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Статті в журналах з теми "Foot muscle"
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Henderson, Adrienne D., A. Wayne Johnson, Lindsey G. Rasmussen, Weston P. Peine, Sydney H. Symons, Kade A. Scoresby, Sarah T. Ridge, and Dustin A. Bruening. "Early-Stage Diabetic Neuropathy Reduces Foot Strength and Intrinsic but Not Extrinsic Foot Muscle Size." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9536362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Tracking progression of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is usually focused on sensory nerves and subjective testing methods. Recent studies have suggested that distal muscle atrophy may precede sensation loss. Methods to objectively measure distal muscle size and strength are needed to help understand how neuropathy affects muscle function. Purpose. To evaluate individual intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle sizes and functional foot strength in participants with DPN. Methods. Thirty individuals participated in this cross-sectional study (15 DPN and 15 matched controls). Sizes of 10 separate muscles of the lower leg and foot were measured using ultrasound imaging. Functional foot strength was also quantified using custom great toe and lateral toe flexion tests along with a doming test. Muscle size and strength metrics were compared between groups using ANOVAs and paired t-tests (α=0.05). Correlations between strength and relevant muscle sizes were also evaluated. Results. The sizes of all four intrinsic foot muscles were smaller in individuals with DPN (p≤0.03), while only one (toe extensor) of the six extrinsic muscles was smaller (p<0.01). Great toe flexion (p=0.03) and lateral toe flexion (p<0.01) strengths were decreased between groups and showed moderate to strong correlations (0.43≤r≤0.80) with several corresponding intrinsic muscle sizes. The doming strength test did not show any difference between groups and was moderately correlated with one muscle size (r=0.59). Conclusion. Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy affects intrinsic muscles before extrinsics. Ultrasound imaging of individual muscles and functional toe flexion tests can be used clinically to monitor DPN progression and foot function. Participants need to be trained in the doming test before a relationship can be established between this test and DPN foot function. Future studies should include muscle quality measurements to better understand characteristics of affected muscles.
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ÜNVER, Banu, Hanifegül TAŞKIRAN, and Ahmet Cüneyt AKGÖL. "Foot Muscle Strength, Muscle Shortness, Balance, and Shoe Preferences in Different Foot Postures." Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.714950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the foot muscle strength, muscle shortness, tibialis posterior endurance, balance, and the shoe preference differences between the neutral and pronated foot posture.
Methods: Forty-nine participants consisting of 23 women and 26 men, and age of between 18 and 45 years were participated in the study. Foot posture, medial longitudinal arch height, height, gastrocnemius and hamstring muscle shortness, foot and ankle muscle strength, tibialis
posterior muscle endurance, static balance, and shoe preferences of the participants were evaluated. Subjects were recruited into two groups according to their foot posture evaluated with Foot Posture Index: as those with neutral and pronated foot posture.
Results: Navicular drop, gastrocnemius, and hamstring muscle shortness were significantly higher in participants with pronated foot posture compared to those with neutral foot (p0.05).
Conclusion: Flexibility of gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles were reduced, but foot muscle strength, tibialis posterior muscle endurance, and balance remained unaffected in young individuals with excessive foot pronation. Moreover, shoe preferences may not affect the foot posture in young people. Although all age-related biomechanical effects of foot pronation are not well known yet, muscle shortness seems to arise earlier than muscle weakness and reduced balance in pronated foot posture
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Skowron, Natalia, Roksana Malak, Ewa Mojs, and Włodzimierz Samborski. "Foot arch condition in comparison with the muscular balance of lower limbs in children at school age of 6–14 years." Journal of Medical Science 84, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/medical.e21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Foot arch condition plays an important role in correct setting of lower limbs joints, proper muscles tone and well-being [1]. More and more frequently foot arch deviations affect population of school age children [2, 3]. It is based on anatomic knowledge that abnormal foot arch is strongly connected with the disturbed muscle tone of lower limb. The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the relation between the foot arch condition and muscular balance of the lower limbs.Material and methods. Children were assessed using the Clarke’s angle and indicatory muscles length tests including: quadratus lumborum muscle, hamstring muscle, thigh adductors, piriformis muscle.Results. Abnormal foot arch was showed by 70% of subject children. The greatest number of muscles length abnormality was observed in quadratus lumborum muscles. There was a statistically significant correlation between right hamstring muscle contraction and abnormal foot arch (p = 0.011). Conclusions. Foot arch alternations increasingly more often appear in the greater number of school–age children. The assessment and therapy of abnormal foot arch should include the examination of muscular balance of the lower limbs.
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Hansen, J., G. D. Thomas, T. N. Jacobsen, and R. G. Victor. "Muscle metaboreflex triggers parallel sympathetic activation in exercising and resting human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): H2508—H2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.6.h2508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Activation of a metabolically generated reflex in exercising skeletal muscle (muscle metaboreflex) in humans is known to trigger increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to resting skeletal muscles. In seven healthy human subjects, to determine whether this reflex mechanism also increases SNA to the exercising muscles, we recorded muscle SNA with microelectrodes in the right peroneal nerve and in fascicles of the left peroneal nerve selectively innervating the exercising muscles of the left foot. Subjects performed static toe extension at 20% maximal voluntary contraction alone or in combination with foot ischemia. Only static toe extension at 20% MVC during ischemia activated the muscle metaboreflex. This paradigm caused increases in SNA to exercising muscle that paralleled those to the resting muscles: during the first minute of exercise SNA was unchanged, but during the second minute SNA increased from 29 +/- 2 to 38 +/- 2 bursts/min (P < 0.05) to the exercising muscles and from 30 +/- 3 to 40 +/- 2 bursts/min (P < 0.05) to the resting muscles. These bilateral increases in SNA were maintained when metaboreflex activation was sustained by postexercise foot ischemia. In conclusion, these data provide neurophysiological evidence that the muscle metaboreflex evokes parallel sympathetic activation in exercising and resting human skeletal muscle.
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Lee, Jin Hyuck, Ki Hun Shin, Taek Sung Jung, and Woo Young Jang. "Lower Extremity Muscle Performance and Foot Pressure in Patients Who Have Plantar Fasciitis with and without Flat Foot Posture." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abnormal foot posture and poor muscle performance are potential causes of plantar fasciitis (PF). However, no study has compared the differences between lower extremity muscle performance and foot pressure in patients who have PF with and without abnormal foot postures. This study aimed to compare the differences in lower extremity muscle performance, such as in the hip, quadriceps, hamstring, and plantar flexor, and foot pressure in patients who have PF with and without flat foot postures. Seventy patients with plantar heel pain were enrolled (37 flat feet and 33 without flat feet). The hip muscle strength was measured using a handheld digital dynamometer. The strength and reaction time of the quadriceps, hamstring, and plantar flexor muscles were evaluated using an isokinetic device. Foot pressure parameters were assessed using pedobarography. The strength of the plantar flexor muscles was significantly lower (p = 0.008), while the reaction time of the plantar flexor muscles was significantly faster (p = 0.007) for the involved feet of PF patients with flat feet than in those without flat feet. This study confirmed the differences in muscle performance between patients who have PF with different foot postures. Therefore, clinicians and therapists should plan treatment considering the differences in these characteristics for the management of these patients.
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Ridge, Sarah T., K. Michael Rowley, Toshiyuki Kurihara, Matthew McClung, Jiaxi Tang, Steven Reischl, and Kornelia Kulig. "Contributions of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Foot Muscles during Functional Standing Postures." BioMed Research International 2022 (May 5, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7708077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose. Maintaining balance during static standing postures requires the coordination of many neuromuscular mechanisms. The role of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles in this paradigm has yet to be clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to explore foot muscle activation during static phases on common weight-bearing tasks of varying loads and balance demands. Methods. Twenty healthy young adults performed 6 standing postures (single-limb and double-limb stand, squat, and heel raise) with one foot on a force plate. Muscle activity was recorded from the abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis longus and brevis, and tibialis posterior using intramuscular electrodes; surface electrodes were used to record activity from the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA (2 loading conditions × 3 postures) were run to compare muscle activation and center of pressure velocity. Results. Intrinsic foot muscle activity increased as loading and postural demand increased; however, the specific effects varied for each of the extrinsic foot muscles. Conclusions. These results suggest that the intrinsic foot muscles play an important role in maintaining static balance. Strengthening intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles may help increase stability in people who have weak toe flexors or who suffer from a variety of foot pathologies.
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Dygut, Jacek, and Monika Piwowar. "Muscular Systems and Their Influence on Foot Arches and Toes Alignment—Towards the Proper Diagnosis and Treatment of Hallux Valgus." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
(1) Background: Static foot deformities, including hallux valgus, are common deformities. The subject under consideration is the role of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles working within muscular systems that shape the arches of the foot and the alignment of the toes. (2) Methods: Based on a literature review, the muscle systems were analyzed. The systems under consideration were as follows: “tendon stirrup” (system I); muscles complementary to the tendon stirrup (system II); “foot lever” (system III); muscles complementary to system III (system IV); “reins of hallux” (system V), a muscular system having distal inserts on the hallux. The shape of the foot arches was analyzed in this context. (3) Results: The correct arch architecture of the foot stabilized mainly by the extrinsic muscle systems determining the function of the intrinsic muscle systems of the foot is described. The proper function of muscular systems shaping the arches of the foot is a prerequisite for the proper function of muscles directly responsible for the alignment of the big toe (hallux) and other foot toes. (4) Conclusion: The action of muscles should be considered in groups (systems) because the action of the group of muscles results in the creation of a new quality of movement. The analysis of individual muscle-pulling forces, especially the moments of force in the weight-bearing foot, may lead to extremely incorrect conclusions. In pathological cases, the restoration of the correct arches of the foot guarantees the recovery of the correct function of the pulling forces of the foot muscles responsible for the physiological alignment of the hallux. This is especially important concerning conservative and surgical treatment of hallux valgus.
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Knellwolf, T. P., A. R. Burton, E. Hammam, and V. G. Macefield. "Firing properties of muscle spindles supplying the intrinsic foot muscles of humans in unloaded and freestanding conditions." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00539.2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We recently developed an approach for recording from muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the foot in freestanding humans by inserting a tungsten microelectrode into the posterior tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus of the ankle. Here we characterize the behavior of muscle spindles in the small muscles of the foot in 1) seated subjects with the leg horizontal and the foot naturally plantarflexed and 2) standing subjects. In the first study, recordings were made from 26 muscle spindle afferents located within flexor digiti minimi brevis ( n = 4), abductor digiti minimi ( n = 3), quadratus plantae ( n = 3), plantar interossei ( n = 4), flexor digitorum brevis ( n = 3), dorsal interossei ( n = 2), and lumbricals ( n = 2), with one each supplying abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, and flexor hallucis brevis. The identity of another two muscle afferents was unknown. The majority of the units were silent at rest, only seven (27%) being spontaneously active. Because of the anatomic constraints of the foot, some spindles supplying muscles acting on the toes responded to movements of one or more digits. In the second study, 12 muscle spindle afferents were examined during standing. The ongoing discharge of eight spindle afferents covaried with changes in the center of pressure during postural sway. We conclude that the majority of spindle endings in the small muscles of the foot are silent at rest, which may allow them to encode changes in conformation of the foot when it is loaded during standing. Moreover, these muscle spindle afferents can provide useful proprioceptive information during standing and postural sway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have characterized the firing properties of muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the human foot for the first time. The majority of the spindle endings are silent in seated subjects, and most fire tonically during standing, their discharge covarying with center of pressure during postural sway. We conclude that spindle endings in the intrinsic muscles of the foot provide useful proprioceptive information during free standing.
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Kelly, Luke A., Dominic J. Farris, Andrew G. Cresswell, and Glen A. Lichtwark. "Intrinsic foot muscles contribute to elastic energy storage and return in the human foot." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00736.2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human foot is uniquely stiff to enable forward propulsion, yet also possesses sufficient elasticity to act as an energy store, recycling mechanical energy during locomotion. Historically, this dichotomous function has been attributed to the passive contribution of the plantar aponeurosis. However, recent evidence highlights the potential for muscles to modulate the energetic function of the foot actively. Here, we test the hypothesis that the central nervous system can actively control the foot’s energetic function, via activation of the muscles within the foot’s longitudinal arch. We used a custom-built loading apparatus to deliver cyclical loads to human feet in vivo, to deform the arch in a manner similar to that observed in locomotion. We recorded foot motion and forces, alongside muscle activation and ultrasound images from flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), an intrinsic foot muscle that spans the arch. When active, the FDB muscle fascicles contracted in an isometric manner, facilitating elastic energy storage in the tendon, in addition to the energy stored within the plantar aponeurosis. We propose that the human foot is akin to an active suspension system for the human body, with mechanical and energetic properties that can be actively controlled by the central nervous system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The human foot is renowned for its ability to recycle mechanical energy during locomotion, contributing up to 17% of the energy required to power a stride. This mechanism has long been considered passive in nature, facilitated by the elastic ligaments within the arch of the foot. In this paper, we present the first direct evidence that the intrinsic foot muscles also contribute to elastic energy storage and return within the human foot. Isometric contraction of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle tissue facilitates tendon stretch and recoil during controlled loading of the foot. The significance of these muscles has been greatly debated by evolutionary biologists seeking to understand the origins of upright posture and gait, as well as applied and clinical scientists. The data we present here show a potential function for these muscles in contributing to the energetic function of the human foot.
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Andrade, Antonio C. F., Danilo S. Catelli, Bruno L. S. Bedo, Guilherme M. Cesar, Thiago F. Santos, Eduardo B. Junqueira, and Paulo R. P. Santiago. "Association between the Strength of Flexor Hallucis Brevis and Abductor Hallucis and Foot Mobility in Recreational Runners." Biomechanics 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics2040048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Different measurements of foot morphological characteristics can effectively predict foot muscle strength. However, it is still uncertain if structural and postural alterations leading to foot pronation could be compensated with more efficient function of the intrinsic foot muscles and how mobility and strength are associated. Additionally, the relationship between foot mobility and the strength of the intrinsic muscles that control the foot arch is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the morphological parameters between dominant and non-dominant feet and the relationship between the intrinsic foot muscle strength and foot mobility in recreational runners. We used a cross-sectional study design to evaluate twenty-four healthy recreational runners (minimum 15 km/week) with an average training history of 70 ± 60 months. Foot Posture Index (FPI-6), isometric intrinsic muscle strength, overall morphology, and normalized mobility of both feet were assessed. Parametric tests analyzed the unidimensional measures, and paired analysis determined differences between dominant and non-dominant sides. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients determined the relationships between normalized strength and the variables of interest (CI = 95%). There was no significant association between intrinsic foot muscle strength and mobility. The only difference observed was between the dominant and non-dominant foot regarding the normalized foot length and midfoot width during non-weight-bearing, with small and medium effect sizes, respectively. Neither foot morphology nor foot mobility was associated with strength from intrinsic foot muscles in healthy recreational runners. Further work should explore the relationship investigated in our study with professional athletes and runners with symptomatic lower limb injuries to potentialize training and rehabilitation protocols.
Дисертації з теми "Foot muscle"
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Wessbecher, Laura. "Foot Strike in Runners: The Relationship Between Heel Length, Foot Strike, and Calf Muscle Thickness." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/595.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One major way that running style varies between individuals is how their foot strikes the ground (forefoot strike or rearfoot strike). Running generates a torque about the ankle that depends on the individual’s foot strike pattern, length of their plantar flexor moment arm, and force generated from the plantar flexor muscles. The foot strike pattern during running, gastrocnemii muscle thickness, and heel length (used as an approximation for plantar flexor moment arm) were determined in 41 runners. Forefoot and rearfoot strike runners had the same thickness of the gastrocnemii muscles. However, in comparison with sedentary walkers, the runners had thicker calf muscles. These results imply a “peak” muscle thickness seems to be attained by running. Runners with longer heels were more likely to use a forefoot strike running style, possibly due to a mechanical advantage in the generation of torque.
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Wang, Ruoli. "Biomechanical Consequences of Foot and Ankle Injury and Deformity: Kinematics and Muscle Function." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Royal Institute for Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11217.
Повний текст джерела
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Sundén, Jakob. "Associations between dolphin kick performance and lower extremity muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength and foot length in active competitive swimmers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Maximal muscle strength and body proportions are some of the key attributes to be a fast swimmer. Even though dolphin kick (DK) has become essential to be a fast swimmer little is known of its associations to muscle strength and body proportions. Moreover, the effect of feet size has been stated to be a primary contributor to dolphin kick thrust production, but scientific evidence is still scarce. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between lower extremity muscle strength, abdominal strength and feet length with dolphin kick performance over 15 meters in active competitive swimmers 15-20 years old Method: Twelve Test subjects (six male and six female) participated. Test subjects performed four 15 meters dolphin kick trials. Lower extremity muscle strength was tested with a three repetition maximum strength test and abdominal strength with brutal bench test. The muscles tested were rectus femoris, biceps femoris and rectus abdominis. Feet length was measured with a measuring tape. The correlations between lower extremity strength, abdominal strength and feet length with dolphin kick performance were calculated with spearman’s correlation. Results: Twelve test subjects between ages 15-20 years old participated. Spearman correlation test showed that lower extremity strength (rectus femoris: rs=-0.57 and biceps femoris: rs=-0.66) had a large association with dolphin kick performance. Abdominal strength (rs=-0.46) and feet length (rs=-0.35) had a moderate association with dolphin kick performance. Conclusion: The present study conclude that lower extremity strength is important for DK performance over 15 meters and that abdominal strength and feet length also is important but is less associated to it. The finding from this study can be used for making training programs for improving DK performance and for scouting swimmers with beneficial traits for specific swimming technique.
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Kupiec, Sean M. Guskiewicz Kevin M. "The effect of foot type on lower extremity muscle activity and center of pressure." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,451.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science (Athletic Training)." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
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Pimentel, Leonardo Halley Carvalho. "Different doses of botulinum toxin in spastic equinus foot of poststroke patients." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11077.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
nÃo hÃBackground: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), one of the most potent biological toxins, acts by blocking neuromuscular transmission via inhibiting acetylcholine release and is a well-known treatment for poststroke spasticity, despite some variations among dose protocols. Spasticity is one of the factors that affect the functional rehabilitation process in stroke. Spasticity arises from the loss of myotatic reflex inhibition, resulting from upper motor neuron lesion. Equinus foot is common in lower limb spasticity after stroke worsening gait pattern and functional independence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of BTX-A different doses on spastic foot in stroke patients in rehabilitation programme and on gait velocity and functional independence of these patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, prospective and double blind trial. Patients were recruited if they had diagnosis of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) with a poststroke period of at least six months and hemiparesis with spastic equinus foot (Ashworth score 3 or 4 in a range from 0 to 5). Twenty-one hemiparetic stroke patients enrolled in a rehabilitation programme were divided into two groups. The first group (n=11) received BTX-A 300UI in spastic foot and the second group (n=10) received BTX-A 100UI. All patients were assessed at baseline and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after injection for passive range of motion for ankle joint, Modified Ashworth Score, time walking 10 meters, clonus score and motor score of Functional Independence Measure (mFIM). Results: Higher dose group had significant improvement in range of motion on week 12 (p=0,021) and in Ashworth score on weeks 8 (p=0,012) and 12 (p < 0,0001) compared with lower dose group. There was slight improvement in clonus score in higher dose group on week 12 without statistical significance. Both groups had improvement in time walking 10 meters and mFIM without significant difference between them in the analyzed sample. There was no significant adverse effect. Conclusions: BTX-A is an important tool in poststroke rehabilitation for spasticity parameters improvement, but there was no significant difference between high and low doses of BTX-A for gait velocity neither for functional independence in the analyzed sample. Future studies with larger number of patients and evaluation of response to BTX-A reapplications are necessary to confirm these findings.
IntroduÃÃo: A toxina botulÃnica tipo A (TbA), uma das mais potentes toxinas biolÃgicas, age atravÃs do bloqueio da transmissÃo neuromuscular via inibiÃÃo da liberaÃÃo de acetilcolina e à um tratamento bem-estabelecido para espasticidade pÃs-AVE, apesar de variaÃÃes entre os protocolos de doses em diferentes centros. Espasticidade à um dos fatores que interferem no processo de reabilitaÃÃo funcional apÃs acidente vascular encefÃlico (AVE). Ela surge por causa da perda da inibiÃÃo do reflexo miotÃtico, resultante de lesÃo do neurÃnio motor superior. O pà equino à comum na espasticidade de membro inferior depois do AVE e sua instalaÃÃo piora o padrÃo de marcha e a independÃncia funcional. O objetivo desse estudo à avaliar os efeitos da TbA em diferentes doses sobre o pà espÃstico de pacientes com sequela de AVE inseridos em programa de reabilitaÃÃo e sobre a velocidade de marcha e independÃncia funcional desses pacientes. Metodologia: Este estudo foi realizado atravÃs de ensaio randomizado, prospectivo e duplo cego. Foram recrutados pacientes com diagnÃstico de AVE (isquÃmico ou hemorrÃgico) com perÃodo pÃs-AVE de pelo menos seis meses e hemiparesia com pà equino espÃstico (escore Ashworth 3 ou 4 em uma escala de 0 a 5). Vinte e um pacientes hemiparÃticos pÃs-AVE inseridos em programa de reabilitaÃÃo foram divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo (n=11) recebeu aplicaÃÃo de 300UI de TbA no pà espÃstico e o segundo grupo (n=10) recebeu 100UI de TbA. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados no tempo zero e 2, 4, 8 e 12 semanas apÃs a injeÃÃo quanto aos seguintes parÃmetros: amplitude de movimento passivo da articulaÃÃo do tornozelo, escala de Ashworth modificada, tempo para andar 10 metros, escore clÃnus de aquileu e escore motor da Medida de IndependÃncia Funcional (MIFm). Resultados: O grupo 300UI TbA teve melhora significativa da amplitude de movimento na 12 semana (p=0,021) e da escala de Ashworth nas 8 (p=0,012) e 12 (p < 0,0001) semanas em comparaÃÃo ao grupo 100UI TbA. Houve tendÃncia à melhora do escore clÃnus na 12 semana no grupo 300UI TbA. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora durante o estudo no tempo para andar 10 metros e da MIFm sem diferenÃa significativa entre eles. NÃo foram observados efeitos adversos significativos no decorrer do estudo. ConclusÃes: TbA à uma importante ferramenta na reabilitaÃÃo pÃs-AVE para melhora dos parÃmetros de espasticidade, mas nÃo houve diferenÃa significativa entre dose alta e baixa de TbA para parÃmetros funcionais (velocidade de marcha e independÃncia funcional), na amostra analisada. Estudos futuros com um nÃmero maior de pacientes e avaliaÃÃo de resposta a reaplicaÃÃes de TbA sÃo necessÃrios para confirmaÃÃo desses achados.
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Matzler, Marcel. "Muscle Rehabilitation and Pressure Re-distribution in the Diabetic Foot Using an Unstable Shoe Construction." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500632.
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Sahlén, Rebecca. "Study of Lower Leg Muscle Length Following Clubfoot Relapse : 3D Modeling of Foot Deformity in AnyBody Modeling System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Idiopathic clubfoot causes severe deformity of the foot and lower leg. Due to the complex anatomy and small size of the foot, the condition is difficult to define and describe. This study focused on 3D modeling of different foot positions associated with clubfoot relapse, and investigation of muscle parameters. The 3D modeling was performed in the AnyBody Modeling System to retrieve information about muscle length. Musculoskeletal modeling could provide further understanding of the condition and contribute to assessment and treatment evaluation. Five children that received clubfoot treatment as infants, and five typically developing children, serving as a control group, participated in the study. Despite treatment with the Ponseti method, Achilles tenotomy and use of an abduction orthosis, all participants of the clubfoot group showed signs of relapse. In total, seven affected legs were studied. Data from gait analyses of all participants were compiled and interpreted in the AnyBody Modeling System. The Plug-in-Gait Model for lower extremities and the Oxford Foot Model were used as marker protocol for the study. Studied lower leg muscles were Gastrocnemius Lateralis, Gastrocnemius Medialis, Soleus Lateralis and Soleus Medialis. Muscle length, defined as length of contractile element, for each leg and participant were evaluated using the AnyBody model template LowerExtremity. Compared to the control group, the models of the clubfoot group presented shorter mean muscle lengths of all investigated muscles.Idiopatisk klumpfot orsakar allvarlig deformation av fot och underben. På grund av fotens anatomi och ringa storlek kan tillståndet vara svårt att beskriva och definiera. Denna studie innefattade 3Dmodellering av olika fotpositioner orakade av recidivklumpfot, för att undersöka muskelegenskaper. AnyBody Modeling System användes för att generera 3D-modeller och ta fram information om muskellängd. Muskuloskeletal modellering skulle kunna öka förståelsen för sjukdomen och bidra till förbättringar av initial bedömning och utvärdering av behandling. Fem barn som behandlades för klumpfot efter födseln deltog i studien. Även fem typiskt utvecklade barn medverkade och fungerade som en kontrollgrupp. Trots behandling med Ponseti-metoden, hälseneförlängning och användning av abduktionsortos, uppvisade samtliga barn i klumpfotsgruppen tecken på återfall. Totalt studerades sju ben med recidivklumpfot. Data från gånganalyser av deltagarna sammanställdes och analyserades i AnyBody Modeling System. Plug-in-Gait Model för nedre extremiteter och Oxford Foot Model användes som markörprotokoll. Under studien analyserades underbensmusklerna Gastrocnemius Lateralis, Gastrocnemius Medialis, Soleus Lateralis och Soleus Medialis. Muskellängd (längd av kontraktilelement) för varje patient och ben beräknades med hjälp av modellmallen LowerExtremity i AnyBody Modeling System. Jämfört med kontrollgruppen visade klumpfotsgruppen kortare medelmuskellängder för samtliga av de analyserade musklerna.
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Troubridge, Michael A. "The effect of foot position on quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activity during a parallel squat exercise." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ58097.pdf.
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Garner, Kelsey Renee. "The Differences in Time to Stability, Foot Muscle Size, and Toe Flexor Strength Between Cheerleaders and Gymnasts." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: There has been recent speculation that the intrinsic muscles of the foot may play a larger role in lower extremity control and injury than previously believed. Multiple studies have shown that certain intrinsic muscles increase in size and strength after transitioning to minimalist shoe running, theoretically decreasing injury risk. There are currently no studies that examine the effect that training barefoot has in other athletic populations. Objective: Our purpose was to compare the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle size and strength in gymnasts (who predominantly train barefoot) and cheerleaders (who predominantly train shod). Another purpose was to measure time to stability for both groups shod and unshod. Design: Observational study. Setting: Human Performance Laboratory. Participants: 16 collegiate gymnasts (height = 159.3 ± 4.9cm, weight = 56.7 ± 4.3kg) and 16 collegiate cheerleaders (height = 161.9 ± 5.4cm, weight = 58.7 ± 7.1kg) volunteered for this study. Main Outcome Measure(s): The muscle size of 6 intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot were measured using ultrasound, toe flexor strength, as assessed using a custom-made dynamometer, and time to stability following a drop landing, as assessed using ground reaction force data collected with force plates. Results: There were no significant group differences in great toe flexor strength (p = 0.274), lateral toe flexor strength (p = 0.824), or any of the time to stability conditions (p = 0.086 – 0.90). Only one muscle, fibularis longus, was significantly bigger in gymnasts than cheerleaders (p = 0.017) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the barefoot training of gymnasts may not have as large of an impact on the foot musculature and strength as running barefoot or in minimalist shoes has on these factors.
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Wang, Ruoli. "Biomechanical consequences of gait impairment at the ankle and foot : Injury, malalignment, and co-contraction." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strukturmekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-94886.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The human foot contributes significantly to the function of the whole lower extremity during standing and locomotion. Nevertheless, the foot and ankle often suffer injuries and are affected by many musculoskeletal and neurological pathologies. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate gait parameters and muscle function change due to foot and ankle injury, malalignment and co-contraction. Using 3D gait analysis, analytical analyses and computational simulations, biomechanical consequences of gait impairment at the ankle and foot were explored in ablebodied persons and in patient groups with disorders affecting walking. We have characterized gait patterns of subjects with ankle fractures with a modified multi-segment foot model. The inter-segmental foot kinematics were determined during gait in 18 subjects one year after surgically-treated ankle fractures. Gait data were compared to an age- and gender-matched control group and the correlations between functional ankle score and gait parameters were determined. It was observed that even with fairly good clinical results, restricted range of motion and malalignment at and around the injured area were found in the injured limb. Moment-angle relationship (dynamic joint stiffness) - the relationship between changes in joint moment and changes in joint angle - is useful for demonstrating interaction of kinematics and kinetics during gait. Ankle dynamic joint stiffness during the stance phase of gait was analyzed and decomposed into three components in thirty able-bodied children, eight children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and eight children with idiopathic toe-walking. Compared to controls, the component associated with changes of ground reaction moment was the source of highest deviation in both pathological groups. Specifically, ankle dynamic joint stiffness differences can be further identified via two subcomponents of this component which are based on magnitudes and rates of change of the ground reaction force and of its moment arm. And differences between the two patient groups and controls were most evident and interpretable here. Computational simulations using 3D musculoskeltal models can be powerful in investigating movement mechanisms, which are not otherwise possible or ethical to measure experimentally. We have quantified the effect of subtalar malalignment on the potential dynamic function of the main ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors: the gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior. Induced acceleration analysis was used to compute muscle-induced joint angular and body center of mass accelerations. A three-dimensional subject-specific linkage model was configured by gait data and driven by 1 Newton of individual muscle force. The excessive subtalar inversion or eversion was modified by offsetting up to ±20˚ from the normal subtalar angle while other configurations remain unaltered. We confirmed that in normal gait, muscles generally acted as their anatomical definitions, and that muscles can create motion in many joints, even those not spanned by the muscles. Excessive subtalar eversion was found to enlarge the plantarflexors’ and tibialis anterior’s function. In order to ascertain the reliability of muscle function computed from simulations, we have also performed a parametric study on eight healthy adults to evaluate how sensitive the muscle-induced joints’ accelerations are to the parameters of rigid foot-ground contact model. We quantified accelerations induced by the gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior on the lower limb joints. Two types of models, a ‘fixed joint’ model with three fixed joints under the foot and a ‘moving joint’ model with one joint located along the moving center of pressure were evaluated. The influences of different foot-ground contact joint constraints and locations of center of pressure were also investigated. Our findings indicate that both joint locations and prescribed degrees-of-freedom of models affect the predicted potential muscle function, wherein the joint locations are most influential. The pronounced influences can be observed in the non-sagittal plane. Excessive muscle co-contraction is a cause of inefficient or abnormal movement in some neuromuscular pathologies. We have identified the necessary compensation strategies to overcome excessive antagonistic muscle cocontraction at the ankle joint and retain a normal walking pattern. Muscle-actuated simulation of normal walking and induced acceleration analysis were performed to quantify compensatory mechanisms of the primary ankle and knee muscles in the presence of normal, medium and high levels of co-contraction of two antagonistic pairs (gastrocnemiustibialis anterior and soleus-tibialis anterior). The study showed that if the co-contraction level increases, the nearby synergistic muscles can contribute most to compensation in the gastrocnemius-tibialis anterior pair. In contrast, with the soleus-tibialis anterior co-contraction, the sartorius and hamstrings can provide important compensatory roles in knee accelerations. This dissertation documented a broad range of gait mechanisms and muscle functions in the foot and ankle area employing both experiments and computational simulations. The strategies and mechanisms in which altered gait and muscles activation are used to compensate for impairment can be regarded as references for evaluation of future patients and for dynamic muscle functions during gait.QC 20120514
Книги з теми "Foot muscle"
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author, Gladki Karol, Gray Adam author, and Murchison Alan author, eds. Muscle food. London: Dennis Publishing, 2014.
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Raw power!: Building strength and muscle naturally. San Diego, Calif: Maul Brothers Publishing, 1998.
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1960-, Decker Eric, Faustman Cameron 1960-, and Lopez-Bote Clemente J, eds. Antioxidants in muscle foods: Nutritional strategies to improve quality. New York: Wiley, 2000.
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Spicer, Elizabeth F. Ask your body: Relieve your food allergies instantly and naturally with muscle testing. Blue Hill, Maine: Medicine Bear Publishing, 1998.
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The 5-minute plantar fasciitis solution. Indianapolis, IN: Dog Ear Pub., 2008.
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Rinzler, Carol Ann. Leonardo's foot: How 10 toes, 52 bones, and 66 muscles shaped the human world. New York: Bellevue Literary Press, 2013.
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MacPherson, Laura Lynn. Adaptations of skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase in response to food-restriction in mitochondrial subpopulations. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Foot muscle"
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Keshner, Emily A., and John H. J. Allum. "Muscle Activation Patterns Coordinating Postural Stability from Head to Foot." In Multiple Muscle Systems, 481–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_29.
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Kinosita, Kazuhiko, M. Yusuf Ali, Kengo Adachi, Katsuyuki Shiroguchi, and Hiroyasu Itoh. "How Two-Foot Molecular Motors May Walk." In Sliding Filament Mechanism in Muscle Contraction, 205–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-24990-7_16.
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Ishak, Nurhanna Zulaikha, Shahrol Mohamaddan, Annisa Jamali, Shinichiro Yamamoto, Helmy Hazmi, Low Cheng Yee, and Akihiko Hanafusa. "Experimental Analysis of Ankle Foot Orthosis Using Pneumatic Artificial Muscle." In IFMBE Proceedings, 118–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66169-4_16.
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Visser, Harry John. "Case #23: Reconstruction of Long-Standing Adult Flatfoot Deformity and Associated Peroneal Muscle Tendon Contractures." In Challenges in Foot and Ankle Reconstructive Surgery, 157–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07893-4_23.
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Banks, R. W., F. Emonet-Dénand, M. J. Stacey, and D. Thiesson. "The Innervation of Muscle Spindles in an Intrinsic Muscle of the Hind Foot: The Superficial Lumbrical of the Cat." In Alpha and Gamma Motor Systems, 210–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1935-5_44.
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Gupta, Rohit, and Ravinder Agarwal. "Lower-limb muscle EMG analysis to predict ankle-foot activities for prosthesis control." In Smart Computing, 404–11. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003167488-46.
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Visser, Harry John. "Case #15: Flexor Digitorum Longus Transfer to the Fifth Metatarsal for Dual Loss of Peroneal Tendon and Muscle Function and Subsequent Adductovarus Foot Deformity." In Challenges in Foot and Ankle Reconstructive Surgery, 97–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07893-4_15.
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Allen, Gina M., and Jon A. Jacobson. "Ultrasonography: Sports Injuries." In IDKD Springer Series, 229–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71281-5_16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractUltrasonography is a valuable imaging method to evaluate for sports injuries. In the upper extremity, rotator cuff evaluation is most common. Other applications include examination of the biceps and subacromial-subdeltoid bursa in the shoulder, biceps, triceps, common extensor tendon and ulnar collateral ligament in the elbow and tendon tear, pulley injury and skier’s thumb in the wrist and hand. In the lower extremity, ankle sprains, muscle injury and groin pain are the most common problems benefiting from imaging, and ultrasound plays a vital role. Tendinopathy, tendon injury and ligament injury are well visualised in the hip, knee, ankle and foot by diagnostic ultrasound.
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Noriega, Santiago, Maria C. Rojas, and Cecilia Murrugarra. "System for the Measurement of sEMG and Angular Displacement of the Ankle-Foot Joint Complex for Muscle Co-activation Detection in the Diagnosis of Foot Drop Pathology." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 626–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53021-1_63.
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Solomon, Morse B. "Biotechnology for Muscle Food Enhancement." In Muscle Foods, 527–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5933-4_20.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Foot muscle"
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Couper, Nathan, Robert Day, Patrick Renahan, Patrick Streeter, and Elizabeth DeBartolo. "Air Muscle Powered Ankle Foot Orthotic." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14136.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Foot drop, a disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, is a broad term used to describe a neurological or muscular-skeletal condition that restricts an individual’s ability to dorsiflex — raise — their foot about the ankle joint. Common causes of foot drop are stroke, ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease), MS, and injury. Unassisted, an individual with foot drop will have difficulty walking as the affected foot easily catches on obstacles. Foot drop causes clients to drag their toes on each step, greatly increasing the risk of a trip or fall.
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Masanori Sugisaka, Hiroshi Tsumura, and Masashi Kataoka. "Development of ankle foot orthosis (AFO) using artificial muscle." In 2007 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2007.4406872.
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Otis, James C., Sharon M. Kenneally, Matthew L. Hansen, and Jonathan T. Deland. "A Cadaveric Foot Model for Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0109.
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Abstract Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a significant foot disorder in which the posterior tibial tendon becomes inflamed and painful and loses its integrity. As a result, the posterior tibialis muscle/tendon unit becomes dysfunctional and, over the long term, the foot acquires a flatfoot deformity. Ideally, one would like to treat the problem early on and prevent the deformity from occurring. However, treatment to restore muscle balance in the foot in the early stages of the disorder have met with minimal success with patients eventually requiring fusions to treat the deformity and relieve pain. Currently no adequate models exist for studying the efficacy of treatment. A cadaveric foot model has been developed which simulates the muscle imbalance. The model can be used to investigate the biomechanical efficacy of surgical treatments used in early stage disease, prior to the occurrence of deformity. The model utilizes medial arch strain and talonavicular joint rotation as outcome measures.
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Misuraca, Joseph J., and Constantinos Mavroidis. "Lower Limb Human Muscle Enhancer." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24620.
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Abstract This paper describes the design, control, and testing of a Human Muscle Enhancer (HME) system that will augment the muscle capabilities of subjects requiring partial lower-limb weight-bearing gait support. The HME described in this paper is a pneumatically actuated quick connecting exoskeleton system that attaches to the foot and hip area of the body, thus “closing” the lower body kinematic chain. Control of the system is achieved by using encoders at the knee joints and Myo-Pneumatic (MP) Sensors implanted into the shoes and outer garments of the human. To test this design concept, a lower body exoskeleton test fixture has been fabricated. The test fixture mimics the human leg with the top cylinder providing the body weight on the leg. Another cylinder acts as leg muscles to provide the adjustable human reaction of the leg. Preliminary open and closed loop control tests have been performed that demonstate the capability of controlling the HME using the MP sensors.
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Tarkesh, Ehsan, Mohammad H. Elahinia, and Mohamed Samir Hefzy. "Developing an Active Ankle Foot Orthosis Based on Shape Memory Alloy Actuators." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176911.
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This paper is on development of an active ankle foot orthosis (AAFO). This device will fill the gap in the existing research aimed at helping patients with drop foot muscle deficiencies as well as rehabilitation activities. Drop foot patients are unable to lift their foot because of reduced or no muscle activity around the ankle. The major causes of drop foot are severing of the nerve, stroke, cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis. There are two common complications from drop foot. First, the patient cannot control the falling of their foot after heel strike, so that it slaps the ground on every step. The second complication is the inability to clear the toe during swing. This causes the patients to drag their toe on the ground throughout the swing.
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Sugisaka, Masanori, Jiwu Wang, Hiroshi Tsumura, and Masashi Kataoka. "A control method of ankle foot orthosis (AFO) with artificial muscle." In SICE 2008 - 47th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2008.4654992.
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Selk Ghafari, Ali, Ali Meghdari, and Gholam Reza Vossoughi. "Modeling of Human Lower Extremity Musculo-Skeletal Structure Using Bond Graph Approach." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A vector bond graph approach for dynamic modeling of human musculo-skeletal system is addressed in this article. In the proposed model, human body is modeled as a ten-segment, nine degree of freedom, mechanical linkage, actuated by ten muscles in sagittal plane. The head, arm and torso (HAT) are modeled as a single rigid body. Interaction of the feet with the ground is modeled using a spring-damper unit placed under the sole of each foot. The path of each muscle is represented by a straight line. Each actuator is modeled as a three-element, Hill-type muscle in series with tendon. The governing equations of motion generated by the proposed method are equivalent to those developed with more traditional techniques. However the models can be more easily used in conjunction with control models of neuro-muscular function for the simulation of overall dynamic motor performance. In the proposed structure, segments can be easily added or removed. Such a model may have applications in clinical diagnosis and modeling of paraplegic patients during robotic-assisted walking.
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Inoue, Jun, Kazuya Kawamura, and Masakatsu G. Fujie. "Developing a new foot muscle model of gait using a Bayesian network." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2012.6378293.
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Dawley, James A., Andrew M. Romanazzi, and Kevin B. Fite. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis for the Emulation of Transfemoral Prosthesis Socket Loads." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Control of prosthetic limbs using myoelectric muscle potentials from the wearer’s residual limb enables direct control of artificial limb behavior. The typical approach entails the integration of surface electromyogram (sEMG) electrodes within the inner wall of the socket interface, located to target specific superficial muscles in the amputee’s residual limb. While myoelectric upper-limb control is commonplace in prosthetic practice, its use in lower-extremity devices has been slow to follow suit. Various research efforts have studied approaches to implementing myoelectric control of artificial leg behavior [1–4], but the need for myoelectric control in lower-limb prostheses has been limited by the lack of commercial prototypes with the capability of net power generation.
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Sadeghimehr, Mohsen, Zohreh Salimi, and Mina Karami. "Acquiring of muscle forces of a normal foot during miscellaneous postures of gait." In 2010 17th Iranian Conference Of Biomedical Engineering (ICBME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbme.2010.5704987.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Foot muscle"
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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.
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Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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Goeckeritz, Joel, Nathan Schank, Ryan L Wood, Beverly L Roeder, and Alonzo D Cook. Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix Conduits in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration after Nerve Transection Injury. Science Repository, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.rgm.2022.03.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research has demonstrated the use of single-channel porcine-derived urinary bladder matrix (UBM) conduits in segmental-loss, peripheral nerve repairs as comparable to criterion-standard nerve autografts. This study aimed to replicate and expand upon this research with additional novel UBM conduits and coupled therapies. Fifty-four Wistar Albino rats were divided into 6 groups, and each underwent a surgical neurectomy to remove a 7-millimeter section of the sciatic nerve. Bridging of this nerve gap and treatment for each group was as follows: i) reverse autograft—the segmented nerve was reversed 180 degrees and used to reconnect the proximal and distal nerve stumps; ii) the nerve gap was bridged via a silicone conduit; iii) a single-channel UBM conduit; iv) a multi-channel UBM conduit; v) a single-channel UBM conduit identical to group 3 coupled with fortnightly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); vi) or, a multi-channel UBM conduit identical to group 4 coupled with fortnightly TENS. The extent of nerve recovery was assessed by behavioural parameters: foot fault asymmetry scoring measured weekly for six weeks; electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes, measured at weeks 0 and 6; and morphological parameters: total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, and fiber sizes measured at week 6. All the above parameters demonstrated recovery of the test groups (3-6) as being either comparable or less than that of reverse autograft, but none were shown to outperform reverse autograft. As such, UBM conduits may yet prove to be an effective treatment to repair relatively short segmental peripheral nerve injuries, but further research is required to demonstrate greater efficacy over nerve autografts.
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Goeckeritz, Joel, Nathan Schank, Ryan L Wood, Beverly L Roeder, and Alonzo D Cook. Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix Conduits in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Regeneration after Nerve Transection Injury. Science Repository, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.rgm.2022.03.01.sup.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research has demonstrated the use of single-channel porcine-derived urinary bladder matrix (UBM) conduits in segmental-loss, peripheral nerve repairs as comparable to criterion-standard nerve autografts. This study aimed to replicate and expand upon this research with additional novel UBM conduits and coupled therapies. Fifty-four Wistar Albino rats were divided into 6 groups, and each underwent a surgical neurectomy to remove a 7-millimeter section of the sciatic nerve. Bridging of this nerve gap and treatment for each group was as follows: i) reverse autograft—the segmented nerve was reversed 180 degrees and used to reconnect the proximal and distal nerve stumps; ii) the nerve gap was bridged via a silicone conduit; iii) a single-channel UBM conduit; iv) a multi-channel UBM conduit; v) a single-channel UBM conduit identical to group 3 coupled with fortnightly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS); vi) or, a multi-channel UBM conduit identical to group 4 coupled with fortnightly TENS. The extent of nerve recovery was assessed by behavioural parameters: foot fault asymmetry scoring measured weekly for six weeks; electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes, measured at weeks 0 and 6; and morphological parameters: total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, and fiber sizes measured at week 6. All the above parameters demonstrated recovery of the test groups (3-6) as being either comparable or less than that of reverse autograft, but none were shown to outperform reverse autograft. As such, UBM conduits may yet prove to be an effective treatment to repair relatively short segmental peripheral nerve injuries, but further research is required to demonstrate greater efficacy over nerve autografts.
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Kanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen, and Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food is an essential to our existence but under certain conditions it could become the origin to the accumulative health damages. Technological processes as heating, chopping, mincing, grounding, promote the lipid oxidation process in muscle tissues and meat foodstuffs. Lipid oxidation occurred rapidly in turkey muscle, intermediate in duck, and slowest in chicken during frozen storage. Depletion of tocopherol during frozen storage was more rapid in turkey and duck compared to chicken. These processes developed from lipid peroxides produce many cytotoxic compounds including malondialdehyde (MDA). The muscle tissue is further oxidized in stomach conditions producing additional cytotoxic compounds. Oxidized lipids that are formed during digestion of a meal possess the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular diseases. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 hours during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Polyphenols in the human diet, as an integral part of the meal prevent the generation and absorption of cytotoxic compounds and the destruction of essential nutrients, eg. antioxidants vitamins during the meal. Polyphenols act as antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract; they scavenge free radicals and may interact with reactive carbonyls, enzymes and proteins. These all reactions results in decreasing the absorption of reactive carbonyls and possible other cytotoxic compounds into the plasma. Consumptions of diet high in fat and red meat are contributory risk factors partly due to an increase production of cytotoxic oxidized lipid products eg. MDA. However, the simultaneously consumption of polyphenols rich foods reduce these factors. Locating the biological site of action of polyphenols in the in the gastrointestinal tract may explain the paradox between the protective effect of a highly polyphenols rich diet and the low bioavailability of these molecules in human plasma. It may also explain the "French paradox" and the beneficial effect of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, in which food products with high antioxidants content such as polyphenols are consumed during the meal.
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Halevy, Orna, Sandra Velleman, and Shlomo Yahav. Early post-hatch thermal stress effects on broiler muscle development and performance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597933.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In broilers, the immediate post-hatch handling period exposes chicks to cold or hot thermal stress, with potentially harmful consequences to product quantity and quality that could threaten poultry meat marketability as a healthy, low-fat food. This lower performance includes adverse effects on muscle growth and damage to muscle structure (e.g., less protein and more fat deposition). A leading candidate for mediating the effects of thermal stress on muscle growth and development is a unique group of skeletal muscle cells known as adult myoblasts (satellite cells). Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that can be stimulated to follow other developmental pathways, especially adipogenesis in lieu of muscle formation. They are most active during the first week of age in broilers and have been shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions and nutritional status. The hypothesis of the present study was that immediate post-hatch thermal stress would harm broiler growth and performance. In particular, growth characteristics and gene expression of muscle progenitor cells (i.e., satellite cells) will be affected, leading to increased fat deposition, resulting in long-term changes in muscle structure and a reduction in meat yield. The in vitro studies on cultured satellite cells derived from different muscle, have demonstrated that, anaerobic pectoralis major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion and more sensitive during myogenic proliferation and differentiation than aerobic biceps femoris cells when challenged to both hot and cold thermal stress. These results corroborated the in vivo studies, establishing that chronic heat exposure of broiler chicks at their first two week of life leads to impaired myogenicity of the satellite cells, and increased fat deposition in the muscle. Moreover, chronic exposure of chicks to inaccurate temperature, in particular to heat vs. cold, during their early posthatch periods has long-term effects of BW, absolute muscle growth and muscle morphology and meat quality. The latter is manifested by higher lipid and collagen deposition and may lead to the white striping occurrence. The results of this study emphasize the high sensitivity of muscle progenitor cells in the early posthatch period at a time when they are highly active and therefore the importance of rearing broiler chicks under accurate ambient temperatures. From an agricultural point of view, this research clearly demonstrates the immediate and long-term adverse effects on broiler muscling and fat formation due to chronic exposure to hot stress vs. cold temperatures at early age posthatch. These findings will aid in developing management strategies to improve broiler performance in Israel and the USA. BARD Report - Project4592 Page 2 of 29
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Rahimipour, Shai, and David Donovan. Renewable, long-term, antimicrobial surface treatments through dopamine-mediated binding of peptidoglycan hydrolases. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597930.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a need for renewable antimicrobial surface treatments that are semi- permanent, can eradicate both biofilms and planktonic pathogens over long periods of time and that do not select for resistant strains. This proposal describes a dopamine binding technology that is inexpensive, bio-friendly, non-toxic, and uses straight-forward commercially available products. The antimicrobial agents are peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that are non-toxic and highly refractory to resistance development. The goal of this project is to create a treatment that will be applicable to a wide variety of surfaces and will convey long-lasting antimicrobial activity. Although the immediate goal is to create staphylolytic surfaces, the technology should be applicable to any pathogen and will thus contribute to no less than 3 BARD priorities: 1) increased animal production by protecting animals from invasive and emerging diseases, 2) Antimicrobial food packaging will improve food safety and security and 3) sustainable bio- energy systems will be supported by coating fermentation vats with antimicrobials that could protect ethanolic fermentations from Lactobacillus contamination that reduces ethanol yields. The dopamine-based modification of surfaces is inspired by the strong adhesion of mussel adhesion proteins to virtually all types of surfaces, including metals, polymers, and inorganic materials. Peptidoglycanhydrolases (PGHs) meet the criteria of a surface bound antimicrobial with their site of action being extracellular peptidoglycan (the structural basis of the bacterial cell wall) that when breached causes osmotic lysis. As a proof of principle, we will develop technology using peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that target Staphylococcus aureus, a notoriously contagious and antimicrobial-resistant pathogen. We will test for susceptibility of the coating to a variety of environmental stresses including UV light, abrasive cleaning and dessication. In order to avoid resistance development, we intend to use three unique, synergistic, simultaneous staphylococcal enzyme activities. The hydrolases are modular such that we have created fusion proteins with three lytic activities that are highly refractory to resistance development. It is essential to use multiple simultaneous activities to avoid selecting for antimicrobial resistant strains. This strategy is applicable to both Gram positive and negative pathogens. We anticipate that upon completion of this award the technology will be available for commercialization within the time required to achieve a suitable high volume production scheme for the required enzymes (~1-2 years). We expect the modified surface will remain antimicrobial for several days, and when necessary, the protocol for renewal of the surface will be easily applied in a diverse array of environments, from food processing plants to barnyards.