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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Fsp1"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Fsp1"

Nwagala, P. N., S. A. Bankole, and O. A. F. Ilusanya. "Isolation and molecular characterization of cellulase-producing bacteria from waste dump site." Scientia Africana 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v23i1.6.

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Cellulases are collections of extracellular enzymes and a complex mixture of enzyme proteins with various specificities. Cellulases work together to hydrolyze glycosidic bonds and generate monomers of glucose for fermentation. This investigation aims to isolate and molecularly characterize Bacillus species with cellulolytic ability. Bacillus species were isolated from soil samples retrieved from a dump site and screened for cellulolytic ability on carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) agar. The percentage hydrolysis efficiency of isolates was determined and cellulase produced was quantified using CMC assay method. Biochemical identification was by Analytical Profile Index (API) Kit 50CHB/20E and API web software while molecular characterization employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and blast search analysis. Bacillus megaterium (FSP1) and Bacillus zanthoxyli (FSP4) exhibited their cellulolytic potentials by presenting zones of clearance of about 21 ± 2.08 and 7 ± 1.00 mm on CMCA with hydrolysis efficiency of 250 and 600 % respectively. Quantification of crude cellulase revealed cellulase activity of 85 and 74μmol/ml for both bacteria species. Biochemically, the cellulolytic bacteria were identified as Bacillus megaterium (FSP1) and Bacillus zanthoxyli (FSP4) while molecularly, they were identified as Bacillus megaterium 14581 (FSP1) and Bacillus zanthoxyli 1433 (FSP4) with Reference Sequence (RefSeq) accession numbers NR_116873 and NR_164882, and showing maximum sequence similarity of 99 and 96 % respectively. Results obtained from this investigation, suggests that both bacteria species characterised, possesses good cellulolytic ability and hence can be utilized for the production of the enzyme cellulase which has a wide range of industrial application.

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Kong, Ping, Panagiota Christia, Amit Saxena, Ya Su, and Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis. "Lack of specificity of fibroblast-specific protein 1 in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305, no. 9 (November 1, 2013): H1363—H1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00395.2013.

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Understanding the role of fibroblasts in pathologic conditions is hampered by the absence of specific markers. Fibroblast-specific protein (FSP)1 has been suggested as a fibroblast-specific marker in normal and fibrotic tissues; FSP1 reporter mice and FSP1-Cre-driven gene deletion are considered reliable strategies to investigate fibroblast biology. Because fibroblasts are abundant in normal and injured mammalian hearts, we studied the identity of FSP1+ cells in the infarcted and remodeling myocardium using mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression driven by the FSP1 promoter. Neonatal and adult mouse hearts had low numbers of FSP1+ cells. Myocardial infarction induced marked infiltration with FSP1-expressing cells that peaked after 72 h of reperfusion. Using flow cytometry, we identified 50% of FSP1+ cells as hematopoietic cells; many endothelial cells were also FSP1+. Increased infiltration with FSP1+ cells was also noted in the pressure-overloaded myocardium. Although some FSP1+ cells had fibroblast morphology, >30% were identified as hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells, or vascular smooth muscle cells. In contrast, periostin did not stain leukocytes or vascular cells but labeled spindle-shaped interstitial cells and, as a typical matricellular protein, was deposited in the matrix. CD11b+ myeloid cells sorted from the infarcted heart had higher FSP1 expression than corresponding CD11b-negative cells, highlighting the predominant expression by hematopoietic cells. FSP1 is not a specific marker for fibroblasts in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis.

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Hou, Wanyun, Puze Long, Xilin Liu, Fahui Liu, Jiadong Liang, Yunmei Huang, Qunying Su, Lihe Jiang, and Chunying Luo. "CISD2 protects against Erastin induced hepatocellular carcinoma ferroptosis by upregulating FSP1." Oncologie 25, no. 3 (March 30, 2023): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0074.

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Abstract Objectives CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) is essential to maintain iron (Fe) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) can protect cells from ferroptosis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Here, we investigate the role and potential mechanism of CISD2 and FSP1 in ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Human HCC cells were exposed to ferroptosis inducer Erastin, and the expression changes of CISD2 and FSP1 during ferroptosis were detected. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of overexpression of CISD2 on ferroptosis and FSP1 expression in HCC cells. Finally, we also investigated the effect of overexpression of FSP1 on ferroptosis in HCC cells. Results Erastin induced ferroptosis in hepatoma cells, and HepG2 cells were sensitive to Erastin. In addition, it was found that the expression of CISD2 was significantly upregulated and the expression of FSP1 was significantly downregulated in Erastin treated HepG2 cells. Subsequently, CISD2 was found to be highly expressed in HCC tissues, and overexpression of CISD2 reversed ferroptosis induced by Erastin in HepG2 cells and upregulated the expression of FSP1. Meanwhile, FSP1 showed a low expression level in HCC tissues and cells, and overexpression of FSP1 could reverse the ferroptosis induced by Erastin in HepG2 cells. Conclusion CISD2 and FSP1 are involved in the ferroptosis process of HCC induced by Erastin. CISD2 protects against the ferroptosis of HCC induced by Erastin by upregulating the expression of FSP1.

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Nakamura, Toshitaka, Eikan Mishima, Naoya Yamada, André Santos Dias Mourão, Dietrich Trümbach, Sebastian Doll, Jonas Wanninger, et al. "Integrated chemical and genetic screens unveil FSP1 mechanisms of ferroptosis regulation." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 30, no. 11 (November 2023): 1806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41594-023-01136-y.

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AbstractFerroptosis, marked by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, may present an Achilles heel for the treatment of cancers. Ferroptosis suppressor protein-1 (FSP1), as the second ferroptosis mainstay, efficiently prevents lipid peroxidation via NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of quinones. Because its molecular mechanisms have remained obscure, we studied numerous FSP1 mutations present in cancer or identified by untargeted random mutagenesis. This mutational analysis elucidates the FAD/NAD(P)H-binding site and proton-transfer function of FSP1, which emerged to be evolutionarily conserved among different NADH quinone reductases. Using random mutagenesis screens, we uncover the mechanism of action of next-generation FSP1 inhibitors. Our studies identify the binding pocket of the first FSP1 inhibitor, iFSP1, and introduce the first species-independent FSP1 inhibitor, targeting the NAD(P)H-binding pocket. Conclusively, our study provides new insights into the molecular functions of FSP1 and enables the rational design of FSP1 inhibitors targeting cancer cells.

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Lee, Jaewang, and Jong-Lyel Roh. "Unleashing Ferroptosis in Human Cancers: Targeting Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 for Overcoming Therapy Resistance." Antioxidants 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061218.

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Анотація:

Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid peroxidation, has gained increasing attention in cancer therapy. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), an NAD(P)H-ubiquinone oxidoreductase that reduces ubiquinone to ubiquinol, has emerged as a critical player in the regulation of ferroptosis. FSP1 operates independently of the canonical system xc–/glutathione peroxidase 4 pathway, making it a promising target for inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells and overcoming ferroptosis resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FSP1 and ferroptosis, emphasizing the importance of FSP1 modulation and its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. We also discuss recent progress in developing FSP1 inhibitors and their implications for cancer therapy. Despite the challenges associated with targeting FSP1, advances in this field may provide a strong foundation for developing innovative and effective treatments for cancer and other diseases.

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Österreicher, Christoph H., Melitta Penz-Österreicher, Sergei I. Grivennikov, Monica Guma, Ekaterina K. Koltsova, Christian Datz, Roman Sasik, Gary Hardiman, Michael Karin, and David A. Brenner. "Fibroblast-specific protein 1 identifies an inflammatory subpopulation of macrophages in the liver." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 1 (December 20, 2010): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1017547108.

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Cirrhosis is the end result of chronic liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are believed to be the major source of collagen-producing myofibroblasts in cirrhotic livers. Portal fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) might also contribute to the myofibroblast population in damaged livers. Fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1, also called S100A4) is considered a marker of fibroblasts in different organs undergoing tissue remodeling and is used to identify fibroblasts derived from EMT in several organs including the liver. The aim of this study was to characterize FSP1-positive cells in human and experimental liver disease. FSP1-positive cells were increased in human and mouse experimental liver injury including liver cancer. However, FSP1 was not expressed by HSC or type I collagen-producing fibroblasts. Likewise, FSP1-positive cells did not express classical myofibroblast markers, including αSMA and desmin, and were not myofibroblast precursors in injured livers as evaluated by genetic lineage tracing experiments. Surprisingly, FSP1-positive cells expressed F4/80 and other markers of the myeloid-monocytic lineage as evaluated by double immunofluorescence staining, cell fate tracking, flow cytometry, and transcriptional profiling. Similar results were obtained for bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages. FSP1-positive cells were characterized by increased expression of COX2, osteopontin, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines but reduced expression of MMP3 and TIMP3 compared with Kupffer cells/macrophages. These findings suggest that FSP1 is a marker of a specific subset of inflammatory macrophages in liver injury, fibrosis, and cancer.

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Strutz, F., H. Okada, C. W. Lo, T. Danoff, R. L. Carone, J. E. Tomaszewski, and E. G. Neilson. "Identification and characterization of a fibroblast marker: FSP1." Journal of Cell Biology 130, no. 2 (July 15, 1995): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.130.2.393.

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We performed subtractive and differential hybridization for transcript comparison between murine fibroblasts and isogenic epithelium, and observed only a few novel intracellular genes which were relatively specific for fibroblasts. One such gene encodes a filament-associated, calcium-binding protein, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1). The promoter/enhancer region driving this gene is active in fibroblasts but not in epithelium, mesangial cells or embryonic endoderm. During development, FSP1 is first detected by in situ hybridization after day 8.5 as a postgastrulation event, and is associated with cells of mesenchymal origin or of fibroblastic phenotype. Polyclonal antiserum raised to recombinant FSP1 protein stained the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, but not epithelium. Only occasional cells stain with specific anti-FSP1 antibodies in normal parenchymal tissue. However, in kidneys fibrosing from persistent inflammation, many fibroblasts could be identified in interstitial sites of collagen deposition and also in tubular epithelium adjacent to the inflammatory process. This pattern of anti-FSP1 staining during tissue fibrosis suggests, as a hypothesis, that fibroblasts in some cases arise, as needed, from the local conversion of epithelium. Consistent with this notion that FSP1 may be involved in the transition from epithelium to fibroblasts are experiments in which the in vitro overexpression of FSP1 cDNA in tubular epithelium is accompanied by conversion to a mesenchymal phenotype, as characterized by a more stellate and elongated fibroblast-like appearance, a reduction in cytokeratin, and new expression of vimentin. Similarly, tubular epithelium submerged in type I collagen gels exhibited the conversion to a fibroblast phenotype which includes de novo expression of FSP1 and vimentin. Use of the FSP1 marker, therefore, should further facilitate both the in vivo studies of fibrogenesis and the mapping of cell fate among fibroblasts.

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Okada, Hirokazu, Theodore M. Danoff, Raghuram Kalluri, and Eric G. Neilson. "Early role of Fsp1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): F563—F574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.4.f563.

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A seamless plasticity exists among cells shifting between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes during early development and again later, in adult tissues, following wound repair or organ remodeling in response to injury. Fsp1, a gene encoding a fibroblast-specific protein associated with mesenchymal cell morphology and motility, is expressed during epithelial-mesenchymal transformations (EMT) in vivo. In the current study, we identified several cytokines that induce Fsp1 in cultured epithelial cells. A combination of these factors, however, was most efficacious at completing the process of EMT. The optimal combination identified were two of the cytokines classically associated with fibrosis, i.e., transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). To confirm that it was the induction of Fsp1 by these cytokines mediating EMT, we used antisense oligomers to block Fsp1 production and subsequently measured cell motility and markers of EMT phenotype. The antisense oligomers suppressed Fsp1 expression and epithelial transformation; therefore, we conclude that the appearance of Fsp1 is an important early event in the pathway toward EMT.

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Gotorbe, Célia, Jérôme Durivault, Willian Meira, Shamir Cassim, Maša Ždralević, Jacques Pouysségur, and Milica Vučetić. "Metabolic Rewiring toward Oxidative Phosphorylation Disrupts Intrinsic Resistance to Ferroptosis of the Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells." Antioxidants 11, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122412.

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Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has been reported as one of the major targets for ferroptosis induction, due to its pivotal role in lipid hydroperoxide removal. However, recent studies pointed toward alternative antioxidant systems in this context, such as the Coenzyme Q-FSP1 pathway. To investigate how effective these alternative pathways are in different cellular contexts, we used human colon adenocarcinoma (CRC) cells, highly resistant to GPX4 inhibition. Data obtained in the study showed that simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of GPX4 and FSP1 strongly compromised the survival of the CRC cells, which was prevented by the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. Nonetheless, this could not be phenocopied by genetic deletion of FSP1, suggesting the development of resistance to ferroptosis in FSP1-KO CRC cells. Considering that CRC cells are highly glycolytic, we used CRC Warburg-incompetent cells, to investigate the role metabolism plays in this phenomenon. Indeed, the sensitivity to inhibition of both anti-ferroptotic axes (GPx4 and FSP1) was fully revealed in these cells, showing typical features of ferroptosis. Collectively, data indicate that two independent anti-ferroptotic pathways (GPX4-GSH and CoQ10-FSP1) operate within the overall physiological context of cancer cells and in some instances, their inhibition should be coupled with other metabolic modulators, such as inhibitors of glycolysis/Warburg effect.

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Dixit, Vishwa, Yun-Hee Youm, Hyunwon Yang, Christo Venkov, Nancy Manley, Eric Nielson, Todd Leff, and Bolormaa Vandanmagsar. "Origin of Thymic Adipocytes in Aging: Incidental to Thymopoiesis or Instigator of Immunosenescence? (132.22)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 132.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.132.22.

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Abstract Vishwa Deep Dixit, Yun-Hee Youm, Hyunwon Yang, Christo Venkov, Nancy R Manley, Eric Nielson, Todd Leff, Bolormaa Vandanmagsar By 50 years of age most of human thymus is replaced with adipocytes of unknown provenance and uncertain function. We investigated the lineage and mechanism of thymic adipocyte formation during aging and asked whether manipulating these pathways regulates thymic function. Using.We demonstrate that indelibly LacZ marked FoxN1 thymic epithelial cells transition to give rise to local tissue fibroblasts via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)process. Importantly, we found an age-related increase in pro-EMT regulator FSP1 and pro-adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ in thymus. Consistent with these findings, a subset of FoxN1LacZ+ cells are FSP1+ with large unilocular lipid droplet, typical of adipocyte phenotype. Furthermore, aged FSP1.GFP reporter mice revealed that the sorted FSP1+ thymic fibroblasts lack TEC signatures and express PPARγ, indicative of adipogenic lineage commitment. Notably, overexpression of constitutive-active PPARγ in FSP1+ adipogenic lineage cells led to increased thymic adipogenesis and reduced thymopoiesis. Conversely, inhibition of EMT and thymoadipogenesis via anti-aging intervention, caloric restriction prevented thymic aging and immunosenescence. Future longevity studies using specific genetic manipulation of these pathways may provide a definitive answer to the puzzle of age-related thymic adiposity and involution.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Fsp1"

Gotorbe, Célia. "Contexte métabolique derrière la résistance à la ferroptose des cellules cancéreuses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ6036.

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En 2012, la ferroptose a été défini comme une mort cellulaire régulée dépendante du fer, associée à une augmentation de l'hydroperoxydation des acides gras polyinsaturés (PUFA) de la membrane cellulaire. L'accumulation de lipides hydroperoxydes induit une perte de l'intégrité et de la perméabilité des membranes, conduisant à la mort par explosion. La voie antioxydante impliquant : le transporteur de cystine (xCT), le glutathion (GSH) et la GSH peroxydase 4 (GPX4) a été reconnue comme un axe central anti-ferroptotique de la cellule. Jusqu'à récemment, on pensait que la détoxification des lipides hydroperoxydes était la caractéristique unique de GPX4. Cependant, différentes données soutiennent que la résistance à l'inhibition de GPX4 n'est pas si rare, en particulier dans les cellules cancéreuses hyperplastiques.Ainsi, l'objectif de ma thèse était d'étudier comment le métabolisme énergétique pouvait altérer la sensibilité à l'inhibition de GPX4 dans le cancer. Trois hypothèses ont été étudiés 1) le rôle des voies alternatives pour la détoxification des lipides hydroperoxydes ; 2) le switch métabolique glycolytique diminuant la production interne des ROS ; 3) l'adhésion cellulaire à la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) confère de la résistance aux signaux de stress.Dans un premier temps, j'ai étudié l'importance des voies alternatives impliquées dans la détoxification des lipides hydroperoxydes, tel que la Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) et son enzyme de régénération - « ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 » (FSP1). Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé des lignées cellulaires d'adénocarcinome du côlon, connues pour leur grande résistance à de nombreux agents altérant la cellule. Nos données ont confirmé que la résistance de ces lignées cellulaires était étendue aux agents inducteurs de ferroptose tels que RSL3 (inhibiteur de GPX4) ou iFSP1 (inhibiteur de FSP1). Néanmoins, le phénotype ferroptotique a été induit une fois la combinaison de ces deux agents, suggérant que GPX4 et CoQ10 peuvent être utilisés de manière interchangeable par la cellule. Étonnamment, la délétion génétique de FSP1 combinée à l'inhibition de GPX4 n'a pas induit le même effet, suggérant la possibilité d'une autre adaptation à l'inhibition chronique de FSP1.Par la suite, j'ai alors étudié le contexte cellulaire permettant une adaptation à ces inhibitions au sein des cellules FSP1-KO. Cette étude a montré que les cellules cancéreuses sont capables de survivre à l'inhibition à la fois de GPX4 et de FSP1 par le biais du switch métabolique vers la glycolyse, diminuant ainsi la production interne de ROS. L'utilisant de cellules Warburg-nul à fond génétique FSP1-KO a permis de révéler un phénotype ferroptotique, comparable à celui après inhibition pharmacologique de GPX4 et FSP1.Pour finir, j'ai étudié l'effet protecteur sur la ferroptose de l'attachement cellulaire à la MEC. Pour ce faire, nous avons altéré cette connexion par la délétion de la sous unité 3 de l'intégrine-v3, connue pour son rôle dans la résistance à la radiothérapie des cellules. Nos données montrent clairement que cette délétion impacte les défenses antioxydantes des cellules cancéreuses. En effet, nous avons observé que la signalisation induite par l'intégrine-v3 permettait aux cellules de maintenir une forte expression de GPX4, très probablement en affectant directement le centre cellulaire général du capteur de nutriments et de la synthèse protéique, « mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 » (mTORC1). Par conséquent, les cellules 3-KO ont montré une sensibilité plus élevée à la ferroptose induite par radiations.Collectivement, les résultats obtenus au cours de ma thèse indiquent que deux voies anti-ferroptotique indépendantes (GPX4-GSH et CoQ10-FSP1) sont interchangeables ainsi que dans le contexte métabolique plus large de la cellule cancéreuse. Ainsi, l'induction de la ferroptose pour le traitement du cancer devrait être couplée à des modulateurs métaboliques
In 2012, ferroptosis had been contextualized as a novel, iron-dependent regulated type of cell death associated with increase of hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the cell membrane. The accumulation of lipids hydroperoxides disrupts the plasma membrane integrity and selective permeability, leading to cell bubbling and death by explosion. During the past decade, antioxidant pathway involving: the cystine transporter (xCT), glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) had been recognized as a central anti-ferroptotic axis of the cell. Until recently, it has been believed that detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides is the unique feature of GPX4; however, accumulating amount of data argues that it might not be the case. Namely, studies showed that resistance to GPX4 inhibition is not so rare, especially in the hyperplastic cancer cells.Thus, the main goal of my thesis was to investigate how energetic metabolism could alter sensitivity to GPX4 inhibition in different cancer types. Three major hypotheses have been investigated: 1) alternative pathway for lipid hydroperoxides detoxification; 2) switch from oxidative to glycolytic phenotype (decrease of internal ROS production); 3) cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) conferring resistance to many stress signals.In the first part of my thesis, I investigated the importance of the alternative pathway involved in detoxification of the lipid hydroperoxides, comprised of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its regenerating enzyme - ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). To investigate this issue, we used colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, notoriously known as highly resistance to many different cell-damaging agents. Data presented here confirmed that the resistance of this cell lines was extended to ferroptosis-inducing agents such as RSL3 (GPX4 inhibitor) or iFSP1 (FSP1 inhibitor). Nonetheless, the ferroptotic phenotype was revealed once the combination of the agents targeting both GPX4 and FSP1 was applied. This clearly suggested that GPX4 and CoQ10 can be used by the cell interchangeably. Surprisingly, FSP1 genetic deletion combined with GPX4 inhibition did not induce the same effect suggesting another possible adaptation to chronic inhibition of FSP1.Thus, in the second part of my thesis I investigated cellular context that permit adaptation of the cancer cell to the inhibition of both anti-ferroptotic pathways by using FSP1-KO cells. The consequent work showed that the cancer cells can survive dual inhibition of GPX4 and FSP1 by switching their metabolism toward glycolysis and thereby decreasing the internal production of ROS. By using glycolysis-null FSP1-KO cells we succeeded to reveal the ferroptotic phenotype, comparable with the one observed upon pharmacological inhibition of FSP1 and GPX4.Finally, the third part of my thesis interrogated the protective effect that cell-to-matrix attachment has on the ferroptosis induction. To investigate this issue, we compromised this connection through the deletion of b3 subunit of the integrin-avb3, known to be important for cell resistance to radiotherapy and relapse. Our data clearly showed that this intervention significantly compromised antioxidant defense of the cancer cell. More precisely, we showed that signaling stemming from avb3 cells, allows cells to maintain high expression of GPX4, most likely by directly affecting the general cellular hub of nutrient sensor and protein synthesis, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Consequently, b3-KO cells showed significantly higher sensitivity to ferroptosis induced by radiation.Collectively, data obtained during my PhD thesis indicate that in the case of cancer cells, two independent anti-ferroptotic pathways (GPX4-GSH and CoQ10-FSP1) operate within the overall physiological context and in some instances, their inhibition have to be coupled with other metabolic modulators, such as inhibitors of glycolysis or cell-to-matrix attachment

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Rolland-Turner, Magali. "Développement d'un vaccin immunocontraceptif : mise au point de tests immunologiques dans le modèle vulpin et développement de vaccins ADN avec les antigènes spermatiques fSP13 et fSP8." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11303.

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Le but de ce travail était tout d'abord, la mise au point d'outils immunologiques permettant l'analyse de la réponse immune humorale et cellulaire chez le renard (Vulpes vulpes). Après avoir sélectionné des anticorps reconnaissant les différentes classes d'immunoglobuline de renard, le modèle antigénique ovalbumine et choléra toxine B a été utilisé pour mettre au point les techniques ELISA et ELISPOT. Quatre cytokines vulpines Il2, Il6, Il10 et INFy ont été clonées et séquencées, et une technique d'analyse de leur expression par RT-PCR quantitative, après re-stimulation antigénique in vitro de PBMCs vulpins a été mise au point. Par la suite, différents vaccins ADN utilisant le vecteur vaccinaI commercial pVAX1 et les antigènes spermatiques spécifiques du testicule fSP13 et fSP8 identifiés au laboratoire ont été construits. La fonctionnalité de celles-ci à tout d'abord été testée in vitro pour l'expression de fSP 13 et fSP8 après transfection de cellules MDCK.

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Gonçalves, Joel. "Soldagem pontual por fricção (FSpW) de poliamida 6." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7314.

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Friction Spot Welding (FSpW) is an innovative technique developed and patented in 2005 by the Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG) research center in Germany. FSpW uses the friction between a rotating tool and the workpieces to generate heat enough to cause diffusion across the interface to consolidate the weld. This new welding technology has been tested and optimized with the objective of produce overlap weld joints between two polyamide 6 plates. Full factorial design of experiments (24) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed to explain the effects of weld parameters as rotational speed (RS), welding time (WT), plunge depth (PP), holding pressure time (HPT) and the interactions between these main parameters on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical strength of the joints. The rotational speed (RS) and welding time (WT), within the limits studied, had greater influence on the mechanical single lap shear strength of the joints that achieved up to 26 MPa. This behavior was related to the higher heat generation during the weld, reaching temperatures of up to 275°C, thereby increasing the welded area. The parameter holding pressure time (HPT), designed in this study allowed the cooling and solidification of the polymer under pressure, improving the weld surface finishing and avoiding defects as voids in the weld area. The most common failure for the joints with higher mechanical strength was the fracture of one of the plates while the joints with lower mechanical strength showed interface shear failure. The degree of crystallinity of PA6 in the welded area did not show a significant difference as compared to the base material. The molecular weight of PA6 in the welded area was reduced in the worst case 7% as compared to the base material (Mv = 41.800 g/mol), and that reduction occurred linearly with the increase of the temperature during the welding; however, that low degree of degradation was not found to affect the mechanical strength of the joints. These characteristics emphasize the potential of this FSpW as an alternative to the current welding methods for polyamide 6.
A Soldagem Pontual por Fricção (FSpW) foi desenvolvida e patenteada pela Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), na Alemanha. A FSpW é uma técnica de soldagem pontual que ocorre por meio da fricção de uma ferramenta, com movimentos rotacional e axial, através das amostras, gerando aquecimento suficiente para fundir e misturar localmente o(s) polímero(s), com posterior consolidação sob pressão. Este estudo teve como principal objetivo investigar o uso da FSpW na fabricação de juntas pontuais entre chapas de poliamida 6 (PA6) sobrepostas. Experimentos do tipo fatorial completo (24) e análise de variância (ANOVA) possibilitaram a compreensão dos efeitos dos parâmetros de soldagem, velocidade de rotação (VR), tempo de soldagem (TS), profundidade de penetração da ferramenta (PP), tempo de consolidação (TC), e de suas interações, sobre características microestruturais e a resistência mecânica das juntas. Os parâmetros velocidade de rotação (VR) e tempo de soldagem (TS), dentro dos limites estudados, apresentaram maior influência sobre a resistência mecânica das juntas, alcançando 26 MPa. Este comportamento foi relacionado à maior geração de calor durante a soldagem, atingindo temperaturas de até 275oC, consequentemente, aumentando a área soldada. A utilização do parâmetro tempo de consolidação (TC), idealizado neste estudo, possibilitou o resfriamento e solidificação do polímero sob pressão, melhorando o acabamento superficial da solda e evitando a formação de defeitos. Juntas com maiores valores de resistência ao cisalhamento sob tração apresentaram maior probabilidade de falha por fratura de uma das chapas, enquanto que juntas menos resistentes falharam por separação das chapas. O grau de cristalinidade da PA6 nas soldas não sofreu variação significativa e observou-se um decréscimo de até 7% na massa molar da PA6 em relação ao material de base (Mv = 41.800 g/mol) que ocorreu de forma linear com o aumento da temperatura durante a solda, porém essa alteração não comprometeu a resistência mecânica da solda.

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Rotevatn, Njål. "Design and testing of Flux Switched Permanent Magnet (FSPM) Machines." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9054.

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This thesis offers a short overview of the most important stator mounted permanent magnet machines, with a closer look on the FSPM design. A FSPM machine have been built and tested as a generator, to get a better understanding of the machine concept. The focus of the work have been on the well documented 12/10 (Stator teeth/ Rotor teeth) design while the novel 12/14 pole design have also been tested, as a rotor change is the only difference between the two designs. The machine have been simulated in COMSOL, where inductances, back emf and cogging have been found and compared with the measured results.

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Kaur, Rajween. "Regulation of ATGL-mediated lipolysis by FSP2/CIDEC in human adipocytes." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21186.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- Boston University, 2013.
Increased free fatty acid (FFA) flux from adipocytes due to increased lipolysis, has a key contribution in the pathophysiology of metabolic disease. There is a lack of knowledge of the molecular components which determine the TG storing capacity and lipolysis in adipocytes. Studies from our lab and others have demonstrated the role of a lipid droplet associated protein, Fat Specific Protein 27 (FSP27, also called CIDEC), in regulating triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis in adipocytes, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. In the present study, we used cultured human primary adipocytes to define the role of FSP27 in regulating both basal and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Using a combination of RNAi and adenoviral mediated overexpression techniques, we have shown that FSP27 regulates ATGL-mediated lipolysis by down-regulating gene and protein expression of ATGL. Furthermore, our data shows that FSP27-mediated triglyceride accumulation is suppressed in the absence of ATGL. Our results support a model whereby FSP27 regulates ATGL-mediated lipolysis to accumulate triglycerides in human adipocytes

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Bairam, Emna. "Etude des processus écophysiologiques caractérisant la distribution du carbone entre les sources et les puits au sein de la charpentière du pommier. Eléments pour un modèle fonction-structure." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARC129/document.

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La synthèse et le transport du carbone chez le pommier repose sur un ensemble de mécanismes complexes et imbriqués dépendants de facteurs endogènes et exogènes. Uneapproche combinant une caractérisation écophysiologique et l’utilisation d’un modèle structure-fonction de la plante (Functional-Structural Plant Model, FSPM) présente un moyenintéressant pour ce champ de recherche dans la mesure où un modèle structure-fonction permet d’intégrer la topologie et la géométrie de la plante et de ses différents organes à l’ensemble des facteurs impliqués dans l’assimilation et le transport du carbone et de l’eau. Le travail présenté ici a contribué à la compréhension des relations sources-puits mais égalementà l’élaboration d’un modèle FSPM à plusieurs niveaux. Premièrement, le développement de modèles de prédiction de l’architecture des différentes pousses du pommier à partir de variables simples apporte un moyen novateur pour simplifier la simulation de l’architecturedes branches mais égalementpour quantifi er de façon robuste la surface foliaire. Deuxièmement,l’établissement d’un réseau de corrélations entrevariables morphométriques des différents organes issus dubourgeon mixte met en évidence les organes les plus connectésà l’échelle du spur. Enfi n, une étude des relations sourcespuitsà l’échelle de la branche a permis, d’une part, une caractérisationde la régulation de la photosynthèse nette desfeuilles en réponse à des changements dans le ratio sources/puits mais aussi en fonction des types de feuilles et, d’autrepart, à mettre la lumière sur l’infl
The synthesis and the transport of carbon in apple are basedon a whole host of complex and interlaced mechanisms thatdepend on endogenous and exogenous factors. An approachthat combines the ecophysiological characterisation with theuse of a Functional-Structural Plant Model (FSPM) representsan interesting method in this fi eld of research, inasmuch assuch an FSPM allows integrating the topology and the geometryof the plant and its constituting organs with the entiretyof factors involved in assimilation as well as water andcarbon transport. The present study has contributed to thebetter understanding of the source-sink relations characterizingthis system but also to the elaboration of a multi-scaledFSPM. First, the development of models for the prediction ofthe architecture of different shoot types in apple from simplevariables provides a novel way to simplify the simulationof theinitial structure of branches but also to quantify leaf area in arobust manner. Second, the creation of a network of correlationsamong morphometric variables of the different organsformed by the mixed bud of apple clearly shows the functionalrelations among the spur organs. In the end, the study ofsource-sink relations at the branch scale has allowed, on theone hand, to characterize the regulation of net photosynthesisas a function of a changed source/sink ratio but also asa function of leaf type and, on the other hand, to shed somelight on the infl uence that the competition among fruits hason increasing sink strength and thus regulating the leaf

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Bland, Marc Thompson. "Investigation of superplastic behavior in FSP 5083 aluminum alloy." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FBland.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): McNelley, Terry R. ; Su, Jianqing. "June 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 7, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48). Also available in print.

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Szabó, Hugo. "Elektrický stroj s přepínáním magnetického toku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443090.

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The goal of this thesis is to create a literature search about a rotating electrical machine with switching of magnetic flux, to explain its construction concept and its operating behavior, to create an initial concept of generator, calculate chosen construction with finite element method analysis and to compare analysis results with analytical design. To create a concept of the generator one of available designing procedures will be used.

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Chideya, Zorodzai. "Theory-driven evaluation of a Financial Services Provider's (FSP) induction programme." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10267.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-46).
Many contemporary organisations implement programmes to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals. Such organisations invest money and human capital into such programmes and this has given rise to the need for accountability of these programmes. The field of programme evaluation makes use of social science research methods to investigate the effectiveness of programmes and to offer guidance on how best to improve these programmes. Programme evaluation has different approaches and theory-driven evaluation is one such approach. This dissertation makes use of the theory-driven evaluation approach to develop a programme theory for a Financial Services Provider (FSP)'s induction programme. The induction programme that is implemented by the FSP is targeted at new employees and aims to improve their knowledge and skill and in the long term to retain these new employees.

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Burke, Michael J. Lykins Richard C. "Fire Support Planning System (FSPS) : a commercial off the shelf (COTS), windows-based, wireless approach /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA370852.

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Thesis (M.S. Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999.
"September 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Terrance C. Brady, Rudolplf P. Darken. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-99). Also available online.

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Книги з теми "Fsp1"

(Firm), SAS Institute, ed. SAS/FSP user's guide. 6th ed. Cary, N.C: SAS Institute, 1988.

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Institute, SAS. SAS/FSP 9.2 procedures guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 2008.

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A, Linden Carol, Ball Amy E, and SAS Institute, eds. SAS/FSP guide for personal computers. 6th ed. Cary, N.C: SAS Institute, 1987.

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A, Linden Carol, and SAS Institute, eds. SAS/FSP user's guide, version 5 edition. Cary, N.C: SAS Institute, 1985.

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Bleach, Mervyn. Yamaha FS1E, FS1 and FS1M owners workshop manual. Sparkford: Haynes, 1986.

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AS film studies unit 1: Unit FS1, making meaning. Deddington: Philip Allan Updates, 2003.

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Rubinskai͡a, O. I͡U. Problemy det͡sentralizat͡sii v strategii reform FSP: Nauchno-analiticheskiĭ obzor. Moskva: Akademii͡a nauk SSSR, In-t nauch. informat͡sii po obshchestvennym naukam, 1987.

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Cody, Scott. Trends in FSP participation rates: Focus on August 1995. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research, 1997.

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Aleda, Freeman, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Food and Consumer Service., and Mathematica Policy Research inc, eds. Trends in FSP participation rates: Focus on August 1993. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Service, 1995.

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Carole, Trippe, United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Food and Consumer Service., and Mathematica Policy Research inc, eds. Trends in FSP participation rates: Focus on August 1995. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research, 1997.

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Desnick, Robert J., Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, George W. Padberg, Gustav Schonfeld, Xiaobo Lin, Maurizio Averna, Pin Yue, et al. "FSP." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 675. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6842.

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Irish, Aiden, Jill Clark, Kimberley Hodgson, and Samina Raja. "The Relational Infrastructure of Food System Policy Development." In Urban Agriculture, 351–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32076-7_19.

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AbstractThe process of developing food system policies (FSP) that comprehensively address systemic issues requires the inclusion of a diverse array of actors from all parts of the food system. Drawing on literature on collaborative governance, we argue that interpersonal relationships, and the factors that facilitate their development and maintenance, are essential to FSP development. Based on this assertion, we ask: how do interpersonal relationships shape collaborative food systems policy processes? Specifically, we explore: (1) what motivates the emergence of interpersonal relationships in FSP; (2) what are the characteristics of social environments that foster such interpersonal relationships; and (3) what traits/activities foster interpersonal relationships in food systems policy processes.This research draws on qualitative analysis of 26 semi-structured interviews in four preeminent examples of FSP development in the United States identified by Growing Food Connections (GFC), an FSP research group: Seattle, WA; Lawrence/Douglas County, KS; a five-county region in Minnesota; and Marquette County, MI. Following an inductive description of key cross-case themes responding to the previous questions, we discuss the implications of these findings for equity and ethics in FSP development. This discussion highlights that, while equity did not appear as an explicit motivation for developing interpersonal relationships, practices of humble listening by policy practitioners foster inclusive engagement as a basis for equitable collaboration.

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Goushegir, Seyed M., and Sergio T. Amancio-Filho. "Friction Spot Joining (FSpJ)." In Joining of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures, 61–99. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119429807.ch3.

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Sun, Jiming, Marc Jones, Stefan Reinauer, and Vincent Zimmer. "Building coreboot with Intel FSP." In Embedded Firmware Solutions, 55–95. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0070-4_4.

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Sun, Jiming, Marc Jones, Stefan Reinauer, and Vincent Zimmer. "Intel FSP and UEFI Integration." In Embedded Firmware Solutions, 121–44. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0070-4_6.

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Sunil, B. Ratna. "Material Systems Processed by FSP." In Surface Engineering by Friction-Assisted Processes, 83–100. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429398094-5.

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Ross, Kenneth, and Carl Sorensen. "Advances in Temperature Control for FSP." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VII, 301–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48108-1_31.

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Roth, Manuel. "Vergleich der Werkstoffe unter FSP-Beschuss." In Zur Berechnung von Bauteilen in hybrider Bauweise unter ballistischer Beanspruchung, 133–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54686-4_9.

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Ross, Kenneth, and Carl Sorensen. "Advances in Temperature Control for FSP." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VII, 301–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118658345.ch31.

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Oh, Sung-Kwun, Seok-Beom Roh, Daehee Park, and Yong-Kab Kim. "FSPN-Based Genetically Optimized Fuzzy Polynomial Neural Networks." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2005, 858–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11424925_90.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Fsp1"

Tanjore, H., XC Xu, AL Degryse, TS Blackwell, and WE Lawson. "Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Contributes to the FSP1 Fibroblast Population in Bleomycin Induced Lung Fibrosis." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5389.

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Simms, Rebecca, William R. Coward, Linhua Pang, Alan J. Knox, and Carol Feghali-Bostwick. "Identification Of The Sources Of Lung Myofibroblasts Using FSP1 And ±-SMA As Markers In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1117.

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Chapman, Jim, and Stephen M. Hess. "Safety and Design Principles for Use in a Risk-Informed, Technology-Neutral Design and Licensing Framework for New Nuclear Plants." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75171.

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The regulatory framework for the current generation of operating plants and advanced light water reactors (ALWRs) planned for near term construction has evolved over several decades to permit effective regulation of the light water reactor (LWR) designs. To address other reactor types, development of a framework that possesses the attributes of being technology neutral, risk-informed and performance-based is ongoing by several U.S. and international organizations. To support development of a revised framework, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) conducted research to identify and assess specific elements of the proposed possible frameworks; to develop a preliminary integrated framework based on the results of this review and evaluation; and to provide recommendations in areas where additional development and testing would appear to be most beneficial. This research identified Fundamental Safety Principles (FSPs) and Fundamental Design Principles (FDPs) to be the cornerstones that provide the underlying basis for the proposed integrated framework. FSPs provide the safety objectives which are to be achieved. Associated with each FSP is a corresponding FDP that provides mechanisms by which achievement of the FSP can be demonstrated. In this paper we describe the 11 FSPs and associated FDPs that were developed. We note that these FSPs / FDPs are for the most part consistent with comparable criteria provided in the frameworks which were reviewed. The results of this research have been and are being used to support ongoing industry efforts to develop applicable standards and guidance for licensing of advanced plants (Generation 3 Plus and 4) that address safety characteristics which differ from the current generation of plants and advanced LWRs.

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Wang, Zhigang, Lixin Gao, Yu Gu, Yubin Bao, and Ge Yu. "FSP." In SoCC '17: ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3127479.3128612.

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Xie, De'e, Yu Wang, and Zhiquan Deng. "FSPM machines with twisted-rotor structure." In 2014 IEEE 9th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2014.6931412.

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Dudson, E. "Operational Experience with Sea Fighter - FSF1." In Warship 2006: Future Surface Ships. RINA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ws.2006.12.

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"FSP 2015 Workshop Organization." In 2015 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/platcon.2015.33.

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"Scientific workflow for reusing plant/FSPM models." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.b3.chopard.

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Shuguo Han, Wee Keong Ng, and Yang Yu. "FSP: Frequent Substructure Pattern mining." In 2007 6th International Conference on Information, Communications & Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icics.2007.4449818.

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"Workshop Organization FSP 2016 Workshop." In 2016 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/platcon.2016.7456767.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Fsp1"

Barg, Rivka, Erich Grotewold, and Yechiam Salts. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Development by Interacting MYB Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592647.bard.

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Background to the topic: Early tomato fruit development is executed via extensive cell divisions followed by cell expansion concomitantly with endoreduplication. The signals involved in activating the different modes of growth during fruit development are still inadequately understood. Addressing this developmental process, we identified SlFSM1 as a gene expressed specifically during the cell-division dependent stages of fruit development. SlFSM1 is the founder of a class of small plant specific proteins containing a divergent SANT/MYB domain (Barg et al 2005). Before initiating this project, we found that low ectopic over-expression (OEX) of SlFSM1 leads to a significant decrease in the final size of the cells in mature leaves and fruits, and the outer pericarp is substantially narrower, suggesting a role in determining cell size and shape. We also found the interacting partners of the Arabidopsis homologs of FSM1 (two, belonging to the same family), and cloned their tomato single homolog, which we named SlFSB1 (Fruit SANT/MYB–Binding1). SlFSB1 is a novel plant specific single MYB-like protein, which function was unknown. The present project aimed at elucidating the function and mode of action of these two single MYB proteins in regulating tomato fruit development. The specific objectives were: 1. Functional analysis of SlFSM1 and its interacting protein SlFSB1 in relation to fruit development. 2. Identification of the SlFSM1 and/or SlFSB1 cellular targets. The plan of work included: 1) Detailed phenotypic, histological and cellular analyses of plants ectopically expressing FSM1, and plants either ectopically over-expressing or silenced for FSB1. 2) Extensive SELEX analysis, which did not reveal any specific DNA target of SlFSM1 binding, hence the originally offered ChIP analysis was omitted. 3) Genome-wide transcriptional impact of gain- and loss- of SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 function by Affymetrix microarray analyses. This part is still in progress and therefore results are not reported, 4) Search for additional candidate partners of SlFSB1 revealed SlMYBI to be an alternative partner of FSB1, and 5) Study of the physical basis of the interaction between SlFSM1 and SlFSB1 and between FSB1 and MYBI. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We established that FSM1 negatively affects cell expansion, particularly of those cells with the highest potential to expand, such as the ones residing inner to the vascular bundles in the fruit pericarp. On the other hand, FSB1 which is expressed throughout fruit development acts as a positive regulator of cell expansion. It was also established that besides interacting with FSM1, FSB1 interacts also with the transcription factor MYBI, and that the formation of the FSB1-MYBI complex is competed by FSM1, which recognizes in FSB1 the same region as MYBI does. Based on these findings a model was developed explaining the role of this novel network of the three different MYB containing proteins FSM1/FSB1/MYBI in the control of tomato cell expansion, particularly during fruit development. In short, during early stages of fruit development (Phase II), the formation of the FSM1-FSB1 complex serves to restrict the expansion of the cells with the greatest expansion potential, those non-dividing cells residing in the inner mesocarp layers of the pericarp. Alternatively, during growth phase III, after transcription of FSM1 sharply declines, FSB1, possibly through complexing with the transcription factor MYBI serves as a positive regulator of the differential cell expansion which drives fruit enlargement during this phase. Additionally, a novel mechanism was revealed by which competing MYB-MYB interactions could participate in the control of gene expression. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: The demonstrated role of the FSM1/FSB1/MYBI complex in controlling differential cell growth in the developing tomato fruit highlights potential exploitations of these genes for improving fruit quality characteristics. Modulation of expression of these genes or their paralogs in other organs could serve to modify leaf and canopy architecture in various crops.

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Chen, Xuan. FSPA Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1462094.

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Rognlien, T. D., D. G. Whyte, J. N. Brooks, J. M. Canik, M. Greenwald, D. P. Stotler, X. Tang, T. J. Tautges, and B. D. Wirth. The FSP Boundary Science Driver Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1117946.

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Fries, G. A., C. J. Hacker, and F. G. Pin. FSP (Full Space Parameterization), Version 2.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/131162.

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DeSanti, C., V. Gaonkar, K. McCloghrie, and S. Gai. MIB for Fibre Channel's Fabric Shortest Path First (FSPF) Protocol. RFC Editor, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4626.

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Rognlien, T. D., and P. B. Snyder. The Boundary/Pedestal Integrated Science Application for FSP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1118025.

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Cavigelli, Michel. Mid-Atlantic Corn and Soybean Yields Show Great Variability in Response to Precipitation during Critical Growth Stages. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6892663.ch.

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The mid-Atlantic coastal plain, where the FSP is located, has higher than average variability in corn and soybean yields compared to the most productive agricultural regions in the US. Precipitation is the primary driver of crop yield variability in this region and drought is often responsible for low yields.

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Queensland Government Savings Bank - Maryborough - Depositors Ledgers - Accounts 1-2000; Friendly Society Accounts FS1-FS32 - 1914-1921. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/20804.

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Government Savings Bank of New South Wales - Balmain - Depositors Ledgers - Friendly Society Cheque Accounts FS1 - FS14 - 1914 - 1930. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/22602.

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Government Savings Bank of New South Wales - Newtown - Depositors Ledgers - Friendly Society Cheque Accounts FS1-FS25 (Indexed) - 1920 - 1929. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/22687.

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