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Статті в журналах з теми "Frequency radar"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Caffa, Mattia, Francesco Biletta, and Riccardo Maggiora. "Binary-Phase vs. Frequency Modulated Radar Measured Performances for Automotive Applications." Sensors 23, no. 11 (2023): 5271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23115271.

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Radars have been widely deployed in cars in recent years, for advanced driving assistance systems. The most popular and studied modulated waveform for automotive radar is the frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW), due to FMCW radar technology’s ease of implementation and low power consumption. However, FMCW radars have several limitations, such as low interference resilience, range-Doppler coupling, limited maximum velocity with time-division multiplexing (TDM), and high-range sidelobes that reduce high-contrast resolution (HCR). These issues can be tackled by adopting other modulated wav

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2

Roarty, Hugh J., Erick Rivera Lemus, Ethan Handel, Scott M. Glenn, Donald E. Barrick, and James Isaacson. "Performance Evaluation of SeaSonde High-Frequency Radar for Vessel Detection." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 3 (2011): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.3.2.

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AbstractHigh-frequency (HF) surface wave radar has been identified to be a gap-filling technology for Maritime Domain Awareness. Present SeaSonde HF radars have been designed to map surface currents but are able to track surface vessels in a dual-use mode. Rutgers and CODAR Ocean Sensors, Ltd., have collaborated on the development of vessel detection and tracking capabilities from compact HF radars, demonstrating that ships can be detected and tracked by multistatic HF radar in a multiship environment while simultaneously mapping ocean currents. Furthermore, the same vessel is seen simultaneou

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3

Wang, Dingyang, Sungwon Yoo, and Sung Ho Cho. "Experimental Comparison of IR-UWB Radar and FMCW Radar for Vital Signs." Sensors 20, no. 22 (2020): 6695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226695.

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In this paper, we compare the performances of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) and frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radars in measuring noncontact vital signs such as respiration rate and heart rate. These two type radars have been widely used in various fields and have shown their applicability to extract vital signs in noncontact ways. IR-UWB radar can extract vital signs using distance information. On the other hand, FMCW radar requires phase information to estimate vital signs, and the result can be enhanced with Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) antenna topologies. By using

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4

Frech, Michael, Cornelius Hald, Maximilian Schaper, Bertram Lange, and Benjamin Rohrdantz. "Assessing and mitigating the radar–radar interference in the German C-band weather radar network." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 2 (2023): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-295-2023.

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Abstract. The national German weather radar network operates in C-band between 5.6 and 5.65 GHz. In a radar network, individual transmit frequencies have to be chosen such that radar–radar-induced interferences are avoided. In a unique experiment the Hohenpeißenberg research radar and five operational systems from the radar network were used to characterize radar–radar-induced interferences as a function of the radar frequency. The results allow assessment of the possibility of adding additional C-band radars with magnetron transmitters into the existing network. Based on the experiment, at le

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5

Yang, Jian, Zengtian Chang, Dongchu Su, et al. "Influence of Public Mobile Communication System on the Frequency of S-Band Radars." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2196, no. 1 (2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012031.

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Abstract Given the interference between public mobile communication system and S-band radars, an applicable interference analysis model was established, the typical frequency parameters of radar and the key parameters of the base station were sorted out, the radiation parameters of the mobile terminal (MT) were tested practically, and the interferences of the base station and MT to radar were calculated. Further, the Monte Carlo method was taken to simulate the system-level lumped interference of the communication system to radar, and an analysis was made on the influence of the communication

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6

Muaaz, Muhammad, Sahil Waqar, and Matthias Pätzold. "Orientation-Independent Human Activity Recognition Using Complementary Radio Frequency Sensing." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 5810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23135810.

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RF sensing offers an unobtrusive, user-friendly, and privacy-preserving method for detecting accidental falls and recognizing human activities. Contemporary RF-based HAR systems generally employ a single monostatic radar to recognize human activities. However, a single monostatic radar cannot detect the motion of a target, e.g., a moving person, orthogonal to the boresight axis of the radar. Owing to this inherent physical limitation, a single monostatic radar fails to efficiently recognize orientation-independent human activities. In this work, we present a complementary RF sensing approach t

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7

Silva, Murilo Teixeira, Weimin Huang, and Eric W. Gill. "Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (2020): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040667.

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The scattering theory developed in the past decades for high-frequency radio oceanography has been restricted to surfaces with small heights and small slopes. In the present work, the scattering theory for bistatic high-frequency radars is extended to ocean surfaces with arbitrary wave heights. Based on recent theoretical developments in the scattering theory for ocean surfaces with arbitrary heights for monostatic radars, the electric field equations for bistatic high-frequency radars in high sea states are developed. This results in an additional term related to the first-order electric fiel

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8

Mroz, Kamil, Alessandro Battaglia, Cuong Nguyen, Andrew Heymsfield, Alain Protat, and Mengistu Wolde. "Triple-frequency radar retrieval of microphysical properties of snow." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 11 (2021): 7243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7243-2021.

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Abstract. An algorithm based on triple-frequency (X, Ka, W) radar measurements that retrieves the size, water content and degree of riming of ice clouds is presented. This study exploits the potential of multi-frequency radar measurements to provide information on bulk snow density that should underpin better estimates of the snow characteristic size and content within the radar volume. The algorithm is based on Bayes' rule with riming parameterised by the “fill-in” model. The radar reflectivities are simulated with a range of scattering models corresponding to realistic snowflake shapes. The

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9

Parent du Chatelet, Jacques, Chiraz Boudjabi, Lucas Besson, and Olivier Caumont. "Errors Caused by Long-Term Drifts of Magnetron Frequencies for Refractivity Measurement with a Radar: Theoretical Formulation and Initial Validation." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 10 (2012): 1428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00070.1.

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Abstract Refractivity measurements in the boundary layer by precipitation radar could be useful for convection prediction. Until now such measurements have only been performed by coherent radars, but European weather radars are mostly equipped with noncoherent magnetron transmitters for which the phase and frequency may vary. In this paper, the authors give an analytical expression of the refractivity measurement by a noncoherent drifting-frequency magnetron radar and validate it by comparing with in situ measurements. The main conclusion is that, provided the necessary corrections are applied

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10

Leinonen, Jussi, Matthew D. Lebsock, Simone Tanelli, et al. "Retrieval of snowflake microphysical properties from multifrequency radar observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 10 (2018): 5471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5471-2018.

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Abstract. We have developed an algorithm that retrieves the size, number concentration and density of falling snow from multifrequency radar observations. This work builds on previous studies that have indicated that three-frequency radars can provide information on snow density, potentially improving the accuracy of snow parameter estimates. The algorithm is based on a Bayesian framework, using lookup tables mapping the measurement space to the state space, which allows fast and robust retrieval. In the forward model, we calculate the radar reflectivities using recently published snow scatter

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11

Johnston, Paul E., James R. Jordan, Allen B. White, David A. Carter, David M. Costa, and Thomas E. Ayers. "The NOAA FM-CW Snow-Level Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 2 (2017): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0063.1.

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AbstractA vertically pointing radar for monitoring radar brightband height (BBH) has been developed. This new radar utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave (FM-CW) techniques to provide high-resolution data at a fraction of the cost of comparable pulsed radars. This S-band radar provides details of the vertical structure of precipitating clouds, with full Doppler information. Details of the radar design are presented along with observations from one storm. Results from a calibration using these storm data show the radar meets the design goals. Eleven of these radars have been deployed and

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12

Shi, Di, Gunnar Gidion, Taimur Aftab, Leonhard M. Reindl, and Stefan J. Rupitsch. "Frequency Comb-Based Ground-Penetrating Bioradar: System Implementation and Signal Processing." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031335.

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Radars can be used as sensors to detect the breathing of victims trapped under layers of building materials in catastrophes like earthquakes or gas explosions. In this contribution, we present the implementation of a novel frequency comb continuous wave (FCCW) bioradar module using a commercial software-defined radio (SDR). The FCCW radar transmits multiple equally spaced frequency components simultaneously. The data acquisition of the received combs is frequency domain-based. Hence, it does not require synchronization between the transmit and receive channels, as time domain-based broadband r

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13

Figueras i Ventura, Jordi, and Pierre Tabary. "The New French Operational Polarimetric Radar Rainfall Rate Product." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 8 (2013): 1817–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0179.1.

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AbstractIn 2012 the Météo France metropolitan operational radar network consists of 24 radars operating at C and S bands. In addition, a network of four X-band gap-filler radars is being deployed in the French Alps. The network combines polarimetric and nonpolarimetric radars. Consequently, the operational radar rainfall algorithm has been adapted to process both polarimetric and nonpolarimetric data. The polarimetric processing chain is available in two versions. In the first version, now operational, polarimetry is only used to correct for attenuation and filter out clear-air echoes. In the

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14

Bhutani, Akanksha, Sören Marahrens, Michael Gehringer, Benjamin Göttel, Mario Pauli, and Thomas Zwick. "The Role of Millimeter-Waves in the Distance Measurement Accuracy of an FMCW Radar Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 18 (2019): 3938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183938.

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High-accuracy, short-range distance measurement is required in a variety of industrial applications e.g., positioning of robots in a fully automated production process, level measurement of liquids in small containers. An FMCW radar sensor is suitable for this purpose, since many of these applications involve harsh environments. Due to the progress in the field of semiconductor technology, FMCW radar sensors operating in different millimeter-wave frequency bands are available today. An important question in this context, which has not been investigated so far is how does a millimeter-wave freq

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15

Bhutani, Akanksha, Sören Marahrens, Marius Kretschmann, et al. "Applications of radar measurement technology using 24 GHz, 61 GHz, 80 GHz and 122 GHz FMCW radar sensors." tm - Technisches Messen 89, no. 2 (2021): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2021-0034.

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Abstract This paper presents a review of radar applications in high-accuracy distance measurement of a target. The radars included in this review are frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensors operating in four different millimeter-wave frequency bands, namely 24 GHz, 61 GHz, 80 GHz and 122 GHz. The radar sensors are used to measure the distance of standard and complex targets in a short range of a few meters, thus indicating that the choice of target and the medium used for radar signal propagation also play a key role in determining the distance measurement accuracy of an FMCW

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16

Ilcev, Dimov Stojce. "Introduction to Coastal HF Maritime Surveillance Radars." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 3 (2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0056.

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Abstract This paper presents the main technical characteristics and working performances of coastal maritime surveillance radars, such as low-power High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWR) and Over the Horizon Radars (OTHR). These radars have demonstrated to be a cost-effective long-range early-warning sensor for ship detection and tracking in coastal waters, sea channels and passages. In this work, multi-target tracking and data fusion techniques are applied to live-recorded data from a network of oceanographic HFSWR stations installed in Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN), Wellen Ra

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17

Дудуш, А. С., І. І. Сачук, Сальман Оваід, and А. К. Бідун. "Science & technology trends in cognitive radar concept." Системи обробки інформації, no. 3(166) (September 24, 2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2021.166.02.

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Currently, human operators provide cognition in a radar system. However, advances in the “digitization” of radar front-ends, including digital arbitrary waveform generators (AWG) and advanced high performance embedded computing (HPEC) make it possible to vary all key radar parameters (power, pulse length, number of pulses, pulse repetition frequency (PRF), modulation, frequency, polarization) on a pulse-by-pulse basis within ns or ms and over a wide operating range. This timescale is much faster than the decision-making ability of a human operator. The cognitive-inspired techniques in radar, t

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18

Chaudhary, Sushank, Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij, Muhammad Saadi, et al. "Coherent detection-based photonic radar for autonomous vehicles under diverse weather conditions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0259438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259438.

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Autonomous vehicles are regarded as future transport mechanisms that drive the vehicles without the need of drivers. The photonic-based radar technology is a promising candidate for delivering attractive applications to autonomous vehicles such as self-parking assistance, navigation, recognition of traffic environment, etc. Alternatively, microwave radars are not able to meet the demand of next-generation autonomous vehicles due to its limited bandwidth availability. Moreover, the performance of microwave radars is limited by atmospheric fluctuation which causes severe attenuation at higher fr

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19

Shirasawa, K., N. Ebuchi, M. Leppäranta, and T. Takatsuka. "Ice-edge detection from Japanese C-band radar and high-frequency radar coastal stations." Annals of Glaciology 54, no. 62 (2013): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013aog62a007.

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AbstractA C-band sea-ice radar (SIR) network system was operated to monitor the sea-ice conditions off the Okhotsk Sea coast of northern Hokkaido, Japan, from 1969 to 2004. The system was based on three radar stations, which were capable of continuously monitoring the sea surface as far as 60 km offshore along a 250 km long coastal section. In 2004 the SIR system was closed down and a sea surface monitoring programme was commenced using high-frequency (HF) radar; this system provides information on surface currents in open-water conditions, while areas with ‘no signal’ can be identified as sea

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20

Milczarek, Hubert, Czesław Leśnik, Igor Djurović, and Adam Kawalec. "Estimating the Instantaneous Frequency of Linear and Nonlinear Frequency Modulated Radar Signals—A Comparative Study." Sensors 21, no. 8 (2021): 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082840.

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Automatic modulation recognition plays a vital role in electronic warfare. Modern electronic intelligence and electronic support measures systems are able to automatically distinguish the modulation type of an intercepted radar signal by means of real-time intra-pulse analysis. This extra information can facilitate deinterleaving process as well as be utilized in early warning systems or give better insight into the performance of hostile radars. Existing modulation recognition algorithms usually extract signal features from one of the rudimentary waveform characteristics, namely instantaneous

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21

Lengfeld, Katharina, Marco Clemens, Claire Merker, Hans Münster, and Felix Ament. "A Simple Method for Attenuation Correction in Local X-Band Radar Measurements Using C-Band Radar Data." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 11 (2016): 2315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0091.1.

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AbstractThis paper presents a novel, simple method to correct reflectivity measurements of weather radars that operate in attenuation-influenced frequency bands using observations from less attenuated radar systems. In recent years radar systems operating in the X-band frequency range have been developed to provide precipitation fields for areas of special interest in high temporal (≤1 min) and spatial (≤250 m) resolution in complement to nationwide radar networks. However, X-band radars are highly influenced by attenuation. C- and S-band radars typically have coarser resolution (250 m–1 km an

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22

Le, Minda, and V. Chandrasekar. "Ground Validation of Surface Snowfall Algorithm in GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 4 (2019): 607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0098.1.

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AbstractExtensive evaluations have been performed on the dual-frequency classification module in the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) level-2 algorithm. Both rain type classification and melting-layer detection continue to show promising results in the validations. Surface snowfall identification is a feature newly added in the classification module to the recently released version to provide a surface snowfall flag for each qualified vertical profile. This algorithm is developed upon vertical features of Ku- and Ka-band reflectivity and dual-frequenc

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23

Alattabi, Zaid R., Douglas Cahl, and George Voulgaris. "Swell and Wind Wave Inversion Using a Single Very High Frequency (VHF) Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 6 (2019): 987–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0166.1.

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AbstractA hybrid, empirical radar wave inversion technique that treats swell and wind waves separately is presented and evaluated using a single 48-MHz radar unit and in situ wave measurements. This hybrid approach greatly reduces errors in radar wave inversion during swell seas. Our analysis suggests that, prior to the inversion, the second-order spectrum should be normalized using Barrick’s weighting function because this process removes harmonic and corner reflection peaks from the inversion and improves the results. In addition, the resulting calibration constants for the wind wave compone

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24

Lipa, Barrick, and Whelan. "A Quality Control Method for Broad-Beam HF Radar Current Velocity Measurements." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 4 (2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7040112.

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This paper describes a method to provide quality control for radial velocity maps derived from radar echo voltage cross spectra measured by broad-beam high frequency radars. The method involves the comparison of voltage cross spectra measured at Doppler frequencies in the Bragg region with values predicted from basic equations defining the complex voltage cross spectra in terms of the measured antenna patterns and the radar cross section. Poor agreement at a given Doppler frequency indicates contamination of the spectra, usually due to interference; velocity results from that Doppler frequency

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25

Lukin, Konstantin, Pavlo Vyplavin, Oleg Zemlyaniy, Volodymyr Palamarchuk, and Sergii Lukin. "High Resolution Noise Radar without Fast ADC." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 2 (2012): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0019-1.

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High Resolution Noise Radar without Fast ADCConventional digital signal processing scheme in noise radars has certain limitations related to combination of high resolution and high dynamic range. The bandwidth of radar signal defines range resolution of any radar: the wider the spectrum the better the resolution. In noise radar with conventional processing the sounding and reference signals are to be digitized at intermediate frequency band and to be processed digitally. The power spectrum bandwidth of noise signal which can be digitized with ADC depends on its sampling rate. In currently avai

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26

Kirincich, Anthony. "Toward Real-Time, Remote Observations of the Coastal Wind Resource Using High-Frequency Radar." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 4 (2013): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.4.22.

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AbstractThere is now a large installed base of high-frequency (HF) coastal ocean radars in the United States able to measure surface currents on an operational basis. However, these instruments also have the potential to provide estimates of the spatially variable surface wind field over distances ranging from 10 to 200 km offshore. This study investigates the ability of direction-finding HF radars to recover spatial maps of wind speed and direction from the dominant first-order region radar returns using empirical models. Observations of radar backscatter from the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Ob

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27

Potapov, A. A., V. A. Kuznetsov, and E. A. Alikulov. "Methods for Complexing Images Formed by Multi-Band Synthetic Aperture Radars." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 3 (2021): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-3-6-21.

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Introduction. Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) are important components of aviation-based systems for remote sensing of the Earth. The current level of such systems allows simultaneous radar surveys in several frequency ranges. Such surveys require complexing of the images formed in each of the frequency channels, which task is yet to be resolved.Aim. To review the formation principles and methods for joint processing of images using space and aviation-based multi-band synthetic aperture radar systems.Materials and methods. The methodology of systems analysis, involving the integral stages of d

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28

Xu, Yanjie, Chunyang Wang, Guimei Zheng, and Ming Tan. "Nonlinear Frequency Offset Beam Design for FDA-MIMO Radar." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031476.

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The beam pattern of frequency diversity array (FDA) radar has a range–angle two-dimensional degree of freedom, which makes it possible to distinguish different targets from the same angle and brings a new approach to anti-jamming of radars. However, the beam pattern of conventional linearly frequency-biased FDA radar is range–angle-coupled and time-varying. The method of adding nonlinear frequency bias among the array elements of the FDA array has been shown to eliminate this coupling property while still allowing for better beam performance of the emitted beam. In this paper, we obtain a deco

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29

Duke, Jonathan, Eli Neville, and Jorge Vargas. "A Modulated Approach for Improving MFSK RADARS to Resolve Mutual Interference on Autonomous Vehicles (AVs)." Sensors 23, no. 16 (2023): 7192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167192.

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This paper proposes a novel automotive radar waveform involving the theory behind M-ary frequency shift key (MFSK) radar systems. Along with the MFSK theory, coding schemes are studied to provide a solution to mutual interference. The proposed MFSK waveform consists of frequency increments throughout the range of 76 GHz to 81 GHz with a step value of 1 GHz. Instead of stepping with a fixed frequency, a triangular chirp sequence allows for static and moving objects to be detected. Therefore, automotive radars will improve Doppler estimation and simultaneous range of various targets. In this pap

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30

Krasnov, Oleg A., and Alexander G. Yarovoy. "Radar micro-Doppler of wind turbines: simulation and analysis using rotating linear wire structures." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, no. 3-4 (2015): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000641.

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A simple electromagnetic model of wind-turbine's main structural elements as the linear wired structures is developed to simulate the temporal patterns of observed radar return Doppler spectra (micro-Doppler). Using the model, the micro-Doppler for different combinations of the turbines rotation frequency, radar pulse repetition frequency, and duration of the Doppler measurement interval are analyzed. The model is validated using the PARSAX radar experimental data. The model ability to reproduce the observed Doppler spectra main features can be used for development of signal-processing algorit

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Cai, Bing, Qingchen Xu, Xiong Hu, and Junfeng Yang. "Initial Results of Meteor Wind with Langfang Medium Frequency Radar." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050507.

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We conducted meteor observations during the Leonid meteor shower on 16 November 2017 and 17 November 2018 with Langfang medium frequency (MF) radar (116° E, 40° N). This was the first nighttime meteor observation by MF radar in mid-latitude China. The observation period was 12:00–22:00 (UT) and the observation range was 78–150 km. By using broad vertical beams, totally 94 and 92 meteor echoes were obtained, along with their spatial, time and height distribution. Quite a few meteor echoes are within 30° zenith angles, from the southwest direction, and with a mean height of 107 km which is almos

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Choi, Mun Gak, Dong Sik Woo, Hyun Chul Choi, and Kang Wook Kim. "High-Accuracy AM-FM Radar with an Active Reflector." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8589469.

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An amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM-FM) radar with an active reflector to produce high-accuracy distance measurements is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The proposed radar consists of an AM-FM base module and an active reflector. The combination of AM and FM modulations resolves ambiguity of the absolute distance in typical AM radars, while improving range accuracy in typical FM radars with narrow bandwidth. Also, the active reflector, which translates the frequency of the received signal, resolves the problem of phase detection interference due to the direct Tx-to-Rx l

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Hou, Yidong, Biyang Wen, Yonghuai Yang, Jing Yang, and Caijun Wang. "Two-Dimensional River Flow Patterns Observed with a Pair of UHF Radar System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4792324.

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A pair of ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radars system for measuring the two-dimensional river flow patterns is presented. The system consists of two all-digital UHF radars with exactly the same hardware structure, operating separately at 329–339 MHz and 341–351 MHz. The adoption of direct radio frequency (RF) sampling technique and digital pulse compression simplifies the structure of radar system and eliminates the distortion introduced by the analog mixer, which improves the SNR and dynamic range of the radar. The field experiment was conducted at Hanjiang River, Hubei province, China. Over a pe

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34

Franck, Anna, Dmitri Moisseev, Ville Vakkari, et al. "Evaluation of convective boundary layer height estimates using radars operating at different frequency bands." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 11 (2021): 7341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7341-2021.

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Abstract. Knowledge of the atmospheric boundary layer state and evolution is important for understanding air pollution and low-level cloud development, among other things. There are a number of instruments and methods that are currently used to estimate boundary layer height (BLH). However, no single instrument is capable of providing BLH measurements in all weather conditions. We proposed a method to derive a daytime convective BLH using clear air echoes in radar observations and investigated the consistency of these retrievals between different radar frequencies. We utilized data from three

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35

Ibragimova, Ya G., O. A. Tereshenkova, A. A. Kim, and V. S. Luginya. "Methods and tools for radio frequency locators parameters verification." Radio industry (Russia) 30, no. 2 (2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-2-8-17.

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Radio frequency locators, or radars, are one of the most common and effective devices of remote sensing of the atmosphere which are used to detect and recognize distant objects, measure their dynamic parameters, or research the properties of the atmosphere. The methods and tools for verifying their operational parameters are of great interest, since the specificity of the radar in most cases makes it difficult to verify them due to the impossibility of creating a reference atmospheric path. To date, there is no single methodology for assessing the control of the basic operational parameters of

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36

Zhu, Langfeng, Tianyi Lu, Fan Yang, Bin Liu, Lunyu Wu, and Jun Wei. "Comparisons of Tidal Currents in the Pearl River Estuary between High-Frequency Radar Data and Model Simulations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (2022): 6509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136509.

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High-frequency (HF) radar data, derived from a pair of newly developed radar stations in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) of China, were validated through comparison with in situ surface buoys, ADCP measurements, and model simulations in this study. Since no in situ observations are available in the radar observing domain, a regional high-resolution ocean model covering the entire PRE and its adjacent seas was first established and validated with in situ measurements, and then the HF radar data quality was examined against the model simulations. The results show that mean flows and tidal ellipses

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37

Arnold, Emily, Carl Leuschen, Fernando Rodriguez-Morales, et al. "CReSIS airborne radars and platforms for ice and snow sounding." Annals of Glaciology 61, no. 81 (2019): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.37.

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AbstractThis paper provides an update and overview of the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) radars and platforms, including representative results from these systems. CReSIS radar systems operate over a frequency range of 14–38 GHz. Each radar system's specific frequency band is driven by the required depth of signal penetration, measurement resolution, allocated frequency spectra, and antenna operating frequencies (often influenced by aircraft integration). We also highlight recent system advancements and future work, including (1) increasing system bandwidth; (2) miniaturizing

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38

Pazmany, Andrew L., James B. Mead, Howard B. Bluestein, Jeffrey C. Snyder, and Jana B. Houser. "A Mobile Rapid-Scanning X-band Polarimetric (RaXPol) Doppler Radar System." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 7 (2013): 1398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00166.1.

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Abstract A novel, rapid-scanning, X-band (3-cm wavelength), polarimetric (RaXPol), mobile radar was developed for severe-weather research. The radar employs a 2.4-m-diameter dual-polarized parabolic dish antenna on a high-speed pedestal capable of rotating the antenna at 180° s−1. The radar can complete a 10-elevation-step volume scan in about 20 s, while maintaining a 180-record-per-second data rate. The transmitter employs a 20-kW peak-power traveling wave tube amplifier that can generate pulse compression and frequency-hopping waveforms. Frequency hopping permits the acquisition of many mor

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39

Alvarez-Lopez, Yuri, Cebrian Garcia-Gonzalez, Carlos Vazquez-Antuna, Samuel Ver-Hoeye, and Fernando Las-Heras. "FREQUENCY SCANNING BASED RADAR SYSTEM." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 132 (2012): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier12071811.

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40

Headrick, J. M., and J. F. Thomason. "Applications of high-frequency radar." Radio Science 33, no. 4 (1998): 1045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98rs01013.

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41

Chadwick, A. "Superresolution for high-frequency radar." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 1, no. 6 (2007): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn:20060176.

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42

Seyfried, Daniel, and Joerg Schoebel. "Stepped-frequency radar signal processing." Journal of Applied Geophysics 112 (January 2015): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2014.11.003.

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43

Huo, Juan, Yongheng Bi, Bo Liu, Congzheng Han, and Minzheng Duan. "A Dual-Frequency Cloud Radar for Observations of Precipitation and Cloud in Tibet: Description and Preliminary Measurements." Remote Sensing 13, no. 22 (2021): 4685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224685.

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A new dual-frequency Doppler polarimetric cloud radar (DDCR), working at 35-GHz (Ka-band radar, wavelength: 8.6 mm) and 94-GHz (W-band radar, wavelength: 3.2 mm) frequencies, has been in operation at Yangbajing Observatory on the Tibetan Plateau (China) for more than a year at the time of writing. Calculations and field observations show that the DDCR has a high detection sensitivity of −39.2 dBZ at 10 km and −33 dBZ at 10 km for the 94-GHz radar and 35-GHz radar, respectively. The radar reflectivity measured by the two radars illustrates different characteristics for different types of cloud:

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44

Junyent, Francesc, V. Chandrasekar, V. N. Bringi, et al. "Transformation of the CSU–CHILL Radar Facility to a Dual-Frequency, Dual-Polarization Doppler System." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 6 (2015): 975–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-13-00150.1.

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Abstract This paper describes the transformation of the Colorado State University–University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CSU–CHILL) National Radar Facility from a single-frequency (S band) dual-polarization Doppler weather radar system to a dual-frequency (S and X bands) dual-polarization Doppler system with coaxial beams. A brief history regarding the development of dual-wavelength radars is first presented. In the past, dual-wavelength measurements were used to detect hail using the dual-wavelength ratio defined as the ratio of intrinsic (or attenuation corrected) X-band reflecti

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45

Yaghoubi Aliabad, Pourya, Hossein Soleimani, and Mohammad Soleimani. "Reducing the Sidelobes in Doppler-Range Beam Pattern and Controlling the Frequency Channel in SIAR." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (August 24, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3451354.

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Synthetic impulse and aperture radar (SIAR) is a multi-input multi-output orthogonal multicarrier frequency radar, kind of frequency diverse array (FDA). This radar has omnidirectional emission in the transmitter and each receiver or receiving array can form a beam. The 4D matched filter of this radar’s circular arrays can reveal the range, elevation angle, azimuth angle, and Doppler. The existence of a high sidelobe in the range-Doppler is one of the significant challenges of this radar, and pulse-to-pulse frequency code non-agile (PPFCNA) and pulse-to-pulse frequency code agile (PPFCA) are o

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46

Zhao, Hong-Ze, Guang-Hui Wei, Xiao-Dong Pan, Xue Du, and Xu-Xu Lyu. "Pseudo-Signal Interference Regularity of Single-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation to Stepped-Frequency Radar." Electronics 11, no. 17 (2022): 2768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172768.

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When typical radar equipment is subjected to single-frequency electromagnetic radiation, the radar display interface forms a pseudo-signal, resulting in the misjudgment of real targets. Based on the working principle of stepped-frequency radar ranging, the effect mechanism of radar equipment pseudo-signal interference is revealed. Taking a Ku band stepped-frequency ranging radar as the test object, the pseudo-signal interference effect test of single-frequency electromagnetic radiation is carried out in this study. The pseudo-signal level value of 6 dBmV is selected as the sensitive criterion

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47

Lombardo, F., F. Napolitano, F. Russo, G. Scialanga, L. Baldini, and E. Gorgucci. "Rainfall estimation and ground clutter rejection with dual polarization weather radar." Advances in Geosciences 7 (February 16, 2006): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-7-127-2006.

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Abstract. Conventional radars, used for atmospheric remote sensing, usually operate at a single polarization and frequency to estimate storm parameters such as rainfallrate and water content. Because of the high variability of the drop size distribution conventional radars do not succeed in obtaining detailed information because they just use horizontal reflectivity. The potentiality of the dual-polarized weather radar is investigated, in order to reject the ground-clutter, using differential reflectivity. In this light, a radar meteorology campaign was conducted over the city of Rome (Italy),

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48

Lakshmi, K. Jansi, and K. Surya Narayana Reddy. "Implementation of High Speed Self Switching Frequency Agile RADAR." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 3, no. 1 (2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v3.i1.pp11-17.

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<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong><a href="mailto:suryak1986@yahoo.com"></a></strong></p></div><strong> </strong>The radar has to resist diversified jamming; High Speed self-adaptive frequency agility is an important and effective function for radars to resist jamming. The procedure to achieve this function are described, and the function is realized with FPGA using Hardware description Language, the validity is proved by on- line sampling and simulation. The High speed self-adaptive frequency agility module can analyze the type of

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49

Cao, Yu Peng, Yang Zhang, Jun Luo, et al. "Simulation Detection Power of Shore-Based Radar under the Influence of Sea Clutter." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1200.

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According to the principle of electromagnetic wave propagation and the model of radar multipath propagation, this paper established radar detection power model in natural space under the impact of sea clutter, and on condition that conducting simulations to study detection power of shore-based radars on different altitudes and different operating frequencies. Simulation results indicate that when the radar operating frequency is constant, with the erection height increases, the detection range will increase at the same time, while significantly reduced about blind region. When the radar erecti

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50

Mercuri, Marco, Paweł Barmuta, Ping Jack Soh, Paul Leroux, and Dominique Schreurs. "Monostatic continuous-wave radar integrating a tunable wideband leakage canceler for indoor tagless localization." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 8 (2017): 1583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717000551.

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Continuous-wave (CW) radars have been recently investigated in healthcare aiming at contactless health monitoring. However, a major problem in monostatic CW architectures is represented by the unwanted leakage produced by poor isolation between transmitter and receiver, which can drastically decrease the receiver's sensitivity reducing therefore the radar dynamic range. Although this situation can be easily controlled in case of narrowband CW radar by an appropriate passive microwave design, it becomes much more complicated in case of stepped-frequency CW and frequency-modulated CW architectur

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