Статті в журналах: "Front Face Flash Method"

1

Forero-Sandoval, I. Y., N. W. Pech-May, and J. J. Alvarado-Gil. "Measurement of the thermal transport properties of liquids using the front-face flash method." Infrared Physics & Technology 93 (September 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2018.07.009.

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Hay, B., J. R. Filtz, J. Hameury, G. Davée, L. Rongione, and O. Enouf. "Thermal-Diffusivity Measurement of Ceramic Coatings at High Temperature using “Front-Face” and “Rear-Face” Laser Flash Methods." International Journal of Thermophysics 30, no. 4 (January 31, 2009): 1270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-009-0560-z.

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3

Vadathya, Anil Kumar, Salma Musaad, Alicia Beltran, Oriana Perez, Leo Meister, Tom Baranowski, Sheryl O. Hughes, et al. "An Objective System for Quantitative Assessment of Television Viewing Among Children (Family Level Assessment of Screen Use in the Home-Television): System Development Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 5, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): e33569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33569.

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Background Television viewing among children is associated with developmental and health outcomes, yet measurement techniques for television viewing are prone to errors, biases, or both. Objective This study aims to develop a system to objectively and passively measure children’s television viewing time. Methods The Family Level Assessment of Screen Use in the Home-Television (FLASH-TV) system includes three sequential algorithms applied to video data collected in front of a television screen: face detection, face verification, and gaze estimation. A total of 21 families of diverse race and ethnicity were enrolled in 1 of 4 design studies to train the algorithms and provide proof of concept testing for the integrated FLASH-TV system. Video data were collected from each family in a laboratory mimicking a living room or in the child’s home. Staff coded the video data for the target child as the gold standard. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for each algorithm, as compared with the gold standard. Prevalence and biased adjusted κ scores and an intraclass correlation using a generalized linear mixed model compared FLASH-TV’s estimation of television viewing duration to the gold standard. Results FLASH-TV demonstrated high sensitivity for detecting faces (95.5%-97.9%) and performed well on face verification when the child’s gaze was on the television. Each of the metrics for estimating the child’s gaze on the screen was moderate to good (range: 55.1% negative predictive value to 91.2% specificity). When combining the 3 sequential steps, FLASH-TV estimation of the child’s screen viewing was overall good, with an intraclass correlation for an overall time watching television of 0.725 across conditions. Conclusions FLASH-TV offers a critical step forward in improving the assessment of children’s television viewing.

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Pech-May, Nelson W., Caridad Vales-Pinzón, Alejandro Vega-Flick, Ángel Cifuentes, Alberto Oleaga, Agustín Salazar, and Juan J. Alvarado-Gil. "Study of the thermal properties of polyester composites loaded with oriented carbon nanofibers using the front-face flash method." Polymer Testing 50 (April 2016): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.12.011.

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5

Groz, Marie-Marthe, Mohamed Bensalem, Alain Sommier, Emmanuelle Abisset-Chavanne, Stéphane Chevalier, Arsenii Chulkov, Jean-Luc Battaglia, Jean-Christophe Batsale, and Christophe Pradere. "Estimation of Thermal Resistance Field in Layered Materials by Analytical Asymptotic Method." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 30, 2020): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072351.

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In this paper, the problem of the quantitative characterization of thermal resistance fields in a multilayer sample is addressed by using the classical front face flash method as the thermal excitation and infrared thermography (IRT) as the monitoring sensor. In this challenging problem, the complete inverse processing of a multilayer analytical model is difficult due to the lack of sensitivity of some parameters (layer thickness, depth of thermal resistance, etc.) and the expansive computational iterative processing. For these reasons, the proposed strategy is to use a simple multilayer problem where only one resistive layer is estimated. Moreover, to simplify the inverse processing often based on iterative methods, an asymptotic development method is proposed here. Regarding the thermal signal reconstruction (TSR) methods, the drawback of these methods is the inability to be quantitative. To overcome this problem, the method incorporates a calibration process originating from the complete analytical quadrupole solution to the thermal problem. This analytical knowledge allows self-calibration of the asymptotic method. From this calibration, the quantitative thermal resistance field of a sample can be retrieved with a reasonable accuracy lower than 5%.

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Khaldirian, M. F., A. P. Rahardjo, D. Luknanto, and R. D. R. Sondi. "An Alternative Algorithm for Simulating Flash Flood." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012076.

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Abstract Most of the approaches in numerical modeling techniques are based on the Eulerian coordinate system. This approach faces difficulty in simulating flash flood front propagation. This paper shows an alternative method that implements a numerical modeling technique based on the Lagrangian coordinate system to simulate the water of debris flow. As for the interaction with the riverbed, the simulation uses an Eulerian coordinate system. The method uses the conservative and momentum equations of water and sediment mixture in the Lagrangian form. Source terms represent deposition and erosion. The riverbed in the Eulerian coordinate system interacts with the flow of the mixture. At every step, the algorithm evaluates the relative position of moving nodes of the flow part to the fixed nodes of the riverbed. Computation of advancing velocity and depth uses the riverbed elevation, slope data, and the bed elevation change computation uses the erosion or deposition data of the flow on the moving nodes. Spatial discretization is implementing the Galerkin method. Furthermore, temporal discretization is implementing the forward difference scheme. Test runs show that the algorithm can simulate downward, upward, and reflected backward 1-D flow cases. Two-D model tests and comparisons with SIMLAR software show that the algorithm works in simulating debris flow.

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Duquesne, Loys, Christophe Lorrette, Christophe Pradère, Gérard Louis Vignoles, and Jean-Christophe Batsale. "A flash characterisation method for thin cylindrical multilayered composites based on the combined front and rear faces thermograms." Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal 13, no. 2 (June 2, 2016): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2016.1165958.

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Pech-May, Nelson Wilbur, Arantza Mendioroz, and Agustín Salazar. "Generalizing the flash technique in the front-face configuration to measure the thermal diffusivity of semitransparent solids." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 10 (October 2014): 104902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897619.

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9

Peng, Wanyue, and Richard B. Wilson. "Thermal model for time-domain thermoreflectance experiments in a laser-flash geometry." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 13 (April 7, 2022): 134301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082549.

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Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) is a well-established pump–probe method for measuring thermal conductivity and interface conductance of multilayers. Interpreting signals in a TDTR experiment requires a thermal model. In standard front/front TDTR experiments, both pump and probe beams typically irradiate the surface of a multilayer. As a result, existing thermal models for interpreting thermoreflectance experiments assume that the pump and probe beams both interact with the surface layer. Here, we present a frequency-domain solution to the heat-diffusion equation of a multilayer in response to nonhomogeneous laser heating. This model allows analysis of experiments where the pump and probe beams irradiate opposite sides of a multilayer. We call such a geometry a front/back experiment to differentiate such experiments from standard TDTR experiments. As an example, we consider a 60nm amorphous Si film. We consider how signals differ in a front/front vs front/back geometry and compare thermal model predictions to experimental data.

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Pech-May, Nelson Wilbur, Ángel Cifuentes, Arantza Mendioroz, Alberto Oleaga, and Agustín Salazar. "Simultaneous measurement of thermal diffusivity and effusivity of solids using the flash technique in the front-face configuration." Measurement Science and Technology 26, no. 8 (July 16, 2015): 085017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/26/8/085017.

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11

MATSUMOTO, Yoshiji. "Multi-Circular Face Shield Tunneling Method : New Technology for Urban Geo-Front." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 91, no. 839 (1988): 1098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.91.839_1098.

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12

Sonobe, Yohei, Takuichiro Ino, Akihide Saimoto, Md Abdul Hasib, Atsuhiro Koyama, and Giora Shatil. "Analysis of Planar Crack Coalescence by Mesh-Free Body Force Method." Key Engineering Materials 754 (September 2017): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.161.

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In a standard body force method analysis, a mesh division is required to define the boundary of a problem and to solve a governing equation using discretization procedure. However, in the present study, a moving least square strategy is introduced to define a weight function for the density of body force doublet and therefore a crack analysis is carried out without providing a standard mesh-division. Hence, the standard crack face elements are not required at all. A variety of 3D crack problems can be analyzed simply by providing a data that only de nes a crack front. Besides the nodal points for crack front, several internal nodes are generated on the crack face to represent a distribution of unknown function. At the internal nodes, an unknown variable is assigned which uniquely de ne a distribution of the relative crack face displacement. In the present approach, a crack problem is formulated as a singular integral equation whose unknown is a value of the weight function at the internal nodal points. A crack growth can be simulated directly by changing the shape of crack front, by means of adding a new nodal point in the vicinity of the current crack front. In the present paper, the proposed method is used to simulate a coalescence of interacting planar cracks.

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Hasegawa, Hiroki, Hiromichi Ohta, Hiroyuki Shibata, and Yoshio Waseda. "Recent Development in the Investigation on Thermal Conductivity of Silicate Melts." High Temperature Materials and Processes 31, no. 4-5 (October 30, 2012): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0085.

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AbstractAccurate values of thermal conductivity of the silicate melts systematically measured as a function of chemical composition are necessary to understand a mechanism of heat transfer in the silicate melts. Hot wire method and laser flash methods have been used to measure thermal conductivity or thermal diffusivity of oxides melts at high temperatures. Laser flash method has been improved to measure thermal diffusivity of oxides melts with high accuracy. However the effects of radiative heat transfer and low electrical resistivity of samples have been made it difficult to derive precise values. To overcome these difficulties, a front-heating front-detection laser flash method with use of high time resolution detector has been proposed. The temperature response at the bottom surface of thin platinum cell containing sample irradiated by pulse laser is measured. The measurement techniques used for measurement oxide melts are compared. Then, thermal conductivity of Al2O3-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 silicate melts was measured at temperature up to 1830 K. Thermal conductivity of the molten silicate shows insignificant temperature dependence for all investigated melts. A fairly good correlation has been found between the thermal conductivity and the value of NBO/T (Non-Bridging Oxygen ions/Tetrahedrally coordinated cation) calculated from the chemical composition. The thermal conductivity increases with decrease of NBO/T for small NBO/T value and becomes constant for larger NBO/T value.

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LI, SHIGANG, and FUJI REN. "REALIZING FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION BY VIEW-BASED TRACKING." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 01, no. 02 (June 2002): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021962200200018x.

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In this paper, we propose a method of realizing face-to-face interaction by view-based tracking between a human and a mobile robot. Although individuals can be recognized easily by observing frontal faces, it is difficult to do it from profiles of face. To cope with this problem, our mobile robot first finds face-like areas based upon the skin color distribution which is made from real image samples. Second, a facial pattern in the image is found and its direction relative to the robot is estimated in terms of the memorized views. Finally, the mobile robot moves to the front of the face according to the face direction while tracking the face by using visual feedback based upon active vision approach.

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Leksir, Abdeslem. "Oil well casing cement flash setting problem causes and identification strategy based on cheese model." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (April 28, 2020): 3363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00882-9.

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Abstract This paper deals with oil well cementing flash setting problem definition, interpretation and localization via PABM (phenomenon analysis-based method) and Swiss cheese model investigation. Cementing is the most critical job throughout the well realization process; it presents the face of the well during production or abandonment. Within cement job some, problems come out and could lead to lose the well objectives, and it can be classified as cementing program’s awkward or operational hitches. This work is oriented toward operational stage, even if cement program and preparation seem in the rules of the art, the execution stage can interrupt the smooth running of cement job. Flash setting is one of the most critical problems that could be occurred, and it can be recognized by the prior increases in pressure to reach unpumpable stage. Identifying flash setting phenomenon and distinguishing them from other operational comportment stay hard task and present the heart of this work. Consequences could be varied from simple cement left inside casing to total free pipe of the annulus. PABM together with cheese model is proposed to be used for deep analysis of flash setting problems and points out the real causes, if they exist, rather than flash setting. The method proposed includes five steps, description of the operation, phenomenon, assumptions, cheese model and conclusion. The three first steps construct operation scrutiny, and the fourth step represents PABM. In this latter method, assumptions will pass through a selective process made from operation facts, and only the adequate assumption reaches the last layer of the model. Practical cases have been detailed to point out the merit of this method and distinguishing flash setting from other related cement problems.

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Ohta, Hiromichi, Hiroyuki Shibata, and Takeshi Kasamoto. "Estimation of Heat Transfer of a Front-heating Front-detection Laser Flash Method Measuring Thermal Conductivity for Silicate Melts at High Temperatures." ISIJ International 46, no. 3 (2006): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.46.434.

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Hasegawa, Hiroki, Yasuhiro Hoshino, Takeshi Kasamoto, Yuuki Akaida, Takaya Kowatari, Yasuhiro Shiroki, Hiroyuki Shibata, Hiromichi Ohta, and Yoshio Waseda. "Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Some Synthetic Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 Slags by Means of a Front-Heating and Front-Detection Laser-Flash Method." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 43, no. 6 (August 23, 2012): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-012-9702-y.

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Hasegawa, Hiroki, Takaya Kowatari, Yasuhiro Shiroki, Hiroyuki Shibata, Hiromichi Ohta, and Yoshio Waseda. "Thermal Conductivity of Molten Silicate of Al2O3-CaO-Na2O-SiO2 Measured by Means of a Front Heating-Front Detection Laser Flash Method." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 43, no. 6 (October 18, 2012): 1413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-012-9745-0.

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Guo, Yudong, Juyong Zhang, Yihua Chen, Hongrui Cai, Zhangjin Huang, and Bailin Deng. "Real-time face view correction for front-facing cameras." Computational Visual Media 7, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41095-021-0215-y.

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AbstractFace views are particularly important in person-to-person communication. Differenes between the camera location and the face orientation can result in undesirable facial appearances of the participants during video conferencing. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable when using devices where the front-facing camera is placed in unconventional locations such as below the display or within the keyboard. In this paper, we take a video stream from a single RGB camera as input, and generate a video stream that emulates the view from a virtual camera at a designated location. The most challenging issue in this problem is that the corrected view often needs out-of-plane head rotations. To address this challenge, we reconstruct the 3D face shape and re-render it into synthesized frames according to the virtual camera location. To output the corrected video stream with natural appearance in real time, we propose several novel techniques including accurate eyebrow reconstruction, high-quality blending between the corrected face image and background, and template-based 3D reconstruction of glasses. Our system works well for different lighting conditions and skin tones, and can handle users wearing glasses. Extensive experiments and user studies demonstrate that our method provides high-quality results.

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Jovanović, Jelena, and Dragan Denić. "A Cost-effective Method for Resolution Increase of the Twostage Piecewise Linear ADC Used for Sensor Linearization." Measurement Science Review 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2016-0005.

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Abstract A cost-effective method for resolution increase of a two-stage piecewise linear analog-to-digital converter used for sensor linearization is proposed in this paper. In both conversion stages flash analog-to-digital converters are employed. Resolution increase by one bit per conversion stage is performed by introducing one additional comparator in front of each of two flash analog-to-digital converters, while the converters’ resolutions remain the same. As a result, the number of employed comparators, as well as the circuit complexity and the power consumption originating from employed comparators are for almost 50 % lower in comparison to the same parameters referring to the linearization circuit of the conventional design and of the same resolution. Since the number of employed comparators is significantly reduced according to the proposed method, special modifications of the linearization circuit are needed in order to properly adjust reference voltages of employed comparators.

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Kungumadevi, Lakshmanan, and Ramakrishnan Sathyamoorthy. "Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of PbTe Thin Films Prepared by Simple Flash Evaporation Method." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/763209.

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Lead telluride (PbTe) films have been prepared on glass substrates by flash evaporation method. Structure of the film is found to possess stable face-centered cubic (fcc) NaCl phase in which the grains predominantly grow in the direction of (200) plane. The calculated grain size was in the range 19 nm. The electrical resistivity as a function of temperature was measured using four-probe technique. The electrical conductivity was calculated, and the value is found to be from 67.11 to 344.82 S/cm in the temperature range 303–453 K. The value of mobility was evaluated, and it is found to be0.329×10-3 cm2·V−1 S−1. An optical study reveals that the PbTe thin films exhibit large blue shift. The optical constants such as absorption coefficient and refractive index have been estimated, and the results are discussed.

22

Du, Jun, Zhi Rong Mei, and Yong Zhao Chen. "Tunnel Face Stability Study in Soft Shallow Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.170.

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With Xiamen Jiaheyuan underground access as the project background, tunnel face stability of soft shallow tunnel was analyzed under the condition of no pre-reinforcement by means of three-dimensional finite element method. The results indicated that the ground was relaxed because the tensile stress appeared in front and top of tunnel face after excavation, at the same time, the ground into the plastic state around the tunnel face. From the point of view of deformation, the displacement of tunnel face were such as the longitudinal horizontal displacement reached the maximum, the vertical deposition following by, and the lateral horizontal displacement being the least. Further analysis showed that the longitudinal horizontal displacement in front of tunnel face mostly produced at 1.0D (one excavation width) distance before tunnel face, the maximum displacement was located at the center of tunnel face. The conclusions remind that engineers also pay attention to the tunnel face reinforcement in front and top of tunnel face to minimize the impact of surface environment during tunnel construction in soft shallow tunnels.

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Asih, Siti Wulan, Ida Rahmah Andansari, Ely Widayati, and Didik Murwantono. "Learning Speaking Using Flash Cardboard: English as a Foreign Language Students’ Perception." JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning) 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v5i1.1542.

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Flash cardboard is one of the media used for speaking, especially in storytelling. Teaching by using media is very necessary for learning because it greatly influences the results of the learning process. This research wants to know English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ perception after they learned storytelling using flash cardboard as a media. This was phenomenological research. This research used semi-structured interviews with some students who used flash cardboard in learning storytelling. Purposive sampling was used in this research. The result shows that the student got positive impacts facilitated by the flash cardboard media, they became more confident in speaking in front of the class, they were not involved because flash cardboard helped them, students also supported speaking fluently, they can produce more than 190 words per minute (wpm) but not necessarily perfect command of intonation, vocabulary, and grammar. By using flash cardboard as the media, the media can be an alternative method in learning English specifically speaking class because it forces students to speak (really make them speak) following the target language. In the end, it can also be concluded that learning English using flash cardboard media can improve students' language skills and speaking skills. The students maintain their ability in speaking smoothly not necessarily perfect command of intonation, vocabulary, and of course the grammar. The recommendation for further study is the other researchers can add the respondents with another English skill.

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Kang, Youngjo, Joonho Lee, and Kazuki Morita. "Comment on “Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Some Synthetic Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 Slags by Means of a Front-Heating and Front-Detection Laser-Flash Method”." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 44, no. 6 (October 12, 2013): 1321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-013-9933-6.

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Liu, Quan Ming. "Study on Numerical Simulation of Fully Mechanized Top Coal’s Caving Property of Tang Gong Ta Coal Mine." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.410.

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Using numerical simulation method,fully mechanized top coal’s caving property of Tang gong ta coal mine was studied.The results show at primary mining period of fully mechanized working face, there were stress concentration regions at the front and rear of coal wall,but it was not distinct in the front and top coal’s caving property was not ideal.When it advanced to 84m of the working face,there would be obvious peak stress at the front and rear of coal wall. It accelerated top coal’s caving.When it advanced to 140m of the working face,top coal was caved with coal mining.Finally it was proved on the scene. The results of the study in fully mechanized mining’s safety and efficiency has some guiding role.

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Suryowinoto, A., T. Herlambang, R. Tsusanto, and F. A. Susanto. "Prototype of an Automatic Entrance Gate Security System Using a Facial Recognition Camera Based on The Haarcascade Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2117, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2117/1/012015.

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Abstract This article aims to test a facial recognition-based front door security system, which can also convey relevant information to the owner’s mobile phone via an SMS gateway. This system is necessary to prevent unwanted criminal activity by the owner. The method used is Hercascade as face recognition for security. Use a set of webcam settings to compare human face objects in the background with face data already stored in the database. Capture images using a Raspberry PI connected to a USB webcam for the sensor, move the front door using a servomotor as a drive, and own the system in the form of a short message from basic communication process data Notify to. There is also an ultrasonic sensor as an activation system to detect human objects when they approach the door and invade. Based on the results of 90 tests on a system with varying distances of objects on the camera (30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm), the average pass rate of the tests is 91.11%. We can conclude that face recognition by the Hercassette method can be applied as an entrance security system.

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NI, FEI, ZHUANG FU, QIXIN CAO, and YANZHENG ZHAO. "A NEW METHOD FOR FACIAL FEATURES QUANTIFICATION OF CARICATURE BASED ON SELF-REFERENCE MODEL." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 22, no. 08 (December 2008): 1647–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001408006867.

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Some facial features that differ from an ordinary face should be identified by a computer when generating a facial caricature. These distinctive facial features are called self-features. Compared with traditional Mean Face Model (MFM) that is unable to quantify these self-features well, a Self-Reference Model (SRM) is presented in this paper. Firstly, based on the physiology structure of a front face, a self-reference is found, and this reference is used to measure the self-features. According to the self-reference, some standard facial parameters are worked out by collecting statistic data of many facial images. Then, in an input face image, by evaluating some differences between the input face and the standard facial parameters, the self-features are properly estimated and quantified. Finally, by analyzing some caricatures produced by caricaturists, the SRM can prove the validity of the proposed Algorithm.

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Li, Lifeng, Gan Li, Weili Gong, Jiong Wang, and Huilin Deng. "Energy Evolution Pattern and Roof Control Strategy in Non-Pillar Mining Method of Goaf-Side Entry Retaining by Roof Cutting—A Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 7029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247029.

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This article focuses on the energy density alteration during non-pillar mining method of goaf-side entry retaining by roof cutting (GERRC) and adjacent working face mining. We also studied the support control strategy of goaf-side roadway. Numerical calculation model is established, and the parameters of the model are verified by the measured advance abutment pressure and numerical solution. Based on the numerical model, the energy density during mining is studied. It is found that the whole energy evolution pattern of the goaf side entry during the two adjacent working face mining includes: the original rock energy, the advance energy of the current working face, the dynamic lateral abutment energy caused by strata movement, the lateral abutment energy of the adjacent working face. The support body failure and surrounding rock large deformation phenomenon often occur in goaf side roadway, which is influenced by multiple energy disturbances. Research shows that strong stress disturbance of surrounding rock generates in front of the working face 23 m and behind of working face 60 m in GERRC method. In the second goaf-side entry retaining, the range is in front of the working face 47 m. The evolution law of energy field puts forward the strategy of using the high constant resistance and large deformation (CRLD) anchor cable and procured preferable effect.

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Rodríguez, N., M. C. Ortiz, L. A. Sarabia, and A. Herrero. "A multivariate multianalyte screening method for sulfonamides in milk based on front-face fluorescence spectroscopy." Analytica Chimica Acta 657, no. 2 (January 2010): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.048.

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Alvarado, Ulises, Anna Zamora, Jinfang Liu, Jordi Saldo, and Manuel Castillo. "Rapid Quantification of Riboflavin in Milk by Front-Face Fluorescence Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Study." Foods 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010006.

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The front-face fluorescence spectroscopy technique was used to establish a rapid prediction model of riboflavin concentration in milk without prior sample preparation. The prediction model developed was then compared with two conventional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based quantification methods. The method of standard addition allowed detecting a linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and riboflavin concentration in 12% (w/w) reconstituted low-heat milk powder. Validation of the model yielded an R2 of 0.99 with a standard error of prediction of 0.13 mg/L. The results suggest a potential use of front-face fluorescence spectroscopy as a simple method for off- and in-line determinations of riboflavin in milk.

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Yang, Zhao Nan, and Shu Zhang. "Research on Face Recognition Technology of Real-Time Video High Performance Similarity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2160.

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A new similarity measurement standard is proposed, namely background similarity matching. Learning algorithm based on kernel function is utilized in the method for feature extraction and classification of face image. Meanwhile, a real-time video face recognition method is proposed, image binary algorithm in similarity calculation is introduced, and a video face recognition system is designed and implemented [1-2]. The system is provided with a camera to obtain face images, and face recognition is realized through image preprocessing, face detection and positioning, feature extraction, feature learning and matching. Design, image preprocessing, feature positioning and extraction, face recognition and other major technologies of face recognition systems are introduced in details. Lookup mode from top down is improved, thereby improving lookup accuracy and speed [3-4]. The experimental results showed that the method has high recognition rate. Higher recognition rate still can be obtained even for limited change images of face images and face gesture with slightly uneven illumination. Meanwhile, training speed and recognition speed of the method are very fast, thereby fully meeting real-time requirements of face recognition system [5]. The system has certain face recognition function and can well recognize front faces.

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Xia, Jiang Tao, Cheng Zhong Yang, and Shu Fang Wang. "The Application of Geological Radar in Forecasting the Adverse Geological in Metamorphic Rock Area Tunnel Construction." Advanced Materials Research 531 (June 2012): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.543.

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Accurately surveying out the fault, facture zone, water status and other bad geological phenomenon is the key problems for safety and quality in tunnel construction. Based on the different dielectric electrical differences in characteristics, applying geological radar detected the adverse geological in front of the tunnel face and analyzed. The results show the rock in front of tunnel face is broken, the bedding joint is developed, and there is jointed intensive moisture content with the local rich water. In construction process, the support should be strengthened, excavation method should be adjusted)

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Muhamad, Sidik, Bimo Wicaksono, and Barlian Dwinagara. "METODE AHP DALAM PEMILIHAN STRATEGI PADA AKTIFITAS PENAMBANGAN FRONT PRODUKSI PT CSD: PENAMBANGAN FULL FACE DAN TOP HEADING AND BENCHIN." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.45.

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ABSTRAK PT CSD dikategorikan sebagai marginal ore deposit dengan kadar berkisar 6 gpt mengacu pada klasifikasi kadar emas di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, strategi penambangan menjadi pertimbangan penting untuk mendapatkan nilai yang lebih ekonomis (Purwanto, 2015). Berdasarkan laporan investigasi geoteknik, ratio tekanan in-situ vertikal dan horizontal di Cibaliung adalah 4.8 MPa:9.2 Mpa atau 1:2, yang berarti tekanan horizontal di Cibaliung dua kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tekanan vertikalnya (Campi dan Dugan, 2004). Secara sederhana bisa disimpukan bahwa strategi untuk mempercepat aktifitas produksi secara aman lebih baik dilakukan penambahan ketinggian pada bukaan front produksi dari pada memperlebar dimensi bukaan. Dari sudut pandang biaya pengerjaan bukaan front, biaya metode full face lebih murah ketimbang metode top heading and benching. Adapun untuk tingkat keamanan maka berlaku sebaliknya (Bin Zhu dan Xiaojing Shi, 2013). Analisa keekonomisan pada kegiatan penambangan perlu juga mempertimbangkan tonase ore yang terekstrak/perolehan logam Au untuk menentukan skema mana yang paling sesuai. Pemilihan skema penambangan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan menggunakan tiga kriteria (kestabilan, biaya penambangan, tonase ore) dan empat pilihan skema (full face 1, full face 2, THB 1 dan THB 2). Hasil perhitungan menggunakan metode AHP didapatkan peringkat skema tertinggi sampai terendah: full face 1 (0.343), THB 2 (0.260), THB 1 (0.215), full face 2 (0.182). Kata Kunci: analisa kestabilan, studi keekonomisan, metode AHP, strategi penambangan ABSTRACT PT CSD is categorized as a marginal ore deposit with ore grade around 6 ppm, based on the classification of gold grade in Indonesia. Therefore, the mining strategy is an important consideration to get a more economical value (Purwanto, 2015). Based on the geotechnical investigation report, the ratio of vertical and horizontal in-situ pressure in Cibaliung is 4.8 MPa: 9.2 Mpa or 1: 2, which means the horizontal pressure in Cibaliung is twice as high as its vertical pressure (Campi and Dugan, 2004). In simple terms it can be concluded that the strategy to accelerate production activities safely is heightening rather than widening the dimension of the production stope. From the point of view of tunnel/stope construction cost, the cost of the full face method is cheaper than the top heading and benching method. As for the security level, the opposite applies (Bin Zhu and Xiaojing Shi, 2013). Economic analysis in mining activities also needs to consider the tonnage of ore extracted / Au produced for deciding which scheme is appropriate. The selection of mining schemes uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method using three criteria (stability, mining costs, ore tonnage) and four scheme options (full face 1, full face 2, THB 1 and THB 2). The results of calculations using the AHP method obtained the highest to lowest scheme ratings: full face 1 (0.343), THB 2 (0.260), THB 1 (0.215), full face 2 (0.182). Key Words: stability analyses, economic study, AHP method, mining strat

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Zhang, Bang’an, Yushun Yang, and Dongming Zhang. "Study on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Overlying Strata in the Deep Coal Mining Process." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (October 6, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4914531.

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This study adopts the stress relief method to test the in situ stress in the field to obtain the in situ stress distribution characteristics of no. 2 + 3# coal seam. A three-dimensional model was established with the no. S3012 working face as the engineering background, and the measured in situ stress values were applied to the three-dimensional model, and the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of coal and rock mass around the stope during coal seam mining were studied. The specific conclusions are as follows: the three-dimensional stress distribution map in front of, behind, and on both sides of the working face in the process of coal mining are obtained. As the working face goes on, the maximum value of the supporting stress formed in front of, behind, and on both sides of the working face shifts to the corner, presenting a “hump-like” distribution. The stress concentration coefficient of front, back, and both sides of stope increases linearly with the increase of the mining size. Under the same mining size, the stress concentration coefficient in front of stope is the smallest, and the stress concentration coefficient on both sides is the largest. The three-dimensional displacement field distribution nephogram of overlying strata in the process of coal mining is obtained. With the continuous advance of the working face, the roof strata of coal seam undergo the continuous dynamic subsidence process, and the roof subsidence increases continuously, showing the shape of “bowl” with sharp bottom. In the process of working face mining, the roof displacement of coal seam showed an “O” shape evolution characteristic. The three-dimensional distribution cloud map of the plastic zone of coal and rock mass in the process of the working face mining was obtained, and the failure volume of the plastic zone gradually increases with the continuous progress of the working face.

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Aakash, Verma. "Excavation Method Implemented in Atal (Rohtang) Tunnel: Case Study." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36463.

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Structurally dynamic, youthful collapsed mountains; The Himalayas are loaded with full of geological surprises, involving issues, folds, shear zones and so forth that shows their quality because of progressing structural exercises in the Himalayas. In feature of Atal tunnel, these issues increments multifold due to high overburden of the material and also careful topographical and geotechnical investigations at different scales. This makes vulnerability in planning a specific emotionally supportive network and requests for "structure as you go" approach for whole passage length (8.8km). DRESS (Drainage-Reinforcement-Excavation-Support-Solution) philosophy of excavation is very powerful in water bearing issue zones of delicate Himalayan district. DRESS includes pre-seepage of ground in front of face with long waste gaps and adjustment of the crown in front of passage face by steel pipe umbrella curve, up to a foreordained length, trailed by exhuming in little strides by mechanical methods and backing thereof. Numerous troublesome issues have been experienced during construction which was unpredicted initially. One such issue is an experience of Seri Nala. Due to differing conduct of rock mass, continuous update of rock mass is constantly required. NATM is dependent on disfigurement observing information to assess amount and nature of emotionally supportive network, has end up being a fitting apparatus for tunneling in the youthful Himalayas. This paper depicts the consolidation of NATM as well as DRESS method in the unearthing of Atal Tunnel, Himachal Pradesh, India

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Anand, Diksha, and Kamal Gupta. "Face Spoof Detection System Based on Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Intelligence Technique: A Review." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v8i6.722.

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Face recognition is an alternative means to authenticate a person in different applications for access control. Instead of many improvements, this method is prone to various attacks like photos, 3D masks and video replay attack. Due to these attacks, system should require a face spoof detection system. A face spoof detection systems have an ability to identify whether a face is from a real person or a fake image. Face spoofing effect the image by adding deformation in it and also degrades the image pattern quality. Face spoofing detection system automatically identifies the human face is a true face or a fake face. In today's era, face recognition method is widely used to authenticate the face (like for unlocking mobile phones etc.) and providing access to the services or facilities but some intruders use various trick to crack the authentication system by presenting the false face in front of the authentication system, so it become necessity to prevent our face authentication system from face spoofing attack. So the choice of the technique to detect the face spoofing attack should be accurate and highly efficient.

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Jung, Sungmo, and Seoksoo Kim. "A Study on Improved Real-Time Eye Region Detection Method for More Realistic Facial Expressions Recognition." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.471.

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Many 3D films use technologies of facial expression recognition. In order to use the existing technologies, a large number of markers shall be attached to a face, a camera is fixed in front of the face, and movements of the markers are calculated. However, the markers calculate only the changes in regions where the markers are attached, which makes difficult realistic recognition of facial expressions. Therefore, this study extracted a preliminary eye region in 320*240 by defining specific location values of the eye. And the final eye region was selected from the preliminary region. This study suggests an improved method of detecting an eye region, reducing errors arising from noise.

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Zeng, Bin, and Hong Zhou. "Formation Mechanism Analysis of Cataclastic Texture Rock Landslide Based on Discrete Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.558.

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Since a long time of excavation, the slope in Yang-mountain of Suzhou Province became a high and steep slope which has 260m difference in height, on top of this slope there is a high risky cataclastic texture bedrock landslide. Based on geologic investigation of the landslide, combined with 3DEC numerical simulation, the paper gave a comprehensive analysis on formation precondition, evolution procedure, failure model and mechanism from the points of topographic feature, structure evolution history, lithology and external influence. It is shown that the free face in front of the landslide, weak quartz porphyry dike in front of the sliding zone, cataclastic rock structure formed by nappe structure are the main factors which control the formation and failure mode of the landslide.

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Yu, Wei Jian, Tao Feng, and Gang Ye Guo. "Numerical Analysis on Ground Pressure Feature in Fully Mechanized Coal Face." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 2299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.2299.

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Base on the fully mechanized coal face of 8113 (1) in LaoYingSan mine, numerical analysis method was applied to analyze the ground pressure feature, FLAC software is carried out to set up numerical model, and offer numerical procedure. The mining abutment pressure distribute form and its partition in front of fully mechanized working face. All four different mining height (2.6m2.8m3.0m3.2m) was respectively calculated. In addition, the influence of mining speed to mining abutment pressure and intervals is analyzed, four different mining distance (20m30m40m50m) selected separately. Afterwards, the different solution analyzed respectively, these results show that the mining abutment pressure distribution form in front of fully mechanized working face essentially identical, they including the stress increasing zones, the stress decreasing zones and the initial rock stress stable field. The influence of mining pace to wall rock looseness range greater than mining height.

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Ma, Yizhou B., and Jayendra K. Amamcharla. "A rapid method to quantify casein in fluid milk by front-face fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 1 (January 2021): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18799.

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Dufour, Éric, Jean Pierre Frencia, and Elhousseynou Kane. "Development of a rapid method based on front-face fluorescence spectroscopy for the monitoring of fish freshness." Food Research International 36, no. 5 (January 2003): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-9969(02)00174-6.

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Ma, Yizhou B., Inès Birlouez-Aragon, and Jayendra K. Amamcharla. "Development and validation of a front-face fluorescence spectroscopy-based method to determine casein in raw milk." International Dairy Journal 93 (June 2019): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.02.004.

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Chugui, Yuri V. "THE CONSTRUCTIVE METHOD FOR CALCULATING OF FRAUNHOFER'S DIFFRACTION PICTURES AND IMAGES OF 3D-OBJECT REFLECTIVE VOLUMETRIC EDGE." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 8 (May 21, 2021): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-8-64-73.

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In analytical form, the peculiarities of forming Fraunhofer diffraction patterns and images of faces of a volumetric asymmetric edge of an object with an absolutely reflective internal surface in relation to dimensional inspection were investigated. Formulas were obtained for calculating fields in diffraction-limited systems depending on the magnitude of the bevel of the object c , the phase shift j of the wave reflected from the inner surface of the object, and the angular aperture of the coherent optical system for forming and filtering images. It has been established that for metal 3D-objects (j = p), the value of the field in the image of the back face at a point, corresponding to the position of its border is negligible with the depth of focus of the system much less than the thickness of the object. It is shown that when bevels of an object, much less than the size of the Fresnel zone d ~ ( l - wavelength of light, d - thickness of the object) and more than the depth of focus, the displacement of the intensity profile in the image of the front face is proportional and depends on the angle j. With large bevels, when and, the displacement of the front face boundary is inversely proportional to the value. These displacements can lead to systematic errors in measuring the position of the boundaries of the faces of a 3D-object and should be taken into account in precision dimensional inspection.

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Wahyuni, Linda, Hardianto Hardianto, and Rika Rosnelly. "Learning Media Implementation Training At SDN No.101763 Klumpang Kampung." JUDIMAS 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30700/jm.v2i1.1166.

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Learning media at this time are very much needed in the world of education both in schools and lectures, such as macromedia flash applications that are implemented in various types of animation, for example motion animation, sound, video and so on. The research discussed is using motion tweening animation, animation that changes shape and shifts objects. The implemented learning media provides benefits for teachers and students who take part in the training, where there are still many teachers and students who do not understand about making animation using Macromedia Flash. From the results of the training, the benefits of this service activity include improving the skills of teachers and students in being creative in making animations and being able to implement them in schools. The learning method is carried out in students' classrooms using an introduction to animation making tutorial with slides and presentations in front, accompanied by computers related to animation making training materials

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Doss, D. J., and N. T. Wright. "Simultaneous Measurement of the Orthogonal Components of Thermal Diffusivity in PVC Sheet." Journal of Heat Transfer 122, no. 1 (June 18, 1999): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.521433.

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An extension of the flash method is described that measures simultaneously the three orthogonal components of thermal diffusivity in specimens of moderate thermal diffusivity. Only part of the top face of the specimen is illuminated and the temperature histories are recorded at three points on the bottom face. A Marquardt parameter estimation algorithm coupled with a finite difference model of the diffusion equation analyzes these temperature histories to determine the components of thermal diffusivity. Illustrative measurements in stainless steel, glass, and PVC demonstrate that accurate three-dimensional thermal diffusivity measurements can be made in this way. The in-plane components of thermal diffusivity of as-supplied PVC sheet are shown to be about 20 percent greater than the out-of-plane component. This anisotropy appears to be due to the manufacturing process and exemplifies the need for such measurements. [S0022-1481(00)70101-0]

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Yuan, Pei, Qinghui Zeng, Zhenglin Lei, Yixiao Wu, Yanli Lu, and Chaolong Hu. "Experimental and numerical study of heat transfer and flow characteristics with different placement of the multi-deck display cabinet in supermarket." Open Physics 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2021-0023.

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Abstract This work focuses on the heat transfer and flow characteristics with the different placement of the multi-deck display cabinet and tries to optimize the placement position of refrigerated display cabinet. First, the temperature distribution in a refrigerated display cabinet was experimentally investigated. The result showed that the food temperature in front is 3.6–4.8°C higher than back row of the same layer, and temperature fluctuation of 0.3–0.7°C less than the back row. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model of the display cabinet was established, and the k–ε model is employed to compare and analyze the heat transfer and air curtain characteristics. The results show that the placement methods have great influence on the performance of the display cabinet. The face-to-back placement method can acquire a better food refrigeration performance, and the food temperature of the face-to-back placement method is 0.3–0.5°C lower than that of the face-to-face placement method.

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Yu, Guangyuan, Jiong Wang, Zimin Ma, Wei Ming, and Xingen Ma. "A New Method for Controlling Rockbursts in the Mining Roadway of Ultrathick Coal Seams Based on the Dual Pressure Relief Method." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 28, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7565004.

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To control rockbursts in mining roadways in ultrathick coal seams, a new method for preventing rockbursts through dual pressure relief by roof cutting through cumulative blasting in medium-deep boreholes from the conveyor gateway and return airway was proposed. The mechanical characteristics of key overlying strata of the working face under the effect of dual pressure relief were theoretically investigated. Furthermore, a mathematical relationship between the roof-cutting depth and the advanced abutment pressure on the working face was established to reveal the mechanism of dual pressure relief in controlling rockbursts. Moreover, the effect of the dual pressure relief method on controlling rockbursts was validated through numerical simulation and field testing. Results showed that artificially increasing the caving height of gangues in goaf based on the dual pressure relief method can restrict the subsidence of key strata, thus reducing the advanced abutment pressure of the working face; the method influences a range of 20 m in front of the working face along the strike and areas 30 m away from the two roadways along the dip. The average energy density of coal in the side of the conveyor gateway is decreased by 15.4%, while that in the side of return airway is reduced by 13.8% within the range of influence. The field test results indicated that the average pressure on support declines by 21.4% within 30 m from the working face to the conveyor gateway, while it decreases by 20.5% within that region 25 m from the return airway by using the dual pressure relief method. After conducting dual pressure relief, the total number of microseismic (MS) events during mining of the working face is decreased by 25.4%. The number of MS events with energy release exceeding 103 J falls by 36.6%, while the number of events releasing less than 103 J is increased by 28.6%. The characteristics of MS energy release change from coexistence of low-energy events and a small number of high-energy events to the occurrence of numerous low-energy events. Results can verify the effectiveness of the dual pressure relief method in controlling rockbursts in the mining roadway of ultrathick coal seams.

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Chen, Shao Jie, Wei Jia Guo, Hai Long Wang, and Bo Li. "Optimization Study of Advance Support in the Roadway of Paste Filling Working Face." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3702.

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On the basis of the field measurement, the characteristics of advance strata behavior are analyzed in the past filling working face and the advance support method is optimized in the roadway. The practical measure researches show that, because the paste filling supports the overlying strata of the goaf availably, the strata behaviors of 2351 paste filling working face in Daizhuang coalmine are not obvious; And the protective pillar bears a little load, The strata behaviors in non-production side are smaller than that in production side. The overlying strata gravity mainly acts on the coal wall in front of the face and the paste filling in the goaf. The value and main influence range of advance stress in front of the face is quite small and the main influence range is less than 15m. According to the advance strata behavior characteristics of the paste filling working face, the advance support of the track roadway is changed from 3 rows to 2 rows. And the support length of each row reduces from 20m to 15m. The advance support after optimizing can reduce the labor intensity greatly and improve the working efficiency of backfill mining.

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Zhang, Xiao Peng, Yan Qiang Chen, Huai Nian Xing, Li Qiang Jin, and Da Li. "A Simple and Sensitive Method of Monitoring Crack and Load in Three-Point Bending Fracture Mechanics Specimens Using Strain Gages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.902.

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In fatigue crack growth experiment and fracture toughness test, the crack length measurement is very important. Here, this paper proposes a new method for measuring crack length, namely in the case of a known load, according to the strain on the front end face of the three point bending specimen would be to get crack length.

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Nikolaiev, V. A. "INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF THE CONSOLE KNIFE SURFACE WITH THE SOIL." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-3-340-350.

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Introduction. In Russia the use of cyclical equipment to remove the top layer of the soil is not feasible. The problem of the roads construction accelerating, improving their quality can be solved by applying a continuous action unit to form a litter layer. The main working bodies of the unit are buckets, including lower knives, right knives and console knives. A console knife contains the edge of the blade, the front face of the blade, the surface and the lower plane. The analysis of the interaction with the ground elements of the continuous action unit console knife is of theoretical and practical interest.The method of research. A consistent impact of many console knives on the ground within the width of the capture unit by the impact of one conventional console knife on the ground at a distance needed to develop one cubic meter of soil is replaced. The interaction forces of the conventional console knife with the ground are called conventional forces. The method of calculating energy costs when introducing a console knife into the ground is presented: to overcome the pressure of the ground on the front face of the console knife, to lift the ground, to vertical acceleration of the soil of the front bevel, to overcome the friction of the ground on the front face and to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane of the console knife. The total energy costs of the interaction of the console knife with the ground volume of one cubic meter are obtained by the addition of private energy expenditures.Results. On the basis of the developed method, energy costs are calculated when introducing a console knife into the ground: to overcome the pressure of the ground on the front face of the console knife, to lift the ground, to vertical acceleration of the soil of the front bevel, to overcome the friction of the ground on the front face and to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane of the console knife. The total energy costs and their structure when the console knife interacts with the ground volume of one cubic meter are defined. The horizontal longitudinal force needed to move the console knife has been determined.Conclusion. The total energy needed to cut the ground with console knives is about 20 kJ/cub.m. At the same time energy costs for the interaction of console knives blades edges with soil about 7,000 J/cub.m, on the interaction of the packing console knives blades with the ground about 6,000 J/cub.m, to overcome the ground friction on the lower plane of the console knife 7, 000 J/cub.m. To determine the total energy costs of cutting the ground with buckets of the unit to remove the top layer of the soil from the underlying layer of the road, the interaction with the soil of other elements of the bucket is necessary to be analyzed.

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