Дисертації з теми "FDNA"
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Thien, Huynh Luong Huynh Luong Thien. "Filtres passe-bande à FDNC et à FDNR /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=418.
Повний текст джерелаOliveira, Rodrigo Gomes. "Fertilizantes organominerais no crescimento e valor nutritivo de Urochloa brizantha, em diferentes umidades do solo." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1532.
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A pecu?ria exerce uma grande import?ncia nas exporta??es brasileiras. ? uma atividade econ?mica desenvolvida em ?reas rurais que consiste na cria??o de gado, caracterizada pela depend?ncia no uso de pastagens devido ao menor custo de produ??o. Com isso ? necess?rio uma grande ?rea de pastagens bem estruturada e com folhas e perfilhos de boa qualidade para suprir as exig?ncias do rebanho, tendo com isso uma boa lucratividade. Atualmente, uma das esp?cies forrageira que se encontra amplamente difundida no pa?s, ? a Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha). Tal ocorr?ncia ? devida essa gram?nea, ter boa adapta??o a solos menos f?rteis, de textura arenosa e tolerar altas satura??es de alum?nio. Por?m, nas ?reas utilizadas para cultivo destas pastagens muitas se encontram com algum grau de degrada??o devido ? falta de manuten??o, em especial a falta de aduba??o e irriga??o. Propor tecnologias que auxiliem no desempenho dessas pastagens e proporcionem sua recupera??o torne-se essencial. Entre alternativas para diminuir a severidade desses problemas, o uso da irriga??o nos per?odos de veranicos pode ser uma t?cnica a ser usada, por?m existem regi?es no pa?s que a ?gua ? escassa e com isso essa t?cnica ? inv?lida. Outra op??o ? o uso de fertilizantes, por?m ? uma atividade de alto custo, com isso produtores procuram fertilizantes cada vez mais eficazes. O uso de fertilizantes organominerais vem se destacando, devido conter uma parte org?nica na sua formula??o e esta por sua vez, faz com que a libera??o dos nutrientes seja de forma mais lenta, promovendo menores perdas, al?m de auxiliar na reten??o de ?gua no solo.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
Livestock farming is of great importance in brazilian exports. It is an economic activity developed in rural areas that consists of the cattle raising, characterized by the dependence on the use of pastures due to the lower cost of production. This requires a large, well-structured pasture area with good quality leaves and tillers to meet the requirements of the herd, thus making a good profitability. Currently, one of the forage species that is widely distributed in the country, is Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha). Such occurrence is due to this grass, to have good adaptation to less fertile soils, of sandy texture and to tolerate high saturations of aluminum. However, in the areas used for cultivation of these pastures many are found to have some degree of degradation due to lack of maintenance, especially the lack of fertilization and irrigation. Proposing technologies that aid in the performance of these pastures and make their recovery become essential. Among alternatives to reduce the severity of these problems, the use of irrigation in summer periods may be a technique to be used, however there are regions in the country that water is scarce and thus this technique is invalid. Another option is the use of fertilizers, but it is a high-cost activity, with producers seeking more and more effective fertilizers. The use of organomineral fertilizers has been highlighted, due to the fact that it contains an organic part in its formulation and this, in turn, causes the release of nutrients to be slower, promoting lower losses, besides helping to retain water in the soil.
Lin, Heng Cho. "Kalman filtering of FDOA /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390104.
Повний текст джерелаXinzhu, Jin. "Channel Estimation Techniques of SC-FDMA." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1262.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract
This master thesis investigates several di®erent channel estimation techniques in an SC-
FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) system with parameters set
according to the standards of 3GPP LTE (3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term
Evolution). 3GPP LTE is the name given to a project within the 3GPP to improve the
mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements. In this thesis, we ¯rst introduce
the SC-FDMA system, which is a transmission technique that utilizes single carrier mod-
ulation, then ¯ve types of estimators are investigated. Essential to all channel estimatiors
is the use of pilot symbols. In the last part we compare the performance of the channel
estimation techniques with each other in di®erent environments by analysing their symbol
error rates. All simulations are done in a Matlab environment.
Hamdy, Walid M. "Crosstalk in direct detection optical FDMA networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13464.
Повний текст джерелаStover, Rachyl-anne. "Description of the dietary breadth and overlap of the translocated Shark Bay rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus) and banded hare-wallaby (Lagostrophus fasciatus) using scat DNA." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2025. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2922.
Повний текст джерелаHaiou, Zheng, and Zhang Naitong. "ANALYSIS OF HYBRID FDMA/CDMA SYSTEMS IN RICIAN FADING." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606808.
Повний текст джерелаIn this paper, a hybrid frequency division multiple access/code division multiple access (FDMA/CDMA) system in a Rician fading channel is described and analysis. The performance of the hybrid system is compared with a wideband CDMA system, which occupies the same total bandwidth. The results show that for DPSK modulation with a RIKE receiver, a hybrid system can have a greater capacity with a strong direct path component or a high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Otherwise, a wideband system remains optimal.
Oliveira, Francisco João Melim Machado de. "Precoding and equalization schemes for SC-FDMA heterogeneous networks." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14544.
Повний текст джерелаMobile traffic in cellular networks is increasing exponentially. Small-cells are considered as a key solution to meet these requirements. Under the same spectrum the small-cells and the associated macro-cell (forming the so called heterogeneous systems) must cooperate so that one system can adapt to the other. If no cooperation is considered then the small-cells will generate harmful interference at the macro-cell. Interference alignment (IA) is a precoding technique that is able to achieve the maximum degrees of freedom of the interference channel, and can efficiently deal with inter-systems interference. Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is a promising solution technique for high data rate uplink communications in future cellular systems. Conventional linear equalizers are not efficient to remove the residual inter-carrier interference of the SC-FDMA systems. For this reason, there has been significant interest in the design of nonlinear frequency domain equalizers in general and decision feedback equalizers in particular, with the iterative block decision feedback equalizer (IB-DFE) being the most promising nonlinear equalizer. In this dissertation we propose and evaluate joint interference alignment precoding at the small cell user terminals with iterative non-linear frequency domain equalizer at the receivers (macro base station and central unit) for SC-FDMA based heterogeneous networks. The small-cell precoders are designed by enforcing that all generated interference at the macro-cell is aligned in an orthogonal subspace to the macro-cell received signal subspace. This enforces that no performance degradation is observed at the macro cell. Then, we design an iterative nonlinear frequency domain equalizer at the macro-cell receiver that is able to recover the macro-cell spatial streams, in the presence of both small-cell and inter-carrier interferences. The results show that the proposed transmitter and receiver structures are robust to the inter-system interferences and at the same time are able to efficient separate the macro and small cells spatial streams.
O trafego móvel nas redes celulares tem aumentado exponencialmente. As pico- células são consideradas como a solução chave para cumprir estes requisitos. Dentro do mesmo espectro, as pico-células e as macro-células (formando os chamados sistemas heterogéneos) precisam de colaborar de modo a que um sistema possa adaptar-se ao outro. Se não for considerada a cooperação, então as pico-células irão gerar interferência prejudicial na macro-célula. Interference alignment (IA) é uma técnica de précodificação que é capaz de atingir o grau máximo de liberdade do canal de interferência, e consegue lidar eficazmente com interferência entre sistemas. Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) é uma solução técnica promissora para transmissão de dados em uplink, para sistemas celulares futuros. Equalizadores lineares convencionais não são eficientes a remover a interferência residual entre portadoras dos sistemas SC-FDMA. Por este motivo, tem havido interesse significativo no desenho de equalizadores não lineares no domínio da frequência em geral e em equalizadores baseados em decisão por feedback em particular, tendo o iterative block decision feedback equalizer (IB-DFE) como o equalizador não linear mais promissor. Nesta dissertação propomos e avaliamos précodificação de alinhamento de interferência nos terminais das pico-células em conjunto com equalizadores não lineares no domínio da frequência nos recetores (estação base da macro-célula e unidade central de processamento) para redes heterogéneas baseadas em SC-FDMA. Os précodificadores das pico-células são desenhados de maneira a obrigar a que toda a interferência gerada na macro-célula esteja alinhada num subespaço ortogonal em relação ao subespaço do sinal recebido na macro- célula. Isto obriga a que não seja observada degradação de desempenho na macro-célula. Em seguida, desenhamos um equalizador não linear no domínio da frequência no recetor da macro-célula capaz de recuperar os fluxos de dados da macro-célula, na presença de interferência tanto entre portadoras como das pico-células. Os resultados mostram que as estruturas de transmissão e receção propostas são robustas contra a interferência entre sistemas e ao mesmo tempo capaz de separar eficientemente os dados da macro e das pico células.
Ruder, Michael [Verfasser]. "User Pairing for Mobile Communication Systems with OSC and SC-FDMA Transmission : Benutzerpaarung für Mobilkommunikationssysteme mit OSC und SC-FDMA Übertragung / Michael Ruder." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1066197067/34.
Повний текст джерелаStemick, Martin. "Contributions to Resource Allocation Schemes in Multiuser OFDM-FDMA-Systems /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3415355&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Повний текст джерелаMajeed, Haris, Rahim Umar, and Arslan Ali Basit. "Smart Antenna - MIMO, OFDM and Single Carrier FDMA for LTE." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12328.
Повний текст джерелаHänninen, T. (Tuomo). "Detection algorithms and FPGA implementations for SC-FDMA uplink receivers." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219691.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Tiheään asuttujen kaupunkien uudet langattomat palvelut tarvitsevat tietoliikenneverkkoja, jotka mahdollistavat suuremman tiedonsiirtonopeuden ja kapasiteetin kuin sen, jonka nykyiset mobiiliverkot voivat tarjota. On arveltu, että mobiiliverkkojen kapasiteetin tarve tuhatkertaistuu seuraavan kymmenen vuoden aikana. Tuhatkertainen kapasiteetti on arvioitu saavutettavan kasvattamalla kolmea eri osa-aluetta kymmenkertaiseksi: taajuusspektrin määrä, spektrin käytön tehokkuus sekä tukiasematiheys. Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy spektrin käytön tehokkuuden kasvattamiseen. Moniantennitoteutus (multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO) on siinä välttämätön. MIMO-tekniikkaa hyödyntävien solukkojärjestelmien tukiasemavastaanottimissa tarvitaan melko monimutkainen kanavakorjain sekä ilmaisin, joiden algoritmien optimointi ja toteutus ymmärretään vielä sangen puutteellisesti. Väitöskirjatutkimuksen päätavoitteena on tutkia edistyksellisiä vastaanotinrakenteita, joilla saavutetaan LTE-A-standardin tavoitetiedonsiirtonopeus kohtuullisella kompleksisuudella. Työssä keskitytään ns. nousevaan siirtosuuntaan (uplink) eli päätelaitteesta tukiasemaan tapahtuvaan tiedonsiirtoon, jossa käytetään yhden kantoaallon taajuusjakomonikäyttötekniikkaa (single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access, SC-FDMA) ortognaalisen taajuusjakomonikäytön (orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA) sijaan. Eri vastaanotinrakenteita ja näiden ilmaisinalgoritmeja vertaillaan tietokonesimuloinnein MATLAB-ympäristössä. Väitöskirjassa ehdotetaan kaksiosaista vastaanotinrakennetta, jossa antennien välinen keskinäishäiriö (inter antenna interference, IAI) ja symbolien välinen keskinäisvaikutus (intersymbol interference, ISI) poistetaan kahdessa eri vaiheessa. Tietokoneimulaatiot osoittavat ko. rakenteen parantavan suorituskykyä huomattavasti perinteiseen lineaariseen keskineliövirheen minimoivaan (linear minimum mean square error, LMMSE) vastaanottimeen verrattuna. Nk. K parasta polkua valitsevan MIMO-ilmaisinalgoritmin listan koolla kahdeksan todetaan tarjoavan 4x4 MIMO 64-tasoisen kvadratuuriamplitudimodulaation (quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM) ympäristössä parhaan kompromissin suorituskyvyn ja kompleksisuuden suhteen. Käytännön toteutettavuuden kannalta keskitytään ohjelmoitavaan digitaalipiiritoteutukseen (field-programmable gate array, FGPA) ja ns. korkean tason synteesi (high-level synthesis, HLS) -työkalujen käyttöön vastaanottimen suunnittelussa. K parasta polkua valitsevan MIMO-ilmaisinalgoritmin arkkitehtuurivertailut osoittavat, että sinänsä vaativaa lajittelualgoritmia ei aina kannata yrittää välttää kirjallisuudessa aikaisemmin ehdotetulla ratkaisulla. Useita eri HLS työkaluja käytetään FPGA toteutuksissa ja todetaan että työkalut ovat kehittyneet huomattavasti viimeisen kahdeksan vuoden aikana. Lisäksi todetaan, että 16 nm viivanleveyden piireillä voidaan saavuttaa noin 15 % suurempi ilmaisunopeus ja 60 % pienempi tehonkulutus verrattuna 28 nm viivanleveyttä käyttäviin piireihin. Erityisesti potentiaali tehonkulutuksen minimoiseksi kannattaa hyödyntää, mikäli signaalinkäsittely näyttelee merkittävää roolia vastaanottimen kokonaistehonkulutuksessa. Kokonaisuutena todetaan, että toteutukseen liittyvät valinnat sekä vaikutus lopputulokseen, tulisi ottaa huomioon jo algoritmien valinnassa. Pieni ero kahden eri algoritmin suorituskyvyn välillä häviää helposti toteutusvaiheen ratkaisujen vaikutusten alle
Cunha, Pedro Miguel Rodrigues. "Implementing the SC-FDMA transmission technique using the GNURadio platform." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12251.
Повний текст джерелаFCT/MEC - (PTDC/EEA- TEL/120666/2010), MANY2COMWIN (EXPL/EEI-TEL/0969/2013) and ADIN (PTDC/EEI-TEL/2990/2012)
Ciocco, Timothy Michael. "A comparison study of CDMA versus TDMA/FDMA LEO satellite systems." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA307158.
Повний текст джерелаThesis advisor(s): Paul H. Moose, R. Clark Robertson. "March 1996." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
Ichikawa, Naoki, Masaaki Katayama, Hiraku Okada, Takaya Yamazato, and Akira Ogawa. "Comparison of CDMA and FDMA/TDMA in non-GEO Satellite Systems." IEEE, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7750.
Повний текст джерелаShaikh, Abdul Samad, and Khatri Chandan Kumar. "Performance Evaluation of LTE Physical Layer Using SC-FDMA & OFDMA." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3080.
Повний текст джерелаAuthor 01: Abdul Samad Shaikh, Phone # 0046-760915236 Author 02 : Khatri Chandan Kumar, Phone # 0046-762649745
Ruchet, Bernard. "Réalisation expérimentale d'une détection cohérente pour un système optique CDMA/FDMA." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/MQ31791.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHarrington, Michael J. "New York City’s first responders: enhancing collaboration between NYPD and FDNY." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/44573.
Повний текст джерелаIn a post-9/11 world, cooperation among first-responders in New York City is absolutely essential for maintaining public safety. Although more than a decade has passed since 9/11, inter-agency communication between the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) is still far from perfect. This paper examines the inter-agency cooperation changes made since 9/11, not only between the NYPD and the FDNY, but all agencies in state of New York charged with public safety. I also consider which approaches have worked to foster inter-agency cooperation, including the use of fusion centers, central agencies charged with coordinating emergency responses (such as the New York City Office of Emergency Management), and structured protocols like the Citywide Incident Management System that clearly delineate the roll of each agency at the scene of an emergency. Finally, I examine potential approaches that have not been implemented but could prove fruitful, and I make recommendations on what approaches should be taken in order to foster greater inter-agency cooperation.
Ou, Po-Hsiang. "Climate change v Eurozone crisis : social and economic views of risk in inter-expert risk communication." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f3619fc5-fd2a-483b-92b5-94aa90ce13d1.
Повний текст джерелаWylie-Green, Marilynn P., and Erik Perrins. "A Novel Multi-H CPM-SC-FDMA Transmission Scheme for Aeronautical Telemetry." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606165.
Повний текст джерелаIn this paper, we propose multi-h CPM-SC-FDMA, a novel transmission scheme which combines many of the key characteristics of continuous phase modulation (CPM) with single carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) to produce a power efficient, robust modulation which is suitable for high-rate multiple-access aeronautical telemetry applications. The basis of our approach is found in the observation that the discrete-time samples from a CPM waveform constitute a constant envelope time domain sequence which can be pre-coded and subsequently mapped to a set of orthogonal subcarriers for an FDMA-style transmission. The resulting waveform exhibits power efficiency and easily supports multiple access.
Karaca, Zeynal. "Essays on pharmaceuticals and health care expenditures." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1915.
Повний текст джерелаRocha, Fernanda Cipriano. "Níveis de uréia, períodos de amonização e aeração sobre a composição química e digestibilidade “in vitro” da matéria seca da silagem de capim-elefante cv. Napier." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2001. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11139.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Departamento de Zootecnia, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, objetivando determinar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes níveis de uréia (0, 2, 4 e 6%), em combinação com diferentes períodos de amonização (30 e 60 dias) e aeração (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias) sobre a composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da silagem de capim-elefante (Penisetum purpureum, Schum) – cv. Napier colhido em avançado estado de maturidade. A amonização com uréia elevou (P<0,01) o pH da silagem de capim- elefante em função dos níveis aplicados. Observou-se efeito da interação períodos de amonização x períodos de aeração para fibra em detergente neutro (P<0,01), fibra em detergente ácido (P<0,05) e celulose (P<0,05). Para lignina e hemicelulose, verificou-se efeito (P<0,01) da interação níveis de uréia x períodos de amonização x períodos de aeração. A proteína burta e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foram influenciados (P<0,01) apenas pelos níveis crescentes de uréia. Os conteúdos de NIDA foram influenciados pela interação níveis de uréia e períodos de amonização (P<0,05). O desenvolvimento de fungos foi verificado nos níveis 0 e 2% de uréia; portanto, não foram eficientes na conservação da silagem de capim-elefante. Os níveis de 4 e 6 % de uréia mostraram-se promissores para a amonização de silagens de capim-elefante, colhido em avançado estádio de maturidade, uma vez que promoveram efeitos benéficos no conteúdo de proteína bruta, NIDA e DIVMS, além de inibirem o crescimento de fungos nessas silagens.
The research was developed in the Department of Zootecnia, of the Federal University of Viçosa, with the objective of determining the effects of the application of different urea levels (0, 2, 4 and 6%), in combination with different amonization periods (30 and 60 days) and aeration (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) on elephant-grass (Penisetum purpureum, Schum) - cv. Napier silage, picked in advanced state of maturity, chemical composition and “in vitro” digestibility. The amonization with urea elevated (P <0,01) the pH of the elephant-grass silage in function of the applied levels. Effect of the interaction amonization periods x aeration periods was observed for neutral detergent fiber (P <0,01), acid detergent fiber (P <0,05) and cellulose (P <0,05). With lignin and hemicelulose, effect (P <0,01) of the interaction urea levels x amonização periods x aeration periods was verified. Dry matter crude protein, and “in vitro” digestibility were influenced (P <0,01) only by the growing levels of urea. The contents of ADF-N were influenced by the interaction urea levels and amonization periods (P <0,05). The development of fungus was verified in the levels 0 and 2% of urea; therefore, they were not efficient in the conservation of the elephant-grass silage. The levels of 4 and 6% of urea were shown to be promising for the amonization of elephant-grass silages, picked at advanced stadium of maturity, once they promoted beneficial effects in the content of crude protein, ADF-N and IVDMD, besides they inhibit the growth of fungus in those silages.
Dissertação importada do Alexandria
Karlsson, Alexander. "Feasibility Study for Single Platform Airborne FDOA and TDOA Estimation With Unknown Source." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192443.
Повний текст джерелаRiktning av ankomst (förkortat DOA) är ett väl studerat ämne och används i många olika sammanhang. Även om det ofta är baserat på tidsskillnader i ankomst (förkortat TDOA) hos koherenta vågor, är det ibland möjligt att även använda frekvensskillnader i ankomst (förkortat FDOA). Genom att kombinera TDOA och FDOA kan ett mer pålitligt estimat av DOA fås. Detta kan vara användbart i militära sammanhang så som spaning och övervakning då målet är att lokalisera okända sändare. Det är dock inte alltid möjligt att uppnå noggranna TDOA och FDOA estimat. I denna studie undersöks villkoren för detta för fallet då mottagarna är på samma luftburna farkost. En metod för att simulera och estimera TDOA och FDOA visas också. Resultaten baseras på simuleringar med tre olika signaltyper och villkor för vilka noggranna TDOA och FDOA estimat kan uppnås tas fram. Dessa villkor är tagna från Cramér-Raos sats för TDOA och FDOA. Det visas att FDOA kan i vissa sammanhang ge en högre noggrannhet i DOA estimatet än vad som är möjligt med TDOA.
Sun, Han. "Stereochemistry of Challenging Natural Products Studied by NMR-based Methods." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-FD1A-F.
Повний текст джерелаWalker, Aled. "Topics in analytic and combinatorial number theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d48a697-fd7a-4aca-bebe-4806322bdbbd.
Повний текст джерелаHeller, Gillis L. "Hepatic and renal impairment trials : FDA guidance and industry practice /." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38030548.
Повний текст джерелаSingh, Inder Raj S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Factors influencing the time for FDA review of medical devices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42216.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaf 98).
Companies must receive marketing authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before they can begin commercial distribution of a new type of medical device in the United States. The premarket approval application (PMA) is the process by which this occurs. Companies submit a PMA after they have completed laboratory test, animal studies and human clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the device for a specific condition, or therapeutic indication. Despite legislation in the early part of this decade to reduce the timeframe for FDA review of PMAs, these timeframes continue to vary dramatically and unpredictably from months to many years. The focus of this thesis is to examine factors which influence this timeframe. Hypotheses about factors that impact PMA review timeframes were developed by analyzing the review process and through interviews with industry representatives and FDA officials. The following factors were evaluated: year of submission to FDA, size of firm seeking approval, presence of prior approved PMAs by firm seeking approval, product category, first-of-a-kind device, number of amendments, expedited review status, advisory panel review, unanimous advisory panel vote, and confirmation of primary efficacy endpoints in pivotal clinical trials. The year of submission was considered a control variable. The other factors fall into one of three categories: applicant characteristics, device characteristics, and process characteristics. Analysis was limited to PMAs received by FDA from 2000 through 2005. Two levels of analysis were conducted.
(cont.) First, the directional impact of each factor on PMA review time was evaluated. Second, regression analysis was used to develop predictive models for PMA review time, in days, and to test which factors have meaningful associations when controlling for other factors. Factors that have highly statistically significant associations with longer review timeframes include: a larger number of amendments, and designation as an orthopedic device. Designation as an orthopedic device has a particularly dramatic impact on PMA review time. Orthopedic devices have a mean PMA review time of 647 days, 240 days longer (66% more) than the average for all other categories combined. Even after controlling for process, device, and applicant factors, the impact of an orthopedic designation remains large, increasing the review time by 175 days (p<0.01). In a univariate regression model, each additional amendment is associated with 20.2 additional days (p<0.0001) of review time. After controlling for other factors, each additional amendment is associated with 17.5 additional days (p<0.0001) of review time. Although the number of amendments cannot be known - or predicted - in advance of PMA submission, its significance (R-squared of 0.25 in a univariate regression model) in predicting PMA review timeframes reinforces the notion that quality - primarily of the dossier, in terms of its organization, clarity and completeness, but also of the adequacy of the underlying data to substantiate safety and effectiveness - is critically important to the achieving a shorter PMA review time. Only one factor has an association that in the opposite direction to that hypothesized. PMAs with an expedited review status have mildly longer PMA review times, by 37 days, than those that were not expedited.
(cont.) This result can be explained in part by the larger number of amendments on these PMAs (corr=0.32). When controlling for the number of amendments and other important factors, an expedited review designation has a significant impact on PMA review timeframes in the opposite, but hypothesized direction - it shortens PMA review times by 146 days (p<0.01).
by Inder Raj Singh.
S.M.
Koert, Andrew J. (Andrew James). "Factors influencing FDA clearance time for medical device 510(k)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62522.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-174).
Since the FDA Modernization Act of 1997, recent legislation has sought to establish performance goals and consistency in the regulatory review and clearance of new medical devices. Despite these goals, regulatory review times have varied dramatically for devices seeking clearance through the 510(k) pathway; devices that are by definition "substantially equivalent" to other devices previously cleared by the FDA and currently on the market. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the factors that impact the ability for a company to obtain a 510(k) clearance in a predictable timeframe and assess the most important factors that influence time to clearance. The Medical Device industry is a dynamic and rapidly evolving sector that presents complex challenges to regulatory oversight. The 510(k) program and larger device regulatory process has endured the test of time and is well structured to address these challenges. This research focuses on the 7,481 510(k) "substantially equivalent" clearances during the period from October 1, 2007 through June 30, 2010 (FY08 - Q3FY10) in order to analyze the variables that impact clearance times. By testing various hypotheses about the most important factors I aim to provide the device community with the data and suggestions for improving confidence around a particular 510(k) submission's likely approval time. I performed subset analyses on the dataset, segmenting clearances by the type of 510(k) (traditional, abbreviated, and special), clinical category, fiscal year of clearance, use of 3rd party review, submission volume, and product diversity according to clinical category. The results show a distinct increase in clearance time from FY08 to FY10 and suggest that recent scrutiny of the FDA premarket review process may be affecting the efficiency of the Agency FDA review process for medical devices. Further, the 3rd party review program is under-utilized with only 14%, on average, of eligible devices gaining clearance through this process. Through a discussion of two specific critiques of the 510(k) process, namely a recent Government Accountability Office study and an article by the Public Citizen (a public advocacy group), the potential implications of regulatory reform is explored from both a policy and industry perspective.
by Andrew J Koert.
S.M.
Yameogo, Yvon Sosthène. "Etudes de nouvelles techniques d'estimation et d'égalisation de canal adaptées au systéme SC-FDMA." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657895.
Повний текст джерелаYameogo, Yvon Sosthène. "Études de nouvelles techniques d'estimation et d'égalisation de canal adaptés au système SC-FDMA." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S139.
Повний текст джерелаThe SC-FDMA « Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access », is a multipleaccess scheme, allowing efficient communication resources allocation to multiplemobile terminals. This technique aroused particular interest during the 3GPPLTE « Long Term Evolution »standard specifications. The reconsideration of thistechnique is related to the low amplitude variation of the generated temporal signal,which is characterized by a low PAPR « Peak to Average Power Ratio ». Thismajor advantage makes possible a use of power amplifier system in the area nearthe compression point, thus maximizing performance avoiding any distortions. Thus, this system was adopted in the new standard of 3GPP LTE as multipleaccess scheme for uplink communication. However, in the 3GPP LTE specifications, one symbol over seven is systematicallyreserved for channel estimation on all sub-carriers that occurs to the system usefulthroughput decreasing. The objective of this thesis is to propose some estimationand equalization techniques adapted for SC-FDMA system to avoid the loss ofthe useful throughput. We have investigated, some equalization techniques suchas one based on ghosts references, but also some estimation techniques as onebased on « Added Signal » in the useful signal bandwidth
Go, James, Brian Hreniuc, Kevin Tran, and Janet Cooley. "Consumer Knowledge of Proper Sunscreen Application." The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614208.
Повний текст джерелаSpecific Aims: To determine what the general public understands about sunscreen and to see if specific groups need more targeted marketing and education about sunscreen. Methods: Questionnaires administered to eligible participants that rated the participants’ knowledge of general sun safety, sunscreen application, and FDA labeling on sunscreen products compared to demographic data. Demographic data were collected on age, gender, years resided in Arizona, whether participants has or known anyone with a history of skin cancer and ethnicity. Main Results: Questionnaires were completed by 62 participants. When comparing skin cancer versus no skin cancer using student’s t-test, there was no significant difference (P=0.09). When comparing gender versus total using student’s t-test, there was no significant difference (P=0.62). When comparing ethnicity versus total using ANOVA, F < Fcritical indicating there was no difference. When comparing age versus total using ANOVA, F < Fcritical indicating there was no difference. When comparing years residing in Arizona versus total using ANOVA, F < Fcritical indicating there was no difference. Conclusion: Consumer knowledge of general sun safety, sunscreen application, and FDA labeling on sunscreen products appears to have little to no difference between each demographic category.
Solanki, B. S. "Valorization of biomass derived platform molecule via catalytic hydrogenation and oxidation." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2022. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/6091.
Повний текст джерелаPotthoff, Katharina. "FDA drug approval an analysis of the effects on stock prices /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01665991002/$FILE/01665991002.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Daniel Rodrigues. "Equivalência entre dois algoritmos de pontos interiores FDIPA e FDA-NCP." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4075.
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Apresentamos neste trabalho o algoritmo de pontos interiores e direções viáveis denominado FDIPA para resolução de problemas de otimização definido por uma função diferenciável e por restrições de desigualdades. O algoritmo gera uma sequência de pontos interiores a partir de um dado ponto inicial também de interior e converge globalmente com ordem superlinear para um par Karush-Kuhn-Tucker do problema. A cada iteração uma direção de descida da função potencial é calculada inicialmente pela resolução de um sistema nas variáveis dual e primal. Apresentamos também o algoritmo FDA para resolução de problemas de complementaridade definido por uma função diferenciável e não linear. Mostramos a equivalência entre os dois métodos no sentido de gerarem as mesmas direções de descida, viável e de restauração a partir de uma atualização dos multiplicadores de Lagrange do problema de otimização. Realizamos uma comparação entre os métodos em uma coletânea de problemas de complementaridade.
In this work we present the algorithm of internal points and viable directions denominated FDIPA to solve optimization problems defined by a differentiable function and by inequalities restrictions. The algorithm generates a sequence of interior points from a given interior starting point and converges globally with superlinear order to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker pair of the problem. At each iteration a descent direction of the potential function is calculated initially by the solution of a system in the dual and primal variables. We also present the FDA algorithm to solve complementarity problems defined by a non-linear differentiable function. We show the equivalence between the two methods in the sense that they generate the same descent, feasible and restoring directions from an update to the Lagrange multipliers of the optimization problem. We perform a comparison between the two methods in a collection of complementarity problems.
Rodrigues, Anderson Barbosa. "Alocação de recursos de rádio para sistemas sc-fdma baseado em relaxamento e programação linear." Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22138.
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In this work, we study the maximization problem of the sum of the weighted data rates in the wireless system’s uplink that uses SC-FDMA. The SC-FDMA multiple access scheme was adopted in the LTE uplink especially because it eases the power amplifier design in the mobile terminals. However, SC-FDMA presents an important restriction in radio resource allocation that is not present in OFDMA that was adopted in the LTE downlink: the resource adjacency or contiguity. With the resource adjacency constraint, the blocks of frequency resources assigned to each mobile terminal should be adjacent in the frequency domain. From the resource allocation point of view, this new constraint not only makes ineffective all previous resource allocation solutions proposed for OFDMA but also turns the problems even more harder in terms of computational complexity. In this work, we study the total data rate maximization problem in uplink SC-FDMA systems. Firstly, we discuss about the optimal solution of the problem that can be obtained through the use of integer optimization techniques. Motivated by the high computational complexity of this solution, we propose an alternative solution based on integer optimization relaxation and application of linear programming. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme is able to achieve the optimal solution in 55% (at least) of the simulations with a much lower computational complexity. For the cases where the solution obtained by continuous linear programming is not integer, the study proposes an algorithm that obtains an integer solution through rounding techniques. We also present a performance analysis comparing the algorithm developed with algorithms present in the literature.
Neste trabalho, estudamos o problema de maximização do somatório das taxas de dados ponderadas no enlace reverso de um sistema sem fio que emprega Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). O esquema de múltiplo acesso SC-FDMA apresenta uma importante restrição quanto a alocação de recursos que não está presente em sistemas Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) (esquema utilizado no enlace direto de sistemas Long Term Evolution (LTE)): a contiguidade ou adjacência de blocos de recursos na frequência. A restrição de adjacência implica que a alocação dos blocos de recursos a cada terminal móvel deve ser feita de forma contígua na frequência. Na ótica de alocação de recursos em redes móveis, essa nova restrição não só inviabiliza o uso das soluções desenvolvidas para OFDMA encontradas na literatura, mas também torna o problema bem mais desafiador do ponto de vista matemático e computacional. Primeiramente, nós discutimos sobre a solução ótima desse problema que pode ser obtida através de programação inteira. Motivado pela alta complexidade computacional desta solução, propomos o uso de técnicas de relaxamento do problema de otimização inteiro e aplicação de programação linear (contínua). Através de simulações computacionais, demonstramos que o esquema proposto é capaz de encontrar a solução ótima em pelo menos 55% das simulações realizadas com uma complexidade computacional muito menor. Para os casos em que a solução obtida pela programação linear contínua não é inteira, o estudo propõe um algoritmo que obtém uma solução inteira através de técnicas de arredondamento. Apresentamos também uma análise de desempenho comparando o algoritmo desenvolvido com algoritmos presentes na literatura.
Zhu, Changwen. "Nonlinear Analysis and Digital Pre-Distortion of the SC-FDMA Signals in LTE Uplink System." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2105.
Повний текст джерелаReiss, Matthew, and Ashli Rasmussen. "Review of FDA Public Hearing Transcript on Behind-the-Counter Availability of Certain Drugs." The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623977.
Повний текст джерелаOBJECTIVES: To explore the viewpoints of physicians, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals on the creation of a behind- the-counter class of drugs. METHODS: This was a descriptive study of testimony contained in public hearings that were held by the FDA regarding behind-the- counter availability of certain medications. A data collection form was created to classify the testimony into categories according to the list comprised of 14 general issues, 11 logistical issues, and 11 miscellaneous issues. Testifiers were divided into three groups: medical, pharmacy, and health care related. Testimonies were analyzed for issues addressed by each speaker and marked pro, con, or neutral next to the corresponding issue. Frequencies and percentages were derived from the count data and groups were compared using a Yate’s Chi-square test. RESULTS: The medical, pharmacy, and health care related groups had a significantly different number of responses (p<0.001). The responses of the medical testifiers were significantly more opposed to a BTC class than the pharmacy testifiers (p<0.001). The pharmacy testimony was also significantly more in favor of a BTC class compared to the health care related groups testimony (p=0.014). The medical testimony was not significantly different from the health care related testimony (p=0.064). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists supported and physicians opposed the creation of a BTC class of drugs. Other healthcare related professionals had mixed opinions as a group.
Hui, Liu, Cheng Leelung, and Zhang Qishan. "THE DESIGN OF C/A CODE GLONASS RECEIVER." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609824.
Повний текст джерелаGLONASS is similar to GPS in many aspects such as system configuration, navigation mechanism, signal structure, etc.. There exists the possibility of receiving and processing GLONASS signals with GPS technology. The frequency plan of the GLONASS system is different from that of GPS. This makes the front-end of GLONASS receiver more complicated. The work here manifests our initial effort in GLONASS receiving. A design scheme is proposed of a C/A code GLONASS receiver.
Witherspoon, Luke. "In Silico Mining of a System Wide Transcriptional Profiling Database for Clinically Relevant Gene Modulation by FDA Approved or FDA Ready Agents; Validation of a Novel Translational Approach." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20118.
Повний текст джерелаTozer, Stephanie Michelle. "Implementation of the new FDA quality by design guidance in pharmaceutical production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44325.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 99-103).
Due to the highly regulated environment, it is difficult to implement changes to a pharmaceutical process. Even small change request approvals can require months of effort for pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies. This resource intensive process discourages continuous improvement and often results in outdated and inefficient manufacturing processes. In response to the growing need for improvement, the FDA issued a guidance to industry that provides a framework for acquiring improved process understanding and product quality in the manufacturing industry. The guidance is aimed at encouraging the use of process analytical technology (PAT) to monitor key quality attributes continuously during the process and enable early fault detection. The goal is to transition from the current method of quality through end of process testing to a new method of quality by design (QbD). In 2005 Novartis Pharma formed a unique collaboration with the FDA in an attempt to demonstrate the benefits and concepts of QbD. A cross-functional team was formed with the goal of developing a case study for one Novartis process that will serve as a model for future implementation of PAT and QbD.During a six month internship, I worked with the Global PAT team members to help ensure the successful implementation of the QbD tools outlined in the FDA Guidance. The internship focused only on the drug substance manufacturing process. Specifically, I was responsible for collecting and analyzing process data during the manufacturing campaign, coordinating the commissioning of an on-line NIR probe and PSD analyzer, and identifying and proposing future benefits of PAT applications to Novartis Pharma.
(cont.) I also conducted a throughput analysis after observing manufacturing operations and analyzing the process data collected during the campaign.My thesis provides a background of the QbD/PAT initiative and includes a thorough literature search to benchmark the progress other pharmaceutical companies have made at applying QbD/PAT. I discuss in more detail the Novartis PAT project, and my specific contribution including the results of the NIR and PSD installation and validation, full scale Design of Experiment activities, Multivariate Data Analysis modeling, and process throughput analysis. I conclude with an analysis of barriers to implementation and provide recommendations for future implementation to other processes and plants at Novartis.
by Stephanie Michelle Tozer.
S.M.
M.B.A.
Lemons, Tonya S. "Measuring the impact of FDA soy health claims on consumers' behavioral intentions /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594481891&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаChiang, Chien-Hung, and 江建宏. "A New Partial Transmit Sequence Algorithm for PAPR Reduction in Multiple SC-FDMA Systemsin Multiple SC-FDMA Systems." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09741081658015272630.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
101
Multiple Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (Nx SC-FDMA) system is a promising candidate scheme for LTE-A uplink. It consists of several traditional SC-FDMA streams thus can increase throughput and facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum. However, Nx SC-FDMA has much higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) than traditional SC-FDMA system. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique is one of the attractive scheme to reduce PAPR. This distortionless technique can get sufficient PAPR reduction in Nx SC-FDMA systems. On the other hand, the conventional PTS scheme has high computational complexity and requires additional information for decoding. In this thesis, the research topic is to design a new PTS algorithm for Nx SC-FDMA systems. The major goals of this algorithm are low complexity, no side information while keeping PAPR mitigating ability and BER performance with Optimum PTS. Hence, the proposed algorithm is guided to three features. First, it utilizes new phase factors and a suitable sample extraction method. Second, it has a suboptimum phase sequence searching algorithm to reduce the number of candidates search. Finally, it can be decoded easily without side information. Comparing to previous works from others, the performance degradation of proposed method is little and the computational complexity is reasonable.
Yang, Ying-Mu, and 楊穎穆. "Iterative Multiuser Detection for MIMO SC-FDMA Systems." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83712187122714923485.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
通訊工程研究所
101
With the increasing demand of multimedia services in wireless transmission nowadays, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technologies are adopted in many standards to enhance the data rate and the link robustness. Among others, in 3GPP LTE (3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution), it has been a common method. And the combination of the SC-FDMA modulation scheme for the uplink transmission scheme, to approach the demand for data transmission rates and error performance. Because of, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) combines the desirable characteristics of OFDMA with the low PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) of single-carrier transmission schemes. In this thesis, we using the Space Frequency block code (SFBC) applied on each transmitted block for the multiuser scenario. At receiver side, in order to reduce the search complexity, we can be used the Layered ORthogonal lattice Detector (LORD) algorithm, and combines the Turbo codes for MIMO SC-FDMA systems. Then utilize the Extrinsic Information from Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) decoder to cancel the Multiple Access Interference (MAI). Simulations for an uplink scenario assess the proposed algorithms in several situations.
"Crosstalk in direct-detection optical fiber FDMA networks." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3228.
Повний текст джерелаCaption title.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf [8]).
Research supported by DARPA. F19628-90-C-0002 Research supported by the U.S. Army Research Office. DAAL03-86-K-0171
Chang, Teng-Yuan, and 張騰元. "Spectrally Precoded SC-FDMA With Anchor-Symbol Insertion." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86351682571397200630.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
102
Spectrally precoded single-carrier frequency division multiple access with anchor-symbol insertion (SP-ANC-SC-FDMA) is proposed in this thesis. Fast sidelobe decaying constraints are developed for both interleaved and localized subcarrier allocation schemes. It is shown that when there is no spectral precoding, the proposed ANC-SC-FDMA provide much higher spectral compactness than conventional SC-FDMA without trading off system complexity and PAPR characteristics remarkably. Furthermore, by specifying anchor-symbol value to zero, ANC-SC-FDMA can provide enhanced error performance. After spectral precoding technique is applied, SP-ANC-SC-FDMA can achieve spectral compactness prevalence than ANC-SC-FDMA.
Hao-ChiangChang and 張皓建. "Hybrid-Domain Detection Algorithm for SC-FDMA Systems." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53568613485544314455.
Повний текст джерелаCai, Zong-Han, and 蔡宗翰. "Flexible Resource Allocation for SC-FDMA in LTE." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38243545534684735889.
Повний текст джерела國立宜蘭大學
電子工程學系碩士班
100
The purpose of this thesis is the discussion and comparison of different allocation schemes of resource blocks in a frequency division multiple access system. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) has been selected as the downlink access scheme for LTE and WiMax, whereas single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and OFDMA are chosen as the uplink access schemes for LTE and WiMax, respectively. Resource allocation results will affect the quality of service offered to individual users. Most of the resource allocation methods in literature only apply to the case when the number of resource blocks is an integral multiple of the number of users. In reality, such situations are rare. For example, the probability of the number of resource blocks being a multiple of 64 users is only 1/64. Therefore, we propose dynamic resource block allocation schemes for situations in which the number of resource blocks is not divisible by the number of users. Consequently, the number of resource blocks assigned to individual users is not necessarily equal. The three methods proposed in the thesis are Maximum Fairness Greedy, Compensatory Worst Resource Avoidance, and Compensation Enhanced Greedy. The steps involved in each method are described and illustrated with examples. The time complexity of various methods is analyzed and compared against each other. Simulation results show that the proposed methods are superior to existing methods in fairness, capacity, bit error rate, and flexibility.
"Hybrid FDMA/CDMA wireless ATM and subband image coding." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895722.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-91).
Chapter I --- Hybrid FDMA/CDMA Wireless ATM --- p.1
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.2
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Organization (PART I) --- p.5
Chapter 2 --- Fundamentals --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Spread Spectrum --- p.6
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Direct Sequence (DS) CDMA --- p.6
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Frequency Hopping (FH) CDMA --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Time Hopping (TH) CDMA --- p.8
Chapter 2.1.4 --- MC-CDMA (Multicarrier-CDMA) --- p.9
Chapter 2.2 --- Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) --- p.10
Chapter 3 --- System Model --- p.12
Chapter 4 --- System Capacity --- p.16
Chapter 4.0.1 --- One Homogeneous User Population --- p.16
Chapter 4.0.2 --- Two Homogeneous User Populations --- p.18
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.24
Chapter II --- Subband Image Coding --- p.28
Chapter 6 --- Introduction --- p.29
Chapter 6.1 --- Motivation --- p.29
Chapter 6.2 --- Thesis Organization (PART II) --- p.31
Chapter 7 --- Fundamentals --- p.33
Chapter 7.1 --- Image Fidelity Criteria --- p.33
Chapter 7.1.1 --- Numerical (Quantitative) Measures --- p.34
Chapter 7.1.2 --- Perceptual (Subjective) Measure --- p.34
Chapter 8 --- Wavelet Transform --- p.36
Chapter 8.1 --- Wavelet Theory --- p.37
Chapter 8.2 --- Multiresolution Analysis --- p.39
Chapter 8.3 --- Quality Criteria for Wavelets --- p.42
Chapter 8.4 --- Criteria for filters...................´ب --- p.43
Chapter 8.5 --- Orthogonal Discrete Wavelet Transform --- p.45
Chapter 8.6 --- Biorthogonal Discrete Wavelet Transform --- p.47
Chapter 8.7 --- Wavelet Packets Transform --- p.48
Chapter 8.8 --- Appendix --- p.50
Chapter 8.8.1 --- QMF & CQF --- p.50
Chapter 8.8.2 --- Examples of Orthogonal Filters --- p.53
Chapter 8.8.3 --- Examples of Biorthogonal Filters --- p.53
Chapter 9 --- Transform Coding and Compression --- p.55
Chapter 9.1 --- Transformation Techniques --- p.56
Chapter 9.2 --- Quantization --- p.57
Chapter 9.2.1 --- Scalar Quantization --- p.57
Chapter 9.2.2 --- Llyod-Max Quantization --- p.59
Chapter 9.2.3 --- Vector Quantization --- p.59
Chapter 9.2.4 --- Successive Approximation Entropy-Coded Quantization --- p.60
Chapter 9.3 --- Entropy Coding --- p.61
Chapter 9.3.1 --- Huffman Coding --- p.61
Chapter 9.3.2 --- Arithmetic Coding --- p.62
Chapter 9.3.3 --- Dictionary Based Coding --- p.64
Chapter 9.3.4 --- Run Length Coding --- p.65
Chapter 9.3.5 --- Example --- p.65
Chapter 10 --- Embedded Zerotree Algorithm --- p.69
Chapter 10.1 --- Significance Map Encoding --- p.70
Chapter 10.2 --- Successive Approximation Entropy Coded Quantization --- p.72
Chapter 10.3 --- Example --- p.74
Chapter 10.4 --- Comments on EZW --- p.77
Chapter 11 --- Residue Coding Using Embedded Zerotree Algorithm --- p.79
Chapter 11.1 --- Residue Coding --- p.80
Chapter 11.2 --- Results --- p.81
Chapter 12 --- Conclusion --- p.86
Yu, Rih-Hsiang, and 余日翔. "A study of Single-Carrier FDMA in LTE uplink." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09358478771127388663.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
102
The current standard in 3rd Generation partnership project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) uses orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) for downlink and single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) for uplink. SC-FDMA is a modified form of OFDMA, and it is a promising technique for high data rate transmission. In our research, we analyze the LTE uplink in the data modulations, subcarrier mapping schemes, techniques for PAPR reduction and resource allocations. We observe that the PAPR performance in localized SC-FDMA (LFDMA) is slightly better than OFDMA, but much worse than interleaved SC-FDMA (IFDMA), so we design feedback searching selective mapping and symbol-replaced methods that reduce the PAPR of LFDMA signals. The numerical results reveal their performance in reducing PAPR compared with basic SLM. Finally we propose a BER-enhanced greedy method, which assigns the resource blocks more efficiently under certain assumptions. The simulation results show that the proposed method has a great performance improvement in bit error rate (BER).
Tang, Chih-Yuan, and 湯智淵. "Envy-Free Subchannel Allocation Mechanism in SC-FDMA Environments." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99476688408290074979.
Повний текст джерела國立中央大學
通訊工程學系
102
Nowadays, thanks to the evolution of mobile communication, number of mobile equipment is increasing and bandwidth is also growing. Communication research want to find how to achieve maximum throughput in the limited bandwidth. But, fairness between users was talk about rarely in studies. It’s an important issue under the trend of increasing mobile communication users. 3GPP LTE uses single-carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA)architecture for the uplink. Unlike Orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA), SC-FDMA add a pre-coder FFT. This method can reduce the peak to average power ratio, and effectively increase the transmission power efficiency. But, there are some restrictions of subchannel allocation in SC-FDMA. How to allocate the subchannels efficiently under the restrictions to maintain the fairness between users, is the kernel target in study. In this thesis, we proposed a subchannel allocation algorithm called ‟ envy-free suchannel allocation’’ which can reduce the envy behavior among users due to unequal allocated subchannel in SC-FDMA environments. The proposed scheme minimizes the total system spectral efficiency difference between each users. And then we proposed how to find the best tradeoff between fairness and total system spectral efficiency. It can improve fairness between users, subject to maintaining some total system spectral efficiency. Simulation results show that, by maintaining at least 80% and 75% total system spectral efficiency of ITU-R Ped.A channel and Veh.A channel, envy-free method can improve the spectral efficiency difference between users 40 times than general maximum total system spectral efficiency method in same SER performance. This envy-free subchannel allocation method significantly reduce the envy behavior among users.