Дисертації з теми "Formulation de Matériaux Nanocomposites"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Formulation de Matériaux Nanocomposites".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Luna, Cornejo Ollin Alan. "Formulation de matériaux électrostrictifs par voie émulsion pour la récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to develop near percolated networks of conductive nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphenesheets within an elastic polymer matrix, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A novel emulsion formulation route is employed to achieve a fine control over the inner structure of the materials. Graphene or CNT aqueous dispersions are integrated in the continuous phase of an emulsion made of PDMS droplets in water. After water removal, the nanoparticles are segregated in between the PDMS droplets at the Plateau borders of the emulsion. The morphology of the networks formed by the particles is controlled by the size of the emulsion droplets. The dielectrics properties of such materials are governed by (i) the droplets size, (ii) the filler concentration and (iii) the aggregation state. The optimization of such factors by the emulsion approach leads to giant dielectric permittivity (ϵ'r≈104 à 100Hz). In addition, we developed accurate characterization devices to study the material dielectric properties in response to a mechanical stress (i.e. electrostriction). Particularly high electrostrictive coefficients of M33 ≈ 10-11 m2/V2 at 100Hz are measured. To our knowledge, these are the highest values in the literature to date. The electrostrictive materials developed in the present work can be implemented in variable capacitors for conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. They are promising candidates for ambient mechanical energy harvesting; however, the optimization of some parameters remains to be studied
Waché, Rémi. "Formulation et caractérisation de polyéthylènes chargés avec des argiles : Propriétés barrière des nanocomposites obtenus." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2035.
Повний текст джерелаThe particularity of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites is based on the exfoliation of the clay platelets in the polymer matrix. Therefore properties may be dramatically modified with very low clay loading. In this work polyethylene and organoclay have been melt blended. Due to a lack of polarity, the polymer chains do not intercalate the clay stacking. However exfoliation is achieved using maleated polyethylene. We used this polymer as a compatibilizer to promote clay exfoliation in the polyethylene matrix. Partial exfoliation is obtained. Barrier properties of these materials have been characterized. Permeability is higher for the clay reinforced products than their matrix. To understand the poor permeability results a tortuosity model has been developed. The quality of the interface seems to be involved. Several organoclays and compatibilizers have been tested to improve it. But for the concentrations of these products used polyethylene clay interactions always exist and lead to an increase of diffusion
Oyharçabal, Mathieu. "Synthèse, formulation, et mise en oeuvre de nanomatériaux conducteurs base poly(aniline) / nanotubes de carbone pour des applications micro-ondes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14633.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the formulation of electrically conductive nanocomposites for microwave applications. The main purpose is to process radar-absorbent materials, more particularly at the X band. (8-12 GHz). Polyaniline and carbon nanotubes, dispersed in an epoxyde matrix, have been selected. Different morphologies of polyaniline have been synthesized to study its impact on the absorption properties of composites. Using flake-like polyaniline showing high anisotropy and aspect ratio increases conductivity and dielectric losses of composites. Moreover, its association with carbon nanotubes significantly improves the absorption properties at microwaves frequencies. Efficient radar absorbing screens, showing reflection losses lower than -20 dB, have been calculated and processed confirming the potential of these materials for stealth applications
Fatome, Emilie. "Formulations de nanocomposites hautes performances pour revêtements coil-coating : optimisation des interactions nanocharges-matrice." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work consists in optimizing formulations of coil-coating comprising nanofillers with the aim of improving the properties of coatings surface robustness without degrading other properties such as brightness or flexibility. We thus selected two families of nanofillers: lamellate clays and fumed silica for their mechanical performances and their economic attraction. We highlighted the importance of cation treatment and dispersion mode for lamellate clays dispersion improvment. However, a part of aggregates is broken, but without involving effects on the mechanical properties: nanofillers intrinsically harder should be used; it is the case of silicas. We then identified strong interactions between silica and melamine, leading to a strong gel. A surface treatment of adapted silica makes possible to reduce these interactions, which results in a quasi-Newtonian rheology due to a good dispersion of the fillers and significantly improved mechanical properties. To summarize, the interactions developed between nanofillers and organic matrix must be selected in an optimal way since they control not only the rheological behaviour of the formulations, but also the state of dispersion of the nanofillers in the cross linked film as well as various properties, in particular mechanical ones
Acquadro, Julien. "Étude des propriétés tribologiques et électriques de revêtements sol-gel comme alternative anticorrosion au cadmium et au chrome hexavalent pour la connectique en environnements sévères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST150.
Повний текст джерелаConnector technology involves the components that create electrical connections between different systems. In critical sectors such as aerospace and military, these connections must be highly reliable and able to perform under harsh conditions. Therefore, the electrical contacts within connectors are protected by housings made from aluminium alloys, like AA6061, which must meet three essential criteria: electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. Currently, these properties are achieved through surface protection coatings based on cadmium passivated with hexavalent chromium (VI). However, since 2017, this solution has been deemed unacceptable in Europe due to evolving RoHS and REACH directives and regulations, given the severe toxicity of cadmium and hexavalent chromium to both the environment and human health.This thesis is part of a significant industrial collaboration involving seven partners focused on developing and producing coatings to replace cadmium passivated with chromium (VI). Among the various approaches explored, the most innovative and promising involves using sol-gel coatings made conductive through the incorporation of appropriate conductive fillers. The strategy entails implementing these coatings at the laboratory scale and subjecting them to rigorous industrial qualification tests on connector housings.This thesis aims to enhance understanding of how various stages in the development of coatings affect their properties related to electrical conduction, wear resistance, and anti-corrosion capabilities. Deposits applied to laboratory model specimens were studied at both macroscopic and microscopic scales to determine the optimal synthesis parameters. These parameters include sol-gel precursors, amount of water, maturation conditions, and deposition techniques, all of which are adjusted based on the physicochemical and structural properties of the resulting films. The influence of the type and quantity of conductive fillers, whether carbon-based or metallic, on properties such as electrical conduction, wear resistance, mechanical strength, and corrosion protection, was rigorously evaluated.Periodic comparisons were made between these study results and the outcomes of qualification tests conducted on industrially complex connector housings coated with the same formulations. This allowed the identification of challenges to overcome in achieving the necessary properties of electrical conduction, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. These efforts also provide development prospects for the future of this technology in the connector industry
Alzina, Camille. "Nouvelles formulations industrielles à base de résine époxyde pour la fabrication de composites et de nanocomposites." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4074.
Повний текст джерелаPolymeric materials are mostly of composite materials ie they are composed in majority with a phase called matrix which was amended by adding a filler which is most often mineral. The reduction in size of the fillers can lead to new physical and chemical properties and to many potential applications. During this work in collaboration with the company SICOMIN Composites, thermosetting epoxy-amine system was studied with various nanofillers (clays, nanosilica, carbon nanotubes and block copolymers) in order to improve the mechanical properties of this system and to research new properties. In addition, a study on the reactivity of an epoxy-amine model system (DGEBA/mPDA) was conducted to study the secondary reactions involved in the crosslinking with an original kinetic method, the advanced isoconversional method. A study of this system at different ratios DGEBA/mPDA showed that stoichiometric proportions are not the most appropriate. In order to understand the complex physical-chemical phenomena and to optimize the properties of nanocomposite materials containing organophilic montmorillonites or silica nanoparticles, several studies were conducted and they highlighted some new fundamental aspects of the reactivity of these systems and they underlined the importance of the interaction nanofiller/matrix and of the dispersion of nanofillers
Sayah, Simon. "Impact de la formulation d'électrolytes sur les performances d'une électrode négative nanocomposite silicium-étain pour batteries Li-ion." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4025/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on new electrolytes and additives in order to improve the cyclability of a Si0.32Ni0.14Sn0.17Al0.04C0.35 negative composite electrode (Si-Sn) and to obtain a stable electrolyte|electrolyte interface. Indeed, like most silicon-based materials, this high-capacity Si-Sn composite (over 600 mA.hg-1) currently suffers from a short cycle life due to volume expansion during charge-discharge processes leading to the degradation of the SEI. To improve the quality of the interface, two kinds of electrolytes were evaluated: (i) mixtures of alkyl carbonates EC/PC/3DMC in which a lithium salt (LiPF6, LiTFSI, LiFSI or LiDFOB) and additives like SEI builder (vinylene carbonate (VC) or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)) were added, (ii) ionic liquids (IL) based on quaternary ammonium (N1114+), imidazolium (EMI+) or pyrrolidinium (PYR+) cation, associated with delocalized charge anions such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) or bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-). The Walden diagram confirms the efficient dissociation of LiFSI and LiPF6 in EC/PC/3DM ensuring ionic conductivities as high as 12 mS.cm-1. Although possessing limited transport properties in such a ternary mixture compared to other salts, LiDFOB forms, without additional additives, an high quality SEI allowing the composite to provide the best performances in half cells (560 mA.hg-1 and 98.4% coulombic efficiency). The use of additive is however necessary to reach the objectives fixed by the ANR research project in terms of coulombic efficiency (>99.5%). In this case, the addition of 2%VC+10%FEC to the ternary mixture is the most interesting composition with LiPF6 as lithium salt. So, the Si-Sn nanocomposite material reaches 550 mA.h.g-1 during 100 cycles at C/5 with 99.8% efficiency. In IL, the best performances are achieved in [EMI][FSI]/LiFSI (1 mol.L-1). The performances of the Si-Sn composite reaches 635 mA.h.g-1 for 100 cycles at C/5 with coulombic efficiency close to 100%, without additives. This electrolyte formulation generates a stable SEI which the mainly mineral composition, is predominantly derived from the reduction products of FSI-
Rocco, Frédéric. "Matériaux nanocomposites pour l'optique." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13494.
Повний текст джерелаNanotools show confinement effects and high interactions from their surface. They are th support of new optical properties like photoemission, absorption or non linear optical emission The modification of intrinsic effects depends of the environment and the coupling wit nonmaterials. The aim of this work is to synthesize nanocomposite materials (mixing two differen types of materials) for optics in order to analyse linear and non linear optical properties : Metal Phosphorus Ag / Ag x+ , semi-conductor / métal (CdS / Ag )
Ciocan, Cristina Elena. "Matériaux lamellaires nanocomposites : synthèse et applications." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENCM0008.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was the optimization of the synthesis and catalytic performances of nanocomposites materials containing W and Mo in the oxidation with H2O2 of a wide range of model organic compounds. The work achieved during this thesis is the development of new heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation reaction who is carried out selectively in homogeneous catalytic systems, heterogeneous catalysis is still much more promising in future. The oxidation reaction of sulfur compounds has great interest, especially in the removal of organic sulfur compounds (thiophene, sulfide) contained in fuels and petroleum fractions, performed in mild conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of H2O2. In this study were as follows : 1. elaboration of materials : a) preparation of precursors of type hydrotalcites (HDL) based on Mg-Al-NO3, Mg-Al-Ni-terephthalate and Mg-Al-NO3. b) preparation of hybrid materials by intercalation species of Mo and W by two synthetic routes : reaction of anion-exchange and hydrothermal synthesis. 2. characterization of the structure, texture and nature of catalytic sites by different techniques : XRD, nitrogen adsorption, TGA, Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis, SEM, etc. 3. application of these catalysts in the reaction of oxidation of sulfur compounds (sulfides, thiophenes, sulfoxides), epoxidation of cyclooctene and oxidation of anthracene. The catalysts were stable under operating conditions
Binette, Marie-Josée. "Nouveaux matériaux nanocomposites dérivés des polysilicates lamellaires." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/NQ57021.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGiordano, Fabrice. "Sur des nanocomposites à base de matériaux naturels." CDhambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS010.
Повний текст джерелаLn this study, we synthesize a DGEBA- TETA epoxy system incorporating three different kinds of natural resources in order to improve some properties of pristine polymer. It has been found that introducing epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), toughens epoxy resin against shock due to its role as a diluant and plasticiser. Homogeneous distribution of elastomer nodule sizes through the phase separation effect leads to an increase in resistance to deformation and crack initiation in the epoxy resin. The lack of residual miscibility between DGEBA and ESO at the phase separation point is an interesting phenomenon, since it makes ESO an attractive product in polymer blends. The second part of this work deals with the modification of two montmorillonite smectite clays, a commercial one called N757, and another one extracted from quarries in the Vietnamese province of Lâm Dông, in order to make them exploitable for nanocomposite applications. The Montmorillonite surface modification technique used is a novel treatment by intercalation of the curing agent TETA which is based on the electrostatic interaction between the original exchangeable montmorillonite cations and TETA. The efficiency of surface modification with TETA is confirmed by the formation of an intermediate exfoliated state in the final nanocomposite. The third part of the thesis focuses on bacterial cellulose, a natural material made of a nanometric fibrillar network. To reduce the hydrophilic nature of cellulose surfaces, a novel chemical grafting process, described as a "chromatogenic chemistry" method, is carried out to provide stronger interfacial adhesion with the polymer. The Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) method has been used to show the efficiency of this method in the case of aged samples
Beigbeder, Alexandre. "Élaboration et caractérisation de matériaux nanocomposites à matrice polysiloxane." Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS048.
Повний текст джерелаKameneva, Olga. "Matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques photochromes." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132028.
Повний текст джерелаDutheil, de la Rochère Aliénor. "Matériaux nanocomposites sur supports céramiques pour l'assainissement de l'air intérieur." Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAL0011.
Повний текст джерелаIn developed countries, people spend more than 85% of their time in enclosed areas. Yet, air can carry pathogenic microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Legionella pneumophila. In this context, the microbiologic quality of indoor air is an issue of common interest. Air treatment technologies for the microbial disinfection of indoor air do exist. However, most of them need external energy inputs and some do produce harmful compounds (nanoscale powders, ozone) when used. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to develop new antimicrobial materials for the disinfection of indoor air. These materials shall not need any energetic assistance and shall not release harmful compounds. To achieve this goal, this thesis focused on functionalizing the surface of macroscopic alumina beads. Several active compounds have been studied: manganese dioxide for its oxidizing properties, zinc oxide for its crystalline structure allowing the synthesis of nanoscale blades for the mechanical disruption of microorganisms and silver for its well-known antimicrobial ability. To assess the germicidal properties of these new materials, new test units have been designed. In particular, this thesis explored the use of tests units working in dynamic conditions with ambient air to evaluate the germicidal ability of materials in lifelike conditions
Preda, Ioana. "Modélisation et caractérisation des matériaux nanocomposites par des méthodes diélectriques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20013/document.
Повний текст джерела“There's plenty of room of the bottom!” said Richard Feynman in his talk on top-down nanotechnology in 1959, bringing into the spot light a new world of science and technology ! The idea of using nanoparticles in order to improve the dielectric properties of the polymers that were already in use attracted the interest of researchers for the last two decades. Nanofillers such as silica, alumina, titania etc, but also larger particles such as clays or carbon nanotubes were mixed with the “classic” polymers in order to improve the properties of polyethylene, epoxy resins, polypropylene etc. Since nowadays the energy conversion efficiency of electrical generators is restricted by thermal and electrical issues, these limitations can be related to the electrical insulator tapes themselves. Thus, innovative insulating tapes based on nanostructured material scenarios to address the energy saving concern are intended and the purpose of this work is to investigate these innovative materials and to compare their properties with those of the materials already in use, in order to help choosing the best composite material for the future tapes.This works begins with a state of the art regarding the properties of epoxy polymers. Their chemical, thermal and dielectric properties are presented. Afterwards, the chosen fillers and their specific properties are presented. The influence of the chosen fillers as well as different steps of the nanocomposite materials manufacturing process are presented and the discussion ends with a debate on the phenomena appearing at the nanometric scale and their possible influence on the properties of the finite composite material .Different materials groups of epoxy based composites filled with nanometric silica, organoclay or boron nitride are analyzed afterwards. In order to characterize and interpret their properties, several tools were used: imaging microscopy, thermal characterization as well as high and low electric field investigation methods. A debate trying to distinguish between so called “general” or “specific” behavior of the composite materials with respect to the normal, unfilled polymer is also presented. The influence of the type of filler, its treatment or its weight total percentage will be are chosen as comparison criteria. Finally, a numerical model based on Finite Element Method approximation was used in order to predict the dielectric response of the composite materials as well as the specific parameters (size, permittivity) of the interphase, the magic “ingredient” of the matrix-filler mix. The presented model allowed us to give a connection between the different materials and validate the experimentally obtained results. This manuscript ends with conclusions on the presented work and suggests possible future works in the complex analysis of polymer nanocomposites
Tissier, Nicolas. "Élaboration de matériaux nanocomposites inorganique / organique par polymérisation en émulsion." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10156.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the elaboration of film forming nanocomposite latexes containing silica and cerium dioxide particles via emulsion polymerization. First, copolymerizable groups were introduced onto the surface of the mineral particles through chemical grafting of -methacryloxy propyltrimethoxysilane for silica or via the use of complexing carboxylated or organophosphorus monomers or macromonomers for cerium dioxide. The grafting was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and solid state NMR and quantified through elemental analysis. The functionalized nanoparticules were then used as seeds in emulsion polymerization reactions. Attention was focused on the colloidal stability of the latexes. Colloidal stability appeared to be strongly dependent of the initial stability of the grafted inorganic colloidal suspension in water. The morphology of the nanocomposite latex particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and correlated with the surface modification and experimental polymerization conditions. Finally, in case of silica, films have been elaborated from the nanocomposite latexes and their mechanical properties have been evaluated and interpreted in view of the characteristics of the composite particles
Capsal, Jean-Fabien. "Elaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites hybrides ferroélectriques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/835/.
Повний текст джерелаThe piezoelectric activity of a hybrid ferroelectric nanocomposite, i. E. Polyamide 11/ Barium Titanate (BT), has been investigated for different loadings of BT particles. The BT volume fraction (phi) was ranging from 0. 024 to 0. 4 with a particle size of 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm and 700 nm. The influence of polarization mode on the piezoelectric behaviour has been studied. The magnitude of the poling field used in this study is in the same order of magnitude of the one used for bulk BT i. E. Significantly lower than for piezoelectric polymers. The optimum piezoelectric coefficient is reached when the amorphous phase of the polymeric matrix is in the liquid state i. E. ; for a polarization temperature higher than the glass transition and for time constant allowing macromolecular mobility. The composite piezoelectric activity decreases for particles size lower than 300 nm due to the loss of the tetragonal phase. The nanotexture of these particles has been investigated by TEM and HRTEM. A core shell structure has been observed. An increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 with the raising of BT volume fraction was shown. Contrary to inorganic piezoelectric ceramics, the dielectric permittivity of hybrid composites remains moderate although the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of composites is bigger than ceramics
Prokhorenko, Sergei. "Multiscale modeling of multiferroic nanocomposites." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0045/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring past decades, the search for new nanostructured multiferroic materials with optimized properties has lead to the development of a vast variety of theoretical models and simulation approaches. Spreading from first principles based models able to describe zero-temperature properties of artificial single crystal compounds to phenomenological approximations for composites with mesoscale morphology, these investigations have raised the fundamental question of how the geometry of the structure affects the properties of phase transitions exhibited by heterogeneous systems. However, despite significant progress, the answer to this question still lacks clarity and the bridge connecting models at different scales is not fully constructed. The current study is devoted to linking together models of multiferroic nanocomposite materials applicable at different scales. First, we present a methodological development of effective Hamiltonian approach commonly used to study structural phase transitions. The introduced modifications allow to extend this widely used method to predict finite-temperature properties of compositionally heterogeneous systems. The constructed model is then used to study properties of (BiFeO3)(BaTiO3) nanostructures and solid-solutions. Resorting to Monte-Carlo simulations, we show that our model provides results that are in-line with recent experimental observations and allows to theoretically predict properties of a wide range of systems with different composite geometries. The second part of the study consists inapplication of Landau theory of phase transitions to investigate the properties of ferroelectric-ferromagnetic multilayerswith epitaxial interfaces. Specifically, we theoretically describe the strain-mediated direct ME effect exhibited byfree-standing Pb(Zr0.5 Ti0.5 )O3 -FeGaB and BaTiO3 -FeGaB heterostructures. Finally, we show that the multilayer geometry of a ferroelectric-ferromagnetic nanocomposite opens the way for a drastic enhancement of the output charge signal
Mahi, Hassanabadi Hojjat. "Relations between microstructural development and rheological properties in polymer nanocomposites." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30345/30345.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this thesis is to understand the relations between microstructure and rheological properties of polymer nano-composites based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The first part of the study is related to EVA-nano crystalline cellulose (NCC) composites. As a first step, determination of the unknown structure of the samples using rheological methods was investigated. By analyzing the properties obtained under shear and extensional deformations, the mechanisms leading to polymer reinforcement were investigated in details. In the second part, nano-composites containing isometric (CaCO3) and anisometric (clay) particles were used. The focus here was to determine the effect of structural variables such as polymer-particle and particle-particle interactions, state of dispersion, and in particular particle shape on the final properties of these nano-composites. The mechanisms involving these parameters were investigated through rheological properties and discussed with respect to experimental data. Predictions via the molecular stress function (MSF) model are also presented. It was found that higher particle anisomety led to greater polymer-particle and particle-particle interactions. Therefore, the effect of clay was much higher than CaCO3 on almost all the rheological parameters studied. But, lower predictability was found around the percolation concentration. Consequently, while a model based on chain dynamics could predict the behavior below percolation, such model failed to predict the response at higher concentrations. For percolated systems, models based on fractal networks, which include particle-particle interactions, were used.
Palmero, Paola. "Développement de nanocomposites céramiques à base d'oxydes par sol-gel." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0001/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of the work is the production of ceramic nanocomposites. The experimental work was performed on the composite system Al2O3/Y3Al5O12 (YAG). In a first time, the powder syntheses parameters have been optimized and the pure phases were differently characterised. The pure YAG phase was deeply investigated and the effect of the synthesis temperature on the phases evolution and on the final product homogeneity was studied. In addition, the crystallisation kinetic was investigated for this material. Secondly, the sintering behaviour of the composite material was studied with the result of the production of a highly homogeneous material with a mean grain size of 1 micron. After thermal and mechanical pre-treatments, it was possible to significantly decrease the sintering temperature with the results of the production of fully dense material having nanosized final phases (mean grain size of 300 nm)
Ballestero, Anthony. "Elaboration de matériaux à base de carbure de silicium et à porosité contrôlée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT192/document.
Повний текст джерелаPreceramic polymers have been proposed in the late fifty’s as non-oxide silicon based ceramic precursors generally called PDCs for “Polymer Derived Ceramics”. Compared to traditional synthesis ways, the PDCs route can offer many advantages in terms of compositions, structures and textures of ceramics. Due to its intrinsic properties (thermal, chemical and mechanical resistance, semi-conductor behavior,...), silicon carbide (SiC) and their derivatives with nitrogen (silicon carbonitride, SiCN) can be considered as one of the best materials for the next generation of ceramic based membranes, in particular in the hydrogen production processes (from CO2, CH4 or through the water gas shift reaction for example). By investigating the PDCs route, a hydrophobic and amorphous SiC material suitable for hydrogen separation process exhibiting good permeability/selectivity ratio, high thermal mechanical and chemical resistance coupled with a good stability under wet atmosphere up to 500°C can be proposed. However, the use of preceramic polymrers induces an important dimensional modification during the pyrolysis allowing the conversion from polymer to ceramic. Residual stresses caused by the volume shrinkage leads to the formation of cracks or even collapses of the structure of shaped preceramic polymers. This study is focused on the elaboration of SiC based macroporous substrates or microcellular foams, mesoporous and microporous coatings in the aim to propose a SiC based material showing a hierarchized porosity dedicated to gaseous separation applications. The AllylHydridoPolycarbosilane (AHPCS) is used as SiC precursor. After the chapters I and II, respectively dedicated to a literature review and the materials and methods used, two strategies are enforced in the chapters III and IV to generate these materials with a better control of the polymer dimensional change. In the first strategy (chapter III), passive (nanodiamonds) and active (boron particles) fillers are introduced in the AHPCS to generate some formulations with different fillers proportions and opposing to the volume shrinkage of the polymer during the pyrolysis and create composite materials. In the second strategy (chapter IV), a single molecular source approach consisting of the introduction of boron at the molecular state in the AHPCS is proposed. This introduction of boron leads to increase the ceramic yield and to reduce the mass loss of the modified AHPCS during the pyrolysis. In the chapters III and IV, monolithic dense structures are developed to better understand the dimensional change occurring during the pyrolysis. Synthetized and selected formulations and polymers will serve as precursors for macroporous, mesoporous and microporous materials in the chapter V
Kikouama, Odilon. "Propriétés physico-chimiques d'associations matériaux argileux - oligoéléments : formulation et propectives prophylactiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114815.
Повний текст джерелаClay is natural raw material essentially composed of clayey minerals and which can contain some trace elements likely to participate in the treatment of some affections. The mineralogical composition of seven clay samples taken in Côte d'Ivoire, Guinée, Sénégal, has been determined by several methods of analysis (DRX,FT-IR, ATD, ATG, DSC, ICP). The predominant mineral is kaolinite (Si2Al2O5(OH)4; 47 to 72% in mass). The microbiological control of three among them indicates that they don't present any risk in accordance with the microbiological requirements specified in the monograph of the pharmacopeia european (5. 05). The kinetic study of the release of some trave elements (Cu2+, Zn2+: ICP; Fe2+, Fe3+: spectrophotometry) and of the essential elements (Ca2+, Mg2+: Ionic chromatography) in physico-chemically simulated physiological mediums (MPS: "Mouth, stomach, intestine"; pH, T°, electrolyte) shows that this one is fast (approximately 15min) and is done preferentially in the stomach medium because of its acidity. This release is also done because to the presence of the Na+ ion in the MPS, which replaces the various cations because of the proximity of their ionic rays. We conceived pellets (by extrusion-spheronization) floating in the gastric medium from one of the studied varieties, of polymeric (HPMC, PVP, Eudragit® 30 D) and minerals binders (NaHCO3, Talc). The results obtained show that the pellets have a time of buoyancy of 5 and quantitatively improve the release of the trace elements: Fe2+ (95%), Fe3+ (70%), Zn2+ (60%) versus 40% of Fe2+ and Zn2+; 30% of Fe3+ for the raw clay
Loiseau, Anthony. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites modèles laponite/polyoxyde d'éthylène." Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1026.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis aim of this thesis is to elaborate and characterize model nanocomposites based on Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) and particles of Laponite, a synthetic clay. The elaboration brought in a new mode of preparation, based on a compatibilisation of the particles in aqueous phase, before melt mixing. Rheological studies as well as X-ray analyses have shown the efficiency of the compatibilisation concept. The best dispersion (up to individual particles) was obtained with a saturated coverage of end grafted polymer chains onto the surface of the Laponite particles. The origin of the melt elasticity has been attributed to various factors depending on the molecular weight of the matrix chains. For moderated molecular weights, the elastic character is ascribed to the formation of a network of dispersed particles, whereas contributions of chain confinement or chain bridging between particles are present with higher molecular weight matrices. Thermal analyses were performed in order to understand the effect of the Laponite particles on the crystallization of PEO chains. A non-nucleating behavior was concluded, and was proved by spectroscopic analyses (FTIR and Raman). Indeed, a layer of amorphous polymer was detected onto over the surface of the particles explaining the inhibition of the nucleating effect, often seen with nanoclays
Christmann, Anne. "Elaboration et propriétés de nanocomposites transparents à matrice polycarbonate." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20126.
Повний текст джерелаMoraes, Isabelle Gomes de. "Nanofabrication de nanocomposites magnétiques dur-doux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY042.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the development and characterization of model samples for the study of hard-soft magnetic nanocomposites. These materials are of great interest, considering their potential applications as high performance magnets. However, even with this great potential, the properties of hard-soft nanocomposites reported in the literature are modest compared to those predicted by micromagnetic models. In this work, we use advanced nanofabrication and characterization tools to develop model samples, capable of bridging the understanding between models and experiments. Four different arrays with elongated soft magnetic nano-rods (FeCo or Co) (thickness = 10 nm) were produced by e-beam lithography and evaporation. To study the influence of the content and the dimensions of the nano-rods, the width (w) was varied between 25 and 120 nm, the length (l) between 200 and 400 nm and the inter-rod distance (d) between 50 and 200 nm. The volume content of the soft phase ranged from 2 to 11%. All the nano-rods were capped with a 3 nm layer of Au in order to prevent oxidation during sample transfer from the lithography to the deposition chambers. The Au layer was etched in the sputtering chamber just prior to deposition of the hard magnetic layer (FePt- 25 or 50 nm) on top of the nano-rods. A second lithography step was developed to limit the location of the hard magnetic phase to where the nano-rods arrays are positioned. A unit piece of the nanocomposite has a surface area of roughly 5x5 µm2, and the unit was repeated to have an overall sample surface area of a few mm2 , to have sufficient magnetic signal for global magnetometry measurements. A post-annealing process promotes the formation of the L10 FePt hard magnetic phase. The higher the volume content of nano-rods, the lower the coercivity and the higher the remanence. First Order Reversal Curves (FORC) were obtained for the samples with comparable volume content of soft magnetic phase, but with different nano-rod size. Although the samples have similar hysteresis cycles, the FORC diagrams show that the switching field distributions are quite distinct. The sample with nano-rod width = 120 nm shows switching fields extending up to 250 mT and a single peak around µ0HC = 0 T, while the sample with nano-rod width = 25 nm has two peaks in switching field, centred at µ0HC = 0 T and µ0HC = 500 mT. Fabrication and analysis of a reference sample with Pt non-magnetic nano-rods indicates no influence of the overall sample topography on the hard matrix properties. TEM imaging and chemical mapping of FIB-prepared cross sections revealed Kirkendall-like diffusion in the nanocomposites with the smallest nano-rods. An MFM study which involved probing the same nanocomposite unit in different remnant states, was carried out on nanocomposites arrays (hard/soft and hard/non-magnetic) and a micro-patterned hard film (.i.e. no nano-rods). The experimental setup included a homemade in-situ in-plane pulsed magnetic field source. The evolution in magnetic patterns was correlated with the stray fields produced by the hard magnetic matrix and the embedded nano-rods. The results obtained with global (hysteresis loops and FORC) and local (MFM) magnetic characterization methods, combined with detailed structural characterization obtained by TEM, made it possible to analyze the impact of dimensions, periodicity, concentration, and the constituent material of the nano-rods embedded in the hard magnetic matrix. A trade-off between reducing the dimensions of the soft phase to favour exchange coupling and increasing them to minimize diffusion during annealing to form the hard phase formation, is a bottleneck for the development of these model materials
Haddi, Abdelkader. "Formulation tridimensionnelle d'un critère de propagation de fissure dans les matériaux inhomogènes." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10049.
Повний текст джерелаSadasivuni, Kishor Kumar. "Development of high performance Poly (isobutylene-co isoprene) nanocomposites for mechanical, sensing and barrier applications." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS271.
Повний текст джерелаElastomer Nanocomposites have a superior role in realizing the new generation smart materials. Because of the high modulus, durability, deformation extensibility and resilience required for technological applications, elastomers are reinforced with various kinds of macro, micro and nanofillers. Among these, nano fillers have attained wider attention due to their high aspect ratio, immense surface area and superior mechanical, electrical and gas barrier properties. The present thesis focus mainly on the fillers such as carbon Nanotubes, expanded graphite, graphene and clay reinforced poly (isobutylene-co-isoprene) rubber (IIR) composites with the aim of their applicability in fundamental research and technological fields. The usually faced problems of dispersion and interfacial interaction between the fillers and polymer during composite fabrication are addressed by studying the molecular level interactions taking place inside the material. For this dynamic measurements like stress relaxation, hysteresis, Payne Effect, and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry are used. When the graphene composite is applicable in making impermeable IIR membranes, CNT filled materials are fund to be useful as good sensing and dielectrics. Grafting of the chains with maleic anhydride enhances the interfacial interactions between clay and rubber chains and improves the mechanical properties. Finally this manuscript brings out tentative correlations between chain cooperative mobility in IIR nanocomposites and mechanical reinforcement
Tarablsi, Bassam. "Elaboration de nanocomposites photopolymères à base d’oxyde de fer et d’argile." Mulhouse, 2008. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/elaboration-de-nanocomposites-photopolymeres-a-base-doxyde-de-fer-et-dargile/BUS4168193.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, nanocomposites of photopolymer-oxide and photopolymer-oxide-MMT (oxide: nanoparticles of yFe2O3, MMT: montmorillonite) were prepared by photochemical procedure. Conceming the first on (photopolymer-oxide), the maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized according to the process described by Massart. The compatibility of these particles with the polymeric matrix was obtained by immobilization of MPDMS at their surface using a thermic procedure. Conceming the second one, the mixture of different nanofillers (nanofillers mixture yFe2O3-MMT) were prepared by a new method based on the ion exchange reaction and different chemical and thermal treatments. The incorporation of both nanofillers in the diacrylate photopolymeric matrix was studied and optimized. A kinetic study of the photopolymerization reaction in presence of both nanofillers was also performed by FTIR spectroscopy. The addition of both nanofillers did not effect significantly the polymerization kinetics in thin films (10µm) at nanofillers concentration up to 2 wt%. It was found that nanocomposites had a came photopolymerization rates in comparison with pure diacrylate. The experimental results showed that photopolymer-oxide-MMT nanocomposite can improve by 66% the mechanical properties (E')
Gaume, Julien. "Etude du photovieillissement de matériaux nanocomposites pour l'encapsulation de cellules solaires organiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22173.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was devoted to the study of the photochemical behavior of polymer / clay nanocomposites with the aim to use these nanocomposites in a multilayer organic / inorganic coating for organic solar cells encapsulation. The goal of this work was to obtain polymer / clay nanocomposite films that are flexible, transparent, which can be processed by solution, and that are photochemically stable. In the first part, the characterization of nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has shown their ability to be inserted into a multilayer system, particularly for gas barrier properties. The study of the photochemical behavior of PVA with the identification of photodegradation products allows us to propose a photooxidation mechanism of PVA and to determine the effects of photoageing on the film properties (roughness, permeability, transparency). The insertion of lamellar nanofillers (Montmorillonite, Laponite or Layered Double Hydroxide) in PVA induces different effects (prodegradant or stabilising) depending on the nature of the clay (natural or synthetic). However, in absence of oxygen, the PVA and PVA / clay nanocomposites are very photostable. Finally, encapsulation alternating inorganic SiOx layer and PVA or PVA / clay nanocomposite layer permits to obtain the permeability levels required for organic solar cells in niche markets (consumer electronics)
Ezziane, Mohammed. "Formulation et tenue au feu des matériaux cimentaires renforcés de fibres de différentes natures." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0020.
Повний текст джерелаAt room temperature, the addition of steel fibres in mortar conducts to an increase of mechanical strength and ductility. Exposed to high temperatures, a cement based material undergoes deterioration to a greater or lesser extent. Heat induces various changes of material properties; in particular changes to the micro-structure which are accompanied by loss of strength and mass. The aim our study is an experimental contribution about behaviour under extreme conditions in terms of temperature (e. G. Fire), of mortar reinforced by different fibres: steel fibres, polypropylene fibres and a hybrid fibre combination (½ steel fibres + ½ polypropylene fibres). Three types of standard mortar were studied, formulated with three different binders: CEM I, CEM I + SF and CEM III. Two types of cure were used: a dry cure and a wet cure. For the mortars with fibre addition, the fibre content was 0. 58% by volume. The exposure temperatures were set at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 1000°C. The rate of temperature increase was set at 2°C/min and 5°C/min. The mechanical properties (flexure strength, Young modulus, cracking energy, stress intensity factor, toughness factor, compression strength) were analysed before and after heating. A specific test using propane flame was defined. The rate of temperature increase is very elevated; the exposed face rapidly reaches a temperature of 1000°C. Samples were equipped with thermocouples to measure the temperature changes within the sample at different depths. Subsequently, to enable a comparison between the mechanical strength of samples a punching shear strength test was performed. A non-destructive characterisation of all mortars before and after heating was conducted: water capillarity absorption, interconnected porosity, helium permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, ultrasonic attenuation. Finally, our experimental study proposes a mortar formulation giving a good behaviour under severe temperatures and giving better residual mechanical properties
Schittecatte, Laura. "Résines photopolymérisables acrylates et nanocomposites pour impression 3D : lien entre formulation, procédé, déformation et rupture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF037.
Повний текст джерела3D printing by photopolymerization is a recent additive manufacturing technique, increasingly used in aeronautics, engineering and the medical field. However, the mechanical characterization of these new materials is complex and still incomplete. The aim of this work is to understand the relationships between the chemical composition of the resin, 3D printing parameters, post-processing protocols, and the mechanical properties of the final material in terms of deformation and fracture. To achieve this, acrylate resins were first formulated and then studied. We demonstrated that the choice of viscous monomers with a gel point at a low conversion rate, favors the fixation of weakly polymerized layers and a better control of the final object's geometry. Silica nanoparticles were incorporated into the resin to produce more resistant composites. We have demonstrated via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that for the same type of nanoparticle, the surface chemistry, dispersion medium and incorporation method, strongly affect the viscosity of the resin and its reactivity. More specifically, hydrophilic colloidal nanoparticles incorporated by solvent transfer into the resin, generate fractal aggregates. This increases the viscosity, even with relatively small filler content, and limits the elimination of weakly polymerized layers during printing. Therefore, printing times can be significantly reduced. The (visco)elastic properties and fracture stress of the 3D printed materials obtained were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile testing, respectively. In both cases, a new protocol has been developed to adapt these tests to 3D-printed materials and assess the influence of different parameters. The DMA study demonstrated the importance of a light-off delay and thermal post-treatment after printing, which when combined, significantly reduce the dispersion of results. Finally, we have proposed a new test geometry, which parallelizes data collection and accelerates characterization of the stress at break via Weibull analysis. With this method, we highlighted the intrinsic variability due to 3D printing process and proved the importance of thermal post-treatment. We also showed that the choice of monomer is crucial and has a significant influence not only on the storage modulus E', but also on the variability of stress at break. On the contrary, the addition of silica nanoparticles does not significantly modify neither the E' value, nor the stress at break for the low filler contents studied, whatever the state of dispersion. This study, which extends from the chemical formulation of the resin to the fracture characterization of the final material, paves the way for a better understanding of the complex multi-scale structure of 3D printed materials and their mechanical properties
Martinez, Thomas. "Revêtements photocatalytiques pour matériaux de construction : formulation, évaluation de l'efficacité et écotoxicité." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2024/.
Повний текст джерелаPhotocatalysis shows great potential in the treatment of organic pollution, in gaseous or aqueous phases. Generally, ultrafine TiO2 particles are used for their photocatalytic performance but also for their superhydrophilicity under UV irradiation. These properties are responsible for the depolluting and self-cleaning functions of the resulting product. The aim of this PhD work is to use building materials as air purifiers and to limit levels of biofouling. For this purpose, the photocatalyst is implemented in a glaze. This type of product was chosen for its architectural interest: it allows existing surfaces to be treated while preserving their original appearance. In addition, because photocatalysis is a surface phenomenon, solutions such as coatings are particularly interesting since they can be applied to existing buildings and, at the same time, result in lower TiO2 consumption The coating was formulated using components free of organic solvents to reduce the toxicity of the final product. The stability and homogeneity of the glaze were verified in its storage conditions and the adhesion of the coating obtained was evaluated by abrasion tests. The photocatalytic properties were studied against several pollutants representative of air pollution: nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a mixture of VOCs (BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes). Biological growth was assessed on the algae Chlorella (algal species often found in the microbiological composition of soil facades). In order to investigate the possible toxicity of the formulation, the VOC emissions from the glaze and the toxic and genotoxic impact of release into the aquatic environment were assessed. An experimental set-up was developed in order to study the influence of photocatalytic material (formulation and substrate) and operating conditions (humidity, pollutant initial concentration, contact time between the gas and the photocatalytic surface) on the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs and NOx. The results showed that the performance depended on the humidity of the air, the initial concentration of pollutants and also the nature of the substrate coated. In addition, the durability evaluation of the glaze applied to mortar surfaces showed that the performance of NOx abatement was slightly impacted by the application of abrasion cycles (ISO 11998 and ASTM D2486). Biological growth assays were conducted using two devices to simulate different environmental conditions: a flow of water on inclined surfaces and humidification by capillarity. Whatever the experimental conditions, no inhibition of biofouling could be attributed to the phenomenon of photocatalysis. These observations support some literature results showing that biological development is not influenced by the presence of a photocatalyst, while the depolluting properties of the material have been validated on other compounds. However, in our tests, a slowdown in biological development could be observed using a water-repellent surface, another type of self-cleaning surface. The product toxicity assessment by measurement of VOCs in air showed that compounds characteristic of the composition of the glaze could be detected whatever the lighting conditions. In addition, the ecotoxicity assessment identified a concentration of the glaze beyond which growth inhibition in Xenopus larvae could be measured. However, these studies did not demonstrate genotoxicity in the organisms tested
Chausson, Sophie. "Synthèse et utilisation de matériaux hybrides lamellaires pour l'élaboration et la caractérisation de nanocomposites polymères." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2047.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to elaborate original lamellar hybrid materials and disperse them in a polymer matrix to obtain nanocomposites. They have been prepared using two different matrixes, one apolar (polyethylene) and one polar (polyamide-12). The two lamellar hybrid systems have been dispersed in these matrixes and studied as part of the hybrid nature. The first one, the lamellar oxide KTiNbO5, has been chemically modified with alkylamines having different carbon chain lengths in order to be compatible with the different polymer matrixes. The dispersion of such materials has allowed improving several properties like thermal stability, mechanical resistance and fire resistance. The second family studied is the copper alkylphosphonate one. They have been prepared with different alkyl chain lengths. The aim of this study is to prepare a hybrid material with a transition metal and to disperse it in the polymer matrixes. A deep structural study of the homologue series has revealed two types of compounds: hydrated for the short alkyl chains (number of carbon atoms≤10) and dehydrated for the alkyl chains with n≥10. These two structural types have shown different magnetic behaviours. Finally, the incorporation of these fillers in polyethylene and polyamide-12 has revealed that the chemical nature of the bond which links the organic part to the inorganic one of the hybrid does not allow obtaining an efficient exfoliation mechanism
Rashidi, Huyeh Majid. "Influence des effets thermiques sur la réponse optique de matériaux nanocomposites métal-diélectrique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066481.
Повний текст джерелаMa, Hongfeng. "Étude numérique de la micro et nano structuration laser de matériaux poreux nanocomposites." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES001.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is focused on numerical simulations of the laser interaction with porous materials. A possibility of well-controlled processing is particularly important for the laser based micro-structuring of porous glass and nano-machining of semiconducting porous materials in the presence of metallic nanoparticles. The self-consistent modeling is, therefore, focused on a detailed investigation of the involved processes. Particularly, to understand the periodic micro-void structures produced inside porous glass by femtosecond laser pulses, a detailed numerical thermodynamic analysis was performed. The calculation results show the possibility to control laser micro-machining in volume of SiO2 . Furthermore, the dimensions of laser-densified structures are examined for different focusing conditions at low pulse energies. The obtained characteristic dimensions of the structures correlate with the experimental results. Comparing to the porous glass, the mesoporous TiO2 films loaded by Ag ions and nanoparticles support localized plasmon resonances. The resulted nanocomposite films are capable to transfer free electrons and to resonantly absorb laser energy providing additional possibilities in controlling Ag nanoparticle size.To identify the optimum parameters of the continuous-wave laser, a multi-physical model considering Ag nanoparticle growth, photo-oxidation, reduction was developed. The performed simulations show that the laser writing speed controls the Ag nanoparticles size. The calculations also depicted a novel view that Ag nanoparticles grow ahead of the laser beam center due to the heat diffusion. The thermally activated fast growth followed by the photo-oxidation was found to be the main reason for the writing speed dependent sizechange and temperature rises. A three-dimensional model was developed and reproduced the laser written lines.Writing of mesoporous TiO2 films loaded with Ag nanoparticles by a pulsed laser is, furthermore, promising to provide additional possibilities in the generation of two kinds of nanostructures: laser induced periodic surface grooves (LIPSS) and Ag nanogratingsinside the TiO2 film. To better understand the effects of a pulsed laser, two multi-pulses models - one semi-analytic and another one based on a finite element method (FEM) are developed to simulate the Ag nanoparticle growth. The FEM model is shown to be precise because it better treats heat diffusion inside the TiO2 thin films. The model could be extended in future to understand the formation of LIPSS and Ag nanogratings in such media by coupling with nanoparticle migrations, surface melting and hydrodynamics. The obtained results provided new insights into laser micro-processing of porous material and better laser controlling over nanostructuring in porous semiconducting films loaded with metallic nanoparticles
Parein, Thibault. "Synthèse de nanocharges thermoélectriques, mise en œuvre et caractérisation de nanocomposites thermoélectriques." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2005.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work is to elaborate polymer/thermoelectric fillers composites, in order to help solving the weight, scarcity of the precursors and cost problems of thermoelectric massive materials. Firstly, polymer/bismuth telluride composites have been processed by a micro-extrusion and injection molding process, from micrometric particles. The possibility of obtaining conductive composites by this process has been demonstrated, nevertheless the percolation thresholds of the composites remain high. Secondly, in order to solve this problem, composites have been elaborated from immiscible co-continuous polymer blends. A significant reduction of the percolation threshold has been obtained, due to the selective localization of the fillers into one of the polymer phases. Finally, the elaboration of nanocomposites has also been investigated in order to lower the percolation threshold of the composites. A simple and low-cost synthesis procedure for thermoelectric bismuth telluride nanoparticles has been developed and polymer/bismuth telluride nanocomposites have been processed by micro-extrusion. The characterization of the elaborated nanocomposites has shown a dramatic decrease of the percolation threshold, allowing the limitation of the amount of particles used to get conductive composites, as their overall weight
Risse, Sophie. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux issus des agro-ressources. Applications en emballage souple." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS024.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis deals with the elaboration of flexible tubes for cosmetics, made from agro-resources. Nowadays, flexible tubes for cosmetic applications are made with PE for its good mechanical properties and its very low water vapor permeability. What can limit the development of polyesters made from agro-resources in the packaging area is precisely their bad water vapor barrier properties. Now incorporating nanoclays in a polymer matrix is one of the most promising techniques to decrease the permeability of the matrix.Then PLA/PBS/clay and PHA/PBS/clay were studied. Two organoclays, with two different organic modifiers, were used: the Dellite® 67G (D67G) and the Cloisite® 30B (Cl30B). The nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing in a laboratory scale twin screw extruder. XRD and rheological measurements indicated a mixed partial intercalated and exfoliated structure. The exfoliation level was shown to increase with Cl30B content but had an optimum using D67G. The Young's modulus increased when increasing clay content and the presence of residual large clay aggregates leads to brittle blends for the high clay content. Even if the incorporation of Cl30B enhances significantly the water vapor barrier properties of PLA/PBS and PHA/PLA blends (up to 50%), it could not yet concurrence PE. An accelerated ageing test (specific for PE tubes) on our tubes filled with cream showed very important weight loss (16%) compared to the PE tubes (<1%)
Ngo, Thi Thanh Van. "Elaboration de mousses nanocomposites polystyrène/silicates lamellaires en milieu supercritique." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0018/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPolystyrene foams reinforced by lamellar silicates were carried out in supercritical fluid. The supercritical fluid CO2 play a role of swelling agent. Three types of different lamellar silicates by their structure and their surface treatment were studied: a montmorillonite modified by the aromatic cations (noted MMT-benz) and a montmorillonite and a mica modified by the same ammonium cations with methacrylate function (noted MMT-MHAB and mica-MHAB). MMT-benz is compatible with the matrix polystyrene because the presence of benzyl group. The MMT-MHAB and the mica-MHAB are not only reactive silicates because the presence of the double bond, but also CO2-phile with of methacrylate groups in the clay galleries. The PS/silicates modified (5% wt. ) nanocomposites are prepared by three processes: i) by the melting way in a twin screw miniextruder; ii) by swelling of modified silicates in a polystyrene solution; iii) by in situ polymerization of styrene in emulsion. The in situ polymerization is the most suitable method to get a better dispersion. Some properties of nanocomposites are characterized like thermal and thermo-mechanical properties. By adjusting the foam processing conditions, by controlling the state of dispersion and the nature of lamellar silicates, morphologies of nanocomposite foams as the cells size, the cells density and the thickness of the skin are well taillored. We showed that the thermomechanical properties of nanocomposite foams are improved in the presence of the silicates
Sene, Saad. "Matériaux à base de benzoxaboroles : de la formulation dans des matrices biocompatibles aux études cellulaires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20200.
Повний текст джерелаBenzoxaboroles are cyclic derivatives of boronic acids, which have recently been developed as therapeutic agents. In this thesis, a fundamental study was carried out on the formulation of benzoxaboroles in materials, using the simplest benzoxaborole molecule and its fluorinated derivative, AN2690 (an antifungal agent approved by the FDA). The spectroscopic signatures of these molecules were first determined in the solid state, by looking at their acid form (using the crystallized molecules) and their basic form (using model materials based on benzoxaborolates), and this led to the establishment of the NMR parameters of each form of the molecules. A first formulation was then performed by association of benzoxaborolates with an inorganic material, a “layered double hydroxide” (Mg/Al-NO3 LDH). A loading capacity of ~ 30 wt% could be reached for this system and fast release kinetics were observed. However, the molecules were found to be sensitive to the basic character of the matrix. The resulting structure of these materials was also complex, due to the evolution from a normal mode of intercalation to a “staging” structure by dehydration of the interlamellar space. In a second formulation, the benzoxaboroles were incorporated at different loadings (up to 25 wt %), in a bioresorbable polymer, poly L lactic acid (PLLA), and shaped under the form of films and also fibers (which were obtained by electrospinning). Different release rates were achieved by varying the composition or the preparation conditions of the materials. Cellular assays investigating the migration of cancer cells and the inhibition of fungi showed a good correlation between these release rates and the cellular responses. Overall, this study allowed not only to increase the span of possible formulations of the benzoxaboroles, but also to highlight the issues related to their formulation in materials, due to the inherent reactivity of the benzaxoborole function
Khelifi, Hamid. "Matériaux argileux stabilisés au ciment et renforcés de fibres végétales : formulation pour extrusion." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS277.
Повний текст джерелаThe main aim of this thesis was to contribute to the study of the extrusion of cement-clay paste and the valorization of local materials in order to produce extruded building bricks. To do this, extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials (kaolin) have been designed. These mix designs comply with actual requirements concerning environmental impacts (use of a significant proportion of clay) and they may be used as building materials. Bio-based fibers (flax fibers) have been incorporated. As for any other type of inclusions, flax fibers modify the rheological behavior of material at fresh state. Furthermore, their hydrophilic character amplifies the changes and has required a specific study. The mechanical perform-ances of the tested mix design and the positive effect of extrusion process as well as the addi-tion of fiber have been characterized. Such as for concrete, the Féret relationship is shown to be able to predict the compressive strength assuming that kaolin acts as a high water demand aggregate. A model for stiff paste ram extrusion incorporating the filtration phenomenon and the frictional behavior of the granular packing has been developed. This model is based on the soil mechanics approach and is able to predict the transition between pure plastic behavior and frictional plastic behavior. Finally, the mechanical and thermal performances of the cho-sen eco-friendly mix designs have been compared to those of traditional building products (concrete blocks, concrete, clay bricks, AAC. . . ). Environmental impacts of these mix design have also been evaluated and compared. It appears from this study that the extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials comply with legislations concerning environmental impacts thermal comfort. They are also able to present an alternative to actual building products
Cottrino, Sandrine. "Origine et évolutions des défauts initiés par les granules d'atomisation dans les compacts céramiques : incidence de la formulation des dispersions." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0007/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD Thesis is a part of an European project on ceramic nanomaterials. The main objective is to elaborate by dry pressing of granulated nanoalumina powder green parts with a reduced population of critical defects. In order to reach this goal, the granules, obtained by ultrasonic spray-drying, must lose their identity during compaction. In a first step, a dispersion optimisation was conducted, allowing the use of solids fraction as high as 51 % vol. And the production of solid granules with a dense packing of primary particles. In a second part, the effect of granule destruction mode is studied. Products with and without binders are elaborated and storage at controlled hygrometry allows us to modify organic additives Tg at constant microstructure. Different granule destruction modes are obtained and characterised by classical methods (compaction diagram, mercury porosimetry, …). A new technique of in situ tomography was set up, allowing a quantification of the population of large defects in the green compact. Formulations with binder show strong and brittle organic interparticles bridging for high Tg, whereas weak and plastic bridging are obtained for low Tg. The former are little if any destroyed during compaction. The latter are plastically deformed for low pressures but produce larger defects at high compaction pressures. Finally, granules without binder, made up of weak and brittle interparticle bonding, are easily destroyed by fragmentation and produce green bodies with the smallest residual defects
Basov, Sergey. "Nouvelles approches pour le design de composites multiferroïques nanostructurés de type (1-3)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаMultiferroic materials including magnetoelectric materials that combine magnetic and ferroelectric orders have attracted great attention due to a possible strain-mediated coupling leading to potential applications in memories, sensors, detectors, spintronic and microwave devices. The number of single-phase multiferroic materials operating at room temperature being limited, we are exploring artificially designed multiferroic nanostructures consisting of ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic oxides. Current work is focused on strain-mediated magnetoelectric effect, which allows to generate a spontaneous polarization or magnetization by an applied magnetic field (direct ME effect) and electric field (converse ME effect) respectively. ME effects can be observed at room temperature through interface and strain interaction in two-phase multiferroic nanocomposites. The combination of piezoelectric materials PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT), Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BSTO), BaTiO3 (BTO) and magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 (CFO) materials have been intensively studied in multiferroic nanocomposites. The community has been able to demonstrate large magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature in epitaxial thin films, so called 2-2 connectivity system, but a key limitation in epitaxially grown thin films is a substrate imposed clamping effect limiting thin film’s strain. Designing innovative architectures is a challenge in the field of multiferroic nanocomposites. Our work is focused on vertically aligned multiferroic nanostructures, so called (1-3) connectivity nanocomposites, where one-dimensional ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 nanostructures (1) are embedded into three-dimensional PZT, BTO and BSTO layers (3). New routes were considered to design three kinds of materials: i) vertically aligned CFO nanowire arrays surrounded by PZT nanotubes embedded into alumina membranes; ii) vertically aligned CFO nanopillar arrays embedded in thin BTO, BSTO and PZT layers supported on Si substrates; ii) 3-D interconnected CFO nanowire networks embedded in a thick PZT matrix. The objectives of the present work are to control the oxidation of metallic CoFe2 nanowires and nanopillars to control the morphology and density of CFO nanostructures, to control the resistivity and dielectric losses of the nanocomposites at the interface region, and to increase the magnetoelectric coupling of the multiferroic nanocomposites by increasing the interfacial surface area between the two ferroic phases.The first geometry we are developing is a deposition by sol-gel dip impregnation of PZT nanotube arrays into self-supported porous alumina membranes, followed by an electrodeposition and thermal oxidation of CoFe2 nanowire arrays within PZT nanotubes. The second architecture we are focusing on is a deposition by RF magnetron sputtering of BSTO and BTO layers and by sol-gel dip coating of PZT layers onto vertically aligned CoFe2 and CoFe2O4 nanopillar arrays supported on Si substrates. The CoFe2 oxidation is conducted in-situ during the BSTO and BTO sputter deposition. Free-standing CoFe2 nanopillar arrays are obtained by electrodeposition into anodized alumina nanoporous structures and chemical dissolution of alumina templates. The last geometry is prepared using a combination of electrodeposition into self-supported porous polymer membranes and sol-gel processes. The PZT-CFO nanostructures are prepared using impregnation of thick PZT layers into self-supported CoFe2 3D nanowire networks on Si substrates by sol-gel method and their simultaneous oxidation during PZT layers crystallization. Specific attention was focused on interfaces through microstructural and morphological evaluations of nanocomposites using XRD, HRSEM, TEM and EDS characterizations. The performances of the nanocomposites were evaluated using magnetic, dielectric, ferroelectric and ME measurements, an alternating gradient magnetometer, impedance analyser, PFM and the ME susceptometer operated inside PPMS were utilized, respectively
Sansen, Pascal. "Formulation énergétique d'un critère de rupture locale d'un solide en thermoplasticité." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-81.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCampesi, Renato. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude des propriétés thermodynamiques d'hydrogénation de nanocomposites matériaux poreux / métaux-alliages." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461689.
Повний текст джерелаVo, Van Son. "Élaboration, caractérisation et simulation de nanocomposites argile-polymère : des nouveaux matériaux pour l'éco-conception." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1162/document.
Повний текст джерелаClay nanoparticles (CNP) are abundantly available low-cost natural resources with numerous positive attributes such as large surface area, impermeability to gas, superior mechanical and thermal properties so that they have attracted over the last three decades significant attention, notably for the reinforcement of polymer-based materials. However, CNP suffer from incompatibility, hence weak interfacial interactions and poor dispersion with/in most of organic polymeric materials because of their intrinsic hydrophilicity and strong interlayer interactions. This limitation is one of the major reasons why polymer nanocomposites have to date remained mainly in laboratories. Thus, one of the key challenges in developing clay-based polymer nanocomposites (PCNs) with advanced thermo-mechanical, gas barrier...properties relies on the control at the molecular level of the interface properties of clay nanoplatelets-filled polymer resins. Taking into account the criteria for sustainable development, civil engineering and green economy, we have developed, in the first part of this thesis, reactive and pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers that may be further incorporated in a diverse set of biopolymer matrices and giving rise to strong energy interactions with the said matrices for improved mechanical behavior. To ensure a closer fit of these specifications we have implemented green approaches for the preparation of these generic nanofillers, namely photopolymerisation was used as a low energy consumption and fast method for the surface functionalization of native clays, solvent-free protocols were applied to prepare polymer nanocomposites, while biopolymers (starch, cellulose) or bio-based precursors (epoxidized vegetal oils) served as dispersion media. By controlling the preparation conditions, reactive clay nanofillers with adjustable interlayer spacing and chemical surface reactivity were prepared. Of particular interest is that the layered-like structure of the clay nano ller is preserved while the d-interlayer spacing can be increased though increasing the photopolymerization time, i.e. amount of polymer within the clay nanosheets. Our major results from the the first part can be summarized as follows: Morphology and reactivity of clay nanofillers are easily controlled though adjusting the photopolymerization time and selecting adequate vinyl monomer. - The newly preparation methods allow preparation of samples beyond the gram-scale. - Reactive and surface chemistry of pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers can be tuned to provide compatibility with both conventional preformed biopolymers and bio-based epoxy resins. - The mechanical properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites are improved as compared to the neat polymeric matrices owing to the strong interface interaction between fillers and dispersion matrices
Chinellato, Anne Cristine. "Etude d'un procédé d'élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polypropylène et de montmorillonite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHINELLATO_A_C.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work dealt with polypropylene/organically modified montmorillonite (PP/o-MMT) nanocomposites. The main objective was to study the efficiency of using an acrylic acid modified PP (PP-g-AA) as a compatibilizer to promote the intercalation and/or exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP, on the one hand; and the structures and properties of the resulting composites, on the other hand. Two kinds of PP-g-AA having the same acrylic acid content (6 wt. %) and differing in molar mass were used. The o-MMT content was 0, 1, or 5 wt. % and the PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio was 0:1, 1:1, 2:1 or 5:1. X-ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy showed that without PP-g-AA, the structure of the PP/o-MMT was like that of a conventional micro-composite. With PP-g-AA, the o-MMT was intercalated. Compared to the neat PP, the PP/o-MMT showed an increase in thermal stability of up to 40°C and 30% in elastic modulus. However this increase was concomitant to a decrease in impact strength as the compatibilizer/montmorilonite mass ratio increased. Incorporation of the o-MMT in the PP always led to a decrease in CO2 permeability and the degree of decrease was more significant for compatibilized PP/o-MMT composites (better intercalation/exfoliation) reaching up to 50% with respect to the virgin PP. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the PP-g-AA was efficient to promote the intercalation/exfoliation of the o-MMT in the PP. However, there seemed no significant differences between the two PP-g-AA compatibilizers. Overall, for both PP-g-AA, better properties were obtained for higher PP-g-AA/o-MMT mass ratio
Osso, Dominique. "Élaboration de nanocomposites alumine-métal (Fe, Cr, Ni) par mécanosynthèse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_OSSO_D.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFragneaud, Benjamin. "Synthesis and characterization of polymer/carbon nanotubes composites : impact of polymer grafting on the surface of CNx MWNTs on the electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0124/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаADes nouveaux matériaux hybrides, provenant du greffage de polystyrène à la surface de nanotubes de carbone dopés azote (CNx MWNTs) ont été synthètisés et utilisés dans l’élaboration de nano-composites à matrice polymère. Dans ces travux de recherche nous avons étudiés l’impacte de ces nanotubes de carbone greffés polystyrène sur les propriétés mécaniques et électriques de matrices polystyrène (PS et poly (butadiène-co-styrène) (PSBS). Les nanotubes greffés ont une meilleure dispersion dans une matrice de polystyrène que les nanotubes sans traitement chimique. Cependant, ce type de fonctionnement ne permet pas de baisser le seuil de percolation électrique, puisque le greffage tend à isoler électriquement les nanotubes. Par ailleurs, nous avons observé une sensible augmentation de l’effet de renfort mécanique de la matrice PS quand les tubes sont greffés ; particulièrement quand les composites sont soumis à de grandes déformations. Dans le cas particulier d’une matrice nano structurée comme le PSBS, nous avons observé un effet de renfort mécanique beaucoup plus important quand les nanotubes étaient greffés. En effet, la couche de PS à la surface des CNx MWNTs connecte les domaines de PS du copolymère, permettant l’apparition d’un réseau percolant rigide avec un seuil de percolation très bas (PC <0. 05 vol%)
Do, Isabelle. "Nanocomposites nanotubes de carbone/élastomère : Propriétés rhéologiques et électriques." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3005.
Повний текст джерелаSince carbon nanotubes (CNT) tend to remain as entangled agglomerates, homogeneous dispersed states within a polymer is not easily obtained, which reduces the interest of nanotubes as reinforcements. Many of the solutions proposed to address this issue rely on the modification of the interface between carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix. The aim of the study is to establish the relationship between the nature of the CNT/polymethylacrylate (PMA) interface and the spatial organization of the CNTs in the matrix, on the one hand, and rheological and electrical properties of the nanocomposites, on the other hand. The interface is controlled by using polyacrylic acid (PAA), either by grafting it on the nanotubes surface, or by using it as a surfactant. The study of the morphology of the composites by electronic microscopy showed the importance of distinguishing the distribution of CNTs in the matrix (i. E. The repartition of the nanotubes clusters in the whole sample), from their dispersion (i. E. Their individualization within the clusters). This distinction is central as it allows explaining the physical properties of the nanocomposites. The studies of the linear viscoelastic and electrical properties of the composites highlighted the existence of percolation phenomena. We also showed that the electrical properties of the composites are sensitive to the CNTs dispersion, whereas the rheological ones are sensitive to the quality of distribution. The use of PAA, either grafted or adsorbed on nanotubes, allows an increase in electrical conductivity as well as a better dispersion of the nanotubes, thus lowering the electrical percolation thresholds
Vermogen, Alexandre. "Genèse des microstructures et conséquences sur les propriétés mécaniques dans les polymères semi-cristallins renforcés par des charges lamellaires." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0054/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the development of new materials based on polymer semi-cristalline matrix (PA, PE) for packaging application. Among the possibilities to improve the barrier and the mechanical properties of semi-cristalline the use of nanometer size lamellar shape particles, such as montmorillonite, is certainly the most interesting one. The main advantages of montmorillonite are its low cost, a great potential specific area (700m2/g), a high aspect ratio (100) and good swelling properties. When dispersed homogeneously in a polymer matrix, even at a very low weight ratio, the nanolayers can greatly enhance the thermal stability, mechanical and barrier properties, as reported in the literature. Though significant progress has been made in developing nanocomposites with different polymer matrices, a general understanding has yet to emerge and particularly on the structure-properties relationships. This manuscript is constructed according to two observations in order to understand the structure-properties relationships of semi-cristalline polymer-clay nanocomposites: - On the one hand, today most techniques used in a standard procedure (X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy) do not allow a correct interpretation of polymer-clay nanocomposite structure and dispersion. In this work, we propose an Image Analysis Procedure (I. A. P. ) based on TEM and Optical Microscopy observations to characterize the clay dispersion in polymer clay nanocomposites. Thanks to it, we have shown it was possible to evaluate morphological and dispersion parameters that can be directly related to the nanocomposite processing, the clay weight ratio and to the nature of the compatibilizer. Moreover, complementary experiments by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering, environnemetal Microscopy (ESEM) and rheological measurements, have shown that the morphological interpretation with the IAP was representative of the material in its whole. - On the other hand, the analysis of the properties of semi-cristalline nanocomposites most often does not take into account the real state of dispersion of the nanocomposite, the crystalline texture, the clay particle orientation and also the matrix- filler possible interactions. The last part of this work is devoted to the relative importance of these parameters on the mechanical properties. Among others, we have noticed in PE-clay nanocomposites that the most exfoliated systems were not the ones that had the best reinforcement. Ever since, we have tried to characterize more deeply the origin of the coupling between the polymer crystallites and the clay particles. Two procedures were proposed. At last, a qualitative approach by Finite Element Modelling helps to confirm the key role of the interactions in the reinforcement of semi-cristalline nanocomposites