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Статті в журналах з теми "Flux visibles":
1
Manzagol, Claude. "Portée géographique des investissements étrangers." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 17, no. 40 (April 12, 2005): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021104ar.
Анотація:
Si les géographes ont depuis longtemps reconnu l'importance des flux de capital qui sous-tendent la circulation des biens visibles, ils ont accordé peu d'attention aux mouvements internationaux de l'argent dont l'impact était difficile à mesurer. La période actuelle est marquée par la montée rapide, dans la plupart des pays, des investissements étrangers, essentiellement sous forme d'investissements directs. À la lumière de statistiques et d'ouvrages récents, l'auteur montre comment, outre l'accroissement de l'écart entre pays développés et Tiers Monde, ils modifient les réseaux de flux (biens, personnes, information, innovation) et les structures des pays d'accueil. Ils contribuent en outre à accentuer les disparités régionales, tant il est vrai que leur comportement s'identifie à travers des schémas spatiaux originaux. Certes, l'investissement américain au Canada, qui fournit les exemples les plus démonstratifs, constitue un cas limite. Néanmoins, la montée des entreprises multi-nationales engendre un nouveau système industriel caractérisé par un changement d'échelle de l'appareil de production et une modification radicale des structures et des stratégies d'entreprises.
2
GONDRET, F. "La lipogenèse chez le lapin. Importance pour le contrôle de la teneur en lipides de la viande." INRAE Productions Animales 12, no. 4 (September 1, 1999): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1999.12.4.3891.
Анотація:
La teneur en lipides d’un tissu est la résultante de plusieurs flux métaboliques (dépôt, synthèse, utilisation). Cet article présente les principales caractéristiques de la synthèse des lipides chez le lapin, dans le muscle comparativement aux tissus adipeux visibles et au foie. Le potentiel de synthèse de novo exprimé par le muscle augmente avec l’âge de l’animal, en parallèle à l’accumulation des triglycérides dans les adipocytes intramusculaires. L’activité des enzymes qui fournissent le NADPH nécessaire à la synthèse des acides gras est réduite si l’animal est soumis à une restriction alimentaire en fin d’engraissement, et ceci en parallèle avec une baisse de la teneur en lipides des muscles. A valeur énergétique égale, la nature des acides gras présents dans le régime alimentaire est sans incidence sur l’activité des enzymes de la lipogenèse, mais peut moduler la quantité et la nature des lipides intramusculaires. Des études ultérieures devront être conduites pour évaluer l’importance respective des différentes voies métaboliques dans la détermination de la teneur finale en lipides des muscles.
3
Lardon, Sylvie. "Les trois vi-e-s des territoires ruraux : voyage en France ou ailleurs." Revue Organisations & territoires 29, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1522/revueot.v29n1.1134.
Анотація:
Les territoires ruraux changent : ils nouent de nouvelles relations avec le monde urbain. La planètes’urbanise : elle est le siège de nombreux flux. Ces dynamiques, qui s’étendent sur de larges espaces, occultent celles qui se déroulent à proximité, à faible densité, dans les territoires où pourtant on assiste à un foisonnement d’initiatives. Or, ce sont des territoires vivants qui transforment le monde en articulant l’urbain et le rural, en assumant une solidarité réciproque, en dépassant les limites et les frontières. Pour accompagner ces dynamiques de changement, l’ingénierie territoriale se doit de favoriser l’interterritorialité, l’intégration des échelles et des mondes ainsi que la reconnaissance des innovations sociales et territoriales. Plus encore, elle doit impliquer l’ensemble des acteurs qui sont partie prenante pour donner vie aux territoires en se construisant une vision partagée du territoire et en mettant en oeuvre des actions collectives, en les ancrant dans le territoire et en les rendant visibles et sensibles. Ce cadre conceptuel d’une ingénierie territoriale pour, par et avec les territoires ruraux est issu d’une recherche partenariale en cours avec le territoire du Grand Clermont et du parc naturel régional Livradois-Forez, en région Auvergne- Rhône-Alpes, en France, qui « invente les territoires de demain » autour de son projet alimentaire territorial. Il y a là de nouvelles pistes à explorer qui remettent en cause les procédés traditionnels de production scientifique et de construction de l’action. La rigueur des itinéraires méthodologiques construits et la diversité assumée des dispositifs permettent de monter en généricité. L’imagination valorise cette diversité et produit le futur des territoires.
4
Megessier, C. "The visual and infrared flux calibrations." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 189 (1997): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090011650x.
Анотація:
We present a critical review of the available visible and near infrared flux calibrations. In the visible, the accuracy and the good consistency of three independent determinations of Vega monochromatic flux allow one to recommend with confidence f5556-Vega = 3.46 10−11Wm−2nm−1 within 0.7%. In the near infrared, the possible flux excess of Vega, as compared to that derived from the atmosphere models fitting the visible, does not allow such a good accuracy. The agreement between the calibrations, either from a comparison of Vega to blackbodies or from solar analog stars, would question the calibrations relying on models. More work is necessary to conclude with confidence and then to reduce the uncertainty on the near infrared calibrations.
5
Troshchynska, Yana, Roman Bleha, Lenka Kumbarová, Marcela Sluková, Andrej Sinica, and Jiří Štětina. "Discrimination of flax cultivars based on visible diffusion reflectance spectra and colour parameters of whole seeds." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 3 (July 3, 2019): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/202/2018-cjfs.
Анотація:
Discrimination of yellow and brown seeded flax cultivars was made based on visible (Vis) diffusion reflectance spectra of whole seeds. Hierarchy cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for the discrimination. Multivariate analyses of Vis spectra led to satisfactory discrimination of all flax cultivars of this study. The CIE L*a*b* colour parameters were calculated from the diffusion reflectance Vis spectra. The values of L* were in the range of 48.8–53.6 and 62.6–66.0% for brown and yellow seeded cultivars, respectively. Chromatic parameters a* and b* were in the range of 2.8–4.9 and 7.9–16.4%, respectively. A strong linear correlation (R<sub>2</sub> = 0.9712) was found between a* and b* parameters for all the flaxseed samples. The L* and a* parameters were sufficient for HCA clustering of the individual flax cultivars.
6
Subedi, Bimal, Sameer Nepal, and Ocean Shrestha. "Comparison of Relative Flux Density of Procyon in Visible Band." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.43357.
Анотація:
We present the photometric analysis of Procyon in FITS format using Aladin 9.0 by studying the luminous flux collected by a 16 inch Meade LX200GPS Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope placed at B.P. Koirala National Observa¬tory, Nagarkot, Nepal on April 18, 2017. The maximum and minimum diameters along the maximum and minimum flux regions are constructed. A graph is plotted using a Python custom program for the relative flux density along the two diameters. The flux density varies from the region of extremities of the diameters constructed from 0.25 to a peak of 248.50 in the relative unit. A significant bulging towards the north-eastern portion of Procyon is observed. While moving from the region of maximum flux towards the edge of the north-eastern section, we noticed the bulge prominently. The south-western portion and the other two directions do not show much variation. A possible explanation of the result is discussed.
7
Lei, Yu, Fang Fang Fu, Li Zheng, Zhi Qiang Wang, Xin Zhao, and Hai Lin. "Absolute Luminous Flux and Quantum Yield of Sm3+-Doped Cadmium-Aluminum-Silicate Glasses under the Pumping of Blue Light Emitting Diode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1974.
Анотація:
Absolute luminous flux and quantum yield for multichannel transition emissions have been determined in samarium ion (Sm3+)-doped cadmium-aluminum-silicate (CAS) glasses under the pumping of blue light emitting diode (LED) using an integrating sphere of 30 cm diameter, which connected to a CCD detector with a 400 μm-core optical fiber. The radiant flux and luminous flux for the visible transition emissions (550–750 nm) of Sm3+under the blue LED excitation were solved to be 123 μW and 32 mlm, respectively, which occupied 1.51% and 7.16% of the whole. The total quantum yield of the visible fluorescence of Sm3+has been calculated to be 2.52%. Investigation on optical radiation parameters for multichannel visible transition emissions of Sm3+in CAS glasses provides a reference in developing luminescence and display materials.
8
Kruk, Jeffrey W. "Review of the ultraviolet flux calibration." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 189 (1997): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900116511.
Анотація:
The practical difficulties in performing laboratory calibrations of instruments at ultraviolet wavelengths are considerably greater than at visible wavelengths, and the concommitant uncertainties are greater as well. In recent years theoretical models of white dwarf atmospheres have been adopted as UV flux standards, with impressive results. In this review, I will discuss the methodology of laboratory flux calibrations in the UV, the internal consistency and potential shortcomings of calibrations based on white dwarf model atmospheres, recent laboratory results, and future prospects.
9
Roibu, Anca, Rishi Bharadwaj Morthala, M. Enis Leblebici, Dorota Koziej, Tom Van Gerven, and Simon Kuhn. "Design and characterization of visible-light LED sources for microstructured photoreactors." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 3, no. 6 (2018): 849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8re00165k.
10
Maruyama, Yuki, Chihiro Izawa, and Tomoaki Watanabe. "Synthesis of by the Flux Method." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (September 26, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/170362.
Анотація:
has been successfully synthesized using Bi2O3–B2O3 eutectic flux. In particular, we succeeded in synthesizing a low-temperature-phase crystal (α-) at 1073 K as well as high-temperature-phase crystal (β-). The morphology of α- and β- particles prepared by the flux method is a euhedral crystal. In contrast, the morphology of particles prepared by solid state reaction differs: α- is aggregated and β- is necked. Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that the absorption edge is at a longer wavelength for β- than for α- with β- absorbing light of wavelengths up to nearly 400 nm.
Дисертації з теми "Flux visibles":
1
Guilbert, Simonne. "Comparaisons des flux ondes courtes POLDER / PARASOL et CERES / Aqua : amélioration des flux ondes courtes POLDER / PARASOL." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR027.
Анотація:
Dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique, il est essentiel de bien caractériser et de pouvoir suivre dans le temps le bilan d'énergie radiative terrestre au sommet de l'atmosphère et à la surface. Du point de vue de la mesure, obtenir une estimation correcte du bilan radiatif passe par la détermination précise des flux radiatifs solaire et infra-rouge. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les flux radiatifs solaires obtenus à partir du radiomètre français POLDER embarqué sur le microsatellite PARASOL du CNES. Une première partie des travaux de thèse présentés consiste à comparer les produits opérationnels actuels de POLDER avec les flux de référence obtenus par les radiomètres à large bande spectrale CERES sur les plates-formes spatiales américaines Aqua et Terra. La comparaison est faite sur deux périodes, la première pour laquelle nous disposons de mesures coïncidentes (2005-2009), et la seconde qui correspond à une période de dérive du satellite PARASOL (2010-2013). Nous montrons que cette dérive a eu un impact direct sur les observations, avec des répercussions sur les flux calculés. En effet, sur la période de coïncidence des mesures les flux POLDER sont très proches des flux CERES pour deux des produits étudiés (SSF1deg, SYN1deg) avec des différences relatives inférieures à 2% jusqu'en décembre 2009. Après cette date, la différence relative augmente. Un effet de compensation terres/océans est par ailleurs mis en évidence. Les résultats obtenus suite à cette comparaison nous ont menés à étudier plus particulièrement la composante de l'algorithme qui permet d'obtenir les moyennes mensuelles des flux POLDER. Celle-ci concerne l'extrapolation diurne, utilisée pour obtenir des estimations de l'albédo à toutes les heures de la journée à partir d'une seule observation en utilisant des modèles qui dépendent de la scène observée. Les modèles utilisés actuellement sont issus de quatre mois d'observations POLDER-1 (1996-1997) et nous avons décidé de mettre à profit les données obtenues sur l'ensemble de la mission PARASOL pour améliorer ces modèles. Les flux solaires obtenus avec les nouveaux modèles présentent moins de dépendance à la dérive au-dessus des océans mais une tendance encore visible au-dessus des terres. Ces résultats nous ont amenés à proposer plusieurs pistes d'amélioration, principalement en augmentant le nombre de modèles POLDER. Ces travaux, basés sur les mesures de POLDER qui a cessé de fonctionner en décembre 2013 mais dont les données sont disponibles, seront en grande partie réutilisables pour le futur radiomètre multispectral, multi-angulaire et polarisé 3MI, développé par l'ESA et EUMETSAT et qui sera embarqué sur la prochaine mission spatiale opérationnelle EPS-SG d'EUMETSAT à partir de 2024 pour une durée d'environ 20 ansIn the context of climate change, it is essential to estimate precisely and be able to monitor over time the energy balance of the Earth at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface. In terms of measurement, obtaining a correct estimate of the radiative balance requires a precise determination of the shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) radiative fluxes. The objective of this thesis is to assess the solar radiative fluxes obtained from the French radiometer POLDER on board the PARASOL microsatellite supported by CNES. A first part of the thesis presents a comparison between the operational products computed from POLDER observations with the reference fluxes obtained through the broadband radiometers CERES on the NASA space platforms Aqua and Terra. The comparisons are made over two periods: first a period with coincident measurements (2005-2009), then a second period which corresponds to the drift of the PARASOL satellite (2010-2013). We show that this drift had an impact on the observations, with strong repercussions on the calculated fluxes. Over the period of coincidence of the measurements, POLDER fluxes are very close to the fluxes from CERES for two of the products studied (CERES SSF1deg and CERES SYN1deg) with relative differences under 2% until December 2009. After 2010, the relative difference increases with the drift. A land/ocean compensation effect is also revealed. The results obtained through these comparisons led us to study in detail the component of the algorithm used to obtain the monthly means of POLDER shortwave fluxes. This part of the algorithm is the diurnal extrapolation, used to estimate a value of albedo at all hours of the day from a single observation using models that are scene-dependent. The models used for the operational products were built using four months of POLDER-1 observations (1996-1997). We decided to take advantage of the data obtained throughout the entire PARASOL mission to improve these models. The shortwave fluxes obtained with the new models show less dependence on the drift over oceans but a drift is still present over lands. These results led to several propositions that could improve POLDER's shortwave fluxes, mainly by increasing the number of POLDER models. This work, based on measurements from POLDER-3, which was shut down in December 2013, but whose data is available, will be largely reusable for the future multispectral, multi-angular and polarized radiometer 3MI, developed by ESA and EUMETSAT and which will fly onboard the EPS-SG mission supported by EUMETSAT from 2024, for approximately 20 years
2
Cathiard, Marie-Agnès. "La perception visuelle de l'anticipation des gestes vocaliques : cohérence des évènements audibles et visibles dans le flux de la parole." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE29052.
Анотація:
Cette these porte sur la perception de l'anticipation des deux dimensions visibles de la modulation syllabique de voyelle a voyelle, l'arrondissement et la hauteur. La premiere partie comporte une revue de question sur la perception audiovisuelle (notamment sur la recuperation des invariants et la desynchronisation son image) et sur la structure coarticulee de la parole, sa production et sa perception. La deuxieme partie consacree a la perception visuelle du trait d'arrondissement, au cours des pauses acoustiques, montre que ce trait peut etre identifie jusqu'a 210 ms avant que le moindre son ait ete emis. La frontiere visuelle - sa date comme sa pente - depend du profil articulatoire du signal. Mais sur un meme profil, le phonomene est robuste pour differentes conditions experimentales (angle de vue : face vs. Profil ; type de presentation : images statiques vs. Sequences dynamiques) : un empan de variation de 40 ms au maximum est observe au niveau des frontieres, et ceci pendant la phase de transition et non aux positions cibles. Un gain du mouvement (de 30 ms au plus) n'est obtenu que de face, le profil (statique et dynamique) presentant les meilleures performances. Notre interpretation reste dans la veine des traitements de type shape from notion : le mouvement ne sert a recuperer la forme que lorsque celle-ci est sous-echantillonnee ou n'est pas projetee sous son angle le meilleur, cet angle etant pour l'arrondissement le profil. La troisieme partie teste la coherence du flux audiovisuel en reduisant le retatd naturel et l'audio sur le visuel. Le resultat majeur, obtenu finalement pour l'arrondissement et la hauteur, est que les scores d'identification ne decroissent pas tant que l'avance du son n'atteint pas les frontieres visuelles. Au-dela, une majorite de sujets s'averent sensibles au conflit ou se laissent illusionner par la vision. En conclusion, c'est donc la coherence configurationnelle qui determine la marge de manoeuvre des discordances naturelles dans l'organisation temporelle de la paroleThis thesis deals with the perception of anticipation for the two visible dimensions of the vowel-tovowel syllabic modulation : i. E. Rounding (i-y) and height (i-a). The first part consists of a thorough review of the literature on audiovisual speech perception (mainly the recovery of invariants and sound sight desynchronisation) and on the production and the perception of the coarticulation phenomenon. The second part evaluates visual perception of the rounding gesture along acoustic pauses. Rounding can thus be visually identified up to 210 ms before the sound. The identification boundary - its date and its slope - depends on articulatory anticipation. But on the same signal, this phenomenon is robust for different experimental conditions (view angle : front vs. Profile ; presentation of static images vs. Dynamic sequences) : a meximum variation of 40 ms is observed on boundaries, differences appearing only in the transition phase, but not on target positions. A motion benefit (30 ms at best) is obtained only for front view, profile ones (static and dynamic) giving the best performances. Our interpretation draws near to the shape from motion processing : movement is useful to recover shape only when this shape is undersampled or not optimally profected, as it is the case for rounding in front views (vs. Profile ones). The third part of the thesis explores the coherence of audiovisual flow by reducing the natural delay of audio relative to the visual speech signal. The major result, obtained finally for rounding and height anticipation, is that identification scores do not decrease as long as the sound does not come ahead of the visual boundary. When it precedes this boundary, a majority of subjects experience conflict or are illusioned by vision. Thus the overall conclusion put emphasis on configurational vs. Timing constraints in speech
3
Assaad, Aziz. "Pollution anthropique de cours d'eau : caractérisation spatio-temporelle et estimation des flux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0054/document.
Анотація:
La Directive Cadre sur l'Eau exige le retour au bon état des cours d'eau en Europe. Ces cours d'eau reçoivent en effet différentes pollutions liées aux différentes activités économiques des populations installées le long de leurs rives. On s'intéresse souvent de façon isolée à des types particuliers de pollution: pollution agricole dues aux pesticides, engrais et résidus d'élevage en milieu rural, pollution spécifique d'une industrie (sidérurgie, papeterie, etc.), pollution domestique plus ou moins bien traitée, etc. Or dans de nombreux cas, on a affaire à un mélange de polluants. Dans le cas de la Moselle, la pollution générée par les activités humaines dans la partie française du bassin versant de la Moselle impacte la qualité des eaux de surface en aval, et donc celle du Rhin. Notre but est de contribuer à caractériser l’état de certains affluents de la Moselle (Madon, Meurthe, Vologne et Fensch) en fonction de leurs pressions anthropiques et de proposer une stratégie pour calculer les flux des polluants le long de ces cours d’eau. Dans ce contexte des compagnes de prélèvement avec un pas spatial fin. Outre les paramètres habituels de caractérisation de l’état des masses d’eau (conductivité, pH, carbone organique dissous, azote ammoniacal, nitrates, etc.) une attention particulière a été portée aux propriétés optiques (absorbance UV-visible, fluorescence synchrone) de la matière organique dissoute afin de mieux comprendre son origine. Les spectres de fluorescence synchrone ont été étudiés par déconvolution ou par analyse en composantes principales. En outre une méthode a été développée, basée sur la spectroscopie de fluorescence synchrone, pour détecter la présence des azurants optiques. Enfin une méthodologie a été mise au point appliquée au Madon pour calculer les flux journaliers moyens de pollution à chaque station d'échantillonnage pour chaque période d'échantillonnage à partir de données géographiques. Cette méthode permet ensuite d’évaluer les flux de pollutionThe Water Framework Directive demands a return to good condition for rivers in Europe. These rivers receive different types of pollution related to various economic activities of populations installed along their banks. We are often interested in an isolated manner to particular types of pollution: pollution due to agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and livestock waste in rural areas, pollution due to a specific industry (steel, paper mill, etc.), more or less well treated domestic pollution, etc. But in many cases, we are dealing with a mixture of pollutants. In the case of the Moselle, the pollution generated by human activities in the French part of the Moselle watershed impacts surface water quality downstream and therefore the Rhine. Our goal is to characterize the state of some tributaries of the Moselle (Madon, Meurthe, Vologne and Fensch) versus anthropogenic pressures and propose a strategy to calculate the flow of pollutants along these rivers. In this context, sampling campaigns with a dense spatial stations have been organized. In addition to the usual parameters characterizing water quality (conductivity, pH, dissolved organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, etc.) a particular attention has been given to optical properties (UV-visible absorbance, synchronous fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter in order to understand its origin. Synchronous fluorescence spectra were studied by deconvolution or by principal components analysis. A method has been developed, based on the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, to detect the presence of optical brighteners. Finally, a methodology has been developed in Madon watershed in order to calculate the mean daily pollution flux at each sampling station for each sampling period from geographic data
4
Sousa, Eduardo José Medina de. "Fluxo [in (di)visível]." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16694.
Анотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Presentemente, o território da cidade de Lisboa não se encontra consolidado, consequência direta do abandono industrial nas zonas periféricas, nomeadamente em Marvila. Neste corte do fluxo arquitetónico entre o centro, Baixa Pombalina, e o limite da cidade, Expo, localizamos as antigas oficinas Francisco Baptista Russo & Irmão. É intensão, com a pesquisa, solucionar a descontinuidade descrita, objetivando a uniformização do espaço citadino. Para este fim, a escolha de referências abrange as diferentes ramificações da arte, Arquitetura, Pintura, Escultura e Literatura, de modo a estruturar uma base sólida de conhecimento para posterior implementação projetual. O fluxo é tido como conceito guia para este trabalho final de mestrado. As variantes deste conceito passam pelo fluxo automóvel, fluxo de pessoas no interior do edifício e o fluxo arquitetónico, direcionado para a morfologia do edifício como elemento construtivo. No âmbito da reabilitação das oficinas Baptista Russo, é pretendido propor o encastramento de um corpo arquitetónico novo no monte adjacente, antiga Quinta do Desterro. Este intenciona o aumento do impacto visual da fábrica no local, funcionando como culto do transporte, automóvel. Luz, forma, escala e tempo formalizam um conjunto de elementos fundamentais na perceção da Arquitetura. A vertente sensorial intrínseca nesta arte ganha protagonismo na construção da organização do documento para a priori aplicação na espacialidade do museu. A noção de visível, invisível, divisível e indivisível serve de explicação para o entendimento do código interno da cidade e da Arquitetura.
ABSTRACT: At presente time, Lisbon’s city territory is not consolidated, a direct consequence of the industrial abandonment in peripheral areas, such as Marvila. In this breaking of the architectural flow between the center, Baixa Pombalina, and the city limit, Expo, we locate the old Automotive Workshops Francisco Baptista Russo & Irmão. It is intension, with the research, to solve the discontinuity described, aiming for the uniformization of the city space. To this end, the choice of references encompasses the different ramifications of Art, Architecture, Painting, Sculpture and Literature, in order to structure a solid foundation of knowledge for later project implementation. Flow is taken as the guide line concept for this final master's thesis. The variants of this concept pass through the automobile flow, the flow of people inside the building and the architectural flow, focus on the morphology of the building as a constructive element. In context of Baptista Russo Manufactory’s rehabilitation, it is intended to propose the incorporation of a new architectural body on the adjacent hill, the past Quinta do Desterro. This idea aim to increase the visual impact of the factory, functioning as a transport cult. Light, form, scale and time formalize a set of fundamental elements on the perception of Architecture. The intrinsic sensorial strand in this art gains prominence in the organization of the written document, and consequent application in the museum's spatiality. The notion of visible, invisible, divisible and indivisible helps us to understand the inner code of the city and Architecture.
N/A
5
Pierre, Thomas. "Mesure de la température à l'échelle microscopique par voie optique dans la gamme ultraviolet-visible." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL096N/document.
Анотація:
Cette étude porte sur la mesure de la température à l’échelle microscopique par voie optique dans la gamme UV-visible par comptage de photons à l’aide d’un PMT refroidi. À partir des avantages et des inconvénients de chaque technique existante, la première partie permet de comprendre les orientations de nos travaux. Le Second Chapitre montre et insiste sur l’intérêt de travailler aux courtes longueurs d’onde (limite de diffraction, précision sur la mesure...), d’utiliser la méthode multi-spectrale pour s’affranchir de paramètres inconnus (e.g. l’émissivité) en choisissant judicieusement les longueurs d’onde de travail, ainsi que les lois statistiques classiques pour mesurer le flux photonique sachant son émission aléatoire. Le Chapitre Trois présente le banc de mesure (microscope optique, système de mesure du flux photonique...) et une attention toute particulière est portée sur la conception des éléments chauffants servant à l’étalonnage. Le Quatrième Chapitre présente les résultats en températures obtenues à l’aide des lois statistiques. Ils valident le bon fonctionnement du dispositif, la mise au point de la zone microscopique, et l’intérêt de bien modéliser les filtres monochromatiques. Enfin, des améliorations sur la précision de la mesure (réseau de diffraction, analyseur multi-canal) et pour mesurer des températures plus faibles (LIF, méthode corrélation temporelle) sont présentées dans le Cinquième ChapitreThe aim of this study is to measure microscale temperature by optical way in the UV-visible range by photons counting using a cooled PMT. From the existing techniques advantages and disadvantages, this first part allows to understand the choices of this study. The second part shows and underlines the interest in working in short wavelengths (diffraction limit, measurement accuracy), in using the multi-spectral method to get rid of unknown parameters (e.g. emissivity) by choosing judicious working wavelengths, as well as the statistic laws to measure the photonic flux knowing its random emission. The third chapter presents the optical bench (optical microscope, photonic flux measurement facility…). A particularly attention is given to the design of the heated elements, which allow to calibrate the facility. The fourth part exposes the temperature results obtained through statistic laws. They validate the well-running of the facility, the microscopic area focusing, and the interest to model correctly the filters. Finally, measurement accuracy improvements (diffraction grating, multi-channel analyzer) and lower temperature measurement techniques (LIF, time-correlated method) are presented in the fifth part
6
Nguyen, Phuong Thanh. "Study of the aquatic dissolved organic matter from the Seine River catchment (France) by optical spectroscopy combined to asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0154/document.
Анотація:
Le but principal de cette thèse était d'étudier les caractéristiques de la matière organique dissoute (MOD) dans le bassin versant de la Seine. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du programme de recherche PIREN-Seine. Les travaux présentés ici visaient plus particulièrement à identifier les sources de MOD et à suivre son évolution dans les zones d’étude. L’analyse des propriétés optiques (UV-Visible, fluorescence) de la MOD, couplée aux traitements PARAFAC et ACP, a permis de discriminer différentes sources de MOD et de mettre en évidence des variations spatio-temporelles de ses propriétés. L’axe Seine, en aval de Paris, a notamment été caractérisé par l'activité biologique la plus forte. La MOD du bassin de l’Oise a montré des caractéristiques plus "humiques", tandis que le bassin de la Marne a été caractérisé par un troisième type spécifique de MOD. Il a d’autre part été mis en évidence la présence de MODs spécifiques dans chaque zone pour les échantillons prélevés en périodes d’étiage, alors qu’une distribution homogène des composants a été obtenue pour l’ensemble des échantillons prélevés en période de crue.Le rôle environnemental des colloïdes naturels étant étroitement lié à leur taille, il a d’autre part été développé une technique analytique/séparative originale pour l’étude de ce matériel complexe, un fractionnement par couplage flux/force avec flux asymétrique (AF4). Le fractionnement par AF4 des échantillons a confirmé la variabilité spatio-temporelle en composition et en taille de la MOD d'un site de prélèvement à un autre et a permis de distinguer différentes sources de MOD colloïdale confirmant les résultats de l’étude de ses propriétés optiquesThe main goal of this thesis was to investigate the characteristics of dissolvedorganic matter (DOM) within the Seine River catchment in the Northern part of France. ThisPhD thesis was performed within the framework of the PIREN-Seine research program. Theapplication of UV/visible absorbance and EEM fluorescence spectroscopy combined toPARAFAC and PCA analyses allowed us to identify different sources of DOM andhighlighted spatial and temporal variations of DOM properties. The Seine River wascharacterized by the strongest biological activity. DOM from the Oise basin seemed to havemore "humic" characteristics, while the Marne basin was characterized by a third specifictype of DOM. For samples collected during low-water periods, the distributions of the 7components determined by PARAFAC treatment varied between the studied sub-basins,highlighting different organic materials in each zone. A homogeneous distribution of thecomponents was obtained for the samples collected in period of flood.Then, a semi-quantitative asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) methodology wasdeveloped to fractionate DOM. The following optimized parameters were determined: across-flow rate of 2 ml min-1 during the focus step with a focusing time of 2 min and anexponential gradient of cross-flow from 3.5 to 0.2 ml min-1 during the elution step. Thefluorescence properties of various size-based fractions of DOM were evaluated by applyingthe optimized AF4 methodology to fractionate 13 samples, selected from the three sub-basins.The fluorescence properties of these fractions were analysed, allowing us to discriminatebetween the terrestrial or autochthonous origin of DOM
7
Llanos, Luis Alberto Quezada. "Estudo experimental de estabilidade e emissão de radiação térmica em chamas não pré-misturadas de gás natural diluídas com dióxido de carbono." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178794.
Анотація:
Modelos algébricos para prever o comprimento de uma chama turbulenta têm sido foco de estudo de diversos grupos de pesquisa por suas aplicações na área de engenharia. O método experimental para obter o modelo varia desde visualizações simples, até técnicas fotográficas, este último com parâmetros fotográficos variando entre os autores. Técnicas fotográficas são usadas para estimar a altura de levantamento da base da chama, (Lift-Off) e o comprimento médio visível de chama (Visible Flame Length, VFL). Duas técnicas comuns que podem ser encontradas na literatura: por imagens de chama com baixo tempo de exposição e longo tempo de exposição, são comparados com um terceiro que se baseia na intensidade luminosa e na frequência de imagens de chama que ocupam um pixel. O melhor método foi utilizado para caracterizar o comportamento das chamas turbulentas de gás natural para diferentes regimes de velocidade do escoamento. Modelos algébricos que preveem o comprimento de chama, altura de levantamento e a velocidade crítica de extinção de chama são avaliados com os novos resultados experimentais. Logo após, os coeficientes numéricos dos melhores modelos algébricos são reajustados Finalmente, foram obtidos mapas de estabilidade relacionados à altura de levantamento e à velocidade crítica de extinção de chama para cada diâmetro em função da diluição com CO2 e do número adimensional de Reynolds. A terceira parte deste trabalho está focada no estudo da distribuição de radiação térmica. Em particular, foram consideradas três distâncias radiais medidas em comprimentos de chama (0,5 Lf, 1 Lf, 2 Lf) visando obter a distribuição do fluxo radiante experimental ao longo de um eixo vertical adjacente às chamas. Finalmente, os dados experimentais foram utilizados como dados de entrada em uma análise inversa com o objetivo de calcular os fatores de ponderação do modelo das múltiplas fontes ponderadas (por suas siglas em inglês WMPS). Nesta última parte, são apresentados frações radiantes e distribuições de fluxo de calor radiante de chamas de gás natural diluídas para diversas diluições com dióxido de carbono e diâmetros do queimador.Predicting models for turbulent diffusion flame lengths have several applications driven the attention of many research groups. Since several studies use photographs to measure the flame length, with photographic parameters varying among authors, in other cases simple visualizations were used. It is important to explore possible discrepancies among measurement technics that could affect the results. Optical visualizations of turbulent diffusion flames are used to estimate the visible average flame length (VFL) and the lift-off. The study presents a study of three different methods to measure the VFL using optical techniques. The effect on the image of the main optic parameters such as focus, exposure time and ISO sensibility are analyzed. The VFL obtained with images in low exposure time and long exposure time are compared with a third optical method that is based on the luminous intensity and the frequency of flame images occupying a pixel. One method was used to characterize the behavior of turbulent diffusion flames of natural gas for a range of flames in function of the flow velocity. Universal non-dimensional models that describe the VFL, lift-off and the blow-out stability limit of gaseous jet diffusion flames in the still air have been compared with new experimental data. The numerical coefficients of the best models are adjusted. Finally, maps of stability related to lift-off and blow-out were obtained for each diameter in function of the dilution with CO2 and flow exit velocity expressed in non-dimensional Reynolds number The third part of this work focuses on the estimation of the thermal distribution of radiative flux from turbulent diffusion flames in laboratory-scale. The experimental measurements were gotten from the previous stability study. In particular, was considered three radial distances measured in flame lengths (0,5 Lf, 1 Lf, 2 Lf) aiming at obtaining the experimental radiant flux along a vertical axis adjacent to the flames. Finally, the experimental data was used as input data in an inverse analysis with the purpose of computing weight coefficients of the weighted multi-point source (WMPS) model. Then, experimental data that include: radiant fractions and radiative heat flux are presents for several flames with different dilutions with carbon dioxide and burner´s diameters.
8
Vlassova, Anna. "Visible-light-mediated synthesis of helicenes in batch and continuous flow systems." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11466.
Анотація:
Le présent mémoire décrit le développement d’une méthode de synthèse des hélicènes catalysée par la lumière visible. Les conditions pour la formation de [5]hélicène ont été établies par une optimisation du photocatalyseur, du solvant, du système d’oxydation et du temps réactionnel. Suite aux études mécanistiques préliminaires, un mécanisme oxydatif est proposé. Les conditions optimisées ont été appliquées à la synthèse de [6]hélicènes pour laquelle la régiosélectivité a été améliorée en ajoutant des substituants sur la colonne hélicale. La synthèse de thiohélicènes a aussi été testée en utilisant les mêmes conditions sous irradiation par la lumière visible. La méthode a été inefficace pour la formation de benzodithiophènes et de naphtothiophènes, par contre elle permet la formation du phenanthro[3,4-b]thiophène avec un rendement acceptable. En prolongeant la surface-π de la colonne hélicale, le pyrène a été fusionné aux motifs de [4]- et [5]hélicène. Trois dérivés de pyrène-hélicène ont été synthétisés en utilisant les conditions optimisées pour la photocyclisation et leurs caractéristiques physiques ont été étudiées.
La méthode de cyclisation sous l’action de la lumière visible a aussi été étudiée en flux continu. Une optimisation du montage expérimental ainsi que de la source lumineuse a été effectuée et les meilleures conditions ont été appliquées à la formation de [5]hélicène et des trois dérivés du pyrène-hélicène. Une amélioration ou conservation des rendements a été observée pour la plupart des produits formés en flux continu comparativement à la synthèse en batch. La concentration de la réaction a aussi été conservée et le temps réactionnel a été réduit par un facteur de dix toujours en comparaison avec la synthèse en batch.The present work describes the development of a visible-light-mediated method for the synthesis of helicenes. The conditions for the formation of [5]helicene were established in a batch process as a result of an extensive optimization of the photosensitizer, solvent, oxidant system and reaction time. Following preliminary mechanistic studies, an oxidative reaction mechanism was proposed. The optimized conditions were applied to the synthesis of [6]helicenes and the regioselectivity of the reaction was improved through substitution along the helicene backbone. Synthesis of thiohelicenes was also explored under the same conditions and although ineffective for the formation of benzodithiophenes and naphthothiophene, it did provide phenanthro[3,4-b]thiophene in a moderate yield. In an effort to extend the π-surface of the helical backbone, a pyrene moiety was fused to the [4]- and [5]helicene core. Three pyrene-helicene hybrid derivatives were synthesized under the visible-light-mediated cyclization conditions and their physical properties investigated. The visible-light-mediated method for the formation of helicenes was also explored using the continuous flow method. An optimization of the reaction set up, the reaction medium as well as the light source was conducted with the [5]helicene model system. The optimal conditions were applied to the formation of various pyrene-helicene derivatives. In most cases the reaction yields were maintained or significantly improved when compared with the batch process. Also, the reaction concentration was conserved while the reaction time was decreased tenfold from the batch method to the continuous flow process.
Книги з теми "Flux visibles":
1
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Galileo net flux radiometer report 1997. [Tucson, Ariz.]: Arizona University, Dept. of Planetary Sciences, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1997.
2
Holmlund, Christine Anne. Visible difference and flex appeal: The body, sex, sexua;ity and race in the Pumping Iron Films. 1989.
3
Freeman, Margaret H. The Poem as Icon. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080419.001.0001.
Анотація:
The objective in this book is to show how poetry enables us cognitively to aesthetically access, experience, and identify with the visible and invisible “being” of reality, with art as one cognitive expression of the aesthetic faculty, science another. Just as scientific knowledge of reality is achieved through physically exploring the far reaches of the visible and invisible worlds, so is poetic experience achieved through iconically simulating in semblance the “being” of reality that integrates both self and world in participatory unity. “Being” here should not be understood as the existence of material substance, but as the essence of all that is, both visible and invisible, material and immaterial, a life force in continuous flux and change. The book explores cognition as the sensory-motor-emotive-conceptual processes of “minding” and the aesthetic faculty as the processes of attention, imagination, memory, discrimination, expertise, and judgment that underlie all human cognition, including the arts and the sciences. Drawing from research such as blending and neurocognition in interdisciplinary cognitive literary studies, the book attempts to resolve long-standing questions about the function of poetry. Accepting the premise that poetry is its own artistic reason for being, it introduces the major elements—semblance, metaphor, schema, and affect—that constitute a poem as icon in motivating a poet’s intension and a respondent’s engagement. In so doing the book makes the case that a poem is a potential icon of the felt reality of being and shows that poetic iconicity provides a means for evaluating great poetry and an explanation for its endurance.
4
Deegan, Patrick. Porphyria. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0179.
Анотація:
This chapter discusses six diseases caused by inborn errors of metabolism affecting the biosynthesis of haem. Haem is a tetracyclic metal-binding compound involved in oxygen transport (in haemoglobin and myoglobin) and redox reactions (e.g. in the cytochrome P450 system). Each of these conditions is caused by a single gene defect in one of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of haem. Inheritance is usually autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. The enzyme defect results in disease, not as a result of deficiency of the reaction product, but as a result of accumulation of precursors. Early, soluble precursors, 5-aminolaevulinic acid, and porphobilinogen (not porphyrins as such) are neurotoxic and, when present in great excess, as occurs when flux through the haem synthetic pathway is increased in response to particular medications or hormones, lead to acute neurovisceral crises. Later cyclical precursors (porphyrins) in the pathway are also water soluble and excreted in urine, but are susceptible to activation by electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum and are converted to free-radical metabolites that cause pain, inflammation, and tissue damage in the skin. The final haem precursors (also porphyrins) are hydrophobic and excreted in the bile and faeces and are also activated by light to toxic metabolites.
Частини книг з теми "Flux visibles":
1
Niedt, Greg. "A Tale of Three Villages: Contested Discourses of Place-Making in Central Philadelphia." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods, 159–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_7.
Анотація:
AbstractAs the acceptance of queer identities has proceeded in fits and starts over the last few decades, the question has been raised, is it still necessary to have dedicated queer spaces? City dwellers often reason that with supposed improvements in safety and social mixing, the “gay ghettos” that form a transitional stage in neighborhood revitalization should now become common areas. Yet the capitalist logic that drives this thinking often trades the physical threat of exclusion or violence for an existential one, jeopardizing a distinctive culture that remains valuable in the self-realization process of local queer citizens. This is visible not only in changing demographics, but also in the production of discourse across multiple levels; language and semiotics help to constitute neighborhoods, but also to conceptualize them. This chapter examines how public signs and artifacts reify and sustain three competing narratives of a single central Philadelphia neighborhood in flux: the traditionally queer “Gayborhood” that developed shortly after World War II, the officially designated “Washington Square West,” and the realtor-coined, recently gentrifying “Midtown Village.” I argue that the naming and describing of these spaces, and how their associated discourses are reflected by their contents, continues to play a role in the ongoing struggle for queer acceptance. Combining observational data of multimodal public texts (storefronts, flyers, street signs, etc.) and critical discourse analysis within the linguistic/semiotic landscapes paradigm, I present a critique of the presumed inevitability of queer erasure here. This is supplemented with a comparison of grassroots, bottom-up, and official, top-down documents in various media (maps, brochures, websites, social media, etc.) that perpetuate the different discourses. Ultimately, a change in urban scenery and how a neighborhood is envisioned only masks the fact that spaces of queer expression, marked by their eroding distinctiveness rather than their deviance, are still needed.
2
Rao, Rahul. "The Location of Homophobia." In Out of Time, 33–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865511.003.0002.
Анотація:
This chapter criticizes two practices of locating homophobia in space and time, visible in debates surrounding Uganda’s Anti Homosexuality Act. In homonationalist accounts, homophobia is attributed to African tradition. In homoromanticist accounts, it is attributed to Western actors, evidenced by the colonial imposition of anti-sodomy laws and more recent US evangelical Christian-led efforts to institute anti-queer laws in the global South. Both accounts converge in their view of places as discrete entities with distinctive essences. The chapter offers an alternative view of place formation as transnational and temporal, making visible the manner in which place is redefined and stabilized by elites in moments of flux. The argument is illustrated with reference to two such moments in Ugandan history: in the first, homophobia is articulated with imperialist collaboration; in the second, it is articulated with decolonization. In both moments, homophobia emerges as a transnational collaborative construction involving Ugandan and Western elites.
3
Yip, Man-Fung. "Body Semiotics." In Martial Arts Cinema and Hong Kong Modernity. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390717.003.0002.
Анотація:
This chapter considers how the (male) action bodies in martial arts cinema of the late 1960s and 1970s, posed between mastery and vulnerability, served as a site/sight through which the aspirations and anxieties of Hong Kong people living in the flux of a rapidly modernizing society were articulated and made visible. Specifically, it identifies three types of action body—the narcissistic body, the sacrificial body, and the ascetic body—and discusses how each crystallized out of the changing social and ideological dynamics of Hong Kong during the period. As socially symbolic signs, these diverse but interrelated representations of the body are extremely rich in meanings, inscribing within themselves not only fantasies of nationalist pride and liberated labor but also the historical experience of violence, in the form of both colonization and unbridled growth, that lay beneath the transformation of Hong Kong into a modern industrial society.
4
O'Rourke, Fran. "Knowledge and Permanence." In Joyce, Aristotle, and Aquinas, 49–90. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069265.003.0004.
Анотація:
The philosophical problem of knowledge is dramatized in the opening pages of both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses, as well as the final section of Finnegans Wake. Joyce had a lifelong preoccupation with the process of knowledge. Do we know ideas or things? Is there enduring certainty in a world of flux. In Ulysses Stephen carries out his own introspective experiments on Sandymount Strand, as he distinguishes between the sensual experience of sight and hearing, giving rise to the famous twin phrases ‘Ineluctable modality of the visible’ and ‘Ineluctable modality of the audible’. Objects are seen simultaneously in space, and heard successively in time. Although a committed Aristotelian he is tempted by the idealism of George Berkeley, according to whom all realties are ideas. The conflict between ethereal idealism and crude realism is enacted in the final pages of Finnegans Wake in the dialogue between the Archdruid/Berkeley and St Patrick.
5
Calabia, Andres, and Shuanggen Jin. "Characterization of the Upper Atmosphere from Neutral and Electron Density Observations." In International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2020_123.
Анотація:
Abstract Upper-atmospheric processes under different space weather conditions are still not well understood, and the existing models are far away from the desired operational requirements due to the lack of in-situ measurements input. The ionospheric perturbation of electromagnetic signals affects the accuracy and reliability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), satellite communication infrastructures, and Earth observation techniques. Furthermore, the variable aerodynamic drag, due to variable thermospheric mass density, disturbs orbital tracking, collision analysis, and re-entry calculations of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) objects, including manned and unmanned artificial satellites. In this paper, we use the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique to study and compare the main driver-response relationships and spatial patterns of total electron content (TEC) estimates from 2003 to 2018, and total mass density (TMD) estimates at 475 km altitude from 2003 to 2015. Comparison of the first TEC and TMD PCA mode shows a very similar response to solar flux, but annual cycle shown by TEC is approximately one order of magnitude larger. A clear hemispheric asymmetry is shown in the global distribution of TMD, with higher values in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere. The hemispheric asymmetry is not visible in TEC. The persistent processes including a favorable solar wind input and particle precipitation over the southern magnetic dip may produce a higher thermospheric heating, which results in the hemispheric asymmetry in TMD.
6
Leydon, Rebecca. "Scelsi’s Pfhat." In The Oxford Handbook of Spectral Music. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633547.013.16.
Анотація:
Abstract Timbre is the aspect of sound that enables listeners to link it with material objects and physical processes. Dennis Smalley’s term “source bonding” sums up this tendency to link timbral features directly to their material origins. Spectral features of harmonicity, attack, and spectral flux encode the physical qualities of sources—real or imagined—and of actions such as striking, flexing, and splintering. In this essay I imagine the shimmering orchestral surface of Giacinto Scelsi’s Pfhat as a window onto a virtual materiality—in particular, the monumental ruins of the Forum Romanum. The work’s many composite timbres are categorized by their degrees of durability: “sturdy” timbres, such as those produced by struck metallophones and the steady-state quality of the organ’s pitches, contrast with pliable and ephemeral timbres such as the choral voices and modified brass instruments. The former are mapped to enduring weight-bearing structures, such as the surviving columns of the temple of Castor and Pollux, visible from Scelsi’s studio, while the latter are imagined as the ghostly afterimages of architectural features that once existed but which have collapsed or weathered away over time. Drawing on texts of Freud, Pierre Jouve, and recent writings on acoustics and ecological hearing, I approach this music as an auditory hallucination of monumental architecture as it exists across time and in various stages of construction and decay.
7
Dar, Arnon. "Influence of supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, solar flares, and cosmic rays on the terrestrial environment." In Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.003.0017.
Анотація:
Changes in the solar neighbourhood due to the motion of the sun in the Galaxy, solar evolution, and Galactic stellar evolution influence the terrestrial environment and expose life on the Earth to cosmic hazards. Such cosmic hazards include impact of near-Earth objects (NEOs), global climatic changes due to variations in solar activity and exposure of the Earth to very large fluxes of radiations and cosmic rays from Galactic supernova (SN) explosions and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such cosmic hazards are of low probability, but their influence on the terrestrial environment and their catastrophic consequences, as evident from geological records, justify their detailed study, and the development of rational strategies, which may minimize their threat to life and to the survival of the human race on this planet. In this chapter I shall concentrate on threats to life from increased levels of radiation and cosmic ray (CR) flux that reach the atmosphere as a result of (1) changes in solar luminosity, (2) changes in the solar environment owing to the motion of the sun around the Galactic centre and in particular, owing to its passage through the spiral arms of the Galaxy, (3) the oscillatory displacement of the solar system perpendicular to the Galactic plane, (4) solar activity, (5) Galactic SN explosions, (6) GRBs, and (7) cosmic ray bursts (CRBs). The credibility of various cosmic threats will be tested by examining whether such events could have caused some of the major mass extinctions that took place on planet Earth and were documented relatively well in the geological records of the past 500 million years (Myr). A credible claim of a global threat to life from a change in global irradiation must first demonstrate that the anticipated change is larger than the periodical changes in irradiation caused by the motions of the Earth, to which terrestrial life has adjusted itself. Most of the energy of the sun is radiated in the visible range. The atmosphere is highly transparent to this visible light but is very opaque to almost all other bands of the electromagnetic spectrum except radio waves, whose production by the sun is rather small.
8
Graziani, Anthony, Karina Meerpoel-Petri, Virginie Tihay-Felicelli, Paul-Antoine Santoni, Frédéric Morandini, Yolanda Perez-Ramirez, Antoine Pieri, and William Mell. "Numerical prediction of the thermal stress induced by the burning of an ornamental vegetation at WUI." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 733–38. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_112.
Анотація:
Over the last decades, urban expansion and global warming have increased the occurrence of wildland fires propagating at the vicinity of buildings at WUI. In this scenario, ornamental vegetation has been identified as a vector of fire propagation close to habitations, which can significantly increase the risk of damage [1]. In such context, it is necessary to quantify the thermal stress generated by an ornamental plant over a building to predict the vulnerability of construction materials. To this end, numerical simulation is a good candidate to easily multiply burning cases at field scale and explore the effects. The present study focuses on the numerical prediction of the thermal stress induced by the burning of an ornamental vegetation over targets facing the fire. The study involves a numerical modelling of the burning of rockrose hedges at field scale using the physics based code WFDS. The solver is based on a large eddy simulation approach for fluid dynamics and energy transfer through the fluid phase. A three steps thermal degradation model (dehydration, pyrolysis, char oxidation) with Arrhenius laws [2] is used for the fuel. The raised vegetation is represented with a Fuel Element approach which models the solid fuel as a set of static Lagrangian particles of different sizes and distributed within the volume to reproduce the arrangement of the shrub. The accuracy of WFDS to reproduce the combustion of plants has already been demonstrated at laboratory scales [2-6] but studies at field scale involving raised vegetation are few. Numerical results are compared to experimental measurements recorded during a set of experiments conducted at field scale, which involves the burning of reconstructed rockrose hedges of 6m length, 1m width and two heights (1m and 2m). The geometry mimics the typical shape of ornamental hedges that can be found to separate buildings in south of France. Visible cameras are distributed around the setup to capture the geometry of the flame front. Four couples of heat flux meters are positioned at 3m in front of the centreline and side of the hedge, which represents the theoretical position of the wall of a building according to the current fire safety regulation in France. Comparison between numerical model and experimental results shows good agreement for the local measurement of the heat stress at the location of the targets. Total and radiant heat fluxes fit with experimental data during the fire growth and the fully developed phases, which represent the period where the thermal stress is the highest. Peaks of total and radiant heat flux are the same order value but can be overestimated depending of the location of the sensors due to the wind dynamics that is not fully implementable in WFDS. Results show that the accuracy of the numerical model is enough to predict the thermal stress received by targets during the fully developed fire at field scale and could be used to numerically determine the vulnerability of material buildings in different scenarios.
9
Fawcett, W. Ronald. "Spectroscopic Studies of Liquid Structure and Solvation." In Liquids, Solutions, and Interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094329.003.0009.
Анотація:
Spectroscopy involves the study of the interactions of electromagnetic radiation with matter. In the case of liquids, radiation of a wide range of frequencies, and thus energies, has been used, all the way from radio-frequency waves to X-rays. Experiments involving neutrons, which are associated with very short wavelengths, are also important. In the spectroscopic experiment the incident radiation may be either absorbed or scattered and the experimental information is obtained by examining the intensity and direction of the radiation after it has passed through the sample. Several spectroscopic techniques will be considered in this chapter. X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques are powerful tools for studying the structure of liquids and have been introduced in chapter 2. They may also be used to study the structure of solutions and determine distribution functions for both the solute and solvent. The feasibility of these experiments depends on the number of different nuclei involved in the system. UV-visible spectroscopy is mainly used to study electronic transitions in polyatomic species. These species are often complex ions formed between the electrolyte and the solvent, or between the cation and one or more anions. Vibrational spectroscopy involves electromagnetic radiation of lower energy, usually in the infrared region. It is used to study intramolecular vibrational modes and how they are altered by the environment in solution. It can also be used to study the bonds formed between solute and solvent in the solvation process. Finally, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its application to the study of solvation will be discussed. This is a particularly powerful technique because it provides information about the environment of a given nucleus, and experiments specific to a given nucleus can be carried out provided the nucleus has a non-zero magnetic moment. Several other spectroscopic techniques are commonly used [G1] but those considered here provide a representative picture of what can be learnt from those experiments. One should remember that the atoms and molecules in liquids are not motionless but in a state of flux determined by the intermolecular interactions and temperature. From the study of microwave spectroscopy discussed in chapter 4, it was found that rotational diffusion processes in liquids are characterized by relaxation times the order of a few picoseconds.
10
Koch, Christof. "Diffusion, Buffering, and Binding." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0017.
Анотація:
In Chap. 9 we introduced calcium ions and alluded to their crucial role in regulating the day-to-day life of neurons. The dynamics of the free intracellular calcium is controlled by a number of physical and chemical processes, foremost among them diffusion and binding to a host of different proteins, which serve as calcium buffers and as calcium sensors or triggers. Whereas buffers simply bind Ca2+ above some critical concentration, releasing it back into the cytoplasm when [Ca2+]i has been reduced below this level, certain proteins— such as calmodulin—change their conformation when they bind with Ca2+ ions, thereby activating or modulating enzymes, ionic channels, or other proteins. The calcium concentration inside the cell not only determines the degree of activation of calcium-dependent potassium currents but—much more importantly—is relevant for determining the changes in structure expressed in synaptic plasticity. As discussed in Chap. 13, it is these changes that are thought to underlie learning. Given the relevance of second messenger molecules, such as Ca2+, IP3, cyclic AMP and others, for the processes underlying growth, sensory adaptation, and the establishment and maintenance of synaptic plasticity, it is crucial that we have some understanding of the role that diffusion and chemical kinetics play in governing the behavior of these substances. Today, we have unprecedented access to the spatio-temporal dynamics of intracellular calcium in individual neurons using fluorescent calcium dyes, such as fura-2 or fluo-3, in combination with confocal or two-photon microscopy in the visible or in the infrared spectrum (Tsien, 1988; Tank et al., 1988; Hernández-Cruz, Sala, and Adams, 1990; Ghosh and Greenberg, 1995).
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Flux visibles":
1
Hunter, Chad N., Nicholas R. Glavin, Andrey A. Voevodin, David B. Turner, Michael H. Check, Shawn A. Putnam, and Timothy S. Fisher. "Effects of UV-Visible Irradiation on Pool Boiling Behavior of Copper." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63460.
Анотація:
Roughened copper substrates were exposed to a broadband UV-VIS light source during nucleate boiling at a heat flux of 60–70% of the amount expected to result in critical heat flux (CHF) without exposure to a light source. The surface temperature decreased by 0.5–1.0°C within minutes after the UV-VIS light exposure began. CHF occurred after less than 20 minutes of exposure to the light source. Nanoscale features were observed in the light-exposed region of the copper surface after boiling, which were primarily associated with formation of Cu2O. The induced CHF likely occurred due to surface oxide formation, a resultant decrease in wettability of the surface.
2
Wu, Di, and Xiao-Feng Peng. "Experimental Observation of Liquid Exploding Emission in Micro Tubes." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21444.
Анотація:
In present paper, a high speed CCD was employed to conduct a visualized observation of the phenomena of nucleation in micro capillary tubes covered with transparent metal film on the tube serving as the heater. When the heat flux reached a certain value, the liquid in capillary tubes was emitted instantaneously, which is referred as liquid exploding emission here, rather than generating visible bubbles. The critical heat flux and tube inner temperature corresponding to this phenomenon were measured to discuss the fundamental characteristics and physical significance of the phenomenon in different capillary tubes having different tube length, heating length and diameters.
3
Rosman, Nurafiqah, Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh, Juhana Jaafar, Zawati Harun, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Nor Hafiza Ismail, Siti Zu Nurain Ahmad, Nur Aqilah Mohd Razali, and Nor Asikin Awang. "Photocatalytic PVDF ultrafiltration membrane incorporated with visible-light driven ternary heterojunction: Pure water flux behavior." In II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099602.
4
Morstad, Daniel L., David R. Doelling, Rajendra Bhatt, and Benjamin Scarino. "The CERES calibration strategy of the geostationary visible channels for CERES cloud and flux products." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by James J. Butler, Xiaoxiong Xiong, and Xingfa Gu. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.894650.
5
Schreivogel, Peter, and Michael Pfitzner. "Heat Transfer Measurements Downstream of Trenched Film Cooling Holes Using a Novel Optical Two-Layer Measurement Technique." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42385.
Анотація:
A new approach for steady state heat transfer measurements is proposed. Temperature distributions are measured at the surface and a defined depth inside the wall to provide boundary conditions for a three-dimensional heat flux calculation. The practical application of the technique is demonstrated by employing a superposition method to measure heat transfer and film cooling effectiveness downstream of two different 0.75D deep narrow trench geometries and cylindrical holes. Compared to the cylindrical holes, both trench geometries lead to an augmentation of the heat transfer coefficient supposedly caused by the highly turbulent attached cooling film emanating from the trenches. Areas of high heat transfer are visible, where recirculation bubbles or large amounts of coolant are expected. Increasing the density ratio from 1.33 to 1.60 led to a slight reduction of the heat transfer coefficient and an increased cooling effectiveness. Both trenches provide a net heat flux reduction superior to that of cylindrical holes, especially at the highest momentum flux ratios.
6
Matyja, Jacek Marek, and Tunde Bello-Ochende. "Testing of Rectangular Channels With Perturbed Entrances for Temperature Difference Under Constant Heat Flux." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44259.
Анотація:
In this paper convective heat transfer performance of various duct geometries are compared using theoretical and experimental analyses. The experiments stretch further by perturbing the entrance region of the 2:1 rectangular duct (both inwards and outwards) and to obtain the effect on heat transfer performance. The cross-sectional area and length of the ducts are fixed and constant heat flux is applied to the ducts while cold water is used as the flow stream. The laminar flow regime is analysed. The theoretical and experimental cases are in agreement, with slight deviances attributed to certain assumptions made during the theoretical analysis and non-ideal testing conditions. The analyses concludes that perturbing the entrance region of a standard rectangular duct, both inwards and outwards, has a visible increase in heat transfer performance. The inward perturbed duct shows the highest increase in performance. The average variation between the theoretical and experimental case is about 18% for constant heat flux. The average error imposed on the results due experimental equipment is about 3% for constant heat flux experiments.
7
Hassan, Mohamed I., A. Helali, and Kozo Saito. "Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Structures of a Laboratory-Scale Fixed-Frame Fire-Whirl." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24246.
Анотація:
Abstract Fire whirl is one of the most destructive phenomena in mass fires. To study thermal and fluid dynamic structures of a fire whirl in a laboratory, a fire whirl generator consisting of two vertically oriented split-cylinders were placed in an asymmetric position to form a compartment leaving two open slits in each end. A 5-cm diameter liquid pool fire was placed at the center of the compartment floor, the fire generated buoyancy flow moved upwardly, and fresh air entered to the compartment creating swirl motion. The visible flame height of the generated fire whirl was measured by a video camera, 2-D azimuthal velocity profiles at several different heights by particle image velocimetry (PIV), and the average heat flux input to the fuel surface by a Gardon gauge type heat flux meter.
8
Dye, Dan, Byard Wood, Lewis Fraas, and Jeff Muhs. "Optical Design of an Infrared Non-Imaging Device for a Full-Spectrum Solar Energy System." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44229.
Анотація:
A solar collector/receiver system for a full-spectrum solar energy system is being designed by a research team lead by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Nevada, Reno. [1,2] This solar energy system is unique in that it utilizes the majority of the solar spectrum by splitting the infrared (IR) and visible energy for two different end uses. The visible light will be used for day lighting and the IR energy for electrical power generation. This paper is concerned with the optics that will provide uniform irradiance of the IR energy on the thermal photovoltaic (TPV) array. The benchmark full-spectrum collector/receiver and prototype TPV array have been built [3], so the work performed here is to match the two systems together for optimal performance. The design consists of a non-imaging (NI) system for the IR flux incident on the TPV array mounted behind the secondary mirror. Results of the ray-tracing analysis of the different systems tested are presented.
9
Oseen-Senda, K. M., F. Lundell, A. Hillenbach, and J. Pauchet. "Visualization of Low Heat and Mass Flux Boiling in a Small Metal Pipe Using Neutron Radiography." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2004-2374.
Анотація:
High speed visualization of boiling pentane in a circular steel tube (Di = 1.2 mm, Do = 2 mm) has been performed at the Neutrograph instrument at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, France. The heat and mass flux were both very low and appropriate for cooling of PEM fuel cells. The spatial resolution of the images is approximately 0.15 mm and the maximum frequency is 154 Hz. In the images, the liquid-vapor differentiation is clearly visible. Time resolved measurements of the outer pipe wall temperature, synchronized with the images, show that at low mass flow rates, the pipe wall is high above the saturation temperature and the pipe filled with vapor and liquid slugs. At higher flow rates, the wall is superheated when filled with liquid and at saturation temperature during boiling when exposed to a liquid-vapor mixture. An irregular switching between these two states was observed. The superheated wall is shown to be consistent with superheated liquid in the pipe prior to boiling. Unfortunately the strong γ-radiation produced by the neutrons has a substantial effect on the onset of boiling, which is why comparisons with non-irradiated systems might be difficult.
10
Sienkiewicz, Andrzej, Konstantins Mantulnikovs, Márton Kollár, Endre Horváth, and László Forró. "Reversible wavelength-dependent photo-bleaching in free-standing polycrystalline films of MAPbI3 monitored under the intense visible light flux." In 3rd International Conference on Perovskite and Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics. València: Fundació Scito, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.iperop.2019.044.
Звіти організацій з теми "Flux visibles":
1
Grossman, A. S., K. E. Grant, and D. J. Wuebbles. Radiative flux calculations at UV and visible wavelengths. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108002.
2
Grossman, A. S., and K. E. Grant. Effects of tropospheric aerosols on radiative flux calculations at UV and visible wavelengths. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10193320.
3
CIE. CIE 250:2022 Spectroradiometric Measurement of Optical Radiation Sources. International Commission on Illumination, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.250.2022.
Анотація:
This Technical Report provides basic measurement principles and practical guidance on spectroradiometry of optical radiation sources in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2 500 nm. The document primarily deals with spectral measurements of irradiance, radiance, radiant intensity, radiant flux and derivative quantities. The document provides a detailed overview of relevant terminology and basic measurement principles, including those for instrument calibration. It provides practical guidance for identifying, understanding and quantifying relevant measurement uncertainty components. This document replaces CIE 063-1984. Additional details on measurement principles not covered in this document can be found in CIE 214:2014. The document is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 94 pages with 41 figures and 3 tables and is readily available from the CIE Webshop or from the National Committees of the CIE.
4
Chen, Z., S. E. Grasby, C. Deblonde, and X. Liu. AI-enabled remote sensing data interpretation for geothermal resource evaluation as applied to the Mount Meager geothermal prospective area. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330008.
Анотація:
The objective of this study is to search for features and indicators from the identified geothermal resource sweet spot in the south Mount Meager area that are applicable to other volcanic complexes in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt. A Landsat 8 multi-spectral band dataset, for a total of 57 images ranging from visible through infrared to thermal infrared frequency channels and covering different years and seasons, were selected. Specific features that are indicative of high geothermal heat flux, fractured permeable zones, and groundwater circulation, the three key elements in exploring for geothermal resource, were extracted. The thermal infrared images from different seasons show occurrence of high temperature anomalies and their association with volcanic and intrusive bodies, and reveal the variation in location and intensity of the anomalies with time over four seasons, allowing inference of specific heat transform mechanisms. Automatically extracted linear features using AI/ML algorithms developed for computer vision from various frequency bands show various linear segment groups that are likely surface expression associated with local volcanic activities, regional deformation and slope failure. In conjunction with regional structural models and field observations, the anomalies and features from remotely sensed images were interpreted to provide new insights for improving our understanding of the Mount Meager geothermal system and its characteristics. After validation, the methods developed and indicators identified in this study can be applied to other volcanic complexes in the Garibaldi, or other volcanic belts for geothermal resource reconnaissance.