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1
Mix, Kelly S., and Jae H. Paik. "Do Korean Fraction Names Promote Part-Whole Reasoning?" Journal of Cognition and Development 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2008): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15248370802022605.
2
Anicotte, Rémi. "Bidimensional expressions of fractions in Chinese." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 44, no. 1 (August 12, 2015): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00441p02.
Анотація:
A generic pattern of expression for fractions accounts for numerators and denominators, thus generally producing bidimensional numerical expressions. In Qin–Han mathematical texts, fractions were constructed as predicative phrases: the monodimensional expression ‘denominator’s name + fēn’ of a unit fraction 1/n acted as subject, and the numerator’s name acted as predicate. The morpheme zhī could be used as an optional marker of this predicative relation. Later evolutions were not linear, and reveal the effects of language planning and of free linguistic invention, finally giving rise to the inseparable fraction names of Contemporary Chinese. Un schéma générique pour dire les fractions rend compte des numérateurs et dénominateurs produisant des expressions numériques bidimensionnelles. Dans les textes mathématiques Qin–Han, elles étaient construites comme des énoncés prédicatifs où la désignation monodimensionnelle « nom du dénominateur + fēn » d’une fraction unitaire 1/n servait de sujet et le numérateur de prédicat. Le morphème zhī était utilisé facultativement comme marqueur de cette relation prédicative. Les évolutions de ces expressions n’ont pas été linéaires et révèlent l’action d’inventions et de normalisations linguistiques pour aboutir aux appellations insécables des fractions en chinois contemporain.
3
Zapata-Diomedi, Belen, Jan J. Barendregt, and J. Lennert Veerman. "Population attributable fraction: names, types and issues with incorrect interpretation of relative risks." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 4 (March 8, 2016): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095531.
4
Izquierdo, Jose Luis, and Francisco Pando. "The algae names and collection of the Spanish Phycologist Pedro González Guerrero." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 74, no. 1 (May 3, 2017): 047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2462.
Анотація:
In this paper we collect the 103 algae names published by the Spanish phycologist Pedro González Guerrero during his life-long study of algae at the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid. Names are presented with specific information to facilitate the typification of these names in the future, since P. González only used small illustrations as type elements when describing new infrageneric taxa. We also review here the status of this collection, which has been restored and databased in the process. The collection currently comprises over 2150 specimens, a fraction of what it was a much larger one.
5
Paik, Jae H., and Kelly S. Mix. "U.S. and Korean Children's Comprehension of Fraction Names: A Reexamination of Cross-National Differences." Child Development 74, no. 1 (February 2003): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00526.
6
Kish, Laszlo B., and Walter C. Daugherity. "Entanglement, and Unsorted Database Search in Noise-Based Logic." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153029.
Анотація:
We explore the collapse of “wavefunction” and the measurement of entanglement in the superpositions of hyperspace vectors in classical physical instantaneous-noise-based logic (INBL). We find both similarities with and major differences from the related properties of quantum systems. Two search algorithms utilizing the observed features are introduced. For the first one we assume an unsorted names database set up by Alice that is a superposition (unknown by Bob) of up to n = 2N strings; those we call names. Bob has access to the superposition wave and to the 2N reference noises of the INBL system of N noise bits. For Bob, to decide if a given name x is included in the superposition, once the search has begun, it takes N switching operations followed by a single measurement of the superposition wave. Thus, the time and hardware complexity of the search algorithm is O[log(n)], which indicates an exponential speedup compared to Grover’s quantum algorithm in a corresponding setting. An extra advantage is that the error probability of the search is zero. Moreover, the scheme can also check the existence of a fraction of a string, or several separate string fractions embedded in an arbitrarily long, arbitrary string. In the second algorithm, we expand the above scheme to a phonebook with n names and s phone numbers. When the names and numbers have the same bit resolution, once the search has begun, the time and hardware complexity of this search algorithm is O[log(n)]. In the case of one-to-one correspondence between names and phone numbers (n = s), the algorithm offers inverse phonebook search too. The error probability of this search algorithm is also zero.
7
Lazarus, David. "The legacy of early radiolarian taxonomists, with a focus on the species published by early German workers." Journal of Micropalaeontology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2012-025.
Анотація:
Abstract. Approximately one-third of the c. 1200 polycystine radiolarian names currently recognized as valid in deep-sea research (Cenozoic sediments and plankton) come from the first century of taxonomic studies (c. 1840–1930). German scientists dominated early research on radiolarian biology and taxonomy. C. G. Ehrenberg’s initial work was followed by E. Haeckel’s mammoth monographic works, particularly his Challenger report. Other important early workers were D. Rüst on Mesozoic and Palaeozoic forms and A. Popofsky on plankton and sediment materials, with smaller contributions by J. Müller, E. Stöhr, F. Dreyer and H. Mast. Excluding Haeckel, these workers together published over 2000 species names. A fraction (5–25%) of these names are still used today in deep-sea research, with a tendency for more prolific authors to have higher modern usage rates. Haeckel’s legacy is different. He published over 5000 species names, but only a few percent are still used. The reasons for his species names no longer being used seem to include both factors common to disuse of names from other early authors (inadequate text descriptions, poor or absent illustration, no preserved original materials) but also due to substantial duplication of species and genus names, created by imposition of a partially artificial high level taxonomy. Based on Haeckel’s own writings and by analogy to other parts of Haeckel’s work, it is suggested that Haeckel’s desire to discover and show evolutionary relationships lay behind this flawed approach to taxonomy.
8
Syarief, Akhmad, and Akhmad Yafie. "SIFAT MATERIAL POLYESTER HYBRID COMPOSITE - BATANG BEMBAN (Donax Canniformis)." Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika 2, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/sjmekinematika.v2i2.39.
Анотація:
Bemban (Donax Canniformis) is a plant similar to rattan, the stem produces fiber woven material. This plant has other names bamban, bumban, bomban, and so forth. Composites are a new type of material combined with two or more ingredients and have different properties with each other both physical properties and chemical properties. From the research of this hybrid composite stem rod, it is known in the specimens of impact test of volume fraction 60% bemban (Energy Absorption 21,11 J and Impact Price 0,0332 J / mm²) has the most optimum ductility than volume fraction 40% Energy Absorption 20.62 J and Impact Price 0.0324 J / mm²) and 50% bemban bemban (Energy Absorption 20,96 J and Impact Price 0.0330 J / mm²). In bending test specimens, the volume fraction of 60% bemban stem (Bending Strength 0.45 MPa) has the most optimum ductility properties compared to the volume fraction of 40% bemban rod (Bending Strength 0.63 MPa) and 50% bemban (Bending Strength 0.72 MPa). In tensile specimens fraction volume of 60% bemban rod (Tensile Strength 0.00449 MPa) has the most optimum ductility properties compared to volume fraction of 40% bemban rod (Tensile Strength 0.00224 MPa) and 50% bemban rod (Pull Strength 0.00284 MPa).
9
BURTON, ROBERT, and KYEWON K. PARK. "Spatial determinism for a freeZ2-action." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 32, no. 2 (December 16, 2011): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385711000770.
Анотація:
AbstractWe extend the idea of bilateral determinism of a freeZ-action by D. Ornstein and B. Weiss to a freeZ2-action. We show that we have a ‘stronger’ spatial determinism forZ2-actions: to determine the completeZ2-name of a point, it is enough to know the name of a fraction of the orbit whose density can be made arbitrarily small. Moreover, for zero-entropyZ2-actions, we prove that there exists a partition$\tilde {\mathcal {P}}$such that the$\tilde {\mathcal {P}}$-names of an arbitrarily small one-sided cone determine the points.
10
Montmerle, Thierry. "The IAU, from New Worlds to Exoworlds: recollections of a mandate." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 90–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000176.
Анотація:
AbstractThis paper presents my own recollections of the difficult relations that existed between the IAU and a fraction of the public, especially in the USA, following the IAU decision to reclassify Pluto as a dwarf planet at the 2006 General Assembly in Prague, and which ultimately led the IAU to organize the NameExoWorlds international contest to give public names to selected exoplanets and their host stars. In spite of the success of the International Year of Astronomy in 2009, the Pluto controversy continued, and its consequences climaxed during my term (2012-2015), as NASA’s New Horizons probe approached Pluto for a flyby just before the 2015 General Assembly in Honolulu. It was during this period that the IAU launched the NameExoWorlds contest, which also came to a conclusion in Honolulu after over half a million votes were cast from all over the world. While the inside story of how the contest was organized has appeared elsewhere, here I focus on the historical and sociological context that made Pluto such a sensitive issue, especially in the USA, explaining why this contest generated another controversy between the IAU and the New Horizons team. However, after the world-wide success of NameExoWorlds, the IAU and the New Horizons team eventually reached an agreement on finalizing the characterization and names of a number of newly discovered Pluto and Charon surface features (an on-going process), while a new edition of NameExoWorlds is in preparation for the IAU centennial in 2019.
11
Walsham, Alexandra. "Reforming The Waters: Holy Wells and Healing Springs in Protestant England." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 12 (1999): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900002520.
Анотація:
All too often neglected and overgrown, holy wells still dot the AA English countryside. Many more are merely a distant memory: names recorded by dead antiquarians, folklorists, and topographers and since forgotten, sites marked on Ordnance Survey maps soon to be obliterated by the encroaching urban and industrial world. Despite the heroic efforts of a group of local historians, this aspect of British heritage is in rapid decline. Those which have survived represent only a tiny fraction of the vast number that were scattered across the rural landscape on the eve of the Henrician Reformation. Wells were an integral part of the late medieval geography of the sacred, a matrix of ancient holy places where ordinary people could approach and invoke the divine. Casual weekend visits by ramblers and picnicking families are almost all that remains of the thriving culture of pilgrimage to such hallowed spots.
12
Schor, Juliet B., and Margaret Ford. "From Tastes Great to Cool: Children's Food Marketing and the Rise of the Symbolic." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 1 (2007): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00110.x.
Анотація:
It is now well recognized that the United States is a consumer-driven society. Private consumption comprises a rising fraction of GDP, advertising is proliferating, and consumerism, as an ideology and set of values, is widespread. Not surprisingly, those developments are not confined to adults; they also characterize what some have called the commercialization of childhood. Children are more involved than ever in media, celebrity, shopping, brand names, and other consumer practices. At the core of this change is children's growing role as independent consumers. In recent years, children's access to income has risen markedly, and they have gone from being purchasers of cheap plastic goods and a few select food items (e.g., candy) to being a major market for a diverse set of goods and services, including foodstuffs. Unofficial estimates suggest that children aged four to twelve spent a reported 6.1 billion in purchases from their own money in 1989, 23.4 billion in 1997, and 30 billion in 2002, for a total increase of four hundred percent.
13
Sidharth, B. G. "Innovative Astronomy Education Programs for Developing Countries." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 105 (1990): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100087297.
Анотація:
It is desirable that planetariums in developing countries should make the maximum and most efficient use of the planetarium infrastructure and facilities to cover as much ground as possible in the popularization and dissemination of astronomy. After all, the number of planetariums in developing countries necessarily has to be small, and so specialization in specific disciplines or fields becomes a luxury. In India, for example, there are about ten planetariums, and another five or six will come into operation in the next few years. But these planetariums have to cater to a large population. In the U.S.A., which has a fraction of India’s population, on the other hand, there are hundreds of planetariums. The following suggestions are based on successfully implemented projects at the B.M. Birla Planetarium, Hyderabad.A golden rule for planetarium programs anywhere, and certainly in developing countries, is to start a planetarium sky show or activity with a local flair. For example, the local names of stars and constellations, local myths, local astronomers or, more specifically, topics like the history of astronomy in the region should be highlighted.
14
Antipova, E. M. "THE STRUCTURE OF THE SIBERIAN GEOGRAPHICAL FLORAL ELEMENT IN THE MIDDLE SIBERIAN FOREST STEPPES." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 3 (October 29, 2019): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-3-76-81.
Анотація:
Background. The ultimate goal of studies of any flora is the clarification of the history of vegetation cover and individual taxa formation in the studied region, determination of the degree of its individuality, of floristic links with other territories, and of regularities in flora formation.Materials and methods. The flora of vascular plants in the island forest steppes of Middle Siberia, i. e. of the Krasnoyarsk, Kansk and Achinsk forest steppes, identified by the specific floras method of A. I. Tolmachev, was chosen as the object of research. The purpose of the paper was to study the structure of the Siberian geographical element in the steppe flora, characteristics of the types of constituent distribution areas selected on the basis of the phytochorion concept. The basis for determining the types of habitats was the planetary regionalization scheme by A. L. Takhtajan, complemented by statistical convergent zonation for Siberia by L. I. Malyshev, and for the Russian Far East by R. V. Kamelin.Results. The territory of the Middle Siberian forest steppes is a part of the Altai-Yenisei Province. The Krasnoyarsk, Kansk and Achinsk forest steppes (Krasnoyarsk Territory) are the most northern parts of the region (55°28’–57°28’N, 89°– 96°40’E). Twenty-six local floras were examined. Ten distribution area types were identified within the Siberian geographical element of the boreal group according to the names of sub-regions and provinces (154 species, 11.12%), limiting their distribution from West to East or from East to West, including all intermediate Siberian provinces between them. All types of distribution areas were combined into four large subgroups, namely Siberian, West Siberian, Middle Siberian, and East Siberian. Names of geographical elements were composed from the names of several phytochoria, in which they had been registered, according to the rules by M. G. Popov.Conclusions. The Siberian geographical element rates third in all three forest steppes after the Euro-Siberian and Circumboreal geographical elements. In the flora of the Middle Siberian forest steppes Siberian elements amount to 11%, among which the Middle Siberian ones prevail (4.4%, 61 species) due to the geographical position of the flora. The fraction of species distributed throughout Siberia is 3.25% (45 species), followed by East Siberian species (2.24%, 31 species) and West Siberian ones (1.23%, 17 species).
15
Fernández-Álvarez, Fernando Á., Heather E. Braid, Chingis M. Nigmatullin, Kathrin S. R. Bolstad, Manuel Haimovici, Pilar Sánchez, Kurichithara K. Sajikumar, Nadakkal Ragesh, and Roger Villanueva. "Global biodiversity of the genus Ommastrephes (Ommastrephidae: Cephalopoda): an allopatric cryptic species complex." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 460–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa014.
Анотація:
Abstract Cryptic speciation among morphologically homogeneous species is a phenomenon increasingly reported in cosmopolitan marine invertebrates. This situation usually leads to the discovery of new species, each of which occupies a smaller fraction of the original distributional range. The resolution of the taxonomic status of species complexes is essential because species are used as the unit of action for conservation and natural resource management politics. Before the present study, Ommastrephes bartramii was considered a monotypic cosmopolitan species with a discontinuous distribution. Here, individuals from nearly its entire distributional range were evaluated with mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA). Four distinct species were consistently identified using four molecular species delimitation methods. These results, in combination with morphological and metabolic information from the literature, were used to resurrect three formerly synonymized names (Ommastrephes brevimanus, Ommastrephes caroli and Ommastrephes cylindraceus) and to propose revised distributional ranges for each species. In addition, diagnostic characters from the molecular sequences were incorporated in the species description. At present, only one of the four newly recognized species (Ommastrephes bartramii) is commercially exploited by fisheries in the North Pacific, but it now appears that the distributional range of this species is far smaller than previously believed, which is an essential consideration for effective fisheries management.
16
Spano, V., A. Salis, S. Mele, P. Madau, and M. Monduzzi. "Note: Fractionation of Sheep Milk Fat Via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Food Science and Technology International 10, no. 6 (December 2004): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013204049512.
Анотація:
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used for anhydrous ovine milk fat (AMF) fractionation. Two different fractions were obtained: a low molecular weight triacylglycerol (TAG), named fraction E, and a high molecular weight TAG, termed fraction R. Fractionation was performed at different pressure and temperature values. The effect of these parameters on the chemical composition of the two fractions were analysed in relation to the original AMF. Among the searched conditions, 250 bar and 40°C gave the best fractionation results.
17
Górski, Piotr M., Marian Jurzysta, Stanisław Burda, Wiesław A. Oleszek, and Michał Płoszyński. "Studies on Medicago lupulina saponins. 2. Isolation, chemical characterization and biological activity of saponins from M. lupulina tops." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 53, no. 4 (2014): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1984.048.
Анотація:
Two pure saponin fractions from the tops of <em>M. lupulina</em> were isolated and characterized. The fractions named Ma and Ss varied in composition and biological activity. It was shown by TLC that fraction Ma contained 5 components. In the acid hydrolysates of that fraction only one aglycone (medicagenic acid) and 4 sugars: rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, glucuronic acid were found. The Ss fraction contained 11 components. In its acid hydrolysates, soyasapogenols B, C, D, E, F and two new aglycones N and An were found. The same sugars as above and additionally glucose and galactose were identified. It was found that the Ma fraction of saponins (medicagenic acid glycosides) was highly fungistatic, haemolytic and toxic to fishes. The Ss fraction of saponins (soyasapogenol glycosides) showed no such activity.
18
Saha, Madhurima. "RSK-dependent 14-3-3 interactions." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170189.
Анотація:
14-3-3 proteins were identified as abundant proteins from bovine brain homogenates. They eluted at the 14th fraction from a two-dimensional DEAE-cellulose chromatography column and were the 3.3 band on the subsequent gel electrophoresis.1 14-3-3s were also given different names according to their novel roles in different organisms ranging from plants to animals as reviewed by Aitken.2 Physiologically, these are 30kDa acidic proteins and modulate other proteins in signal transduction pathways by binding to specific phospho-serine/threonine target motifs. The two highly preferred motifs recognized by 14-3-3 on their target proteins are R[S/Φ][+]pS/TXP (mode 1) and RX[S/Φ][+]pS/TXP (mode 2) where pS/T means phosphorylated serine or threonine, Φ means an aromatic residue, + is a basic residue and X is any type of an amino acid with a preference for Leu, Glu, Ala, Met.3 The regulation of multiple oncogenic proteins has spotlighted 14-3-3 as the central point of various signaling cues which govern cell proliferation, growth and tumor suppression.4 There are seven distinct isoforms in mammals (ζ, β, γ, η, σ, τ and ε), fifteen in plants and two each in D. melanogaster and C. elegans.5 They exist as homodimers and except for the sigma isoform which exists as heterodimers within the cell and can bind to more than one protein due to the dimerization of the monomers.12
19
Airoldi, Chiara, Daniela Ferrante, Lucia Miligi, Sara Piro, Giorgia Stoppa, Enrica Migliore, Elisabetta Chellini, et al. "Estimation of Occupational Exposure to Asbestos in Italy by the Linkage of Mesothelioma Registry (ReNaM) and National Insurance Archives. Methodology and Results." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031020.
Анотація:
The identification and monitoring of occupational cancer is an important aspect of occupational health protection. The Italian law on the protection of workers (D. Leg. 81/2008) includes different cancer monitoring systems for high and low etiologic fraction tumors. Record linkage between cancer registries and administrative data is a convenient procedure for occupational cancer monitoring. We aim to: (i) Create a list of industries with asbestos exposure and (ii) identify cancer cases who worked in these industries. The Italian National Mesothelioma Registry (ReNaM) includes information on occupational asbestos exposure of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cases. We developed using data from seven Italian regions a methodology for listing the industries with potential exposure to asbestos linking ReNaM to Italian National Social Security Institute (INPS) data. The methodology is iterative and adjusts for imprecision and inaccuracy in reporting firm names at interview. The list of asbestos exposing firms was applied to the list of cancer cases (all types associated or possibly associated with asbestos according to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph 100C) in two Italian regions for the indication of possible asbestos exposure. Eighteen percent of the cancer cases showed at least one work period in firms potentially exposing to asbestos, 48% of which in regions different from where the cases lived at diagnosis. The methodology offers support for the preliminary screening of asbestos exposing firms in the occupational history of cancer cases.
20
Penduka, D., L. Buwa, B. Mayekiso, A. K. Basson, and A. I. Okoh. "Identification of the AntiListerialConstituents in Partially Purified Column Chromatography Fractions ofGarcinia kolaSeeds and Their Interactions with Standard Antibiotics." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/850347.
Анотація:
Partially purified fractions of the n-hexane extract ofGarcinia kolaseeds were obtained through column chromatography and their constituents were identified through the use of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three fractions were obtained by elution with benzene as the mobile phase and silica gel 60 as the stationery phase and these were named Benz1, Benz2, and Benz3 in the order of their elution. The antiListerialactivities of these fractions were assessed through MIC determination and only Benz2 and Benz3 were found to be active with MIC’s ranging from 0.625 to 2.5 mg/mL. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed Benz2 to have 9 compounds whilst Benz3 had 7 compounds, with the major compounds in both fractions being 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3.β.) and 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol,24-methylene-, (3.β.). The Benz2 fraction was found to have mainly indifferent interactions with ampicillin and penicillin G whilst mainly additive interactions were observed with ciprofloxacin. The Benz3 fraction’s interactions were found to be 50% synergistic with penicillin G and 25% synergistic with ciprofloxacin and ampicillin. A commercially available 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, (3.β.) was found not to exhibit any antiListerialactivities at maximum test concentrations of 5 mg/mL, suggesting that the compound could be acting in synergy with the other compounds in the eluted fractions ofGarcinia kolaseeds.
21
Akter, Ferdusee, Md Bhuyan, and Ujjwal Deb. "Simulation of the Effect of Oil Volume Fractions in an Oil-Water Flows Along a Circular Pipe: A Finite Element Approach." Journal of Mathematics Research 10, no. 5 (July 9, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v10n5p19.
Анотація:
Two phase flows in pipelines are very common in industries for the oil transportations. The aim of our work is to observe the effect of oil volume fraction in the oil in water two phase flows. The study has been accomplished using a computational model which is based on a Finite Element Method (FEM) named Galerkin approximation. The velocity profiles and volume fractions are performed by numerical simulations and we have considered the COMSOL Multiphysics Software version 4.2a for our simulation. The computational domain is 8m in length and 0.05m in radius. The results show that the velocity of the mixture decreases as the oil volume fraction increases. It should be noted that if we gradually increase the volume fractions of oil, the fluid velocity also changes and the saturated level of the volume fraction is 22.3%.
22
Pan, Qiyuan, та Rong Wei. "Fraction of Missing Information (γ) at Different Missing Data Fractions in the 2012 NAMCS Physician Workflow Mail Survey". Applied Mathematics 07, № 10 (2016): 1057–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2016.710093.
23
Leray, Matthieu, and Nancy Knowlton. "DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of standardized samples reveal patterns of marine benthic diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 7 (February 2, 2015): 2076–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424997112.
Анотація:
Documenting the diversity of marine life is challenging because many species are cryptic, small, and rare, and belong to poorly known groups. New sequencing technologies, especially when combined with standardized sampling, promise to make comprehensive biodiversity assessments and monitoring feasible on a large scale. We used this approach to characterize patterns of diversity on oyster reefs across a range of geographic scales comprising a temperate location [Virginia (VA)] and a subtropical location [Florida (FL)]. Eukaryotic organisms that colonized multilayered settlement surfaces (autonomous reef monitoring structures) over a 6-mo period were identified by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I barcoding (>2-mm mobile organisms) and metabarcoding (sessile and smaller mobile organisms). In a total area of ∼15.64 m2 and volume of ∼0.09 m3, 2,179 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were recorded from 983,056 sequences. However, only 10.9% could be matched to reference barcodes in public databases, with only 8.2% matching barcodes with both genus and species names. Taxonomic coverage was broad, particularly for animals (22 phyla recorded), but 35.6% of OTUs detected via metabarcoding could not be confidently assigned to a taxonomic group. The smallest size fraction (500 to 106 μm) was the most diverse (more than two-thirds of OTUs). There was little taxonomic overlap between VA and FL, and samples separated by ∼2 m were significantly more similar than samples separated by ∼100 m. Ground-truthing with independent assessments of taxonomic composition indicated that both presence–absence information and relative abundance information are captured by metabarcoding data, suggesting considerable potential for ecological studies and environmental monitoring.
24
Lewison, G. "Gastroenterology research in the United Kingdom: funding sources and impact." Gut 43, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.43.2.288.
Анотація:
Aims—To determine the sources of funding for UK gastroenterology research papers and the relative impact of papers funded by different groups and of unfunded ones.Methods—UK gastroenterology papers from 1988–94 were selectively retrieved from theScience Citation Index by means of a specially constructed filter based on their title keywords and journal names. They were looked up in libraries to determine their funding sources and these, together with their numbers of authors, numbers of addresses, and research category (clinical/basic) were considered as input parameters to the research. Output parameters analysed were mean journal impact category, citation counts by papers, and the frequency of citation by a US patent.Results—Gastroenterology papers comprise about 7% of all UK biomedical research and 46% of them have no acknowledged funding source. One quarter of the papers acknowledged government support, and a similar fraction a private, non-profit source; 11% were funded by the pharmaceutical industry. The papers acknowledging funding had significantly more impact than the others on all three measures. The citing patents had six times more UK inventors than the average for all US Patent and Trademark Office patents in the relevant classes and were mostly generic in application.Conclusion—The variation in impact of papers funded by different sources can mostly be explained by a simple model based on the input factors (numbers of funding bodies, numbers of authors, numbers of addresses, and research type). The national science base in gastroenterology is important for the underpinning of UK invented patents citing to it.
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Ibrahimov, R. G., Kh I. Abad-zade, and R. O. Mejidov. "Improvement of quality parameters of reformat obtained on reforming installation at Oil Refinery named after Heydar Aliyev." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2020-12-45-50.
Анотація:
Currently, in the atmospheric installation in the cutting of benzene fraction ibp -180 оС to the ibp -85 and 85–180 оС, due to the indefinite rectification of benzole and in the catalytic reforming of benzole-forming hydrocarbons (hexamethylene, hexane, metylcyclopentane) transfer to the fractions 85–180 оС. Therefore, the temperature of initial boiling point of reforming raw is increased up to 95 оС, which significantly decreases the amount of reforming crude. To that end, the paper offers to conduct precise benzene rectification of ibp -180 оС to the ibp -85 and 85–180 оС, and then increase octane number of the fraction ibp -85 adding less toxic additive, to carry out the reforming process in mild regime and perform compounding of the fraction ibp -85 after octane-increasing additive and reformate. In addition, the composition of aromatic hydrocarbons and benzole is dramatically decreased compared to reformat obtained on reforming installation at Oil Refinery named after Heydar Aliyev.
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Powell, Arthur B. "How does a fraction get its name?" Revista Brasileira de Educação em Ciências e Educação Matemática 3, no. 3 (December 28, 2019): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.33238/rebecem.2019.v.3.n.3.23846.
Анотація:
Abstract: Philosophical and cultural perspectives shape how a fraction is named and defined. In turn, these perspectives have consequences for learners' conceptualization of fractions. We examine historical foundations of two perspectives of what are fractions—partitioning and measuring—and how these views influence fraction knowledge. For the dominant perspective, partitioning, we indicate how its approach to what is a fraction that discretizes objects and its well-meaning visual correlates cause learners a host of perceptual difficulties. Based on the human cultural and social practice of measuring continuous quantities, we then offer an alternative understanding of what is a fraction and illustrate the promise of this view for fraction knowledge. We introduce pedagogical tools, Cuisenaire rods, and illustrate how they can be used to implement a measuring perspective to comprehending properties and a definition of fractions. We end by sketching how to initiate a measuring perspective in a mathematics classroom.Keywors: Fractions; Gattegno; Measuring; Partitioning; Unit fractions. Como uma fração recebe seu nome?Resumo: Perspectivas filosóficas e culturais moldam como uma fração é nomeada e definida. Por sua vez, essas perspectivas têm consequências para a conceitualização de frações dos estudantes. Examinamos os fundamentos históricos de duas perspectivas do que são frações—particionamento e medição—e como essas visões influenciam o conhecimento das frações. Para a perspectiva dominante, partição, indicamos como sua abordagem ao que é uma fração que discretiza objetos e seu correlato visual bem-intencionado causa aos alunos uma série de dificuldades perceptivas. Com base na prática cultural e social humana de medir quantidades contínuas, oferecemos um entendimento alternativo do que é uma fração e ilustramos a promessa dessa visão para o conhecimento da fração. Introduzimos ferramentas pedagógicas, varas Cuisenaire e ilustramos como elas podem ser usadas para implementar uma perspectiva de medição para compreender propriedades e uma definição de frações. Terminamos esboçando como iniciar uma perspectiva de medição em uma sala de aula de matemática.Palavras-chave: Frações; Gattegno; Medição; Partição; Frações unitárias.
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Herissone, Rebecca. "“Exactly engrav’d by Tho." Journal of Musicology 37, no. 3 (2020): 305–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2020.37.3.305.
Анотація:
Thomas Cross Jr. was the first music printer to capitalize on the growth of public musical performances in late seventeenth-century England by producing cheap, single-sheet editions of the newest and most popular songs, especially those from the latest theater productions, for audience members and others in fashionable society to buy. As England’s first specialist music engraver, he was able to produce his simple prints of individual songs unusually quickly and to sell them at a fraction of the price of the larger movable-type anthologies that remained the mainstay of established London music stationers in this period. In the absence of intellectual property laws, Cross was free to print any music he could acquire, and he soon came to be seen as a threat by composers and music stationers alike. He clearly did not enjoy good relationships with contemporary composers, and we can safely assume that they did not supply him with his source materials. Given that his prints were nearly always the first published editions of the theater songs to appear in print, how did he obtain his musical texts? This article examines the hypothesis that Cross’s engravings may have derived directly from the stage performances of the singers he names in the titles of his editions, and that they may reflect the singers’ interpretations of the music “exactly engrav’d,” as Cross claimed. Comparison of the variants in Cross’s editions with readings preserved in sources that have known connections to contemporary performance demonstrates that his prints—despite their not undeserved reputation for inaccuracy—probably preserve contemporary performing practices more closely than has hitherto been acknowledged. Their significance as sources thus needs to be reevaluated, which raises broader questions about the criteria that scholars use when making judgments about the relative authority of sources from this period.
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Sant’Anna, Fernando Hayashi, Keli Cristine Reiter, Patrícia de Fátima Almeida, and Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia. "Systematic review of descriptions of novel bacterial species: evaluation of the twenty-first century taxonomy through text mining." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004070.
Анотація:
Although described bacterial species increased in the twenty-first century, they correspond to a tiny fraction of the actual number of species living on our planet. The volume of textual data of these descriptions constitutes valuable information for revealing trends that in turn could support strategies for improvement of bacterial taxonomy. In this study, a text mining approach was used to generate bibliometric data to verify the state-of-art of bacterial taxonomy. Around 9700 abstracts of bacterial classification containing the expression ‘sp. nov.’ and published between 2001 and 2018 were downloaded from PubMed and analysed. Most articles were from PR China and the Republic of Korea, and published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. From about 10 800 species names detected, 93.33 % were considered valid according to the rules of the Bacterial Code, and they corresponded to 82.98 % of the total number of species validated between 2001 and 2018. Streptomyces , Bacillus and Paenibacillus each had more than 200 species described in the period. However, almost 40 % of all species were from the phylum Proteobacteria . Most bacteria were Gram-stain-negative, bacilli and isolated from soil. Thirteen species and one genus homonyms were found. With respect to methodologies of bacterial characterization, the use of terms related to 16S rRNA and polar lipids increased along these years, and terms related to genome metrics only began to appear from 2009 onward, although at a relatively lower frequency. Bacterial taxonomy is known as a conservative discipline, but it gradually changed in terms of players and practices. With the advent of the mandatory use of genomic analyses for species description, we are probably witnessing a turning point in the evolution of bacterial taxonomy.
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Suchitra D, Kilimozhi D, Vishwanath B A, and Venkatesan Natarajan. "Isolation and Characterization of Anti Psychotic Compound From Cassia Occidentalis Leaf." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4088.
Анотація:
The aim of the current work was mainly to find the neuroleptic effects of responsible compounds isolated from Cassia occidentalis leaves, on condiontioning avoidance and catalepsy induced psychotic wistar rats. Psychosis was induced by condiontioning avoidance and catalepsy induced in albino wistar rats. An isolated fraction of the ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis was ingested orally at 100 mg/kg, p.o dose. Haloperidol was considered as standard neuroleptic drug (10 mg/kg, p.o.). The isolated fractions from the column chromatography showing for the higher neuroleptic activity that facilitated for isolating the pure constituent, that was named trivially as name CO- 1.Precise analysis of the previous investigations with Ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis (ETCO) have encouraged us to isolate anti-psychotic responsible consituents from the leaves of Cassia occidentalis for managing the anti-psychotic activity. Collected pooled fractions were subjected to anti-psychotic activity in conditioning avoidance and catalepsy induced wistar rats. The fraction F from ETCO showed strong neuroleptic activity when compared with the commercial standard drug Haloperidol. To propose the constituents that possess anti psychotic activity related to F respectively. Besides, column chromatography analysis was performed with ‘F’ using different solvents and the isolated compound which is named as CO-1. This amorphous powder was extracted from the column with decomposition point. CO-1 is a phenolic compound that was confirmed by IR, Mass Spectrum and NMR analysis.
30
Talukder, D., AB MH Haque, S. Zaman, MS Islam, MN Islam, and A. Khatun. "Insecticidal activity of different fractions of petroleum ether extract of Zingiber cassumunar rhizome against Tribolium castaneum." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 50, no. 2 (July 30, 2015): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v50i2.24355.
Анотація:
An experiment was carried out to investigate the efficacy of contact toxicity of different fractions of petroleum ether extract of Zinziber cassumunar Roxb. rhizome against Tribolium castaneum. Seventy-eight different fractions of petroleum ether extract were obtained from column chromatography. Elutes having the similar TLC behavior were combined in eight fractions and were named as: MN-1, MN-2, MN-3, MN-4, MN-5, MN-6, MN-7 and MN-8. Four separate fractions were collected from the MN-1 fraction by preparative thin layer chromatography. These four parts were washed with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Thereafter, these were separated by small column and designated as: M1N1, M1N2, M1N3, M1N4, M2N1, M2N2, M2N3, M2N4, M3N1, M3N2, M3N3, M3N4, M4N1 and M4N2. Fractions of M1N2, M2N2, M3N2 and M4N2 were found to be the most effective against the beetle T. castaneum after 24, 48 and 72 hours. However, some fractions exhibited the moderate effect and other fractions did not work against the beetle.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(2), 143-152, 2015
31
Celakoska-Jordanova, Vesna. "MATHEMATICAL TERMINOLOGY: ON THE NAMES OF FRACTIONS IN THE MACEDONIAN LANGUAGE." Математички билтен/BULLETIN MATHÉMATIQUE DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DES MATHÉMATICIENS DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE MACÉDOINE, no. 2 (2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37560/matbil16200035cj.
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Gal`perin, E. I., R. I. Ataullakhanov, T. G. Dyuzheva, L. V. Platonova, T. M. Melnikova, M. Yu Monakov, A. M. Dudchenko, A. V. Lyundup, and I. D. Klabukov. "Possible use of the growing liver biological set for hepatic recovery after toxic damage (an experimental study)." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 63, no. 5 (2017): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20176305440.
Анотація:
The lack of acceptable pharmacological approaches for restoration of the injured liver is associated with complex of mechanisms involved in hepatic regeneration and with difficulty of the target selection. The aim of this research was to study the hepatoprotective function of the extract from both the growing and regenerating liver containing a natural set of factors crucial for the hepatic restoration. Extracts from both regenerating liver of rats after 70% hepatic resection and the growing liver of neonatal pigs were obtained using own original technique. The set of resultant extracts was named as the hepatic regeneration set (HRS). HRS fractionation was carried out using the Toyopearl HW-50S sorbent. The efficiency of HRS and its fractions was estimated using a model of the mouse liver thioacetamide injury and monitoring hepatic enzyme activity in blood serum. The activities of AST and ALT in intact animals were 50 U/l and 80 U/l, respectively; after thioacetamide administration they increased to 2059±212 U/l and 4280±440 E/l, respectively (p<0.05). Treatment of injured animals with HRS from the rat regenerating liver resulted in a significant decrease of transaminase activities to 924±148 U/l (AST; p<0.05) and 1633±308 U/l (ALT; p<0.05). A similar effect was observed after treatment with HRS from the neonatal pig liver: the AST decreased to 937±138 U/l (p<0.05), while ALT activity decreased to 1710±237 U/l (p<0.05). HRs fractionation resulted in identification two active fractions characterized by much higher (8-29) hepatotropic effect that that of the whole extract. These fractions contained peptide/protein components with the range of molecular mass of 3-60 kDa (fraction 1) and 3-25 kDa (fraction 2a). Fraction 1 also contained some polynucleotides in fraction 1. Subsequent studies of these fractions exceeding the hepatotropic effect of original HRS is clearly needed to identify their individual components by immunochromatography methods, ELISA, MRM mass spectrometry and quantitative PCR.
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Suharno, Suharno. "Improving Mathematics Learning Outcomes Using Pipette Media in Students at SDN 17 Kuala Mandor B." JP2D (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar) UNTAN 3, no. 2 (May 2, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jp2d.v3i2.110.
Анотація:
This research was a classroom action research conducted in three cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The aspects observed in each cycle were the activities of students and teachers, as well as the learning process of the subject matter in fractions using a simple medium named Pipette. The subjects were 15 students. The results of the study of students' abilities in the chapter of fractions, each cycle has increased. Cycle I, the average score of students was 51.93 with a percentage of completeness 13.33%. Students who reached KKM were 2 students. Based on the result of cycle I and cycle II, the average score of 85 students with a percentage of completeness 86.67%. Students who reached KKM were 13 students. From the two cycles applied, there was an increase in the ability of students in the subject matter of fraction addition. Based on the indicators of success in the second cycle, that the applied papita media can improve the ability of students in the chapter of fraction addition in V grade students of SDN 17 Kuala Mandor B, Kubu Raya Regency.
34
Monge-Nájera, Julián. "Onychophorology, the study of velvet worms, historical trends, landmarks, and researchers from 1826 to 2020 (a literature review)." Uniciencia 35, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-1.13.
Анотація:
Velvet worms, also known as peripatus or onychophorans, are a phylum of evolutionary importance that has survived all mass extinctions since the Cambrian period. They capture prey with an adhesive net that is formed in a fraction of a second. The first naturalist to formally describe them was Lansdown Guilding (1797-1831), a British priest from the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent. His life is as little known as the history of the field he initiated, Onychophorology. This is the first general history of Onychophorology, which has been divided into half-century periods. The beginning, 1826-1879, was characterized by studies from former students of famous naturalists like Cuvier and von Baer. This generation included Milne-Edwards and Blanchard, and studies were done mostly in France, Britain, and Germany. In the 1880-1929 period, research was concentrated on anatomy, behavior, biogeography, and ecology; and it is in this period when Bouvier published his mammoth monograph. The next half-century, 1930-1979, was important for the discovery of Cambrian species; Vachon’s explanation of how ancient distribution defined the existence of two families; DNA and electron microscopy from Brazil; and primitive attempts at systematics using embryology or isolated anatomical characteristics. Finally, the 1980-2020 period, with research centered in Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Germany, is marked by an evolutionary approach: from body and behavior to geographic distribution; the discovery of how they form their adhesive net; the reconstruction of Cambrian onychophoran communities, the first experimental taphonomy; the first country-wide map of conservation status (in Costa Rica); the first model of why they survive in cities; the discovery of new phenomena like food hiding, parental feeding investment, and ontogenetic diet shift; and the birth of a new research branch, onychophoran ethnobiology. While a few names often appear in the literature, most knowledge was produced by a mass of researchers who entered the field only briefly.
35
YADAV, G. MARUTHI PRASAD, P. MALLIKARJUNA REDDY, and B. UMA MAHESWAR GOWD. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON TEMPERATURE SEPARATION OF DUAL FORCED FLOW VORTEX TUBE." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 22, no. 04 (December 2014): 1450023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132514500230.
Анотація:
The vortex tube is a device, which emanates hot and cold air streams simultaneously at its two ends from a source of pressurized air: warmer, gas leaves near the periphery at one end as a free vortex and colder, gas leaves via an orifice at the opposite end as a forced vortex. The forced vortex strikes back again by design modifications, result in the formation of one more forced vortex flow. Thus, the modified vortex tube is named as dual forced flow vortex tube (DFFVT). Experimental study is carried on temperature separation of DFFVT for varying pressures, mass flow rates and optimum cold fractions at two ends for efficient temperature drop is revealed. The modified vortex tube yields effectual temperature drop through one end at a lower cold fraction meanwhile providing effective cooling at the other end with higher cold fraction and vice versa.
36
Viana, Lucimar Arruda, Dario Cardoso de Lima, Liovando Marciano da Costa, Claudio Henrique de Carvalho Silva, Weiner Gustavo Silva Costa, and Yara Barbosa Franco. "MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SAND FRACTION IN A SAND GRAIN IMAGE CAPTURE SYSTEM1." Revista Árvore 40, no. 5 (October 2016): 893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000500013.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Morphology studies assume significant importance in analysis of phenomena of granular systems packaging, in particular with a view to the use of the technique of soil stabilization named particle size correction in forest roads. In this context, this study aimed to develop and operationalize a Sand Grain Image Capture System and, hereby, determine the morphological indices of the sand fractions of two sandy soils called João Pinheiro (JP) and Cachoeira da Prata (CP). Soil samples, air-dried, were sieved (2.0 mm nominal mesh size) for removal of gravels. The materials that passed through the sieve were subjected to dispersion, washing in 0.053 mm nominal mesh size sieve, removal of organic matter and iron oxides to obtain the clean sand fractions. Subsequently, each soil sample was sieved for separation into twelve classes, between the diameters of 0.149 mm and 1.190 mm, using a Rotap shaker. Next, tests were carried out to characterize the morphometric attributes of the twelve classes of sand fractions of the soils studied. For validation of the performance of the Sand Grain Image Capture System, the results were compared to those obtained using a standard procedure for image analysis. The analysis of the results led to the following conclusions: (i) the sand fraction of the JP soil presented higher values for the morphometric indices roundness, elongation and compactness compared to sand fraction of the CP soil; and (ii) the Sand Grain Image Capture System worked properly, with practicality.
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Giraldo, Mónica, Hélia Cannizzaro, Michael A. J. Ferguson, Igor C. Almeida, and Ricardo T. Gazzinelli. "Fractionation of Membrane Components from Tachyzoite Forms ofToxoplasma gondii: Differential Recognition by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG Present in Sera from Patients with Acute or Chronic Toxoplasmosis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 4 (2000): 1453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.4.1453-1460.2000.
Анотація:
Tachyzoite forms of Toxoplasma gondii were subjected to a sequential organic solvent extraction, which allows fractionation of membrane components according to their degrees of hydrophobicity, yielding three fractions named F1 (most hydrophobic) to F3 (least hydrophobic). Fractions F2 (80.85% specificity and 86.95% sensitivity) and F3 (89.36% specificity and 93.61% sensitivity) gave the best results, being preferentially recognized by immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in sera from patients with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis, respectively. Improved scores of specificity (100%) and sensitivity (100%) were achieved when a secondary antibody against human IgG1 instead of total IgG was employed to measure the reactivity of IgG antibodies with the F3 fraction. To purify tachyzoite antigens recognized by human IgM or IgG antibodies, the F2 or F3 fraction was loaded onto an octyl-Sepharose column and eluted with a propan-1-ol gradient. The main antigen(s) recognized by IgM or IgG eluted in a single peak from the octyl-Sepharose resin loaded with either F2 (30 to 50% propan-1-ol) or F3 (15 to 35% propan-1-ol), respectively. These semipurified fractions gave improved scores when used to detect T. gondii-specific IgM (95.7% specificity and 81.8% sensitivity) or IgG (100% specificity and 93.75% sensitivity) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further biochemical and immunological analyses of antigens partially purified from F2 and F3 indicate that glycoinositolphospholipids are preferentially recognized by IgM, whereas proteins of approximately 30 to 40 kDa are recognized by IgG, elicited duringT. gondii infection in humans.
38
Zhao, Miao, Fei Liu, Guang Fu, David Zhang, Tao Zhang, and Hailun Zhou. "Improved Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of BCC Lattice Structures with Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces Fabricated by SLM." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122411.
Анотація:
The triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) method is a novel approach for lattice design in a range of fields, such as impact protection and structural lightweighting. In this paper, we used the TPMS formula to rapidly and accurately generate the most common lattice structure, named the body centered cubic (BCC) structure, with certain volume fractions. TPMS-based and computer aided design (CAD) based BCC lattice structures with volume fractions in the range of 10–30% were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technology with Ti–6Al–4V and subjected to compressive tests. The results demonstrated that local geometric features changed the volume and stress distributions, revealing that the TPMS-based samples were superior to the CAD-based ones, with elastic modulus, yield strength and compression strength increasing in the ranges of 18.9–42.2%, 19.2–29.5%, and 2–36.6%, respectively. The failure mechanism of the TPMS-based samples with a high volume fraction changed to brittle failure observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), as their struts were more affected by the axial force and fractured on struts. It was also found that the TPMS-based samples have a favorable capacity to absorb energy, particularly with a 30% volume fraction, the energy absorbed up to 50% strain was approximately three times higher than that of the CAD-based sample with an equal volume fraction. Furthermore, the theoretic Gibson–Ashby mode was established in order to predict and design the mechanical properties of the lattice structures. In summary, these results can be used to rapidly create BCC lattice structures with superior compressive properties for engineering applications.
39
ABDULLAH, Sumaiyah, Noorlidah ABDULLAH, Vikineswary SABARATNAM, and Ken Choy YAP. "CUPRAC assay-guided profiling of antioxidant compounds in methanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. mycelium." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 111, no. 1 (April 8, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2018.111.1.10.
Анотація:
<p>A cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)-guided purification approach was performed on a methanol extract of <em>Lentinus squarrosulus</em> (LsqMeOH) by using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography, three fractions were separated arbitrarily named FR1, FR2 and FR3. Results showed that FR2 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in CUPRAC assay (A<sub>450</sub>, 0.86) but not significantly different from LsqMeOH (A<sub>450</sub>, 0.84). FR1 and FR3 showed much lower absorbance, with values (A<sub>450</sub>, 0.21) and (A<sub>450</sub>, 0.36) respectively at 1 mg ml<sup>-1</sup>. The most active fraction (F3) was further subjected to LC-MS/MS to obtain its detailed chemical profile. Uridine, ganoderic acid derivative, and flavonoids were the first time being found in <em>L. squarrosulus</em> antioxidative fractions. The present results indicate that the fraction extracts of <em>L. squarrosulus</em> possess antioxidant properties and can be used as free radical inhibitors. Therefore, this research suggested the potentials of <em>L. squarrosulus</em> as a source of antioxidant extract to be used in food industries (functional food).</p>
40
Sukiennik, Edgar. "Biblioteka klasztoru paulinów w Oporowie w świetle zachowanych katalogów z XVIII wieku." Saeculum Christianum 26, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 115–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sc.2019.26.1.9.
Анотація:
From the very beginning of its existence, the Pauline Order paid attention to the need to educate and develop the intellectual life of its members. This resulted from the adoption of St. Augustine’s rule by the community, which in addition to the principles governing the common life also emphasized the intellectual formation of the friars by providing them with access to books. The fulfilment of the obligations resulting from the rule and the subsequent legislation of the convent meant that every Pauline monastery was equipped with a larger or smaller library. It was no different in the case of St. Martin's convent in Oporów, which had existed since 1453 thanks to the foundation of the brothers Piotr and Władysław from the powerful Oporowski family, with the Sulima coat of arms. The monastery library was probably established soon after the foundation of the monastery. It was used primarily by preachers, who prepared Sunday and Christmas sermons, as well as by other monks, if they were authorized to do so. The beginnings of the library are unknown due to the lack of sources from that period. Only the eighteenth-century catalogues of books shed light on the functioning of the library, albeit in a limited period of time 1711-1753. To this day, 13 library inventories have survived, providing welcome information about the intellectual life of the local Pauline monks, titles of books along with the names of the authors and the division of bibliographic material into various thematic categories. The image of the Oporów library is complemented by 47 old prints of Oporów provenience, which are now the property of the University Library in Warsaw. Although their number is insignificant and constitutes only a fraction of the former assets of the library, nevertheless it turns out to be helpful in the analysis of the resources of the Pauline library and the development of intellectual horizons of its users. The analysis of the preserved archival materials is the first attempt to restore the library of the Oporów monastery in the century preceding its irretrievable disappearance in the course of the convent’s annulment.
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Taha, Birra, Praneeth Sadda, Graham Winston, Eseosa Odigie, Cristina Londono, Jeffrey P. Greenfield, Susan C. Pannullo, and Caitlin Hoffman. "Increases in female academic productivity and female mentorship highlight sustained progress in previously identified neurosurgical gender disparities." Neurosurgical Focus 50, no. 3 (March 2021): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.12.focus20939.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVEA meta-analysis was performed to understand disparities in the representation of female authorship within the neurosurgical literature and implications for career advancement of women in neurosurgery.METHODSAuthor names for articles published in 16 of the top neurosurgical journals from 2002 to 2019 were obtained from MEDLINE. The gender of each author was determined using automated prediction methods. Publication trends were compared over time and across subdisciplines. Female authorship was also compared to the proportionate composition of women in the field over time.RESULTSThe metadata obtained from 16 major neurosurgical journals yielded 66,546 research articles. Gender was successfully determined for 96% (127,809/133,578) of first and senior authors, while the remainder (3.9%) were unable to be determined through prediction methods. Across all years, 13.3% (8826) of articles had female first authorship and 9.1% (6073) had female senior authorship. Female first authorship increased significantly over time from 5.8% in 2002 to 17.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Female senior authorship also increased significantly over time, from 5.5% in 2002 to 12.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). The journals with the highest proportions of female first authors and senior authors were the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (33.5%) and the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery (23.8%), respectively. Operative Neurosurgery had the lowest fraction of female first (12.4%) and senior (4.7%) authors. There was a significant difference between the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical trainees and the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical first (p < 0.001) and senior (p < 0.001) authors. Articles were also more likely to have a female first author if the senior author of the article was female (OR 2.69, CI 2.52–2.86; p < 0.001). From 1944 to 2019, the Journal of Neurosurgery showed a steady increase in female first and senior authorship, with a plateau beginning in the 1990s.CONCLUSIONSLarge meta-analysis techniques have the potential to effectively leverage large amounts of bibliometric data to quantify the representation of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The proportion of female authors in major neurosurgical journals has steadily increased. However, the rate of increase in female senior authorship has lagged behind the rate of increase in first authorship, indicating a disparity in academic advancement in women in neurosurgery.
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Famouri, Seyedfarzad, Amirhossein Bagherian, Armin Shahmohammadi, Daniel George, Mostafa Baghani, and Majid Baniassadi. "Refining anticipation of degraded bone microstructures during osteoporosis based on statistical homogenized reconstruction method via quality of connection function." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 09, no. 04 (December 2020): 2050023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684120500232.
Анотація:
Nowadays, osteoporosis disease that is related to aging has become a proliferating problem in worldwide society. It is therefore crucial to understand its evolution and predict this phenomenon precisely for different types of bone and volume fractions with adequate mathematical model. The application of statistical reconstruction method would be a helpful tool to predict osteoporosis for the simplified bone microstructures. To model osteoporosis evolution over time, in a first step, we propose to degrade the volume fraction with a mathematical model to reach any determined volume fraction between the initial condition and the degraded one with a statistical interpolation. In a second step, the degraded microstructure will be optimized using a statistical descriptor. The final optimized microstructures will be discussed as a function of the effective mechanical properties. The capability of quality of connection and two-point correlation functions (TPCFs) in 3D models and their application in the optimization of reconstructed interpolated models are going to be demonstrated. Finally, we will demonstrate and discuss the advantages of using the Quality of Connection Function (QCF) as a replacement of TPCF over the sole statistical descriptor named TPCF. We will show that QCF descriptor is better than TPCF only to find the optimized reconstructed models in a determined volume fraction.
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Estrada-Gomez, Sebastian, Fernanda Caldas Cardoso, Leidy Vargas-Muñoz, Juan Quintana-Castillo, Claudia Arenas Gómez, Sandy Pineda, and Monica Saldarriaga-Cordoba. "Venomic, Transcriptomic, and Bioactivity Analyses of Pamphobeteus verdolaga Venom Reveal Complex Disulfide-Rich Peptides That Modulate Calcium Channels." Toxins 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11090496.
Анотація:
Pamphobeteus verdolaga is a recently described Theraphosidae spider from the Andean region of Colombia. Previous reports partially characterized its venom profile. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis that includes reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC), calcium influx assays, tandem mass spectrometry analysis (tMS/MS), and venom-gland transcriptome. rp-HPLC fractions of P. verdolaga venom showed activity on CaV2.2, CaV3.2, and NaV1.7 ion channels. Active fractions contained several peptides with molecular masses ranging from 3399.4 to 3839.6 Da. The tMS/MS analysis of active fraction displaying the strongest activity to inhibit calcium channels showed sequence fragments similar to one of the translated transcripts detected in the venom-gland transcriptome. The putative peptide of this translated transcript corresponded to a toxin, here named ω-theraphositoxin-Pv3a, a potential ion channel modulator toxin that is, in addition, very similar to other theraphositoxins affecting calcium channels (i.e., ω-theraphotoxin-Asp1a). Additionally, using this holistic approach, we found that P. verdolaga venom is an important source of disulfide-rich proteins expressing at least eight superfamilies.
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Kim, Ji Hoon, Je-Seung Jeon, Jung Hoon Kim, Eun Ju Jung, Yun Jung Lee, En Mei Gao, Ahmed Shah Syed, Rak Ho Son, and Chul Young Kim. "Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Two Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes from Lindera strychnifolia Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175269.
Анотація:
In this study, a centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) separation was applied to identify antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) induction molecules from the crude extract of Lindera strychnifolia roots. CPC was operated with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-methanol-water (10:8.5:1.5, v/v/v) in dual mode (descending to ascending), which provided a high recovery rate (>95.5%) with high resolution. Then, ARE induction activity of obtained CPC fractions was examined in ARE-transfected HepG2 cells according to the weight ratios of the obtained fractions. The fraction exhibiting ARE-inducing activity was further purified by preparative HPLC that led to isolation of two eudesmane type sesquiterpenes as active compounds. The chemical structures were elucidated as linderolide U (1) and a new sesquiterpene named as linderolide V (2) by spectroscopic data. Further bioactivity test demonstrated that compounds 1 and 2 enhanced ARE activity by 22.4-fold and 7.6-fold, respectively, at 100 μM concentration while 5 μM of sulforaphane induced ARE activity 24.8-fold compared to the control.
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Sehat, Ashkan, Hani Sadrhosseini, and M. Behshad Shafii. "Experimental Study of Internal Forced Convection of Ferrofluid Flow in Porous Media." Defect and Diffusion Forum 348 (January 2014): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.348.139.
Анотація:
This work presents an experimental study of the effect of a magnetic field on laminar forced convection of a ferrofluid flowing in a tube filled with permeable material. The walls of the tube are subjected to a uniform heat flux and the permeable bed consists of uniform spheres of 3-mm diameter. The ferrofluid synthesis is based on reacting iron (II) and iron (III) in an aqueous ammonia solution to form magnetite, Fe3O4. The magnetite is mixed with aqueous tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide, (CH3)4NOH, solution. The dependency of the pressure drop on the volume fraction, and comparison of the pressure drop and the temperature distribution of the tube wall is studied. Also comparison of the wall temperature distribution, convection heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt numbers of ferrofluids with different volume fractions is investigated for various Reynolds numbers (147 < Re < 205 ). It is observed that the heat transfer is enhanced by using a porous media, increasing the volume fraction had a similar effect. The pressure coefficient decreases for higher Reynolds number. The effect of magnetic field in four strategies, named modes, on ferrofluid flow through the porous media is presented.
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Yang, Yong-Ju. "The fractional residual method for solving the local fractional differential equations." Thermal Science 24, no. 4 (2020): 2535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2004535y.
Анотація:
This paper proposes a new method to solve local fractional differential equation. The method divides the studied equation into a system, where the initial solution is obtained from a residual equation. The new method is therefore named as the fractional residual method. Examples are given to elucidate its efficiency and reliability.
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Ferreira, Jefferson Dos Santos, and Ivanete Batista dos Santos. "Apropriações do Método Intuitivo de Pestalozzi em Propostas Para o Ensino de Saberes Elementares Matemáticos em Revistas Pedagógicas (1890-1940)." Jornal Internacional de Estudos em Educação Matemática 11, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2176-5634.2018v11n1p13-26.
Анотація:
Neste artigo, é apresentado o resultado de uma pesquisa que versou sobre apropriações do método intuitivo de Pestalozzi para o ensino de saberes elementares matemáticos em periódicos brasileiros do final do século XIX e início do século XX. Chartier (2003) foi utilizado como referência para o entendimento de apropriação. Para a seleção das fontes, utilizando como lente de pesquisa as palavras-chave Pestalozzi, intuição e método ou ensino intuitivo, foi possível examinar noventa e oito exemplares de periódicos como A Eschola Publica, Revista de Ensino. A partir do exame de cada artigo foi possível identificar dois tipos de apropriações, uma primeira com referências diretas a estalozzi, e uma segunda, a partir da identificação ou de indícios de princípios defendidos por esse autor. No que diz respeito aos saberes elementares matemáticos, foram identificadas apropriações de princípios do método intuitivo de Pestalozzi para abordar conteúdos como fração, que deveria ser abordado com a utilização de objetos, que tinham a finalidade de tornar concreto o entendimento de fração, indicativo de um princípio do método intuitivo. A associação entre conhecimento e linguagem foi identificada em relação ao contar, pois a criança aprenderia a fazê-lo juntando objetos e pronunciando os seus nomes, e dessa forma destaca-se uma apropriação de outro princípio de Pestalozzi, a materialização do ensino. Referente aos saberes elementares geométricos, constatou-se a recomendação de que os sólidos geométricos deveriam ser expostos à vista da criança, e uma relação entre a medida e o desenho, em que foi possível identificar aproximações com a proposta pestalozziana. Por fim, é possível afirmar, a partir da pesquisa, que de formas diferenciadas, foram efetuados usos e interpretações dos princípios do método intuitivo como defendido por Pestalozzi para sistematizar propostas para os saberes elementares matemáticos.Palavras-chave: Apropriação. Método Intuitivo. Saberes Elementares Matemáticos. Periódicos.AbstractIn this article are presented results of a research that deal with appropriations of Pestalozzi’s intuitive method for the teaching of elementary mathematical knowledge in brazilian periodicals of at the end 19th and early 20th century. Chartier (2003) was used for the understanding of appropriation. Keywords were used for research of sources, for example “Pestalozzi”, “intuitive”, “method” and “intuitive teaching”, it was possible to examine ninety-eight copies of periodicals such as A EscholaPublica, Revista de Ensino. From the examinations of the articles it was possible to identify two types of appropriations, one with direct references to Pestalozzi, and another based on the identification or indications of principles defended by Pestalozzi. About the elementary mathematical knowledge, were identified appropriations of principles of Pestalozzi’s intuitive method to approach contents, for example, fraction that was should be approached with the use of objects, with the purpose of making concrete the understanding of fraction, what is a one indicative of the intuitive method. The association between knowledge and language was identified in relation to counting, since the child would learn to do it by joining objects and pronouncing their names, and thus is possible to identify an appropriation of another principle of Pestalozzi, the materialization of teaching. About the elementary geometric knowledge, the recommendation was that geometric solids should be exposed to the child’s eyes, and a relationship between the measure and the drawing, what is an approximation with the proposal of Pestalozzi. Finally, it is possible to affirm, from the research, that in different ways, were made uses and interpretations of the principles of the intuitive method as defended by Pestalozzi to systematize proposals for the elementary mathematical knowledge.Keywords: Appropriation. Intuitive method. Elementary mathematical knowledge. Periodicals.
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Metasari, Seni, Elfita Elfita, Muharni Muharni, and Heni Yohandini. "Antioxidant Compounds from The Stem Bark of Syzygium samarangense L." Molekul 15, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2020.15.3.626.
Анотація:
Ogan ethnic community in South Sumatera has been used a decoction of the stem bark of Syzygium samarangense L (locally named “jambu air” in Indonesia) for hypertension medicine. Hypertension is a degenerative disease caused by free radical activity in the body. This study aims to scientifically prove the use of a decoction of the stem bark of S. samarangense so that its use by the Ogan ethnic community can be justified. The research began with fractionation of the stem bark by gradient solvents, and each fraction was tested for antioxidant activity. Isolation of antioxidant compounds from active fractions was carried out by chromatographic techniques. Antioxidant tests on fractions and pure compounds were carried out by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Based on spectroscopic data analysis and by comparing with literature, the pure compounds were identified as quercetin and gallic acid. Both of these compounds have strong antioxidant activity with IC50 quercetin 11.16 and gallic acid 11.43 µg/mL. This research proves that the use of the stem bark of S. samarangense for a degenerative disease by the Ogan ethnic community contains the truth.
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Kondratyev, N. B., E. V. Kazantsev, M. V. Osipov, O. S. Rudenko, and E. N. Krylova. "Determination of sources of sulfur dioxide in confectionery." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-203-208.
Анотація:
Sulfur dioxide is used to ensure the safety of fruit raw materials and semi-finished products used for the production of confectionery. This preservative has allergenic properties. In accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 022/2011 "Food products in terms of their labeling" the content of sulfur dioxide must be specified when labeling confectionery products, if its content exceeds 10 mg per kg. The definition of this preservative in raw materials, semi-finished products and confectionery in accordance with the current GOST 26811 “Confectionery. The iodometric method for determining the mass fraction of total sulfuric acid is often difficult because of the complexity of confectionery products, the formation of intensive staining of the solutions under study and the ability of sulfur dioxide to react with other components of the objects under study. Therefore, the task of developing methods with the optimization of the sample preparation stage of the samples under study, which allow one to fully determine sulfur dioxide in confectionery products, semi-finished products and raw materials, is relevant. The purpose of this work was to develop methods for determining sulfur dioxide in raw materials, semi-finished products and various names of confectionery products, as well as assessing the impact of these types of raw materials and semi-finished products on the content of sulfur dioxide in confectionery products. The results showed that sulfur dioxide is present in many raw materials. In mg per 1 kg of sugar in white sand from 1 to 9, molasses from 25 to 52, wheat flour from 9 to 15, starch from 3 to 17. In fruit raw materials from 5 to 545 mg per kg. In confectionery: marshmallow and marshmallow from 8 to 29, gingerbread from 6 to 25, biscuits from 0 to 16, chocolate from 8 to 13. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the content of sulfur dioxide in raw materials and semi-finished confectionery products is a very wide range, which makes it necessary to control the quality of all raw materials entering the production. Sulfur dioxide, used as a preservative for fruit raw materials, can significantly increase the content of this allergen in confectionery made using such raw materials. Ensuring the level of sulfur dioxide less than 10 mg / kg is achieved using raw materials with low content of sulfur dioxide and technological methods.
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Catlett, Dylan, Kevin Son, and Connie Liang. "ensembleTax: an R package for determinations of ensemble taxonomic assignments of phylogenetically-informative marker gene sequences." PeerJ 9 (July 26, 2021): e11865. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11865.
Анотація:
Background High-throughput sequencing of phylogenetically informative marker genes is a widely used method to assess the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Taxonomic assignment of sampled marker gene sequences (referred to as amplicon sequence variants, or ASVs) imparts ecological significance to these genetic data. To assign taxonomy to an ASV, a taxonomic assignment algorithm compares the ASV to a collection of reference sequences (a reference database) with known taxonomic affiliations. However, many taxonomic assignment algorithms and reference databases are available, and the optimal algorithm and database for a particular scientific question is often unclear. Here, we present the ensembleTax R package, which provides an efficient framework for integrating taxonomic assignments predicted with any number of taxonomic assignment algorithms and reference databases to determine ensemble taxonomic assignments for ASVs. Methods The ensembleTax R package relies on two core algorithms: taxmapper and assign.ensembleTax. The taxmapper algorithm maps taxonomic assignments derived from one reference database onto the taxonomic nomenclature (a set of taxonomic naming and ranking conventions) of another reference database. The assign.ensembleTax algorithm computes ensemble taxonomic assignments for each ASV in a data set based on any number of taxonomic assignments determined with independent methods. Various parameters allow analysts to prioritize obtaining either more ASVs with more predicted clade names or more robust clade name predictions supported by multiple independent methods in ensemble taxonomic assignments. Results The ensembleTax R package is used to compute two sets of ensemble taxonomic assignments for a collection of protistan ASVs sampled from the coastal ocean. Comparisons of taxonomic assignments predicted by individual methods with those predicted by ensemble methods show that conservative implementations of the ensembleTax package minimize disagreements between taxonomic assignments predicted by individual and ensemble methods, but result in ASVs with fewer ranks assigned taxonomy. Less conservative implementations of the ensembleTax package result in an increased fraction of ASVs classified at all taxonomic ranks, but increase the number of ASVs for which ensemble assignments disagree with those predicted by individual methods. Discussion We discuss how implementation of the ensembleTax R package may be optimized to address specific scientific objectives based on the results of the application of the ensembleTax package to marine protist communities. While further work is required to evaluate the accuracy of ensemble taxonomic assignments relative to taxonomic assignments predicted by individual methods, we also discuss scenarios where ensemble methods are expected to improve the accuracy of taxonomy prediction for ASVs.