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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Extraction for solvent"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Extraction for solvent"

Roy, J. L., and W. B. McGill. "Flexible conformation in organic matter coatings: An hypothesis about soil water repellency." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-093.

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Анотація:

Some soils develop severe water repellency several years or decades following oil contamination. We previously reported that soil water repellency is completely eliminated by extraction with amphiphilic solvents, but barely reduced by extraction with nonpolar solvents. We report here on solvent-induced reversible soil water repellency. Our results indicate that: (i) water repellency is completely eliminated following extraction with amphiphilic solvent, but partially restored following subsequent exposure to nonpolar, non-H-bonding solvent; (ii) extraction with nonpolar, non-H-bonding solvent generates water repellency in readily wettable control wettable soils, but not in pristine wettable soils, and (iii) repeated sequential extractions alternating between amphiphilic and nonpolar, non-H-bonding solvent increase extractable material and reduce the magnitude of solvent-induced soil water repellency with time.We attribute reversible soil water repellency to solvent-induced changes in the conformation of causative agents of soil water repellency. Recent literature reports on the structural flexibility of "insoluble" organic macromolecules are discussed for supporting evidence. We propose that exposure to nonpolar, non-H-bonding solvents induces stretching of surface-exposed, nonpolar moieties (i.e. alkyl chains), whereas exposure to polar, H-bonding solvents induces their coiling. These solvent-induced conformational changes are retained upon solvent removal. Our results indicate that the wettability of oil-contaminated soils depends on both the interfacial conformation and the fractional coverage of their surface-exposed nonpolar moieties. Key words: Soil water repellency, crude oil, hydrophobic soil, conformational flexibility, swelling, solvents

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Muthusamy, Kalaiarasan, and Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim. "Determination of Factors Affecting Extraction of Rebaudioside A & Stevioside from Stevia Leaves." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v6i1.1938.

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Анотація:

Solid-liquid extraction is a recovery process in which the extracting solvent will recover certain components from a solid material. In this study, three extracting solvents were used which are absolute ethanol, acetone and distilled water. These solvents extracted two sweet components, Rebaudioside A and stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana. These two components can be converted into natural sweetener with zero calorie which does not affect blood glucose level. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum value of parameters to extract the highest amount of steviol glycosides. The extraction was done in 3 phases. First phase was to determine the best ratio between stevia and extracting solvent, second phase determined the best extracting time and third phase was to obtain the optimum temperature. From this study, ethanol proved to be the best extracting solvent. Ethanol extraction of Rebaudioside A and stevioside in the most suitable condition (ratio 1:25, 1 hour and 40℃) produced 12.48% of stevioside and 0.57% of Rebaudioside A.

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Sravan Kumar P, Akila CR, Vinaya B, and Dinesh Babu J. "Variation of the antioxidant activity with the extraction method and solvent selection." International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/irjpas.v10i4.1383.

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Анотація:

Extraction is a significant step in the processing of the crude drug to get its chemical constituents out and keep them of high and exportable quality. The plants have various chemical constituents that are responsible for various activities in which antioxidant activity is the important one. There is another step that is crucial in the extraction process that is the selection of the suitable for extraction. Various solvents are used for extraction. They too range from the highly non-polar solvents like benzene and chloroform to the highly polar solvents like Ethanol and distilled water. So, in this work, the focus has been put on to find the effect of the extraction method and the extraction solvent on the antioxidant profile of the guava leaves. The extracts of the solvent Water in the method of ultrasound showed the highest inhibition of the free radicals and the least was with the extracts of the pet ether and using soxhlation. This is indicative that the method of extraction is critical, and the solvent of extraction played a vital role in the content of chemical constituents and the pharmacological activity too. The results showed that the ultrasound method was beneficial in extracting the soft drugs like leaves, and the distilled water was effective in extracting the chemicals from the guava leaves.

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Afandi, Asrul, Shazani Sarijan, and Ranajit Kumar Shaha. "Optimization of Rebaudioside A Extraction from Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni) and Quantification by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 1, no. 1 (August 15, 2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v1i1.671.

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Анотація:

A solid-liquid extraction and an HPLC method for determination of rebaudioside A from the leave parts of Stevia rebaudiana were developed. Separation method consisted of solvent extraction of leaf powder using various solvents like petroleum ether, methanol, diethyl ether and butanol followed by its purification using high performance liquid chromatography in order to obtain bioactive compound rebaudioside A. This solvent selection is very important prior to alternative extraction methods since it can be used as a pre-extraction solvents, main solvents, or co-solvents. The problem of hydrolysable components and solvent removal difficulties in the conventional extraction led us to study further the effects of solvent properties on the conventional extraction using Soxhlet method in order to determine the best solvent or solvent mixture for high extraction yield of S. rebaudiana. The chromatographic separation was realized using a C18 column, mobile phase consisting of methanol: water with UV detection at 210 nm. Based on the yield of extraction and glycosides content, methanol was found to be best solvent.

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Tan, Yeong Hwang, Mee Kin Chai, and Ling Shing Wong. "The Effects of Parameters on the Efficiency of DLLME in Extracting of PAHs from Vegetable Samples." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22313.

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An effective analytical method based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetable samples. In most cases, the details of the parameters influencing the efficiency of DLLME in extraction are not well studied. Understanding the reactions of solvents in extraction is the important task on selecting of an appropriate solvent in the process. The effects of parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of DLLME, including extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, extraction time and MAE, such as solvent, microwave power and irradiation time, were studied and explained. The impacts of physiochemical properties of the selected extraction solvents on the extraction efficiency were also investigated. The results indicated that extraction solvents with low viscosity and low polarity have better extraction efficiency in extraction of PAHs from vegetable sample. No significant difference was observed for the effects of selected dispersive solvents and extraction time on extraction efficiency. In MAE, the types of solvent, microwave power and irradiation time implied some critical effects on the extraction efficiency of DLLME.

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Souza, Ana Luísa S., Julia S. Miranda, Rita C. S. Sousa, Bruno B. Vieira, and Jane S. R. Coimbra. "EXTRACTION OF BARU ALMOND OIL USING ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS TO HEXANE: ETHANOL AND ISOPROPANOL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 8 (September 10, 2020): 356–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i8.2020.1197.

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Анотація:

The baru oil has a high degree of unsaturation and relevant amount of oleic and linoleic acids content, which favors its use for food and pharmaceutical industries. Hexane is the most widely used solvent for oil extraction. However, its flammability, cost, and polluting potential justify the study of alternatives solvents such as ethanol and isopropanol that are less toxic and flammable and efficient in the extraction of other oils, as already reported in literature. This work represents the extraction of baru almond oil with the solvents hexane, ethanol, isopropanol, and isopropanol: ethanol (1:1) to compare their extraction yields. The parameters solid: solvent ratio, temperature and time were optimized using a central composite design. The higher yields were found in lower solid: solvent ratios and higher temperatures (ethanol - 29.12 %, isopropanol - 39.66 %, isopropanol: ethanol - 41.13 % and hexane - 36.59 %). Isopropanol and isopropanol: ethanol (1:1) mixture presented satisfactory results when compared to hexane, becoming alternatives for its replacement. In the extractions which the time was significant, the adjustment of the kinetic models indicated that the extraction is described by a second order model. The solvents researched showed to be promising for hexane replacement in the oil extraction from baru almond.

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De Brabander, Pieter, Evelien Uitterhaegen, Ellen Verhoeven, Cedric Vander Cruyssen, Karel De Winter, and Wim Soetaert. "In Situ Product Recovery of Bio-Based Industrial Platform Chemicals: A Guideline to Solvent Selection." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010026.

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Анотація:

In situ product recovery (ISPR), in the form of an extractive fermentation process, can increase productivity and product titers in the sustainable production of platform chemicals. To establish a guideline for the development of industrially relevant production processes for such bio-based compounds, a wide screening was performed, mapping the potential of an extensive range of solvents and solvent mixtures. Besides solvent biocompatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distribution coefficients of three organic acids (protocatechuic acid, adipic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid) and four fragrance compounds (2-phenylethanol, geraniol, trans-cinnamaldehyde and β-ionone) were determined. While for highly hydrophobic fragrance compounds, multiple pure solvents were identified that were able to extract more than 98%, reactive extraction mixtures were proven effective for more challenging compounds including organic acids and hydrophilic alcohols. For example, a reactive mixture consisting of 12.5% of the extractant CYTOP 503 in canola oil was found to be biocompatible and showed superior extraction efficiency for the challenging compounds as compared to any biocompatible single solvent. This mapping of biocompatible solvents and solvent mixtures for the extraction of various classes of industrial platform chemicals can be a tremendous step forward in the development of extractive fermentations.

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Lancaster, Sarah, Scott Senseman, and Katherine Carson. "Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Fluometuron from Selected Soils." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.4.1142.

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Анотація:

Abstract Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a recently developed extraction technique that is more rapid and produces less waste than do conventional liquid/liquid extraction methods. Optimal conditions were determined for ASE of fluometuron from 2 Weswood clay loam soils. Two solvents (acetonitrile and methanol), 2 temperatures (50 and 100C), and the number of static cycles (1, 2, and 3) were evaluated. The most efficient and reproducible extractions were obtained when methanol was combined with a 50C extraction temperature and the static cycle was repeated 3 times. These experiments indicated that existing extraction methods for fluometuron can easily be adapted for ASE.

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Lawrence, James F., Barbara Niedzwiadek, and Peter M. Scott. "Effect of Temperature and Solvent Composition on Extraction of Fumonisins B1 and B2 from Corn Products." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.3.604.

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Анотація:

Abstract Fumonisins B1 and B2 were extracted from naturally contaminated corn products by using different extraction solvent compositions (methanol–water, acetonitrile–methanol–water, ethanol–water, and 100% water) and a range of temperatures from ambient to 150°C. Ground samples of several corn products and 1 rice sample were mixed with an adsorbent material (Hydromatrix™), and the fumonisins were extracted in 2 sequential 5 min static extractions at various temperatures. The combined extracts were cleaned up and analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after o-phthaldialdehyde–mercaptoethanol derivatization. The results showed a clear influence of temperature and solvent composition on recovery of fumonisins from some matrixes. With acetonitrile–methanol–water (1 + 1 + 2) the quantity of fumonisins extracted from naturally contaminated taco shells almost tripled in going from 23° to 80°C, and increased by another 30% when ethanol–water (3 + 7) was used as extraction solvent at 80°C. Similar results were obtained with nacho chips. These effects were less pronounced with cornmeal, and small differences due to temperature and solvent composition were observed for corn flakes and rice. The ethanol–water extraction solvent combinations were specifically evaluated in an effort to use the cheapest, least toxic, and most environmentally friendly solvents for organic residue analysis. At 80°C, ethanol–water combinations performed equally or better than methanol–water (8 + 2) or acetonitrile–methanol–water (1 + 1 + 2), combinations which are commonly used for fumonisin extractions. Even 100% water was successful for extracting fumonisins from the products, except for rice. However, increased amounts of water created technical problems and required an increased amount of Hydromatrix in the samples prior to extraction.

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Getachew, Bezuayehu, Kemal Ahmed, Mahmud Endris, Manale Zebene, Tsegay Hiwot, Birhane Haile, Mebratu Meresa, and Medhanit Amanu. "Determination of Oil Content and Physicochemical Properties of Oil Extracted from Niger Seed Oil Grown in Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 63 (January 2016): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.63.141.

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Анотація:

The Niger seed oil was collected from gamo-gofa, southern part of Ethiopia for oil extraction. The collected seed were oven dried and crushed in to powder by mortar and pestle. A soxhlet and maceration extractions were used for extraction of the oil. The solvents used for both extractions were n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The main reason two different types of solvents and two different type of extraction methods used in this project were to check which type of solvent and extraction method were effective for extraction of oil from Niger seed. From both extraction methods the extracted oil was separated from the solvents by simple distillation. The oil content and the physico-chemical parameters of the oil were determined and an oil content of 23.45% and 21.35% were obtained by maceration and 33.02% and 22.7% by soxhlet extraction method from n-hexane and ethyl acetate respectively. The physico-chemical parameters of the seed and oil were determined and the result shows that moisture content of the seed was (8.3%) and acid value of the oil (1.7391), saponification value (6.0308), Kinematic viscosity (0.561 m2/s), Density of oil (0.9788 g/ml) and Specific gravity of (0.9947). From the result obtained we conclude that n-hexane is an effective solvent and soxhlet extraction is an effective extraction method for extraction of oil from Niger seed.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Extraction for solvent"

Rodarte, Alma Isabel Marín. "Predispersed solvent extraction." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45173.

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Анотація:

A new solvent extraction method has been developed for the extraction of metal and organic ions from very dilute aqueous solutions. The new method, which has been named Predispersed Solvent Extraction (POSE), is based on the principle that 1 there is no need to comminute both phases. All that is necessary is to comminute the solvent phase prior to contacting it with the feed. This is done by converting the solvent into aphrons, which are micron-sized globules encapsulated in a soapy film. Since the aphrons are so small, it takes a long time for the solvent to rise to the surface under the influence of gravity alone. Therefore, the separation is expedited by piggy-back flotation of the aphrons on specially prepared gas bubbles, which are somewhat larger than aphrons and are called colloidal gas aphrons (CGA).

Copper, uranium and chromium ions, and alizarin yellow were extracted from very dilute aqueous solutions using PDSE. Tests were performed in a vertical glass column in both batch and continuous modes, and in a continuous horizontal trough. The new solvent extraction procedure worked very efficiently and very quickly under laboratory conditions. Higher than 99% extraction was achieved in many of the tests performed.

Master of Science

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Tarkan, Haci Mustafa. "Air-assisted solvent extraction." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102735.

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Анотація:

Air-Assisted Solvent Extraction (AASX) is a novel concept that uses a solvent-coated bubble to contact the organic and aqueous phases. The advantages over conventional solvent extraction (SX) are high solvent to aqueous contact area with reduced solvent volume and ease of phase separation due to the buoyancy imparted by the air core. This opens the way to treat dilute solutions (<1 g/L), such as effluents.
The novel contribution in this thesis is the production of solvent-coated bubbles by exploiting foaming properties of kerosene-based solvents.
The basic set-up is a chamber to generate foam which is injected through a capillary (orifice diameter 2.5 mm) to produce solvent-coated bubbles (ca. 4.4 mm) which release into the aqueous phase. This generates a solvent specific surface area of ca. 3000 cm-1, equivalent to solvent droplets of ca. 20 mum. Demonstrating the process on dilute Cu solutions (down to 25 mg/L), high aqueous/organic ratios (ca. 75:1) and extractions are achieved. The solvent readily disengages to accumulate at the surface of the aqueous solution.
The LIX family of extractants imparts some foaming to kerosene based solvents but D2EHPA does not. An extensive experimental program determined that 1.5 ppm silicone oil provided the necessary foaming action without affecting extraction or stripping efficiency, greatly expanding the range of solvents that can be used in AASX.
To complement the foam study, films on bubbles blown in solvent were examined by interferometry (film thickness) and infra-red spectroscopy (film composition). A "bound" solvent layer was identified with an initial thickness of ca. 2 - 4 mum, comparable to that determined indirectly (by counting bubbles in an AASX trial and measuring solvent consumption). The film composition appeared to be independent of film thickness as it decreased with time.
As a start to scaling up, the single bubble generation system was adapted by installing up to 8 horizontal capillaries. The bubbles generated were ca. 3.4 mm. Trials showed the multi-bubble set up was a simple replication of the individual bubble case. Preliminary analysis of kinetic data shows a fit to a first-order model.

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TRUJILLO, REBOLLO ANDRES. "SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF MOLYBDENUM." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184009.

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The equilibrium and the kinetics of the reaction of Mo (VI) with 8-hydroxyquinoline; 8-hydroxyquinaldine; KELEX 100; LIX63; and LIX65N were studied by solvent extraction. From the equilibrium studies it was concluded that in weakly acidic solution (pH 5 to 6) the overall extraction reaction is (UNFORMATTED TABLE FOLLOWS) MoO₄²⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2HL(o) ↔ (K(ex)) MoO₂L ₂(o) + 2H₂O (TABLE ENDS) where HL is the monoprotic bidentate ligand, "(o)" refers to the organic phase, and K(,ex) is the extraction constant. It was concluded that the complexation reaction requires four protons to convert molybdate into molybdenyl. The extractions constants for LIX63 and 8-hydroxyquinaldine, corrected for the side reaction of the ligand and metal, are 10¹⁶·⁴³ and 10¹⁴·⁴⁰, respectively. In the case of LIX65N, the plot of log(D) vs pH has a maximum at pH 1.0, which was explained qualitatively in terms of protonation of the ligand and molybdic acid at low pH. The extraction constant for the reaction of molybdic acid and the neutral ligand was estimated to be 100,000. The kinetics of extraction Mo (VI) with LIX63, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 8-hydroxyquinaldine, and Kelex 100 were studied in this work. In all cases, except 8-hydroxyquinoline, the rate-determining step of the reaction involves the formation of a 1:1 complex between the neutral ligand and several Mo(VI) species differing in the degree of protonation. The rate-determining step for the reaction of Mo(VI) with 8-hydroxyquinoline involves the formation of a 1:2 complex. The rate constant for the reaction of HMoO₄ with 8-hydroxyquinaldine is four orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding value reported in the literature for 8-hydroxyquinoline. The slower reaction with 8-hydroxyquinaldine was attributed to the presence of the methyl group next to the nitrogen atom of the ligand which hinders its binding with molybdenum in the rate determining step of the reaction.

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Bajpayee, Anurag. "Directional solvent extraction desalination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78539.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.
"September 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-137).
World water supply is struggling to meet demand. Production of fresh water from the oceans could supply this demand almost indefinitely. As global energy consumption continues to increase, water and energy resources are getting closely intertwined, especially with regards to the water consumption and contamination in the unconventional oil and gas industry. Development of effective, affordable desalination and water treatment technologies is thus vital to meeting future demand, maintaining economic development, enabling continued growth of energy resources, and preventing regional and international conflict. We have developed a new low temperature, membrane-free desalination technology using directional solvents capable of extracting pure water from a contaminated solution without themselves dissolving in the recovered water. This method dissolves the water into a directional solvent by increasing its temperature, rejects salts and other contaminants, then recovers pure water by cooling back to ambient temperature, and re-uses the solvent. The directional solvents used here include soybean oil, hexanoic acid, decanoic acid, and octanoic acid with the last two observed to be the most effective. These fatty acids exhibit the required characteristics by having a hydrophilic carboxylic acid end which bonds to water molecules but the hydrophobic chain prevents the dissolution of water soluble salts as well the dissolution of the solvent in water. Directional solvent extraction may be considered a molecular-level desalination approach. Directional Solvent Extraction circumvents the need for membranes, uses simple, inexpensive machinery, and by operating at low temperatures offers the potential for using waste heat. This technique also lends itself well to treatment of feed waters over a wide range of total dissolved solids (TDS) levels and is one of the very few known techniques to extract water from saturated brines. We demonstrate >95% salt rejection for seawater TDS concentrations (35,000 ppm) as well as for oilfield produced water TDS concentrations (>100,000 ppm) and saturated brines (300,000 ppm) through a benchtop batch process, and recovery ratios as high as 85% for feed TDS of 35,000 ppm through a multi-stage batch process. We have also designed, constructed, and demonstrated a semi-continuous process prototype. The energy and economic analysis suggests that this technique could become an effective, affordable method for seawater desalination and for treatment of produced water from unconventional oil and gas extraction.
by Anurag Bajpayee.
Ph.D.

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Tavakolikhaledi, Mohammadreza. "Vanadium : leaching and solvent extraction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46814.

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Анотація:

The fundamental understanding of vanadium hydrometallurgy was developed in three phases: vanadium (V) leaching, vanadium (III) oxidative leaching, and solvent extraction of vanadium (V&IV). In the first section, V₂O₅ leaching was studied in three steps. First, vanadium leaching and solubility of VO₂⁺ at different pH’s and temperatures were investigated in sulfuric acid. Secondly, the kinetics of vanadium leaching in pH 5 and pH 8 solutions, and the reductive leaching of vanadium pentoxide using sodium sulfite were studied. It was shown that the kinetics of acid leaching is rapid but suffers from low solubility of VO₂⁺ in solution. Thirdly, the shrinking sphere model was employed to analyze the kinetics of reductive leaching. In the second step, V₂O₃ oxidative leaching was studied from 30°C to 90°C in sulfuric acid. This study has also been done in three different sections. First, the kinetics of oxidative leaching using oxygen was investigated. It was shown that this oxidative leaching is chemical reaction rate controlled with an activation energy of 69 kJ/mol. In the next step, it was shown that the presence of ferric enhanced kinetics significantly. Finally, oxidative leaching using a constant ferric-ferrous ratio from 1 to 300 was studied. The addition of KMnO₄ solution to the leach reactor was found to be a suitable oxidant for controlling solution potential. The oxidation rate using the constant ferric-ferrous ratio was very sensitive to temperature, with a large activation energy (38 kJ/mol) and the rate was proportional to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) concentration to the power of 0.47. In the third part, purification of synthetic vanadium-containing solutions using the solvent extraction technique was investigated. Various solvent extractants have been tested for vanadium recovery from acid leachates. One of the biggest problems for purification of the vanadium solution is iron separation. Therefore, this research assesses selectivity of vanadium over iron. The extraction of vanadium (V&IV), iron (III&II) with phosphinic acid (CYANEX 272), phosphonic acid (IONQUEST 801), phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and phosphine oxide (CYANEX 923) extractants is reported. In addition, the extraction reactions for vanadium (V) and (IV) extraction using CYANEX 923 and D2EHPA were also studied.

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Duhayon, Christophe. "Copper solvent extraction by ultrasound-assisted emulsification." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210155.

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Анотація:

The goal of this research is to improve an extractive metallurgy process based

on solvent extraction. This process should fit the exploitation of small local

copper-rich deposits. In these conditions, the plant has to be as compact as

possible in order to be easily transported from one location to a subsequent

one. Improved extraction kinetics could ensure a high throughput of the

plant despite its compactness. In addition, the extraction reagent should

not be damaging for the environnement. On this basis, we propose to use

ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction. The main idea is to increase the

extraction kinetics by forming an emulsion in place of a dispersion thanks to

the intense cavitation produced by ultrasound. The benefit of this method

is to improve the copper extraction kinetics by increasing the interfacial

surface area and decreasing the width of the diffusion layer. We studied the

implementation of an highly branched decanoic acid (known as Versatic-

10®acid) as a copper extraction reagent dispersed in kerosene.

Emulsification is monitored through the Sauter diameter of the organic

phase droplets in aqueous phase. This diameter is measured during pulsed

and continuous ultrasound irradiation via a static light scattering technique.

The phenomenon of emulsification of our system by ultrasound is effective,

and the emulsification process carried out in the pulsed ultrasound mode is

at least as efficient as the emulsification obtained under continuous mode.

No improvement of emulsification is observed beyond a threshold time of

the ultrasound impulse. This may be attributed to a competition between

disruption and coalescence. The use of mechanical stirring combined with

pulsed ultrasound allows to control the droplet size distribution.

In presence of ultrasound, the extraction kinetics of Versatic-10 acid is

multiplied by a factor ten, and therefore reached a value similar to the kinetics

observed without ultrasound with an industrial extractant such as

LIX-860I®(Cognis). Extraction kinetics measurements are carried out by

monitoring the copper ion concentration in the aqueous phase with an electrochemical

cell.

We conclude that ultrasound-assisted emulsification can be implemented

under certain conditions. Emulsification is a first step, and the following

destabilization step has to be studied. The device using ultrasound-assisted

emulsification should be followed by an efficient settling-coalescing device. A

possible solution would be to promote emulsion destabilization by increasing

the ionic strength with an addition of MgSO4, a salt that is not extracted

by the extraction reagent in the considered range of pH.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Suriyachat, Duangkamol. "Zirconium solvent extraction using organophosphorus compounds." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60718.

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This study compares zirconium extraction from hydrochloric acid solutions using either Cyanex 923 or Cyanex 925 in kerosene. While both are mixtures of trialkyl phosphine oxides, the trialkyl groups in the former have straight chains, while those in the latter have branched chains.
The major variables studied were hydrochloric acid, extractant and zirconium concentrations, and phase ratio. With both reagents, zirconium is extracted rapidly. Extraction increases with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration, and zirconium is loaded as its neutral tetrachloride complex by a solvation reaction. The loaded zirconium forms a di-solvate, except at high excess extractant concentrations, where solvation numbers greater than 2 are found. At a constant total chloride concentration, the zirconium extraction level is maintained if hydrochloric acid is partially replaced by lithium chloride, provided sufficient hydrochloric acid is retained to prevent zirconium hydrolysis. Distribution coefficients decease with increasing zirconium concentration, suggesting that polymerization occurs in the aqueous phase.
For given conditions, zirconium extraction into Cyanex 923 is higher than for Cyanex 925. However, loading selectivity for zirconium over other metals has not been studied. A few preliminary experiments have shown that aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate are potential stripping agents.

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Hanif, Mohammed. "Mass transfer studies in solvent extraction." Thesis, Teesside University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328022.

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Chimpalee, Dolrudee. "Applications of ion-pair solvent extraction." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336039.

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Lukhezo, Muchinyarawo. "Reactive solvent extraction of amino acids." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245090.

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Книги з теми "Extraction for solvent"

Tarkan, Haci Mustafa. Air-assisted solvent extraction. Montreal, QC: McGill University, Dept. of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, 2006.

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Schügerl, Karl. Solvent Extraction in Biotechnology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03064-6.

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Solvent recovery handbook. London: Edward Arnold, 1993.

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International Solvent Extraction Conference (1990 Kyoto, Japan). Solvent extraction 1990: Proceedings of the International Solvent Extraction Conference (ISEC '90). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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Ion exchange and solvent extraction. New York: M. Dekker, 2001.

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Ion exchange and solvent extraction. New York: M. Dekker, 2002.

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Marinsky, Jacob, and Yizhak Marcus, eds. Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203749753.

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Marinsky, Jacob A., and Yizhak Marcus. Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003208846.

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Kislik, Vladimir S. Solvent Extraction: Classical and Novel Approaches. San Diego: Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2011.

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International Solvent Extraction Conference (1993 University of York). Solvent extraction in the process industries. London: Published for SCI by Elsevier Applied Science, 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "Extraction for solvent"

Kemper, Timothy G. "Solvent Extraction." In Edible Oil Processing, 97–125. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118535202.ch4.

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Ammen, C. W. "Solvent Extraction." In Recovery and Refining of Precious Metals, 350–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7721-8_15.

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Morss, Lester R. "Solvent Extraction." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 12–13. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145296.ch11.

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Ricketts, Nigel J. "Scandium Solvent Extraction." In Light Metals 2019, 1395–401. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_174.

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Schügerl, Karl. "Extraction Equipment." In Solvent Extraction in Biotechnology, 52–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03064-6_3.

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Schügerl, Karl. "Extraction of Metabolites." In Solvent Extraction in Biotechnology, 66–197. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03064-6_4.

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Schügerl, Karl. "Introduction." In Solvent Extraction in Biotechnology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03064-6_1.

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Schügerl, Karl. "Reaction Engineering Principles." In Solvent Extraction in Biotechnology, 2–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03064-6_2.

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Scovazzo, Paul, Wei-Yin Chen, Lawrence K. Wang, and Nazih K. Shammas. "Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Supercritical Extraction." In Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes, 581–614. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4_18.

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Giorno, Lidietta. "Membrane Based Solvent Extraction." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_950-1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Extraction for solvent"

Ost, Allen. "Trends in Solvent Extraction." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.426.

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Tamara, Yunita Merlin, Wahyu Nur Hidayat, Asma Nur Azizah, and Dwi Ardiana Setyawardhani. "Kesambi oil extraction using the solvent extraction method." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019 (ICIMECE 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000691.

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Das, Swapan Kumar. "Distribution of multi-component solvents in solvent vapour extraction chamber." In International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117694-ms.

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Fitriyani, L. "Biosurfactant Addition into Solvent Extraction Process of Oily Contaminated Solid Waste." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-o-435.

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Solvent extraction has been used in industry or many purposes for years, including to recover oil at contaminated soil. Certain solvents and temperature ranges have been chosen to increase the oil recovery rate of extraction process. The Study observed the implementation of biosurfactant at the extraction process to perform reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of oily contaminated soil. In order to optimize TPH removal, extraction were conducted for multiple stages. Biosurfactant extraction result were also compared to solvent extraction process which acetone and toluene have been selected to extract oil content from contaminated soil by using solvent extraction process. The combination treatments with biosurfactant were also involving variety of centrifugation process with 1000 rpm (1570 g) operational speed. Duration of treatment process was 10 minutes with some variations of solid to solvent ratio. During the experiments comparison result between varies treatment process provides alternatives to treat oily contaminated soil by using extraction process. Compatibility among solvents, biosurfactants, types of oily contaminated solid waste were also observed to seek possibility on large scale of treatment process implementation both insitu at the contaminated site and exsitu at integrated waste treatment facility.

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Czarena Crofcheck, Michael D. Montross, Adam Berkovich, and Rodney Andrews. "Mild Solvent Extraction of Wood Waste." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.15046.

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Hasan, Nusair, and Bakhtier Farouk. "Enhancing Supercritical Fluid Extraction Using Acoustic Excitations." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88991.

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A computational fluid dynamics model of supercritical fluid extraction of a solute (caffeine) from a fixed bed of porous solid matrix (coffee beans) using a supercritical solvent (carbon dioxide) is developed. The mathematical model is developed considering diffusion-controlled transport in the particle and film mass transfer resistance around the particle. Accurate representations of the transport properties of supercritical carbon dioxide are considered. The conservation equations are numerically solved using an implicit finite volume method. Supercritical fluid extraction of a solute from a solid matrix has a slow dynamics even when solute free solvent is re-circulated and therefore improvements in the mass transfer process are required. The effect of acoustically excited flows on supercritical fluid extraction in a fixed bed extractor is investigated. Harmonically oscillating inlet wall boundary condition is used to model a piezoelectric transducer. The use of acoustic excitation represents a potential efficient way of enhancing mass transfer processes. Application of acoustic excitations at the fundamental frequency of the extractor (f = 996 Hz) increased the overall yield by about 15%. The effects produced by compressions and decompressions, as well as by radiation pressure and streaming contribute to the enhancements.

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Zhou, Jingfang, Craig Priest, Rossen Sedev, John Ralston, Arata Aota, Kazuma Mawatari, and Takehiko Kitamori. "Microfluidic Solvent Extraction of Copper for Mineral Processing." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18215.

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Solvent extraction of copper has been explored in a microfluidic chip (μSX). The transfer efficiency and rate of phase separation in μSX were compared to that achieved using conventional methods (bulk dispersion) both with and without fine silica particles present. Using the microfluidic approach, transfer efficiency was comparable to that achieved in conventional extraction. Phase separation is slow or totally arrested in bulk extraction, while instantaneous phase separation was achieved in μSX, even at high particle concentrations.

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Imanbayev, Ye I., Ye K. Ongarbayev, Ye Tileuberdi, Z. A. Mansurov, A. K. Golovko, and S. Rudyk. "Supercritical solvent extraction of oil sand bitumen." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL MATERIALS AND PROCESS (ICCMP 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5000473.

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Qadariyah, Lailatul, Prilia Dwi Amelia, Cininta Admiralia, Donny S. Bhuana, and Mahfud Mahfud. "Extraction of orange peel’s essential oil by solvent-free microwave extraction." In INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016 (ISFAChE 2016): Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982325.

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Splinter, Steven, and Marilena Radoiu. "CONTINUOUS INDUSTRIAL-SCALE MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF HIGH-VALUE INGREDIENTS FROM NATURAL BIOMASS." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9758.

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An innovative technology for the continuous extraction of bioactive compounds from a wide range of biological materials has been developed, scaled up and successfully demonstrated at commercially-relevant scales. The technology, known as MAPTM, or “Microwave-Assisted Process”, robustly transfers from laboratory to continuous, industrial scale operation. In wide-ranging trials, MAPTM has comprehensively demonstrated its ability to outperform many KPIs of conventional extraction processes, while offering biomass throughput, product consistency and low operational costs not attainable by other emerging technologies. Radient’s proprietary continuous-flow MAPTM extractor, Figure 1, was designed for continuous processing of up to 200 kg/h of biomass material. Verification of the mechanical integrity of the system was confirmed by flow testing of biomass / solvent slurries. Testing and verification of the efficiency of microwave energy transfer to the extractor cavity was completed at various microwave power settings using flowing water at 870 kg/h. The microwave energy transfer to the system was verified to be >95 % in each case. As an example of performance, continuous flow MAPTM extraction of the antioxidant SDG from flax biomass was performed using 70 % ethanol / water as the solvent at two different conditions: - 75 kg/h flax / 5 L/kg solvent / 15 kW microwave power / extractor residence time 24 min; - 110 kg/h flax / 5 L/kg solvent / 20 kW microwave power / extractor residence time 16 min. The industrial-scale conditions for these runs were determined by extrapolating from optimized conditions previously obtained from batch lab-scale MAPTM experiments. The continuous flow approach eliminates the requirement for having geometric similarity between scales, i.e the equipment shape and dimensions do not have to scale proportionately.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Extraction for solvent"

Klatt, L. N. Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Solvent-Composition Recommendation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814130.

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Skone, Timothy J. Rare earths solvent extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509119.

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Leonard, R. A. Caustic-side solvent extraction Flowsheet for optimized solvent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799858.

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Moyer, Bruce, and Nathan Bessen. Density of Next-Generation Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Solvent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1819565.

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Neuman, R. D. Interfacial chemistry in solvent extraction systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6951454.

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Neuman, R. D. Interfacial chemistry in solvent extraction systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6568063.

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Peterson, R. A. Solvent Extraction External Radiation Stability Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/773130.

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Peter Zalupski. Non-Ideal Behavior in Solvent Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034812.

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Duncan, Nathan C., Laetitia Helene Delmau, Dale Ensor, Denise L. Lee, Joseph F. Birdwell Jr, Talon G. Hill, Neil J. Williams, et al. Next Generation Solvent Development for Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction of Cesium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087500.

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Duffey, C. E. Pretreatment of PUREX Waste Solvent by Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803621.

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