-splitting type convolution PML procedures consistent with mixed formulation FEM as well as displacement based FEM are developed. The resulting coefficient matrices for convolution PML are symmetric if corresponding coefficient matrices of FEM are symmetric. The developed method is applied to dam-reservoir-foundation systems including reservoir cavitation, and the validity of the method is demonstrated.

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HAMA, Takayuki, Motoo ASAKAWA, Hiroshi FUKIHARU, and Akitake MAKINOUCHI. "Simulation of Tube Hydroforming by Static Explicit FEM." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2003.11 (2003): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2003.11.315.

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Ma, Ninshu, and Yasuyoshi Umezu. "Application of explicit FEM to welding deformation." Welding International 23, no. 1 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507110802348884.

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IKUSHIMA, Kazuki, Shinsuke ITOH, and Masakazu SHIBAHARA. "Development of Parallelized Idealized Explicit FEM Using GPU." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 31, no. 1 (2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.31.23.

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Hama, Takayuki, Motoo Asakawa, Hiroshi Fukiharu, and Akitake Makinouchi. "Simulation of Hammering Hydroforming by Static Explicit FEM." ISIJ International 44, no. 1 (2004): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.44.123.

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Shahbeyk, Sharif, Mohammadreza Yaghoobi, and Abolhassan Vafai. "Explicit dynamics X-FEM simulation of heterogeneous materials." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 56 (September 2012): 52–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2012.02.010.

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Jiang, Chen, Xu Han, Zhi-Qian Zhang, G. R. Liu, and Guang-Jun Gao. "A Locking-Free Face-Based S-FEM via Averaging Nodal Pressure using 4-Nodes Tetrahedrons for 3D Explicit Dynamics and Quasi-statics." International Journal of Computational Methods 15, no. 06 (2018): 1850043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218500433.

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A locking-free face-based S-FEM, combined with the Averaging Nodal Pressure (ANP) technique, is proposed to solve explicit dynamics of geometric nonlinear nearly-incompressible solids, using simplest linear tetrahedral elements (FS-FEM/ANP-T4). An explicit Adaptive Dynamic Relaxation (ADR) technique is also implemented for the analysis of quasi-static problems. Our studies have found that the proposed method has better accuracy and convergence compared to the standard FEM with ANP (FEM/ANP) and previous selective face-based and Node-based S-FEM (FS/NS-FEM). With the ADR, proposed method can reach the nonlinear quasi-static response much faster than the conventional explicit dynamic relaxation. No temporal instability is observed in FS-FEM/ANP-T4 in large deformation case. In addition, FS-FEM/ANP-T4 also equips the robustness against mesh distortion as FS/NS-FEM but uses less computational time. It has also been applied to solve a practical 3D problem, a rubber hanger for the car exhaust system. FS-FEM/ANP-T4 can be considered as an excellent numerical method other than FS/NS-FEM for simulating rubber-like materials.

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Tang, S., S. Qin, and R. O. Weber. "Numerical studies on 2-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 35, no. 2 (1993): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000009140.

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AbstractVarious initial and boundary value problems for a 2-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation are studied numerically by an explicit Finite Difference Method (FDM), a Galerkin and a Petrov-Galerkin Finite Element Method (FEM). The results not only show the transition processes from different local initial disturbances to quasitravelling waves, but also demonstrate the long term behaviour of the solutions, which is determined by the system itself and does not depend on the details of the initial disturbances.

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Дисертації з теми "Explicite FEM"

Rallo, Ayerbe Marta. "Impact sur structure composite sandwich architecturée : application aux pales d'avions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES088.

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La sécurité constitue un aspect essentiel au développement des pièces et assemblages aéronautiques. Pour un avion à hélices, les pales assurent la propulsion de l'appareil, et garantissent sa portance. Elles sont essentielles. C'est pourquoi des essais de certification à l'impact oiseau sont nécessaires afin de garantir la capacité de l'avion à se poser en mode dégradé. Ces essais ont lieu à la fin de la phase de développement. Une caractérisation du comportement à l'impact en amont est nécessaire afin d'éviter d'éventuels coûts supplémentaires liés aux mauvais résultats de ces tests Les pales d'avion étudiées sont des structures composites sandwiches complexes, composées d'une âme en mousse polymère et de plusieurs couches parmi lesquelles on trouve des tresses composites, des plis composites unidirectionnels, de la mousse polymère, des renforts métalliques, des interfaces collées et autres constituants spécifiques (protection foudre, peinture...). De nombreux matériaux sont donc à considérer pour l'étape de caractérisation. A cela s'ajoute la conciliation de phénomènes à des échelles microscopiques et macroscopiques. Le travail de recherche s'attachera dans un premier temps à comprendre et à caractériser les phénomènes d'endommagement dans les conditions de certification d'impact oiseau. Cette première étape doit permettre de hiérarchiser les phénomènes physiques afin de guider le développement d'un modèle de pré-dimensionnement. Dans un second temps, une campagne d'essais de caractérisation sera menée sur les éléments constitutifs de la pale pour alimenter le modèle. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, des essais sur une éprouvette représentative d'un tronçon de pale seront menés ainsi qu'une étude de sensibilité pour mettre en évidence la capacité du modèle à représenter le phénomène étudié Safety is a crucial aspect in the development of aeronautical parts and assemblies. For a propeller aircraft, the blades ensure the propulsion of the aircraft and guarantee its lift. They are essential. This is why bird strike certification tests are necessary to ensure the aircraft's ability to land in a degraded mode. These tests take place at the end of the development phase. An upstream characterization of impact behavior is necessary to avoid potential additional costs associated with poor test results. The aircraft blades studied are complex sandwich composite structures, consisting of a polymer foam core and several layers, including composite braids, unidirectional composite plies, polymer foam, metallic reinforcements, bonded interfaces, and other specific components (lightning protection, paint, etc.). Therefore, numerous materials need to be considered during the characterization phase. Additionally, it is necessary to reconcile phenomena at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. The research work will initially focus on understanding and characterizing damage phenomena under bird strike certification conditions. This first step should allow the prioritization of physical phenomena to guide the development of a preliminary sizing model. In the second phase, a characterization test campaign will be conducted on the constituent elements of the blade to feed the model. Finally, in the third phase, tests on a representative specimen of a blade section will be conducted, as well as a sensitivity study to highlight the model's ability to represent the studied phenomenon

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Banihashemi, Seyed Parsa. "Parallel explicit FEM algorithms using GPU's." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54391.

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The Explicit Finite Element Method is a powerful tool in nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis. Recent major developments in computational devices, in particular, General Purpose Graphical Processing Units (GPGPU's) now make it possible to increase the performance of the explicit FEM. This dissertation investigates existing explicit finite element method algorithms which are then redesigned for GPU's and implemented. The performance of these algorithms is assessed and a new asynchronous variational integrator spatial decomposition (AVISD) algorithm is developed which is flexible and encompasses all other methods and can be tuned based for a user-defined problem and the performance of the user's computer. The mesh-aware performance of the proposed explicit finite element algorithm is studied and verified by implementation. The current research also introduces the use of a Particle Swarm Optimization method to tune the performance of the proposed algorithm automatically given a finite element mesh and the performance characteristics of a user's computer. For this purpose, a time performance model is developed which depends on the finite element mesh and the machine performance. This time performance model is then used as an objective function to minimize the run-time cost. Also, based on the performance model provided in this research and predictions about the changes in GPU's in the near future, the performance of the AVISD method is predicted for future machines. Finally, suggestions and insights based on these results are proposed to help facilitate future explicit FEM development.

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Vražina, Lukáš. "Parametrická studie absorpčního prvku zadní části vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241228.

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In 1995 was published a regulation from RCAR company which determines rules for crash tests in maximum speed of 15 km/h on vehicles lighter than 2,5 ton. The main reason was to reduce costs for car reparation in case of crash in low speed. My diploma thesis is focused on the modifications of deformation part in the car alias absorption part of the vehicle. In the first part of my diploma thesis has been done a research about organisations doing basic car crashes as well as topic focused on nonlinear mechanics and description of explicit FEM. In the second part of my work are settled conditions for crash simulation of a barrier into the car. There is an evaluation of critical force on the stringer. Afterwards the calculating simulation simplified on loading of absorption part and there are some material and form adjustments. In the final part of my diploma thesis is done a result comparison and development of the absorption part.

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Kyrre, Anette Wester. "Quasi-static Analyses of Slender Structures with Complex Cross-Sections using Explicit FEM Codes." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23661.

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It has previously been done analyses to find global stiffness values of an umbilical cable, with mixed results or no results at all when subjected to bending. There have also been difficulties in finding a distinct stick-slip point during bending. In this thesis, several models have been examined to get a step closer to resolve these particular issues. To begin with, a very simple flexible cable has been tested to see if the program ANSYS LS-Dyna can provide good global stiffness values, then of course with the use of an explicit scheme. When this first analysis gave good results, it was possible to conclude that the program could handle analyzing long slender structures with good accuracy. Further it was also developed a model with the aim of predicting the stick-slip phenomenon during bending. Results from this model could imply that there existed a stick-slip point, only a short time after the bending started. Finally, a last model was developed, including two armour layers wound around a cover of polyethylene. Other analyses have had problems with the behavior of the tendons during bending, that is they have been spreading, and not been following a loxodromic curve. Different cable lengths were tested, showing relative good results for the axial- and bending stiffness, but not so good results for the torsional stiffness. In addition to be able to develop models that could give realistic global stiffness values, focus have been on reducing the CPU time as much as possible. Therefore, much time has been spent on modeling the models right, and choosing the right path and length of loading.

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Rek, Václav. "Využití paralelizace při numerickém řešení úloh nelineární dynamiky." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392279.

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The main aim of this thesis is the exploration of the potential use of the parallelism of numerical computations in the field of nonlinear dynamics. In the last decade the dramatic onset of multicore and multi-processor systems in combination with the possibilities which now provide modern computer networks has risen. The complexity and size of the investigated models are constantly increasing due to the high computational complexity of computational tasks in dynamics and statics of structures, mainly because of the nonlinear character of the solved models. Any possibility to speed up such calculation procedures is more than desirable. This is a relatively new branch of science, therefore specific algorithms and parallel implementation are still in the stage of research and development which is attributed to the latest advances in computer hardware, which is growing rapidly. More questions are raised on how best to utilize the available computing power. The proposed parallel model is based on the explicit form of the finite element method, which naturaly provides the possibility of efficient parallelization. The possibilities of multicore processors, as well as parallel hybrid model combining both the possibilities of multicore processors, and the form of the parallelism on a computer network are investigated. The designed approaches are then examined in addressing of the numerical analysis regarding contact/impact phenomena of shell structures.

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Wahlström, Catarina, and Gustaf Sellin. "Den dolda kompetensen : en longitudinell undersökning mellan åren 2007 - 2009 av fem gotländska småföretag." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-100.

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In this thesis we will discuss the importance of human resource development in smaller companies and if it will change from when the Swedish economy was in an economic boom and later on came to be in a recession. We choose to use a more qualitative approach for this research in order to conduct a more in-depth study of five smaller sized companies located on Gotland, Sweden. In order to limit our research we had as an ambition to answer these following questions:• What obstacles are there when it comes to human resource development and knowledge transference within smaller sized companies?• What can simplify or enable human resource development and knowledge transference within smaller sized companies?• Does the teaching process change to a more tacit human resource development between co-workers when there is less room for conventional human resource development?The result of the research came to show that the biggest barrier, when it comes to competence development within smaller companies, is time. However, our research also showed that a majority of the companies has changed from a more external educational plan to a more internal educational plan which focuses on keeping the human resource development within the company. This in turn makes it easier for the companies to manage time and integrate the learning process into a usual workday for employees.

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Hermansson, Michaela. "Är explicit undervisning nyckeln till ökad läsförståelse? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om hur fem lärare i F–3 beskriver sin undervisning i läsförståelse och lässtrategier." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21495.

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Resultaten av de senaste PIRLS-undersökningarna visar att svenska elevers läsförståelse har försämrats under senare år. Enligt forskning bör undervisningen vara inriktad på lässtrategier för att elever ska utveckla läsförståelse. För att eleverna ska lära sig använda olika lässtrategier självständigt när de tolkar text och skapar mening behöver de undervisas explicit. Undervisningen bör vara strukturerad och varierad samtidigt som läraren stöttar eleverna och anpassar undervisningen efter deras individuella behov. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur lärare i F–3 undervisar i läsförståelse och lässtrategier för att se vilka förtjänster och brister som finns. Studiens metod är kvalitativ och för att samla in material har fem halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med fem verksamma lärare, fyra klasslärare och en specialpedagog, fördelade på fyra olika skolor. Resultaten visar att lärare använder sig av olika undervisningsmetoder när de undervisar i läsförståelse, såsom en läsande klass, think-aloud, cirkelmodellen och Chambers modell för boksamtal. Det som tycks genomsyra lärarnas undervisning i läsförståelse är kommunikation, vilket är nära sammankopplat med studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt, det sociokulturella perspektivet. Enligt lärarna samtalar de mycket med eleverna om texter, och de verkar försöka anpassa undervisningen efter elevernas individuella behov genom att välja texter som eleverna har förkunskaper i och om. När de undervisar explicit tycks lärarna diskutera olika lässtrategiers nyttoanvändning genom att samtala om hur och varför olika lässtrategier är lämpliga att använda i olika sammanhang. Enligt lärarna erbjuds eleverna undervisning i olika gruppkonstellationer såsom arbete i helklass, halvklass, mindre grupper, parvis och enskilt. Lärarna tycks vara tydliga i sin undervisning för att eleverna ska bli medvetna om i vilket syfte de ska läsa. Svenska

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Raffai, Peter. "Vytvoření a validace výpočtového FEM modelu kliky dveří pro crashové výpočty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230249.

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The aim of this master’s thesis was to create a component model of a door handle stiffener used by the Volkswagen concern, which can be used for crash computations. Also to tune its parameters the way, its behavior corresponds the most to the real part’s. In the theoretical part the current regulations of the Euro NCAP are presented, concerning the testing and evaluation of the passive safety of new vehicles. Attention is focused on the evaluation of the side impact barrier tests, where the effect of the door handle stiffener’s damage is reflected the most. Shown are the reasons for the effort to simulate the real behavior of the stiffener, the factors, which initialized the born of the studied problem. The practical part starts with the creation of the FEM mesh of the part based on its 3D CAD model, also describes the requirements for the mesh quality, as well as the used tools and methods. Further on investigated are the characters of real damages of the door handle area during side impacts, based on which the component tests are proposed for the validation of the simulation model. Experimental research consists of the stiffener’s testing for simple bend and twist loads, three specimens each. After the execution of the tests the results get compared with the corresponding simulations. Modifications are made on the model according to the acquired results: refinement of the FEM mesh, new material model usage with failure for shell elements and definition of real material characteristics for the used thermoplastics. The latest obtained simulation dependencies are compared with the measured values again, the results are evaluated at last.

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Nedělka, Pavel. "Deformační a napjatostní analýza nárazníkové částí automobilu při rázovém zatěžování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229650.

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The master thesis deals with a stress-strain analysis of the front crash structure of a race car by using the finite element method. The structure is loaded by an impact loading. This type of analysis belongs to the transient analysis so the explicit formulation of the finite element method is used. The LS-DYNA software was used for calculations. The goal of this thesis is to express the influence of the crash structure to the change of the car's kinetic energy as well as the amount of absorbed energy in case of frontal impact.

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Vaněčková, Adéla. "Implicitní a explicitní metoda v nelineární dynamice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265572.

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The final thesis „Explicit and Implicit methods in nonlinear dynamics“ deals with the issue of geometrical and physical nonlinear analysis of structures exposed to seismic loading by the methods of direct integration of equations of motion. Solution by the explicit and the implicit method is compared for three material models. While the differences between the results of the explicit method and the implicit Newmark method are small as expected, the differences are substantial between the results of different material models. However, these differences are explained and they are in full concordance with the theoretical assumptions for the pertinent material models. The conclusion of the final thesis is check of correctness of the results of the new module of the program system RFEM for both tested numerical methods and all three analyzed material models. (linear elastic, plastic Drucker-Prager and the Mazars damage model). With sufficient precision of results, both explicit and implicit numerical methods showed to be suitable for seismic analysis. The implicit method can provide several times faster calculation than the explicit one, but the determination of the optimal time step is problematic and time consuming, so the suitability of use of both methods for seismic analysis is comparable.

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Книги з теми "Explicite FEM"

Bianchi, Marco. Galileo in Europa La scelta del volgare e la traduzione latina del Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-450-9.

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In addition to his capital contribution to science and philosophy, Galileo is also celebrated as a master of the Italian language. The first part of the book focuses on the explicit passages in which the scientist justifies the choice of language, on the few Latin letters of his and on the coexistence of Italian and Latin in the last work (Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences). Subject of the second part is the Latin translation of the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, which was published in 1635 by Matthias Bernegger. Particular attention is given to the history of the translation and to the rendering of Galileo’s terminology, idiomatic expressions and metaphors.

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Levy, Jack S. Counterfactuals and Case Studies. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E. Brady, and David Collier. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0027.

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This article shows that counterfactuals can be used along with case studies to make inferences, although strong theories are needed for this. The article also argues that game theory is one approach that provides this kind of theory because a game explicitly models all of the actors' options including those possibilities that are not chosen. The article then indicates that any counterfactual argument requires a detailed and explicit description of the alternative antecedent which is plausible and involves a minimal rewrite of history, and suggests that one of the strengths of game theory is its explicitness about alternatives. The validity of counterfactual arguments is assessed in explaining cases or testing theoretical propositions. Counterfactuals should change as few aspects of the real world as possible in order to isolate their causal effects.

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Dunfee, Thomas W. Stakeholder Theory. Edited by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon, and Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0015.

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This article provides a basic understanding of stakeholder thinking, arguably one of the very few theoretical frameworks generated by the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature itself, to explore the management challenges of CSR. It considers the role of the stakeholder concept in helping managers make decisions allocating spending on discretionary social responsibility. Here, the focus is on CSR defined as discretionary spending in furtherance of an explicit measurable social objective consistent with relevant social norms and laws. This article introduces the concept of discretionary corporate social responsibility (dCSR) which involves voluntary spending on explicit social objectives consistent with societal expectations. The dCSR concept is justified as a proper and legitimate business investment based on supportive social political norms and supportive laws in most developed countries.

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Rajeev, S. G. Finite Difference Methods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805021.003.0014.

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This chapter offers a peek at the vast literature on numerical methods for partial differential equations. The focus is on finite difference methods (FDM): approximating differential operators by functions of difference operators. Padé approximants (Fornberg) give a unifying principle for deriving the various stencils used by numericists. Boundary value problems for the Poisson equation and initial value problems for the diffusion equation are solved using FDM. Numerical instability of explicit schemes are explained physically and implicit schemes introduced. A discrete version of theClebsch formulation of incompressible Euler equations is proposed. The chapter concludes with the radial basis function method and its application to a discrete version of the Lagrangian formulation of Navier–Stokes.

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Witten, Edward, Martin Bridson, Helmut Hofer, Marc Lackenby, and Rahul Pandharipande. Lectures on Geometry. Edited by N. M. J. Woodhouse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784913.001.0001.

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This volume contains a collection of papers based on lectures delivered by distinguished mathematicians at Clay Mathematics Institute events over the past few years. Although not explicitly linked, the topics in this volume have a common flavour and a common appeal to all who are interested in recent developments in geometry. They are intended to be accessible to all who work in this general area, regardless of their own particular research interests.

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Hargreaves, Ian. Introduction: waiting for the endgame. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199686872.003.0001.

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In the first few years of the 21st century, the digital ‘communications revolution’ provided entirely new global platforms capable of delivering online news, in all media. The ‘Introduction’ explains the difficulties associated with such changes. Can journalists be trusted? We need competing cultures of ownership and practice if our news media are to be truly diverse and widely trusted. We need journalism that does not seek power on its own account, but which has the explicit goal of empowering others. Journalism’s job is to provide the information and argument that enable societies to establish facts, to work through disagreements, to test moral boundaries, and to know their priorities.

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Marcus, Laura. 8. Autobiographies, autobiographical novels, and autofictions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199669240.003.0009.

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Few of the great modernist writers produced explicit or fully fledged autobiographies, but the expansion of the ‘life-writing’ category has made visible the prevalence of autobiographical novels, including works by Katherine Mansfield, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, Dorothy Richardson, and Virginia Woolf. ‘Autobiographies, autobiographical novels, and autofictions’ explains that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries there was an increasingly ‘aesthetic’ approach to autobiography. New genres arose that blended life-writing and fiction, such as the personal essay, the ‘imaginary portrait’, and novels which incorporated authentic letters and journal entries. Since the 1980s, it is argued, the novel has been eclipsed by autobiographical narrative, reversing the earlier sense that autobiographical writing was of secondary importance.

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Nikoletta, Kleftouri. 7 The UK Deposit Insurance Framework. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743057.003.0007.

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The Financial Services Compensation Scheme, the UK’s deposit insurer, has been subject to a broad overhaul during the last few years. This chapter divides these regulatory developments into three phases: (a) the creation of the first explicit deposit protection scheme; (b) the series of reforms that took place in 2000 and the creation of the FSCS as a single protection scheme for financial institutions; and (c) the post-2007 era during which main changes include the creation of the Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial Conduct Authority as two separate regulators, and further strengthening of deposit insurance arrangements. The chapter concludes that key deposit insurance design reforms are still missing from the UK regime.

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Chiang, Connie Y. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842062.003.0001.

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While many scholars and commentators have written about the Japanese American incarceration, few have adopted an explicit environmental focus. The introduction explains why using an environmental lens is important to understanding this notorious episode in US history. Environmental history examines how the environment influenced humans and how humans interacted with and transformed the natural world. Nature Behind Barbed Wire applies this approach and demonstrates that the Japanese American incarceration was an environmental process that was connected to the lands and waters of the Pacific Coast and the camps in the inland American West. The introduction also suggests that the incarceration was part of a longer history of Japanese American exclusion and discrimination.

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Wodak, Ruth. The Radical Right and Antisemitism. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.4.

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This chapter considers the question of whether antisemitism today should be regarded as a genuine structural feature of contemporary society or rather as a relic of an old but now overcome European ideology. It begins by providing some working definitions of the most prominent forms of current expressions of antisemitism. It then describes some relevant antisemitic stereotypes as well as related strategies of denial. It summarizes the few existing opinion polls oriented toward right-wing populism that correlate with antisemitism. Finally, it presents two typical manifestations of antisemitism from right-wing populist parties, analyzed in a qualitative discourse-analytical way, to illustrate explicit as well as coded manifestations recurring across Europe (and beyond).

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Частини книг з теми "Explicite FEM"

Bhandarkar, Milind A., and Laxmikant V. Kalé. "A Parallel Framework for Explicit FEM." In High Performance Computing — HiPC 2000. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44467-x_35.

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Clement, T. "Data reification without explicit abstraction functions." In FME'96: Industrial Benefit and Advances in Formal Methods. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60973-3_88.

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Christakis, Maria, Peter Müller, and Valentin Wüstholz. "Collaborative Verification and Testing with Explicit Assumptions." In FM 2012: Formal Methods. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32759-9_13.

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Menouillard, T., N. Moës, and A. Combescure. "An optimal explicit time stepping scheme for cracks modeled with X-FEM." In IUTAM Symposium on Discretization Methods for Evolving Discontinuities. Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6530-9_16.

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Ta, Quang-Trung, Ton Chanh Le, Siau-Cheng Khoo, and Wei-Ngan Chin. "Automated Mutual Explicit Induction Proof in Separation Logic." In FM 2016: Formal Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48989-6_40.

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Wijs, Anton, Thomas Neele, and Dragan Bošnački. "GPUexplore 2.0: Unleashing GPU Explicit-State Model Checking." In FM 2016: Formal Methods. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48989-6_42.

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Lekala, M. L., M. Braun, and S. A. Sofianos. "Three-Body Bound State Calculations Without Explicit Partial Wave Decomposition." In Few-Body Problems in Physics ’02. Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6728-1_52.

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Nemura, H., Y. Akaishi, and Y. Suzuki. "Five-Body Calculation of Λ 5 He with Explicit Σ Admixture." In Few-Body Problems in Physics ’02. Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6728-1_64.

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Geller, S., S. Kollmannsberger, M. El Bettah, et al. "An Explicit Model for Three-Dimensional Fluid-Structure Interaction using LBM and p-FEM." In Fluid Structure Interaction II. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14206-2_11.

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Pawar, Pravin, Raj Ballav, and Amaresh Kumar. "FEM Analysis of Different Materials Based on Explicit Dynamics ANSYS in Electrochemical Discharge Machine." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8518-5_9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Explicite FEM"

Adams, Matthew J., Anne K. Silverman, and Cameron J. Turner. "Pseudo Elimination of Geometry Dependence in Surrogate Models of Distributed Knee Loads From an Explicit Dynamic Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47850.

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The premise of a total knee replacement (TKR) is to alleviate pain and increase joint mobility. The expected 20 year life span of the knee insert exceeds that of the standard patient given traditional wear and tear. With more active lifestyles, greater wear rates and shorter life spans are predicted for tibial inserts. Greater wear rates increase the probability that a patient will require additional surgery later in life. This research provides a knee loading model to estimate the pressure loading distribution through Finite Element Modeling (FEM). The publicly available patient data was used to eliminate the geometry dependence in a surrogate model of distributed knee loads from an explicit Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The developed method based upon FEM and FEA, produced two notable results. The secondary results showed the FEM accurately estimated the medial and lateral contact forces during the stance phase. However, the primary result was that the surrogate model successfully interpolated the contact surface forces using results from the FEA without requiring any knowledge of the geometry of the contact surfaces.

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Lee, Yoonhee, Nam Zin Cho, and Sun Kyo Chung. "Single-Channel Thermal Analysis of Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated Fuel via Two-Temperature Homogenized Model." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30072.

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The fully ceramic microencapsulated (FCM) fuel, one of the accident tolerant fuel (ATF) concepts, consists of TRISO particles randomly dispersed in SiC matrix. This high heterogeneity in compositions leads to difficulty in explicit thermal calculation of such a fuel. For thermal analysis of a fuel element in very high temperature reactors (VHTRs) which has a similar configuration to the FCM fuel, a two-temperature homogenized model was proposed by the authors. The model was developed using particle transport Monte Carlo method for heat conduction problems. It gives more realistic temperature profiles and provides the fuel-kernel and graphite temperatures separately. In this paper, we apply the two-temperature homogenized model to single-channel thermal analysis of the FCM fuel element for steady- and transient-states using 2-D FEM/1-D FDM hybrid method. The results of analyses are compared to those of conventional UO2 fuel having the same geometric dimension and operating conditions.

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Maeda, Y., S. Ogata, D. Fukuda, T. Inui, H. Yasuhara, and K. Kishida. "A Framework of Coupled Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical Analysis for Simulating Hydraulic Fracturing Based on Explicit and Implicit Methods." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0759.

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ABSTRACT To design an engineered/enhanced geothermal system (EGS) efficiently, it is essential to develop a coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) simulator, that can track the hydraulic fracturing processes within the rocks including the fracture initiation/propagation and local heat non-equilibrium in the fractures driven by cold injection water or thermal-fluid flow along the fracture surfaces. To realistically capture the coupled THM processes that are sensitive to the presence of rock fractures, a coupled simulator should be based on an analysis method that can insert the explicit fracture surfaces into the computational domain. Currently, as one of such simulators, the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM), which integrates the continuum and discontinuum analysis methods, has been attracting attention. However, FDEM is formulated in the explicit methods and requires extremely small time increment, and it should bring about a difficulty in computing the time-dependent thermal-fluid flow within the rocks corresponding to realistic time scales expected in hydraulic fracturing process at the actual fields. In this study, a novel hydraulic fracturing simulator is developed, capable of application across a wide range of time scales. The simulator employs FDEM based on the explicit methods to solve the mechanical fracturing process and FEM based on the implicit methods, enabling the use of comparatively larger time steps, to solve the thermal-hydraulic process. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed simulator is verified through the numerical experiment for laboratory-scale hydraulic fracturing. INTRODUCTION In recent years, a development of an engineered/enhanced geothermal system (EGS) has received significant attention as a promising technology for advancing geothermal power generation. For the efficient design of EGS, a detailed understanding of the hydraulic fracturing process including artificially creating and expanding geothermal reservoirs in deep hot dry rock (HDR) is essential. To achieve the above, it is necessary to develop a coupled Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical (THM) simulator that can track the fracture initiation induced by fluid injection into rock mass, the fracture propagation related to the thermal-fluid flow along the fracture surface, and local heat non-equilibrium between the fracture and rock matrix due to temperature reduction caused by a flow of cold injection water. To accurately simulate such phenomena driven by thermal-fluid flow along fractures, an analysis method that can explicitly model fracture surfaces is desirable, and several numerical approaches have been developed (e.g., Wang (2016), Liu et al. (2020)). However, because most of them are formulated the implicit method, which makes it difficult to obtain the calculation convergence for the complex and rapid fracturing processes (e.g. fracture intersections and unstable fracture growth). As a solution to this problem, the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM) (Munjiza (2004)) has attracted significant attention, which is based on the explicit method and integrates continuum-based and discontinuum-based methods, i.e., Finite Element Method (FEM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM). FDEM based on the explicit method can stably solve the complex and rapid fracturing process, which are difficult to deal with in the implicit method and has already applied to hydraulic fracturing analysis (e.g., Lisjak et al. (2014), Yan and Zheng (2016)). However, FDEM formulated in the explicit method, requires extremely small time increment compared to the implicit method. Therefore, it is difficult for FDEM to track the thermal-fluid flow process, which is the main driving force of cracking during the hydraulic fracturing, on realistic time scales. According to previous laboratory-scale and in-situ tests (e.g., Kumari et al. (2018), Hayashi and Ito (1993)), hydraulic fracturing processes at the actual fields should be considered on a time scale of at least several tens of seconds. However, previous hydraulic fracturing FDEM simulators could only calculate for much shorter than 1 second (e.g., Lisjak et al. (2014), Yan and Zheng (2016)).

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Kondo, Teruyuki, and Yoshihide Ito. "Predicting Ride Comfort on Seat Using Explicit FEM Code." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0779.

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Kabir, M. A., C. F. Higgs, M. R. Lovell, V. Jasti, and M. C. Marinack. "Explicit Finite Element Simulation of Granular Flow in an Annular Shear Cell." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15215.

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Explicit finite element method modeling of granular flow behavior in an annular shear cell has been studied and presented in this paper. The explicit finite element method (FEM) simulations of granular flow in an annular shear cell with around 1633 particles were performed, where the inner wheel rotated at a very high speed and the outer disk remained stationary. The material properties of the particles and the outer wheel were defined as elastic steel whereas the inner wheel was elastic aluminum. In this investigation, the explicit FEM model mimicked granular flow in an experimental set up where the inner wheel was rotated at a speed of 240 rpm. The FEM results for shearing motion and solid fraction were compared with experimental results from a granular shear cell.

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HOMRANI, Mohamed Khalil. "Comparison between ALE and Lagrangian finite element formulations to simulate tensile loading for FDM parts." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-16.

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Abstract. Material Extrusion (MEX) and by extension Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a popular Additive Manufacturing (AM) process used to fabricate complex parts. FDM as of recent is no longer solely utilized for prototyping parts but also used for producing functional components in industrial and research applications. The investigation of material properties of these FDM parts by experimental means is a time-consuming task. Therefore, the use of numerical simulation methods is highly required. Since 1993, various Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models are found in literature attempting to effectively simulate FDM parts utilizing many formulations, each with their pros and cons. The present study aims to compare Lagrangian and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) finite element formulations in simulating tensile loading for FDM parts. The efficiency and precision of the aforementioned methods is evaluated in the numerical simulation of the tensile loading of an ASTM D638 standard geometry ABS specimen utilizing both ABAQUS/Explicit and ABAQUS/Standard. Utilizing a paper from the literature for experimental validation, this study additionally provides insight into explicit and implicit models’ computational efficiency, focusing on the advantages of explicit models for this application. The effects of mesh element type and size on results are also studied for each method. Based on these results, some useful guidelines for selecting the most suitable model of tensile loaded FDM parts are presented.

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Shibahara, Masakazu, Shinsuke Itoh, Takashi Okada, Kazuki Ikushima, and Satoru Nishikawa. "Prediction of Residual Stress in Multi-Pass Welded Joint Using Idealized Explicit FEM." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78357.

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Heavy thick steel plate is used for pipes and also ship structures, and multi-pass welding is usually adopted for the welding. Because of the heavy thickness, residual stress plays an important role, particularly in crack propagation. Implicit Finite Element Method (FEM) is often used as a welding analysis method to examine the residual stress of the welded plate, but it is not easily applied to multi-pass welding problems with tens of thousands of degrees of freedom, because of the huge computational time and memory consumption. Alternatively, it is possible to simulate the residual stress in shorter time with lower memory consumption by using Idealized Explicit Finite Element Method developed by the authors. Moreover, the computational time can be shortened by using Idealized Explicit FEM using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). In this research, Idealized Explicit FEM parallelized using a GPU is applied to the analysis of the residual stresses of the multi-pass welding joint of a pipe structure made of heavy thick steel plate. As the result, the residual stress simulated by the Idealized Explicit FEM corresponds to the measured residual stress. Furthermore, it is found that the grouping method may affect to the residual stress distribution.

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Marais, N., and D. B. Davidson. "Validating a high-order time domain hybrid implicit/explicit FEM implementation." In 2009 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2009.5297423.

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Anjos, Gustavo R., Norberto Mangiavacchi, Jose Pontes, and John Thome. "ALE-FEM for Two-Phase Flows With Heat and Mass Transfer in Microchannels." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48441.

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A numerical method is described to study two-phase flows for single and multiple bubbles with phase change. The fluid flow equations are based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation (ALE) and the Finite Element Method (FEM), creating a new two-phase method with an improved model for the liquid-gas interface in microchannels. A successful adaptive mesh update procedure is also described for effective management of the mesh at the two-phase interface to remove, add and repair surface elements, since the computational mesh nodes move according to the flow. The Lagrangian description explicitly defines the two-phase interface position by a set of interconnected nodes which ensures a sharp representation of the boundary, including the role of the surface tension. The methodology proposed for computing the curvature leads to accurate results with moderate programming effort and computational cost and it can also be applied to different configurations with an explicit description of the interface. Such a methodology can be employed to study accurately many problems such as oil extraction and refinement in the petroleum area, design of refrigeration systems, modelling of biological systems and efficient cooling of electronics for computational purposes, being the latter the aim of this research. The obtained numerical results will be described, therefore proving the capability of the proposed new methodology.

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Ikushima, Kazuki, Shinsuke Itoh, and Masakazu Shibahara. "Development of Ultra Large Scale Computation for Transient Welding Deformation and Stress Using Idealized Explicit FEM Accelerated by GPU." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78354.

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Numerical simulations such as Finite Element Method (FEM) are widely used as tool of structural analyses in both design and production. However, in the application of FEM to welding problems, the simulation scale is usually limited to the welding joint level. Only a few large-scale welding analyses are performed on existing research because welding problems are transient and show strong nonlinearity. In such cases, it is necessary to use static implicit FEM to achieve an accurate analysis, but the larger analysis scale requires larger memory consumption and computing time. Thus, we previously proposed idealized explicit FEM (IEFEM) to achieve shorter computing time and lower memory consumption. Since IEFEM is based on dynamic explicit FEM, it is not needed to solve the stiffness matrix of the whole system and it is possible to analyze by only performing the calculation for each degree of freedom (DOF) and element. Such characteristic indicates that IEFEM is suitable for parallelization. Then, in this study, we developed parallelized IEFEM using a graphics processing unit (GPU). The usefulness and validity of the developed method are considered by analyzing a 3-dimensional multi-pass moving heat source problem, which is very difficult to analyze with commercial FEM software because of its analytical scale. As a result, it is found that parallelized IEFEM accelerated by a GPU can analyze a large-scale problem having over 1,000,000 DOFs on a single PC.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Explicite FEM"

Riglin, Jacob Daniel. Explicit FEA Analysis of SAVY Container Impact Angle. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1422912.

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Perez-Rivera, Anthony, Jonathan Trovillion, Peter Stynoski, and Jeffrey Ryan. Simulated barge impacts on fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) composite sandwich panels : dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) to develop force time histories to be used on experimental testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48080.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dynamic response of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite sandwich panels subjected to typical barge impact masses and velocities to develop force time histories that can be used in controlled experimental testing. Dynamic analyses were performed on FRP composite sandwich panels using the finite element method software Abaqus/Explicit. The “traction-separation” law in the Abaqus software is used to define the cohesive surface interaction properties to evaluate the damage between FRP composite laminate layers as well as the core separation within the sandwich panels. Numerical models were developed to better under-stand the damage caused by barge impacts and the effects of impacts on the dynamic response of composite structures. Force, displacement, and velocity time histories were obtained with finite element modeling for several mass and velocity cases to develop experimental testing procedures for these types of structures.

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Martinez, Monica, and Michelle Oliva. In Pursuit of Racial Equity: A Pathway for Action and Transformation in Education. EduDream, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62137/babg2923.

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This report highlights the current state of educational inequities and national efforts to address them through policy, resources, tools, and technical assistance. Based on our review of over sixty equity-centered resources, we find that few toolkits are explicitly designed for K-12 schools and districts. We make a case for practical tools and resources, such as the EET™, to support education leaders in their equity work. Finally, based on our analysis of federal efforts to advance equity and a new administration that is prioritizing racial justice, we outline immediate action steps the Biden-Harris administration can take on this matter.

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Hevia, Constantino, and Juan Pablo Nicolini. Research Insights: Do Primary Commodity Prices Account for the Fluctuations of Exchange Rates? Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004605.

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We explicitly derive a relationship between bilateral real exchange rates and primary commodity prices in a model that highlights the role of heterogeneity in production structures across countries. Fluctuations of just a few primary commodity prices account for between one third and one half of the volatility of the bilateral exchange rates of the United States against Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Once we calibrate our quantitative model with data from input-output matrices and shocks to generate the observed commodity price fluctuations, our model delivers the same volatility and persistence of real exchange rates as in the data.

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Baker, Justin S., George Van Houtven, Yongxia Cai, et al. A Hydro-Economic Methodology for the Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Valuation and Optimization of Water Resources. RTI Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0044.2105.

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Growing global water stress caused by the combined effects of growing populations, increasing economic development, and climate change elevates the importance of managing and allocating water resources in ways that are economically efficient and that account for interdependencies between food production, energy generation, and water networks—often referred to as the “food-energy-water (FEW) nexus.” To support these objectives, this report outlines a replicable hydro-economic methodology for assessing the value of water resources in alternative uses across the FEW nexus–including for agriculture, energy production, and human consumption—and maximizing the benefits of these resources through optimization analysis. The report’s goal is to define the core elements of an integrated systems-based modeling approach that is generalizable, flexible, and geographically portable for a range of FEW nexus applications. The report includes a detailed conceptual framework for assessing the economic value of water across the FEW nexus and a modeling framework that explicitly represents the connections and feedbacks between hydrologic systems (e.g., river and stream networks) and economic systems (e.g., food and energy production). The modeling components are described with examples from existing studies and applications. The report concludes with a discussion of current limitations and potential extensions of the hydro-economic methodology.

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Graft, Auralice, Nicole Haberland, and Rachel E. Goldberg. Married adolescents: A review of programmes. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1006.

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Historically, major adolescent and reproductive health initiatives have failed to explicitly consider the needs of married adolescents. This paper provides insight into what is being done—or not being done—to support married adolescent girls and boys, how these populations’ needs are being conceptualized, and the extent to which social context is factored into program design. Some early work with adolescent mothers (married and unmarried) is considered. The degree to which selected adolescent programs have been able to reach married girls with their activities is briefly examined. A few basic parameters of potential interventions for married adolescents are presented, including an inventory of current projects, to examine how, when, and at whom efforts typically are directed. Finally, three in-depth examples of recent, ongoing programs for married adolescent girls are presented.

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Allais, Stephanie, and Carmel Marock. What Problem Should Skills Solve? Interrogating Theories of Change Underpinning Strategies and Interventions in Vocational Education and Skills in LMICs. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/136.

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The aim of this paper is to understand the ‘theory of change’ underlying interventions to support vocationalisation of general education as well as vocational education and training (VET) and skills development. The focus is on interventions supported by development agencies and donors, although national policies are also considered, as the agencies work with governments and are both guided by, and influence, their priorities. The first aim is to interrogate what problem VET is seen as the answer to, and how VET is seen to solve that problem (their theory of change). The second aim is to understand the extent to which, and ways in which, vocationalising education is supported and VET favoured, as compared to other components of the education system such as early childhood development, early primary education, or university expansion, as an educational intervention. We found that while some organisations have explicit theories of change—generally multiple theories of change addressing different aspects of the overarching system—many are currently in the process of developing these theories of change. A few state that they do not have a theory of change but rather focus on the development of targets for different components of the system.

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Megersa, Kelbesa. Financial Inclusion in a Refugee Response. Institute of Development Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.122.

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The growing scope, frequency, and complexity of forced displacement, both inside and outside of countries, has pushed donors and other development groups to rethink their approaches to humanitarian crises, particularly on refugee response. Financial inclusion is widely regarded as a particularly critical tool that development organisations can employ to mitigate the catastrophic impact of humanitarian crises on refugees. Financial inclusion would provide a wide range of financial products – such as savings, remittances, loans, and insurance – to both refugees and citizens of host countries, which are critical for disadvantaged populations seeking to mitigate shocks, acquire assets, and support local economic development. Changes in how humanitarian aid is distributed are opening the path for greater financial inclusion. Donors and humanitarian organisations are shifting away from emergency cash transfers and toward digital payments via electronic cards. This opens new opportunities to connect refugees and displaced people to a bigger pool of financial services. This rapid literature review summarises the available evidence on toolkits that assist the response by humanitarian and development agencies to financial inclusion of refugees. In addition to the documents defined explicitly as “toolkits”, it also includes reports and online articles which contain useful guidance, since there were few “toolkits” available. Generally, there is lack of resources that directly address the query, i.e., “financial inclusion” in a “refugee response” context. Although there is a growing literature and evidence on the financial inclusion theme, much of it does not directly relate to refugees. Furthermore, most guidance notes and toolkits prepared for refugee response by humanitarian/development agencies do not directly and explicitly deal with financial inclusion, but rather focus on operational and programming issues of wider relief responses. The review is presented as an annotated bibliography format and includes toolkits, guidance notes, technical reports, and online articles by humanitarian and international development agencies.

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Haider, Huma. Education, Conflict, and Stability in South Sudan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.129.

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This Emerging Issues Report explores the relationship between education, conflict, and (in)stability in South Sudan, drawing on a wide range of academic, policy, and programming literature. There is a growing body of research on the ways in which education can both exacerbate conflict and contribute to peace. The 4Rs framework (focusing on aspects of Redistribution, Recognition, Representation, and Reconciliation) provides a holistic way to explore and address the education system’s relationship to economic, social, cultural and political development processes; and its role in producing or exacerbating inequalities that fuel grievances and ultimately conflict (Novelli et al., 2019, 2016). The 4Rs framework is adopted throughout this report, at the start of each main section, providing summaries of key issues in the delivery of education and outcomes in South Sudan. These summaries are also presented in this overview. The report also looks at the interaction of donor interventions in education with conflict and stability in South Sudan, focusing on the Girls’ Education South Sudan (GESS) programme (see below), but also drawing on a few other interventions. While there is a range of donor reports and other literature that outline and discuss these initiatives and their impacts, there is limited research that makes explicit connections to their interactions with conflict and (in)stability.

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Megersa, Kelbesa. Strengths and Weaknesses of INGOs in Delivering Development Outcomes. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.090.

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Compared to smaller or local NGOs, international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) have more influence or “voice” with decision-makers, funding agencies, and policymakers. As a result, INGOs are often better positioned to impact both domestic and international policy (Kreienkamp, 2017; Cooper, 2018; Morton, n.d.).This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the strengths and weaknesses of INGOs in delivering development and other outcomes?INGOs offer local CSOs valuable capacity-building opportunities as well as exposure to a broader range of expertise and development approaches. Many local CSOs see INGOs as a well-established and important part of the development industry. They collaborate with INGOs on funding or partnership arrangements, as well as non-funding collaborative approaches like knowledge and practice networks, or policy dialogue with governments, donors, or the private sector (Morton, n.d.; Jayawickrama and McCullagh, 2009; Green, 2015). Nonetheless, despite the unique contributions made by INGOs (and their peculiar characteristics that enable them to do so), these organisations have limitations that prevent them from reaching their full potential (Green, 2017; Jayawickrama and McCullagh, 2009; Cooper, 2018; Altahir, 2013).These include accountability,difficult working environment and coordination challenges among others explained in this report.Although this rapid evidence review has identified some key strengths and weaknesses of INGOs (i.e., in relation to their development or humanitarian work), many of the important findings are linked to a few relevant reports. Overall, there is a limited evidence base on the topic – since the literature rarely provides systematic and explicit documentation of the strengths/weaknesses of INGOs. Nonetheless, there is a voluminous literature (mostly project reports) on the works of individual INGOs.

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