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1

Mohammed, O. M., and A. Z. M. Shammari. "A Procedural Algorithmic Approach for Functional Structure Construction." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 1 (2021): 6819–32. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4012.

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Despite the advances in functional structure modeling, the underlying models are lacking formalism and a consistent basis for successive reasoning. Many researchers have worked on functional structures and in standardizing their vocabulary while some undertook the task of benchmarking the process of creating it, although the effects of functional structure modeling methods and strategies on further stages of conceptual design during concept generation have not been discussed in depth. In the present research, a new procedural algorithmic approach for the functional structure is developed and d
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2

Claeskens, Gerda, Mia Hubert, Leen Slaets, and Kaveh Vakili. "Multivariate Functional Halfspace Depth." Journal of the American Statistical Association 109, no. 505 (2014): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2013.856795.

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3

Helander, Sami, Germain Van Bever, Sakke Rantala, and Pauliina Ilmonen. "Pareto depth for functional data." Statistics 54, no. 1 (2019): 182–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331888.2019.1700418.

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4

Tuya, F., A. Herrero-Barrencua, N. E. Bosch, A. D. Abreu, and R. Haroun. "Reef fish at a remote tropical island (Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea): disentangling taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity patterns with depth." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 3 (2018): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17233.

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The ecology of reef fish varies with depth, although patterns in diversity remain largely undescribed, in particular the complementarity of their taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic facets. In the present study we investigated patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of fish on 21 reefs, at depths ranging from 3 to 31m, at Príncipe Island (Gulf of Guinea). Taxonomic and functional diversity decreased monotonically with depth; the pattern was less accentuated for phylogenetic diversity. Functional diversity was saturated at high levels of taxonomic diversity, reflecting r
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5

Nawy, Tal. "In-depth functional dissection of enhancers." Nature Methods 9, no. 4 (2012): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1963.

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6

Ieva, Francesca, and Anna M. Paganoni. "Depth Measures for Multivariate Functional Data." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 42, no. 7 (2013): 1265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2012.746368.

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7

López-Pintado, Sara, and Juan Romo. "Depth-based inference for functional data." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 51, no. 10 (2007): 4957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2006.10.029.

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8

Lehman, Will, and R. Hasanzadeh Nafari. "An Empirical, Functional approach to Depth Damages." E3S Web of Conferences 7 (2016): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160705002.

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9

Howieson, Diane B. "The Functional Brain in Depth and Breadth." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 4, no. 6 (1998): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617798256165.

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This book gives a comprehensive account of the functional neuroanatomy of the brain. The first edition, Neuropsychology, Neuropsychiatry, and Behavioral Neurology (1990), consisted of topics traditional for this subject matter, such as “The Cerebral Hemispheres,” “The Limbic System,” and “Neuroanatomy and Pathophysiology of Head Injury, Stroke, Neoplasm, and Abnormal Development.” With the addition of eleven new chapters, the second edition is impressive and unique in its range of topics. The new chapters cover evolution and ontogeny of the brain, social–emotional intelligence, and such unusua
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10

Agostinelli, Claudio. "Local half-region depth for functional data." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 163 (January 2018): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2017.10.004.

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11

Sguera, Carlo, Pedro Galeano, and Rosa Lillo. "Spatial depth-based classification for functional data." TEST 23, no. 4 (2014): 725–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11749-014-0379-1.

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12

López-Pintado, Sara, Ying Sun, Juan K. Lin, and Marc G. Genton. "Simplicial band depth for multivariate functional data." Advances in Data Analysis and Classification 8, no. 3 (2014): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11634-014-0166-6.

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13

Narisetty, Naveen N., and Vijayan N. Nair. "Extremal Depth for Functional Data and Applications." Journal of the American Statistical Association 111, no. 516 (2016): 1705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2015.1110033.

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14

López-Pintado, Sara, and Juan Romo. "A half-region depth for functional data." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 55, no. 4 (2011): 1679–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2010.10.024.

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15

Wu, Liyou, Laurie Kellogg, Allan H. Devol, James M. Tiedje, and Jizhong Zhou. "Microarray-Based Characterization of Microbial Community Functional Structure and Heterogeneity in Marine Sediments from the Gulf of Mexico." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 14 (2008): 4516–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02751-07.

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ABSTRACT Marine sediments of coastal margins are important sites of carbon sequestration and nitrogen cycling. To determine the metabolic potential and structure of marine sediment microbial communities, two cores were collected each from the two stations (GMT at a depth of 200 m and GMS at 800 m) in the Gulf of Mexico, and six subsamples representing different depths were analyzed from each of these two cores using functional gene arrays containing ∼2,000 probes targeting genes involved in carbon fixation; organic carbon degradation; contaminant degradation; metal resistance; and nitrogen, su
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16

Govindaraj, Manoharan, Sivakumar Kaliappan, and Ganesh Swaminathan. "Outlier Detection of Functional Data Using Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space." Instrumentation Mesure Métrologie 21, no. 4 (2022): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/i2m.210404.

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The problem of finding the pattern that deviates from other observation is termed as outlier. The detection of outlier is getting importance in research area nowadays due to the reason that the technique has been used in various mission critical applications such as military, health care, fault recovery, and many. The analysis of functional data and its depth function plays a crucial role in statistical model for detecting outlier. The depth values alone not enough for finding outliers, since all the low depth values not be an outlier. The main problem of using classical model is that it canno
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17

Al-Guraibawi, Mohammed, and Baher Mohammed. "Regression Depth for Statistical Depth Function." Journal of Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print ISSN: 1681-6870 ,Online ISSN: 2790-2293 ), no. 1 (January 14, 2024): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55562/jrucs.v54i1.621.

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The statistical depth function is one of the modern approaches that can be used for developing multivariate robust regression based on robust estimates of the location and dispersion matrix. One merit advantage of the depth concept is that it can be used directly to provide deeper estimation functions for data location and regression parameters in a multidimensional environment. The deeper estimation functions induced by depth are expected to inherit the desired and inherent robustness properties (such as limited maximum bias, impact function, and high breaking point) as do their counterparts
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18

Chowdhury, Joydeep, and Probal Chaudhuri. "Nonparametric depth and quantile regression for functional data." Bernoulli 25, no. 1 (2019): 395–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/17-bej991.

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19

López-Pintado, Sara, and Juan Romo. "On the Concept of Depth for Functional Data." Journal of the American Statistical Association 104, no. 486 (2009): 718–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/jasa.2009.0108.

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20

Aggarwal, Raj, and Yinglu Wu. "Functional Areas in Improving Depth of IB Teaching." Journal of Teaching in International Business 30, no. 4 (2019): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08975930.2019.1699316.

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21

Merboldt, Klaus-Dietmar, Jürgen Baudewig, Stefan Treue, and Jens Frahm. "Functional MRI of self-controlled stereoscopic depth perception." NeuroReport 13, no. 14 (2002): 1721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200210070-00006.

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22

Hubert, Mia, Peter Rousseeuw, and Pieter Segaert. "Multivariate and functional classification using depth and distance." Advances in Data Analysis and Classification 11, no. 3 (2016): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11634-016-0269-3.

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23

Adams, Daniel L., and Semir Zeki. "Functional Organization of Macaque V3 for Stereoscopic Depth." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 5 (2001): 2195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.5.2195.

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Recordings were made from single and small groups of cells in prestriate area V3 of the visual cortex of the Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). The majority of cells in V3 were selective for orientation and stereoscopic depth, these cells being segregated into two sets of functionally distinct columns. Orientation columns in V3 have been previously demonstrated; here we show that V3 also contains columns of segregated disparity-selective cells. On the basis of its cellular properties, functional organization, and intra-cortical connections, we propose that V3 contributes to the processi
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24

Kwon, Amy M., Ming Ouyang, and Andrew Cheng. "Resampling-based Classification Using Depth for Functional Curves." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 45, no. 9 (2014): 3329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918.2014.944652.

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25

Zhao, Jinfa, Lin Lin, Yong Liu, et al. "eDNA Metabarcoding Reveals the Depth-Structured Variation of Coral Reef Fish." Fishes 10, no. 5 (2025): 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10050209.

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Global coral reef ecosystems face various levels of disturbance pressure. Understanding the depth-structured variation in coral reef fish communities can help us to better grasp and predict the adaptive changes of the ecosystem under different stressors. This study applied eDNA metabarcoding technology to analyze the spatial distribution of the coral reef fish at various depths (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, 50 m, and 60 m) within the Xisha Islands of China. The results indicated that the eDNA technology detected a total of 213 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), including 33 species
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26

Godinez-Espinosa, Sara, Vincent Raoult, Timothy M. Smith, Troy F. Gaston, and Jane E. Williamson. "Functional roles of coral reef primary producers examined with stable isotopes." Marine and Freshwater Research 74, no. 7 (2023): 601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf22103.

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Context Primary production on coral reefs varies under changing conditions such as light and nutrient availability. This variation causes changes in basal stable isotopes as photosynthetic and nutrient pathways change. Aims This study provides a preliminary baseline of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotope profiles in Symbiodinium and macroalgae at a spatial scale and along a depth gradient around an island. Methods Coral fragments and macroalgae were collected at depths from the surface to 26 m. δ15N and δ13C stable isotope values were assessed for Symbiodinium relative to cell den
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27

Radek, Pražan, Hůla Josef, Kovaříček Pavel, Čedík Jakub, Gerndtová Ilona, and Vlášková Marcela. "Functional properties of blade tiller working tools." Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 2 (2018): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/106/2017-rae.

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After the harvest of winter wheat, the tensile force, cross section of loosened soil and specific resistance of soil were measured on a loamy soil plot. During the comparative measurements, 3 blades were used with chisel width of 20 mm, 40 mm and 75 mm. In case of all blades, the measurements were carried out at the depth of 100, 200 and 300 mm. In the course of measurements, the standards of blades were attached in a measuring frame on six-component hinge with connected tensometric sensor. The selected blades were developed for a new type of tiller destined for primary cultivation of soil. Mo
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28

Shen, Ya, Shichen Xiong, Chengming You, et al. "Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Composition across a Chronosequence of Chinese Cedar Plantations." Forests 14, no. 3 (2023): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14030470.

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Afforestation is one of the most important forestry practices, but its impact on soil microbial communities remains poorly understood. In this study, we sampled the soil from 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil depths of 7-, 13-, 24-, 33-, and 53-year-old Chinese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis) plantations. To investigate the effect of stand age on soil microbial communities and their potential drivers, we measured phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and soil physicochemical properties. At the 0–15 cm soil depth, the biomass of total PLFAs and functional microbial groups such as bacteria (B), fu
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29

Yifang, Sun, O. G. Grebenikov та O. O. Vendin. "ВПЛИВ КІЛЬЦЕВИХ КАНАВОК ХОЛОДНОГО ОБТИСКУ НА ДОВГОВІЧНІСТЬ ПАНЕЛЕЙ КРИЛА З ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИМИ ОТВОРАМИ". Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, № 99 (24 червня 2024): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2023.99.02.

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This article studies in detail the method of cold extrusion annular grooves to solve the problem of aircraft fatigue life extension that reduces the fatigue life of aircraft wing panels due to functional holes. This method is a very simple and effective anti-fatigue manufacturing technology. In order to simulate the different wing panels with functional holes, the experiment is designed to extrude the specimen with different extrusion forces to obtain annular grooves of different depths. Fatigue tests are conducted on specimens with annular grooves. The test results show that: 1) Cold extrusio
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30

Cure, Katherine, Leanne Currey-Randall, Ronen Galaiduk, Ben Radford, Mary Wakeford, and Andrew Heyward. "Depth gradients in abundance and functional roles suggest limited depth refuges for herbivorous fishes." Coral Reefs 40, no. 2 (2021): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02060-7.

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31

Serfling, Robert, and Uditha Wijesuriya. "Depth-based nonparametric description of functional data, with emphasis on use of spatial depth." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 105 (January 2017): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2016.07.007.

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32

Wang, Chen, Zengchao Feng, and Xing Wang. "Effect of Functional Groups in Coal on the Depth of Adsorption Potential Well." Adsorption Science & Technology 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3820762.

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Due to the complexity of the internal structure of natural coal and its characteristic of multicomponent, the depth of its methane adsorption potential well is nonuniform, which makes it difficult to accurately evaluate the adsorption capacity of coal. Besides, in order to find out the factors affecting the depth distribution of potential wells in natural coal, this paper calculated the depth and number of potential wells during methane adsorption in coal according to the Langmuir adsorption kinetics process. Coal samples with different metamorphic degrees were tested and analyzed by infrared
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33

Mindel, Beth L., Francis C. Neat, Clive N. Trueman, Thomas J. Webb, and Julia L. Blanchard. "Functional, size and taxonomic diversity of fish along a depth gradient in the deep sea." PeerJ 4 (September 15, 2016): e2387. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2387.

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Biodiversity is well studied in ecology and the concept has been developed to include traits of species, rather than solely taxonomy, to better reflect the functional diversity of a system. The deep sea provides a natural environmental gradient within which to study changes in different diversity metrics, but traits of deep-sea fish are not widely known, hampering the application of functional diversity to this globally important system. We used morphological traits to determine the functional richness and functional divergence of demersal fish assemblages along the continental slope in the No
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34

Miguel, Flores, Saltos Guido, and Castillo Páez Sergio. "Setting a generalized functional linear model (GFLM) for the classification of different types of cancer." Latin-American Journal of Computing 3, no. 2 (2016): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748625.

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This work aims to classify the DNA sequences of healthy and malignant cancer respectively. For this, supervised and unsupervised classification methods from a functional context are used; i.e. each strand of DNA is an observation. The observations are discretized, for that reason different ways to represent these observations with functions are evaluated. In addition, an exploratory study is done: estimating the mean and variance of each functional type of cancer. For the unsupervised classification method, hierarchical clustering with different measures of functional distance is used. On the
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35

Nieto-Reyes, Alicia, and Heather Battey. "A topologically valid construction of depth for functional data." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 184 (July 2021): 104738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2021.104738.

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36

Zhang, Jian. "Depth-invariant beamforming for functional connectivity with MEG data." Statistics and Its Interface 15, no. 3 (2022): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/21-sii700.

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37

Nagy, Stanislav, Irène Gijbels, Marek Omelka, and Daniel Hlubinka. "Integrated depth for functional data: statistical properties and consistency." ESAIM: Probability and Statistics 20 (2016): 95–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ps/2016005.

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38

Gijbels, Irène, and Stanislav Nagy. "On a General Definition of Depth for Functional Data." Statistical Science 32, no. 4 (2017): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/17-sts625.

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39

Martínez-Hernández, Israel, Marc G. Genton, and Graciela González-Farías. "Robust depth-based estimation of the functional autoregressive model." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 131 (March 2019): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2018.06.003.

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40

Balzanella, Antonio, Elvira Romano, and Rosanna Verde. "Modified half-region depth for spatially dependent functional data." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 31, no. 1 (2016): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-016-1291-x.

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41

McGeown, William Jonathan, Giuliana Mazzoni, Manila Vannucci, and Annalena Venneri. "Structural and functional correlates of hypnotic depth and suggestibility." Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 231, no. 2 (2015): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.11.015.

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42

Nieto-Reyes, Alicia, and Heather Battey. "A Topologically Valid Definition of Depth for Functional Data." Statistical Science 31, no. 1 (2016): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/15-sts532.

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43

Makinde, Olusola Samuel. "Classification rules based on distribution functions of functional depth." Statistical Papers 60, no. 3 (2016): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00362-016-0841-0.

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44

Amini, Abbas, Chun Hui Yang, and Yang Xiang. "Improved Nanoindentation Phase Transformation in Functional Structure of NiTi SMA and Graphene." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.160.

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Graphene layers were deposited on the surface of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) to enhance the spherical indentation depth and the phase transformed volume through an extra nanoscale cooling. The graphene-deposited NiTi SMA showed deeper nanoindentation depths during the solid-state phase transition, especially at the rate dependent loading zone. Larger superelastic deformation confirmed that the nanoscale latent heat transfer through the deposited graphene layers allowed larger phase transformed volume in the bulk and, therefore, more stress relaxation and depth can be achieved. During the ind
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45

Chen, Xun, Hao Lin Li, Hao Yang Cao, James Wharton, David Allanson, and Zhi Qing Hu. "Grinding for Microstructural Functional Surface." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.48.

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Structural textural surfaces are those surfaces that have designed feature intended to give specific functional performance. In the last few decades, the understanding of structured surface texture, particularly at a micro and nanometre scale, has played a fundamental role in the development of many advanced applications. After a brief review of current manufacturing methods for textural surface, this paper examines the surface creation during grinding by analysing the kinematics of grinding and associated wheel dressing processes. It has been demonstrated that the features of structural surfa
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46

Lee, Dong-Woon. "Considerations for esthetic and functional implants." Journal of The Korean Dental Association 61, no. 12 (2023): 784–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22974/jkda.2023.61.12.003.

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Dental implants that restore lost teeth are no longer a difficult choice. In past years, osseointegration and mar-ginal bone level stability were regarded as success criteria. However, clinicians and patients consider aesthetic requirements a critical success factor. Therefore, the review of literatures and cases was conducted from a surgi-cal point of view when placing implants for the long-term results with desired requirements.The author demonstrated that 1) appropriate 3D implant placement position (vertical position of depth and distance considering the attachment level of adjacent teeth;
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47

BELLETTINI, GIOVANNI, and RICCARDO MARCH. "AN IMAGE SEGMENTATION VARIATIONAL MODEL WITH FREE DISCONTINUITIES AND CONTOUR CURVATURE." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 14, no. 01 (2004): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202504003143.

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We introduce a functional for image segmentation which takes into account the transparencies (or shadowing) and the occlusions between objects located at different depths in space. By minimizing the functional, we try to reconstruct a piecewise smooth approximation of the input image, the contours due to transparencies, and the contours of the objects together with their hidden portions. The functional includes a Mumford–Shah type energy and a term involving the curvature of the contours. The variational properties of the functional are studied, as well as its approximation by Γ-convergence. T
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48

Yang, Zhongwen, Yuping Xu, Guangjian Xu, and Henglong Xu. "Carbon flux of trophic-functional groups within the colonization process of biofilm-dwelling ciliates in marine ecosystems." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 6 (2016): 1313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000291.

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Biofilm-dwelling ciliates are a primary component of a biofilm, and play an important role in the functioning of microbial food webs by mediating carbon and energy flux into benthos from plankton. The carbon flux of biofilm-dwelling ciliates was studied at different trophic-functional levels within the colonization process in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China from May to June 2015. Samples were collected, using a glass slide method, at the time intervals of 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days from depths of 1 and 3 m. The carbon biomass of both total ciliates and all trophic-functio
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49

Rivero, José Luis L., Antonio L. Serrano, Andrés M. Diz, and José L. Morales. "Changes in cross-sectional area and capillary supply of the muscle fiber population in equine gluteus medius muscle as a function of sampling depth." American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, no. 1 (1993): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.01.32.

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SUMMARY The right and left gluteus medius muscles of 4 mature Andalusian stallions were examined by repeated needle biopsy over a specific area and depth, as well as at different depths, to determine whether the cross-sectional area and capillary supply of the various fiber types are homogeneous throughout the muscle. The muscle biopsy specimens were histochemically analyzed for fiber types (myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase) and capillaries (amylase-periodic acid-Schiff method). Differences between contralateral sites were not identifiable for any of the analyzed variables. Differences be
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50

Bednaršek, N., J. Možina, M. Vučković, M. Vogt, C. O'Brien, and G. A. Tarling. "Global distribution of pteropods representing carbonate functional type biomass." Earth System Science Data Discussions 5, no. 1 (2012): 317–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-5-317-2012.

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Abstract. Pteropods are a group of holoplanktonic gastropods for which global biomass distribution patterns remain poorly resolved. The aim of this study was to collect and synthesize existing pteropod (Gymnosomata, Thecosomata and Pseudothecosomata) abundance and biomass data, in order to evaluate the global distribution of pteropod carbon biomass, with a particular emphasis on its seasonal, temporal and vertical patterns. We collected 25 902 data points from several online databases and a number of scientific articles. The biomass data has been gridded onto a 360 × 180° grid, with a vertical
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