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Готові списки джерел за темами / Factor shares of income

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Factor shares of income"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 18 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Factor shares of income":

1

Konduru, Srinivasa, and Bruce Bjornson. "Changing Factor Income Shares in Agri-Food Industries." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 36, no. 3 (December 2004): 747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800026997.

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A concern in the political economy is how national income is shared between labor and capital. This study evaluates long-term changes in factor income shares in three agri-food industries, their attribution to the level of factor usage or to factor compensation rates, and relation to changes in capital intensity and factor productivity. We find long-term stability in the profit and labor shares of farm income, decline in the profit share of agricultural services industry income, and increase in the profit share of food manufacturing income due to fewer productivity improvements being passed on to wage increases.

2

Zuleta, Hernando. "Factor saving innovations and factor income shares." Review of Economic Dynamics 11, no. 4 (October 2008): 836–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2008.02.002.

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3

Izyumov, Alexei, and John Vahaly. "Recent trends in factor income shares: a global perspective." Journal of Economic Studies 41, no. 5 (September 2, 2014): 696–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-12-2012-0174.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide estimates of factor income shares for 79 developed, developing and transition economies representing close to 90 percent of the world output and to test for income share convergence. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses data from the United Nations National Accounts and World Bank World Development Indicator databases and the factor-income-share estimation methodology developed in Bernanke and Gurkaynak (2001) and Gollin (2002). Findings – The authors estimate indicated that the average levels of capital income (profit) shares in developing and transition countries are 1.4-1.5 times higher than in developed economies. During the period studied, profit shares in all groups of countries trended upwards. As a result, the “global” profit share increased thus extending the “labor share squeeze” of the 1980s and 1990s. Practical implications – The finding of persistent and significant differences in factor shares in countries of different development levels calls into question the assumption of uniform factor shares’ often made in studies of economic growth. The detection of a broadly based upward trend in profit shares has implications for studies of income distribution and inequality. Originality/value – The paper's contribution is in providing updated estimates of factor income shares for the broad sample of countries, including in particular transition economies, not covered in previous studies; confirming the positive link between profit share and country's income level; countering claims of factor income convergence and establishing the upward trend in “global” profit share.

4

Valentinyi, Ákos, and Berthold Herrendorf. "Measuring factor income shares at the sectoral level." Review of Economic Dynamics 11, no. 4 (October 2008): 820–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2008.02.003.

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5

Thampapillai, Dodo J., Yvonne Jie Chen, Christopher Ivo Bacani, and Omer Baris. "New Estimates of Factor Income Shares in Central Asian Economies." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 35, no. 3 (June 17, 2016): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12140.

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6

Alvaredo, Facundo, Anthony B. Atkinson, Thomas Piketty, and Emmanuel Saez. "The Top 1 Percent in International and Historical Perspective." Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.3.3.

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The top 1 percent income share has more than doubled in the United States over the last 30 years, drawing much public attention in recent years. While other English-speaking countries have also experienced sharp increases in the top 1 percent income share, many high-income countries such as Japan, France, or Germany have seen much less increase in top income shares. Hence, the explanation cannot rely solely on forces common to advanced countries, such as the impact of new technologies and globalization on the supply and demand for skills. Moreover, the explanations have to accommodate the falls in top income shares earlier in the twentieth century experienced in virtually all high-income countries. We highlight four main factors. The first is the impact of tax policy, which has varied over time and differs across countries. Top tax rates have moved in the opposite direction from top income shares. The effects of top rate cuts can operate in conjunction with other mechanisms. The second factor is a richer view of the labor market, where we contrast the standard supply-side model with one where pay is determined by bargaining and the reactions to top rate cuts may lead simply to a redistribution of surplus. Indeed, top rate cuts may lead managerial energies to be diverted to increasing their remuneration at the expense of enterprise growth and employment. The third factor is capital income. Overall, private wealth (relative to income) has followed a U-shaped path over time, particularly in Europe, where inherited wealth is, in Europe if not in the United States, making a return. The fourth, little investigated, element is the correlation between earned income and capital income, which has substantially increased in recent decades in the United States.

7

Grossman, Gene M., Elhanan Helpman, Ezra Oberfield, and Thomas Sampson. "Endogenous Education and Long-Run Factor Shares." American Economic Review: Insights 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20200350.

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We study the determinants of factor shares in a neoclassical environment with capital-skill complementarity and endogenous education. In this environment estimates of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor that fail to account for human capital levels will be biased upward. We develop a model with overlapping generations, technology-driven neoclassical growth, and ongoing increases in educational attainment. For a class of production functions featuring capital-skill complementarity, a balanced growth path exists and is characterized by an inverse relationship between the rates of capital-and labor-augmenting technological progress and the capital share in national income. (JEL D33, E25, J24, O33)

8

Xue, Jianpo, and Chong K. Yip. "FACTOR SUBSTITUTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A UNIFIED APPROACH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 16, no. 4 (January 9, 2012): 625–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000775.

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This paper provides a unified approach to characterizing the relation between factor substitution and economic growth in different one-sector growth models (namely, the Solow, Ramsey, and Diamond models). Our main finding is that if better factor substitution raises savings in the steady state, then a higher per capita income results. There are two channels by which factor substitution affects savings: the positive efficiency effect via income and the ambiguous distribution effect via factor income shares. If the efficiency effect dominates, then a higher elasticity of substitution leads to a higher level of per capita steady-state income. In transition, factor substitution affects the rate of convergence both directly and through the equilibrium profit share. The former arises from diminishing marginal productivity of capital whereas the latter reflects its relative scarcity. Depending on the interaction of these effects, the net outcomes are characterized.

9

Adler,, Martin, and Kai Daniel Schmid,. "Factor Shares and Income Inequality. Empiral Evidence from Germany 2002 – 2008." Schmollers Jahrbuch 133, no. 2 (June 2013): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.133.2.121.

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10

Nolan, Brian. "CYCLICAL FLUCTUATIONS IN FACTOR SHARES AND THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME." Review of Income and Wealth 33, no. 2 (June 1987): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1987.tb00670.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Factor shares of income":

1

Konduru, Srinivasa Prasad. "Factor income shares in agri-food industries /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1420929.

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2

Broman, Julius. "Capital Accumulation and the Labor Share of Income." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-452911.

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This paper estimates the effects of capital accumulation on industry labor shares by taking account of capital heterogeneity. Using a cross-country, cross-industry dataset covering 15 European countries over 38 industries, I take advantage of a detailed breakdown of the capital stock distinguishing between physical, ICT and intangible assets. The results suggest that, over the 1995-2015 period, capital accumulation has not been a driving force of declining labor shares - if anything the opposite. Performing a cross-section regression analysis on the relationship between long differences in capital intensities and industry labor shares, I find that accumulation of physical capital in general, and Machinery & Equipment in particular, are the only asset types showing a statistically significant correlation with the labor share, suggesting a positive association. In contrast to previous research, I do not document a negative relationship between ICT capital and labor shares. I do, however, find evidence suggesting that it might be investments in Software & Databases that explain these earlier findings.

3

Akbiyik, Ceren. "Cross Country Evidence On Financial Development- Income Inequality Link." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614851/index.pdf.

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This study analyzes the relationship between financial development and income inequality by using panel data of 60 developing and developed countries for the period 2000-2010. We find evidence for the linear negative relationship between financial development and income inequality which asserts that financial development reduces income inequality. We also find evidence supporting Kuznets inverted u-shaped hypothesis on development-income inequality link, except that for the developed countries where we find evidence for u-shaped hypothesis. It is also concluded that the panel is stationary without unit root, indicating that shocks on income inequality is not persistent.

4

Tuc, Mis Sine. "Informal Sector Wage Gap In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613741/index.pdf.

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Informality has been a widespread fact in most of developing countries. Especially after the implementation of liberalization policies in the 1980s, informal sector has expanded, and informal employment has been more attractive in the Turkish economy. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether there is wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008. In order to test if the determinants of wages are different, selection corrected wage equations are estimated for manufacturing and service sectors for men and women separately by using the Household Labor Force Survey micro level data of TURKSTAT. We also estimated Multinomial Logit model in order to be able to take the sector selection process into account. According to our estimation results, there was a significant wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008, even after controlling for a number of individual-specific characteristics. This indicates the existence of the segmented labor market in terms of wages in Turkey, as it is asserted by the number of researchers arguing against the neo-classical labor market theory.

5

Akgul, Zeynep. "The Impact Of International Capital Flows In A Three-sector Open Economy: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610961/index.pdf.

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This thesis examines the effects of international capital flows on economic growth by using a dynamic general equilibrium framework based on a three-sector Ramsey Model. In order to detect the impact of financial integration on production, allocation of resources across three sectors and consumption, two different economic environments are modelled. While the first model represents a closed economy with financial autarky, the second model examplifies a financially integrated open economy with partial capital mobility. Each of the models is calibrated to Turkish economy based on the data of the year 2006. The simulation results demonstrate that the presence of international capital flows, despite being limited by a borrowing constraint, reverses the impact of economic growth on production and resource allocation. It is found that even though the importance of production in tradable-goods sector diminishes in the absence of international capital flows, it increases in the open economy model. Moreover, the findings show that while production in the closed economy model simply adjusts to domestic demand, that of the open economy model is not constrained by it. This can be explained by the augmentative effect of partial capital flows on the impact of foreign demand on domestic production.

6

Cano, Liliana. "Income inequality, top income shares and economic mobility : Ecuador 2004-2011." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10040.

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L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser les tendances récentes dans la distribution des revenus en Équateur. La thèse défend l’idée que les inégalités de revenus ont diminué tant au niveau personnel qu’au niveau fonctionnel. Cependant, en nous basant sur la littérature et la méthodologie des hauts revenus et de l’accumulation du capital nous montrons que le niveau d’inégalité reste très élevé. Pour ce faire, le premier chapitre offre une revue de la littérature de la distribution des revenus et, à l’aide des comptes de patrimoine nationaux, présente de nouvelles estimations du rapport capital/revenu et de la part du capital dans le revenu national pour la période 2007-2013. Dans le deuxième chapitre, à l’aide des données fiscales, nous analysons la distribution des revenus au niveau individuel et nous offrons de nouvelles estimations de la part du revenu national détenu par les individus les plus riches (e.g. 1%) pendant la période 2004-2011. En outre, nous étudions l’évolution et la composition des hauts revenus, l’évolution du revenu moyen, et nous discutons des avantages comparés des données fiscales et des données issues des enquêtes lors de l’étude des hauts revenus. Dans le troisième chapitre nous étudions la mobilité des hauts revenus et du reste de la distribution et nous analysons les principaux déterminants de la mobilité économique. Finalement, un dernier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de l’impôt progressif sur le revenu et son influence dans la réduction des inégalités économiques dans ce pays
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the dynamics of income distribution in contemporary Ecuador. We defend the thesis that income inequality has declined both at functional and personal level over the last years. However, based on the recent top incomes and wealth accumulation literature and methods we show that the level of income inequality in this country is still very high. The first chapter of this thesis reviews the literature on income and wealth distribution and offers new estimates of wealth-to-income ratios and capital share of income for the 2007-2013 period thanks to national balance sheets. In the second chapter, we construct top income shares series for the period 2004-2011 thanks to micro-level tax return data. We analyze the recent trends of top incomes, their composition, the evolution of average real incomes, and we discuss the methodological challenge of working with tax data and survey data when the main objective is to capture top incomes. In the third chapter, we examine intragenerational income mobility both at the top and middle of the distribution and we analyze the main determinants of income mobility. In the last chapter of this thesis, we study whether tax policy, through progressive income taxation, is helping to reduce inequality in this country

7

Rigg, John Andrew. "Income shares and income inequality in OECD countries since the late 1970s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624524.

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8

Ferreira, Armando dos Santos Ribeiro. "Relative price dynamics, factor shares and endogenous growth." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18916.

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Masters Economics
We present a two sector general-equilibrium model of endogenous growth for a small open economy. We show that the model lias saddle-path stability in- dependently of the factor intensities, however the details of the transitional dynamics will diífer. The dimension of the stable manifold is always one but the slope of the stable manifold changes depending on the factor shares. If the factor shares are such that each sector uses more intensively its own capital, then after a shock the economy will adjust through prices variations. When the factor shares intensities are reversed, the adjustment is made through quantities variations. Moreover we find that a productivity shock on the traded sector has always a positive effect on the relative price. Government demand shocks have no long run effect on the relative price and its effect ou the GDP is not clear.
Modelizamos uma pequena economia aberta cora dois sectores e crescimento endógeno. Mostramos que o modelo apresenta estabilidade tipo sela inde- pendentemente das intensidades factoriais, no entanto as propriedades da dinâmica de transição vão diferir. A dimensão das trajectórias convergentes é sempre um mas a inclinação muda dependendo das proporções dos fac- tores. No caso de cada sector usar mais intensivamente o seu próprio capital, após um choque, a economia vai estabilizar por variações nos preços e no caso contrário a estabilização é feita por variações nas quantidades. Alem disso, mostramos que um choque de produtividade no sector transaccionável tem sempre um efeito positivo no preço relativo. Choques governamentais de procura não têm efeito de longo prazo no preço relativo e o seu efeito no produto não é claxo.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

9

Singh, Ramvir. "Factor shares in the Canadian forest industries, 1957-84." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28398.

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This study has investigated time-series data from 1957 to 1984 in order to describe the existing functional income distribution and trends in the Canadian forest industries and its constituent sectors viz. logging industry (SIC 04), wood industries (SIC 25), and paper & allied industries (SIC 27). The functional income distribution in these industries has been measured by relative shares of factor inputs: labour, durable capital, money capital, materials, energy, taxes, and entrepreneurship. The study has followed a methodology based on an income accounting approach according to which factor incomes were determined on a realization basis. This approach stresses the cost sharing nature of the resulting relative factor shares. The emphasis is on the long-term trends of relative factor shares, real factor prices, and factor productivities, so that the competitiveness of the industries in the use of various factor inputs was discussed. The principal hypothesis of this study is that: relative factor shares in the forest industries have changed and that the rate of change in a relative factor share is consistent with the difference between the rate of change in real factor price and factor productivity. That is, the observed rate of change in a relative factor share is consistent with the hypothesized rate of change. The results support the principal hypothesis. There is only one exception, that is the observed rate of change in the relative share of stumpage is not consistent with the hypothesized rate of change. In the forest industries, the relative shares of labour, stumpage, taxes, and profit have declined; and those of durable capital, money capital, materials, and energy have increased. Real labour price has substantially increased, while real materials' price has not significantly changed. These and other changes have encouraged technologies which are labour and timber saving, and capital, energy and materials using. As a result, labour productivity and timber productivity have risen, and productivities of other factor inputs have declined. Trends in various variables in the constitutent sectors differ in some cases from the ones for the forest industries in aggregate. The resulting functional income distribution in the Canadian forest industries has been compared with that in the Canadian manufacturing sector and the Finnish forest industries. The directions of change in the relative factor shares, real factor prices, and factor productivities in the forest industries are in general agreement with thsoe in the Canadian manufacturing sector. However, functional income distribution in the Finnish forest industries has been found to be different from that in the Canadian forest industries. Finally, some policy implications of the findings of this study have been suggested and some areas for further research identified.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate

10

Li, Da. "Import price uncertainly, production decisions and relative factor shares in Korea." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1783673.

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Книги з теми "Factor shares of income":

1

Bertola, Giuseppe. Factor shares and savings in endogenous growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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2

Bertola, Giuseppe. Factor shares and savings in endogenous growth. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1991.

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3

Oduor, Jacob. Are prior restrictions on factor shares appropriate in economic growth accounting estimations? Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, 2010.

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4

World Center for Researches and Studies of "The Green Book." Factor shares: Income distribution and the economic basis of the Third universal theory. Tripoli, Jamahiriya: World Center for the Study and Research of The Green Book, 1986.

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5

C, Francisco Rodríguez. Factor shares and resource booms: Accounting for the evolution of Venezuelan inequality. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2000.

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6

Onyenwaku, Chris E. Impact of technological change on output, income, employment and factor shares in rice production in Southeastern Nigeria. Arlington, VA: Winrock International, 1997.

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7

Poterba, James M. The rate of return to corporate capital and factor shares: New estimates using revised national income accounts and capital stock data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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8

Bonis, Valeria De. Regional integration and factor income taxation. Washington, DC: World Bank, Development Research Group, 1997.

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9

Klig, Steven E. Partnerships: Taxable income, allocation of distributive shares, capital accounts. [Washington, D.C.]: Tax Management Inc., 2004.

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10

McWatters, Catherine G. Factors behind the changes in Canada's family income distribution and the share of the middle class. Kingston, Ont: Industrial Relations Centre, Queen's University at Kingston, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Factor shares of income":

1

Dagum, Camilo. "Factor Shares in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom." In Theories of Income Distribution, 199–223. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2661-5_9.

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2

Zhou, Minghai. "Research Development of Theories and Empirics of Factor Income Distribution." In Labor’s Share of Income, 11–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0173-4_2.

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3

Müller, Birgit Charlotte. "Capital Share Risk in International Asset Pricing." In Three Essays on Empirical Asset Pricing in International Equity Markets, 62–93. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35479-4_3.

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ZusammenfassungIn a seminal study, Lettau et al. (2019) demonstrate that a single macroeconomic factor can explain a wide range of equity and nonequity portfolio returns within the U.S. market. This factor, which is based on the growth in the capital share of aggregate income, is able to outperform, yet even subsume information in well-established factor models as for instance the Fama-French three factor model. The aim of this paper is to study whether the explanatory power of this factor maintains across international equity markets.

4

King, J. E. "Relative Income Shares." In Labour Economics, 172–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20829-6_9.

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5

Heim, John J. "Determinants of Factor Shares." In An Econometric Model of the US Economy, 381–444. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50681-4_20.

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6

Zhou, Minghai. "Structure Factors in the Movements of Labor Income Share: Comparison Analysis of Income Approach of GDP and Flow of Funds Account of China." In Labor’s Share of Income, 59–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0173-4_3.

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7

Dhingra-Kumar, Neelam, Silvio Brusaferro, and Luca Arnoldo. "Patient Safety in the World." In Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management, 93–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59403-9_8.

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AbstractPatient safety is a fundamental principle of health care. However, many medical practices and risks associated with health care are emerging as major challenges for patient safety globally and contribute significantly to the burden of harm due to unsafe care. Available evidence suggests hospitalizations in low- and middle-income countries lead annually to 134 million adverse events, contributing to 2.6 million deaths. About 134 million adverse events worldwide give rise to 2.6 million deaths every year. Estimates indicate that in high-income countries, about 1 in 10 patients is harmed while receiving hospital care. This problem affects both high-income countries and low- and middle countries even if priorities and issues may differ. The most important adverse events concern medication procedures, healthcare-associated infections, surgical procedures, injection safety, blood transfusions, venous thromboembolism, sepsis, and diagnostic and radiation errors. Since 1999 when the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published its report “To err is human,” some progress has been made but patient harm is still a daily problem in healthcare. As a matter of fact, new threats are emerging due to population aging, along with new treatments and technologies which must be dealt with in addition to still-unresolved, long-standing problems. In this context, it is very important to adopt an international common strategy that creates networks, shares knowledge, programs, tools, good practices and develop and track indicators focusing on the specific priorities of each country and region.

8

Zaher, Fadi. "Fixed Income Factor Investing." In Index Fund Management, 173–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19400-0_10.

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9

McCallum, John. "Wage Gaps, Factor Shares and Real Wages." In Trade Unions, Wage Formation and Macroeconomic Stability, 294–317. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08596-5_20.

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10

Qingwang, GUO, LV Bingyang, and YUE Ximing. "Trend of factor income distribution." In Regulating Effect of Tax on Chinese National Income Distribution, 49–77. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: China perspectives: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429448126-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Factor shares of income":

1

KALINOWSKI, Sławomir, and Barbara KIEŁBASA. "RISK OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.044.

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This paper addresses the poverty risk issues in the context of sustainable development of rural areas. Empirical materials included in this paper are based on EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) partial studies, and provide a reference point for comparing the EU income distribution and social integration statistics. Poverty reduction and counteracting social exclusion are among the key Millennium Development Goals. According to studies, one in four inhabitants of EU rural areas is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. While the highest shares of at-risk population are recorded in Bulgaria (54.8%) and Romania (50.8%), the levels reported by Poland and Lithuania are also above the EU average (by 4.5 and 9.2 percentage points, respectively). At the other end of the spectrum, the risk rate in the Netherlands and Czech Republic is 12.8%. For the households, income is a factor underpinning their economic safety and, thus, their confidence. The amount of incomes affects the objective poverty levels measured with a parametric method. In the EU, persons earning no more than 60% of the national median income are assumed to be at risk of poverty. Therefore, the risk of poverty affects nearly every fifth inhabitant of EU rural areas. Poverty and social exclusion are multidimensional aspects which result in unmet needs in multiple areas: healthcare, education, housing, culture and leisure. While triggering some kind of feedback loop, insufficient incomes are both the cause and the effect of deprivation of needs. Also, they provide favorable conditions for an unsustainable development of rural areas.

2

Bal, Harun, Müge Manga, and Esma Erdoğan. "Testing the Validity of Linder Hypothesis Using Gravity Model: The Case of Turkey and Selected Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02261.

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In this study, the validity of the Linder Hypothesis has been tested based on export and import intensity of foreign trade flows between Turkish economy and selected Transition Countries. According to this hypothesis, the more similar the demand structures and per capita income levels of countries, the more they will trade with one another. The hypothesis uses the difference between the per capita income of countries engaged in foreign trade as the main parameter and indicates that a fall in income difference between two countries increases the validity of the Linder hypothesis by increasing the intensity of foreign trade of the countries. The study considers selected Transition Countries having rising share of foreign trade with Turkey during the period 2001-2017 to examine the validity of Linder Hypothesis in the context of foreign trade flows employing Gravity Models that shows "Aggregate Linder Demand Effect" and panel data analysis. Test results does not support Linder hypothesis in terms of export and import intensity of foreign trade flows between Turkish economy and selected Transition Countries during 2001-2017, rather factor endowment does matter for inter-industry foreign trade.

3

Gül Yavuz, Gonca, Bülent Miran, and Tijen Özüdoğru. "Cereals Producers’ Agricultural Aims and Their Tendencies to Sustain Agricultural Production in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01341.

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The change in income level and urbanization bring a different dimension to the demand to agricultural products from the food habits to supply food, increase the attention to the cereals production and enhance the agricultural effect of cereals which are the main food source of people and are used as feed and in industry. Cereals have the biggest share in agricultural production in terms of both production volume and sowing area in Turkey which produces a lot of agricultural products thanks to the climate and soil characteristics. In this study, in Turkey which is globally an important actor in cereals production and trade, the aims of producers in agricultural production and the factors in the process of making decision toward sustaining production are studied by the best-worst analysis method. Also, the relationship between the sustainability of the agriculture and cereals production, and the individual characteristics and farm structures of producers are examined by bivariate probit analysis method. In this context, study is conducted by 961 producers with face-to-face surveys in 14 provinces. According to the results, while “to increase living standards” is the most important agricultural aim, “good crop price” is the most important factor for sustainability of the agriculture. Moreover, education, agricultural experiences, household size, cereals area and total farm land are determined as the effective factors on sustainability.

4

Olejniczak, Jarosław. "Shares in income taxes as a budget revenues of urban-rural municipalities." In XIX. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků. Brno: Masaryk university, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8273-2016-112.

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5

Privarova, Magdalena. "INCOME DISPARITY AS A FACTOR OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b23/s7.035.

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6

Blot, William J., Margaret Hargreaves, and Wei Zheng. "Abstract SY02-02: Shared risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in a low-income population." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-sy02-02.

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7

Shumilova, Yuliya. "Income Of The Population As A Factor Of Region's Competitiveness." In IV International Scientific Conference "Competitiveness and the development of socio-economic systems" dedicated to the memory of Alexander Tatarkin. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.98.

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8

Lu, Xiaohong, Xinxin Wang, Jing Sun, Hong Zhang, and Yixuan Feng. "The Influence Factors and Prediction of Curve Surface Roughness in Micro-Milling Nickel-Based Superalloy." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6378.

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Micro structure/parts during their useful life are significantly influenced by surface roughness quality. Machining of curve shapes is a necessity in micro-milling process. However, surface roughness in micro-milling curved surfaces is more complex, and few studies on the influence factors and prediction of the micro-milled curve surface roughness in micro-milling nickel-based superalloy have been done. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of spindle speed, the radius of ball-end mill, axial cutting depth, and feed per tooth on the curved surface roughness in micro-milling Inconel 718 process based on single factor and orthogonal experiments. Utilizing the least square method, we build a surface roughness prediction model of micro-milled Inconel 718. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of the developed prediction model. The results indicate that the maximum relative error is 10.68%, and the mean relative error is 8.04%, which prove that the prediction model is correct. The work can provide a reference for selection of cutting parameters in micro-milling Inconel 718.

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Both, Lilly Elisabeth. "WILLINGNESS TO SHARE PERSONAL INFORMATION." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact096.

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"The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence an individual’s choice to share personal information online. Specifically, the role of age, gender, personality, overall media exposure, and perceived risks and benefits were examined in relation to a willingness to share personal information that differed in sensitivity (high school grades, medical records, income) and differed in target audience (social media, online store, general public). A total of 202 individuals participated in this survey study. The majority were young (M age = 22.46 years, SD = 5.77), single (83.7%), women (80.7 %), with at least some post-secondary education (90.1%). A series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The results indicated that willingness to share personal information on social media was predicted by having higher scores on the personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness, and negative emotionality. Higher scores on perceived purchase benefits and total media exposure also predicted willingness to share personal information on social media. In terms of willingness to share personal information with an online store, total media exposure was a significant predictor along with higher extraversion and lower conscientiousness scores. Finally, willingness to share personal information with the general public was predicted by overall media exposure. Participants generally believed that there were risks involved in sharing personal information, but these risks were considered to be slight. As well, they only slightly disagreed when asked if the internet could be trusted, and were neutral on whether there were purchase benefits to providing personal information."

10

Gishkaeva, Leila. "Agriculture In The Chechen Republic: A Factor Of Employment And Income Growth." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.237.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Factor shares of income":

1

Poterba, James. The Rate of Return to Corporate Capital and Factor Shares: New EstimatesUsing Revised National Income Accounts and Capital Stock Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6263.

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2

Grossman, Gene, Elhanan Helpman, Ezra Oberfield, and Thomas Sampson. Endogenous Education and Long-Run Factor Shares. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27031.

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3

Bertola, Giuseppe. Factor Shares and Savings in Endogenous Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3851.

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4

Akee, Randall, Maggie Jones, and Sonya Porter. Race Matters: Income Shares, Income Inequality, and Income Mobility for All U.S. Races. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23733.

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5

Cravino, Javier, and Samuel Haltenhof. Real Exchange Rates, Income per Capita, and Sectoral Input Shares. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23705.

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6

Parker, Jonathan, and Annette Vissing-Jorgensen. The Increase in Income Cyclicality of High-Income Households and its Relation to the Rise in Top Income Shares. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16577.

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Razin, Assaf, and Chi-Wa Yuen. Factor Mobility and Income Growth: Two Convergence Hypotheses. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5135.

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Altonji, Joseph, Ana Paula Martins, and Aloysius Siow. Dynamic Factor Models of Consumption, Hours, and Income. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2155.

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Alstadsæter, Annette, Martin Jacob, Wojciech Kopczuk, and Kjetil Telle. Accounting for Business Income in Measuring Top Income Shares: Integrated Accrual Approach Using Individual and Firm Data from Norway. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22888.

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Acemoglu, Daron, and Pascual Restrepo. The Race Between Machine and Man: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares and Employment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22252.

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