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Статті в журналах з теми "Furnace parts"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Fuchs, Thomas, and Fritz Josef Ebner. "Furnace Technologies in Hot Stamping Concepts and Experience from Production." Advanced Materials Research 1063 (December 2014): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1063.354.

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Анотація:

Nowadays, a furnace designer has to meet the demands of the customer precisely to allow economical production at site. Repeatable high quality throughout millions of produced parts combined with high cost efficiency is needed to stay competitive. Thus the facility has to be changed from a black-box to a glassy furnace which records and controls all important process values that define the properties of the produced parts and the consumption of the facility. Current furnace designs offer a wide variety of layouts with unique advantages and disadvantages. Single type furnace designs are well kno

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2

Drotlew, A., M. Garbiak, and B. Piekarski. "Cast Steels for Creep-Resistant Parts Used in Heat Treatment Plants." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0103-0.

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Abstract Creep-resistant parts of heat treatment furnaces are in most cases made from high-alloyed chromium-nickel and nickel-chromium iron alloys, both cast and wrought. This paper presents the types of casting alloys used for this particular purpose, since the majority of furnace components are made by the casting process. Standards were cited which give symbols of alloy grades used in technical specifications by the domestic industry. It has been indicated that castings made currently are based on a wider spectrum of the creep-resistant alloy grades than the number of alloys covered by the

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3

Hassan, Alaa A., and Mohamed S. Hamed. "Modeling of Heat Treatment of Randomly Distributed Loads in Multi-Zone Continuous Furnaces." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.289.

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A model for the heat treatment of randomly distributed metal parts processed in multi-zone continuous mesh-belt furnaces has been developed. The model accounts for the heat transfer by convection and radiation to the load and the belt. The effect of gas radiation due to the presence of CO2 and/or H2O gases in the furnace atmosphere has been accounted for. The effect of conduction, convection, and radiation within the parts has been considered. The effective thermal properties of the load have been calculated using a new model developed for randomly distributed parts. The effective thermal prop

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4

Choi, Jongrak, Giyeob Yang, and Nahmkeon Hur. "A numerical simulation of a line-type paint drying furnace." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 5 (2019): 2639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-11-2018-0697.

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Purpose Paint drying is a very important process in an industry where shorter drying time for productivity and lower energy consumption for production cost are required while maintaining the product’s painting quality. In the present study, a drying process in a line-type paint drying furnace equipped with nozzles for hot air supply and moving conveyer belt to dry painted automotive parts is numerically simulated for the flow and heat transfer inside the furnace to evaluate the quality of the drying or baking at the end of the drying process in a production line. Design/methodology/approach A

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5

Young, Tim, and George Anelay. "Iron Age iron smelting, Folly Court, Wokingham and the interpretation of 'dome' furnaces." Historical Metallurgy 55, no. 1 (2025): 30–46. https://doi.org/10.54841/hm.671.

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Анотація:

Excavations produced evidence for a Middle Iron Age iron smelting centre, probably of the 2nd century BC, with four iron smelting furnaces, three of a large ‘dome’ morphology and one smaller, more conventional, slagpit-type. A total of over 800 kg of slag was recovered from the site, indicating an operation of some significance. Details of furnace construction and large suites of archaeometallurgical residues were recovered for two successive examples of the ‘dome’ furnaces. ‘Dome’ furnaces are rare and poorly known from the British Iron Age, although common in parts of Europe. New evidence sh

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6

Nerubatskyi, Volodymyr Pavlovych, Edwin Spartakovych Gevorkyan, Olena Yevhenivna Zinchenko, Denys Anatoliiovych Hordiienko, and Oksana Mykolaivna Morozova. "FEATURE OF INCREASE IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE INDUSTRIAL FURNACES WITH RESISTIVE HEATING." Collection of Scientific Works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 203 (March 27, 2023): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.203.2023.277882.

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For the sintering of ceramic products, high-temperature electric furnaces are used, which work both in a protective environment and in air. In some technological processes, for example, for the production of ceramic carriers for afterburning car exhaust gases based on SiC and Al2O3, only air furnaces are used. Silicon carbide (SiC – silicate) heaters and molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) are used as resistive heaters in such furnaces. Due to the relatively small resource of their work, it is energetically beneficial to use the residual heat when cooling the furnace. At the same time, there is a si

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7

Yuan, Bing, Yun Xia Liu, and Jun Liang Yang. "Finite Element Analysis of Crystal Furnace Based on ANSYS Workbench." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.427.

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In this paper, the sapphire crystal furnace is taken as the object of research. Based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench, static and modal analysis of the key parts of the crystal furnace are completed, the static and dynamic characteristics of the parts are studied, and the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the key parts are obtained. According to the analysis of each mode type of the vibration, the weaknesses of the structure are identified, which provides theory reference for the structure optimization design of crystal furnace.

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8

Azad Agayev, Ayyam Abbasov, Azad Agayev, Ayyam Abbasov. "RELIABILITY OF COIL TUBES DURING OPERATION OF PYROLYSIS FURNACES OF PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 147, no. 01 (2024): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei147012024-45.

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Technologies of processing of crude oil, hydrocarbons, are necessary to obtain products used in the national economy and industry. In the article, taking into account this fact, the conditions of operation of pyrolysis furnaces, their general principle of operation are considered. It also describes what parts (compartments) and elements make up the pyrolysis furnace. It is noted that in the radiant section of the pyrolysis furnace are installed tubular pyrolysis reactors or coil tubes. They are the main working element of pyrolysis furnaces, through which hydrocarbon feedstock passes and the p

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9

Gerdes, T., Monika Willert-Porada, Ho Seon Park, and A. Schmidt. "Production Scale m³ Batch Furnace for Hybrid-Heating and Microwave Sintering." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.869.

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Production scale inert atmosphere microwave sintering has not been successful yet, mainly because of lack of suitable equipment. For sintering in air microwave furnaces are available at different industrial scale, e.g., gas-microwave hybrid heated batch kilns or microwave “adiabatic casket” tunnel kiln [1]. Inert atmosphere furnaces require vacuum and gastight coupling of microwave energy. In the State of the Art technology, microwave-coupling windows represent a heat sink inside the sintering furnace. Although, radiation heat loss at temperatures > 1600 °C can be reduced by using a thermal

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10

Cucos, Iulian, Corneliu Munteanu, and Petru Avram. "The Advanced System for Conducting the Electric Furnaces for Heat Treatments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.359.

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The control of furnaces for heat treatment is a result of the permanent efforts to help work by amplifying of this capacity in solving problems of productions. The advanced system for conducting the furnaces of heat treatments has the main importance in different activities developed in hard conditions. The electric furnaces heat treatment is aimed primarily at obtaining specific temperature profile characteristic type of heat treatment imposed by technology, the heat treatments applied to heat-sensitive parts with complex configuration of alloy or operating in demanding work environments or a

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11

Aghajanian, Ali, Carlos Thomas, and Kiachehr Behfarnia. "Effect of Micro-Silica Addition into Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag Eco-Efficient Concrete." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 4893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114893.

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Concrete produced from electric arc furnace steel slag aggregates is one of the items that is highly regarded due to its strength, environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Despite the growing interest in using this type of concrete, there are still doubts about the mix proportions and addition effects of electric arc furnace steel slags. In this paper, the performance of replacing natural aggregates by electric arc furnace steel slags aggregate is comprehensively investigated and its effect on mechanical properties is analysed. The relationship between the percentage of replacement o

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12

Kukartsev, Viktor A., Vladislav V. Kukartsev, and Vadim S. Tynchenko. "The Peculiarities of Smelting of Wear-Resistant Cast Iron IChH28N2 in the Induction Crucible Furnace IChT10." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.397.

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Wear-resistant cast iron smelting is produced in electric arc furnaces, due to the use of steel scrap in metal charge, ferrochrome and refund if there is one. Scrap of cast iron with the necessary chemical composition is not present because the proportion of manufacturing parts from wear-resistant cast iron is very small. Thus, there is no opportunity to form castings of wear-resistant cast iron using foundries equipped only with induction crucible furnaces of industrial frequency (IChT), since the furnace is designed for melting temperatures not above 1500 °C. In addition, the lining of induc

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13

Saeed Osman, Mojahid, Bala Ram, and Funda Samanlioglu. "Efficient approaches for furnace loading of cylindrical parts." Applied Mathematical Modelling 38, no. 4 (2014): 1548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.08.032.

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14

Kopeć, Grzegorz, and Bolesław Machulec. "Evaluation of Refractory Lining of the Blast Furnace Hearth and Bottom in Five Years of its Operation on the Basis of the Isotherms Shapes." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.179.

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Анотація:

Based on archival temperature measurement data regarding a blast furnace (capacity of 3200 m3) hearth and bottom refractory lining, empirical isotherms T = 300°C, for various periods of the first five years of the furnace campaign were determined. This resulted in an attempt to assess the hearth and bottom refractory lining in the third month and subsequently, in the next years of the blast furnace operation. The empirical isotherms, determined after the first three months, were compared to the isotherms determined using the method of mathematical modelling. These empirical isotherms were comp

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15

Pulatov, Abror, Jamol Bekmuradov, and Odiljon Zaripov. "Features of using linear graphs in developing mathematical model of metal melting process in induction crucible furnace." E3S Web of Conferences 289 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128907002.

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Анотація:

The use of linear graphs in the development of a mathematical model of metal melting in an induction crucible furnace allows to determine the metal melting temperature and control the excess temperature in the main parts of the furnace. In addition, if it is necessary to optimize the thermal mode of operation of the furnace according to the presented graph conversion method, a graph model of any part of the furnace with the desired thermal parameters can be obtained.

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16

Estermann, Michael, Hans Reifler, Walter Steurer, Frank Filser, Peter Kocher та Ludwig J. Gauckler. "A high-temperature furnace for X-ray diffraction with directly machined α-Al2O3ceramic parts". Journal of Applied Crystallography 32, № 4 (1999): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899006032.

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A complex high-temperature furnace has been produced from presintered α-Al2O3precompacts. The furnace is designed for the Mar345 imaging-plate detector system. Up to now, the design complexity of ceramic parts has been limited by the difficulty of machining hard ceramic materials or by the moulds used in hot-pressing and casting. However, the machining of soft presintered ceramic materials enables the realisation of much more demanding designs, provided that the final sintering shrinkage of the ceramic is homogeneous and predictable. The design of the furnace and its realisation and applicatio

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17

Luo, Si Yi, Chao Li, Chui Jie Yi, and Yang Min Zhou. "Bio-Oil Production by Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass Using Blast Furnace Slag as Heating Source." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2604.

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In this paper, a novel biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction system using blast furnace as heating source was presented. The system is composed of three parts: blast furnace slag granulation, biomass pyrolysis centrifuge reactor, and the waste heat of blast furnace as the heat source. As the cost of biomass pyrolysis was greatly reduced, this system has a promising application prospect.

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18

Liu, Dongliang, Wei Zhang, Zhengliang Xue, Chunhui Song, and Lingkun Chen. "Simulation and Validation of Thickness of Slag Crust on the Copper Stave in the High-Temperature Area of Blast Furnace." Metals 14, no. 1 (2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14010019.

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The blast furnace is the dominant high-temperature reactor in the modern ironmaking industry. Iron oxide in iron ores can be converted to metallic iron through blast furnace smelting, and this high-temperature melting can be used to separate the molten iron from the gangue components. The formation and thickness of the hot-surface slag crust on the copper stave in the high-temperature area of the middle and lower parts of the blast furnace are crucial for the safe operation and long campaign of the blast furnace. To enhance the precision of determining the thickness of the slag crust in this s

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19

Xie, Z., B. Liu, CC Yao, et al. "Application Test of Curing Equipment with Built-in Planetary Rotating Device." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2460, no. 1 (2023): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012123.

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Abstract In order to improve the curing quality of composite cylindrical parts, a new curing equipment with built-in planetary rotating device was selected. In the process of equipment installation, commissioning and acceptance inspection, the equipment has been improved and applied. The test results show that the planetary rotating device in the furnace can realize the rotation around its own axis line and the revolution in the annular space in the furnace at the same time; Properly increasing the rotation speed of cylindrical parts during curing is conducive to improving the appearance quali

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20

Ling, Hongzhi, Yan Jin, Zhengchao Huang, Ziyu Liu, and Peng Lin. "Study of Stress and Wear Behavior of Internal Components in Hydrogen-Based Shaft Furnaces Based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) Model." Processes 13, no. 3 (2025): 857. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030857.

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In the context of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” era, China’s steel industry, as one of the pillars of the national economy, must accelerate the exploration and adoption of innovative production processes to effectively reduce its carbon footprint. The numerical simulation of hydrogen-based shaft furnaces is an important method for studying the internal characteristics of steelmaking processes. Its objective is to set reasonable furnace parameters to significantly enhance production efficiency and environmental friendliness, ensuring that sustainability and economic benefits coexis

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21

Gołdasz, A., Z. Malinowski, T. Telejko, et al. "The Development Of Heating Curves For Open Die Forging Of Heavy Parts." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (2015): 1911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0325.

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AbstractThe study presents the findings of research on developing heating curves of heavy parts for the open die forging process. Hot ingots are heated in a chamber furnace. The heating process of 10, 30, 50 Mg ingots was analyzed. In addition, bearing in mind their high susceptibility to fracture, the ingots were sorted into 3 heating groups, for which the initial furnace temperature was specified. The calculations were performed with self developed software Wlewek utilizing the finite element method for the temperature, stress and strain field computations.

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22

Sato, Kosei, Kouji Maeda, and Kensuke Nishioka. "Proposition of a New Valid Utilization for Shirasu Volcanic Ash Using Renewable Energy." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.149.

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SiC was prepared from Shirasu volcanic ash using solar furnace. The solar furnace is composed by two parts; Fresnel lens and reacting furnace. Fresnel lens is used to concentrate sunlight onto the reacting furnace where the sample was put on. The sample was made from the mixture of SiO2 formed using Shirasu volcanic ash and graphite, and placed in the carbon crucible inside the reacting furnace. By using light of sun concentrated with Fresnel lens, the sample was irradiated for 15 minutes and the furnace was left until it cooled down to room temperature. Both irradiated and cooling processes w

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23

Nikulin, V. A., and G. K. Rubin. "Rational placement of parts being heated in a furnace." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 31, no. 1 (1989): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00735322.

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24

Nishioka, Kensuke, Junki Komori, Kouji Maeda, Yasuyuki Ota, Hiroshi Kaneko, and Kosei Sato. "Formation of Silicon Carbide Using Volcanic Ash as Starting Material and Concentrated Sunlight as Energy Resource." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/394605.

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SiC was formed using volcanic ash as starting material and concentrated sunlight as energy resource. The solar furnace was composed of two parts: Fresnel lens and reacting furnace. The reacting furnace was composed of a cylindrical vacuum chamber and quartz glass plate functioning to guide the concentrated sunlight into the furnace and was placed at the focal point of the Fresnel lens. The sample was made from the mixture of silica formed from volcanic ash and graphite and placed in the carbon crucible inside the reacting furnace. The temperature in the carbon crucible reached more than 1500°C

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25

Diab, Fadi. "The Study of the Desulfurization of Crude Oil in the Qatar Reservoirs System." Brilliant Engineering 1, no. 4 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2020.004.003.

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According to problems of environmental pollution problems due to burning fuels having high Sulfur as furnace oil and because of related limitations, Sulfur removal methods have been emphasized to heavy crude oil patches. If Sulfur removal is necessary to furnace oil, and parts of crude oil would be processed but it should be pointed that this process include of operational problems as furnace oil Sulfur removal because of asphaltic components and metal contaminations developed chemical methods to mercaptan may not be used to crude oil and heavy parts. Therefore, it is attempted to provide new

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26

Dzięcioł, Justyna, and Maja Radziemska. "Blast Furnace Slag, Post-Industrial Waste or Valuable Building Materials with Remediation Potential?" Minerals 12, no. 4 (2022): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12040478.

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In recent years, the construction industry has struggled with a variety of issues such as material availability, supply channel management, and the increasing cost of construction materials. These issues have encouraged the search for replacements and substitutes for existing construction materials. Blast Furnace Slag is used in the construction industry as a mineral amendment or aggregate. Their use in Earth Construction, due to their post-industrial origin, may be associated with increased levels of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness

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27

Bezhan, V. A., V. M. Zhytarenko, and P. Dalakov. "Energy Characteristics of Medium Pressure Steam Boilers." Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): F8—`F14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(2).f2.

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The object of this study is the thermal and energy characteristics of medium pressure boilers of СНPP-1, four boilers CKTI-75/39F-2-4 and two boilers TP-150-2. All boilers operate on a common steam collector of 32 atm, at 420 °С. Fuel is a mixture of blast furnace gas and natural gas in the ratio of 0.7-0.9 volume particles. The characteristics of the blast furnace gas are not constant: the elemental composition, humidity, and dustiness of blast furnace gas change significantly. Analysis of operation of CHPP-1 medium pressure boilers of OJSC “Mariupol Metallurgical Combinat named after P. G. I

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28

Ren, Tian Qi, Kai Fang, and Shi Hong Zhang. "Study on Influence to the Ceramic Glaze Color of Environmental-Friendly Pottery Brick by Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion Furnace of Natural Gas." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.706.

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This experiment consists of two parts. On the one hand is about the concentration of Variation of exhaust gas when heated potteries .On the other hand is about the compared between the potteries (Tang Dynasty) heated by natural gas catalytic combustion furnace and the traditional firing of the glaze. The potteries fired by catalytic combustion furnace could be used for decorating are not only more fine and glossy than the traditional, but also more translucent. Therefore, the potteries made by catalytic combustion furnace will be applied in decoration industries, such as decorative murals.

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29

Zuo, Z. J., Si Bi, L. R. Fu, Z. Q. Weng, and S. H. Peng. "Cooling System Design of Ion Nitriding and PCVD Composite Treatment Furnace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3462.

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Keywords: ion nitriding furnace cooling system vacuum system Abstract. About fuction of vacuum plasma nitriding furnace cooling system, and its design and calculation of main parts, in particular control of water consumption. The cooling water system have been set into the water flowing through the four heat shield, and gradually take the heat, then the coolant out by outlet pipe. Cooling water flows through layers of insulation to varying degrees of cooling, to ensure that each level of temperature, precise calculation of water flow can only be guaranteed to ensure the maximum water savings a

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30

Astacio, Raquel, Fátima Ternero, Jesús Cintas, Francisco G. Cuevas, and Juan Manuel Montes. "Medium-Frequency Electrical Resistance Sintering of Soft Magnetic Powder Metallurgy Iron Parts." Metals 11, no. 6 (2021): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060994.

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The fabrication of soft magnetic Fe parts by the medium-frequency electrical resistance sintering (MF-ERS) technique is studied in this paper. This consolidation technique involves the simultaneous application to metallic powders of pressure and heat, the latter coming from the Joule effect of a low-voltage and high-intensity electric current. Commercially pure iron powder was used in the consolidation experiences. The porosity distribution, microhardness, electrical resistivity and hysteresis curves of the final compacts were determined and analysed. The results obtained were compared both wi

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31

Pitak, N. V., R. M. Fedoruk, and L. M. Degtyareva. "Silicon carbide parts for protection of blast furnace tuyere noses." Refractories 34, no. 11-12 (1993): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01292740.

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32

I Wayan Sugita, Ferry Budhi Susetyo, Hanapi, and Moh Sahal Rifai. "Proses Re-Desain dan Perbaikan Furnace Dengan Daya 5000 W." METALIK : Jurnal Manufaktur, Energi, Material Teknik 1, no. 1 (2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/metalik.v1i1.8458.

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Abstrak Re-Desain dan perbaikan furnace dengan konsumsi daya 5000Watt ini dilakukan untuk memperbaiki dan menambah bagian-bagian dari furnace yang sudah ada. Hal ini dilakukan agar furnace yang lama bisa disempurnakan secara kegunaannya. Dalam proses re-desain mempunyai beberapa tahapan yaitu diawali dengan tahap pembuatan sketsa gambar, ukuran rangka, ruang pembakaran, dan dilanjutkan pada tahap pembuatan gambar kerja. Selanjutnya adalah analisis perhitungan jumlah kalor yang dilirkan dan konsumsi listrik yang terpakai. Berdasarkan hasil dari proses pengujian furnace, dapat disimpulkan

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33

Jordan, Donald, and Virginia Osterman. "Minimizing Alpha Case During Vacuum Furnace Heat Treating." AM&P Technical Articles 174, no. 3 (2016): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2016-03.p046.

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34

Zhao, Hong Xin, Zhang Fu Yuan, Yan Wu, et al. "Study on Thickness Control and Quantitative of Converter Lining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 2156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.2156.

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The thickness control of lining is vital to the normal operation of converter. Vulnerable parts of the furnace would be found and repaired timely by applying thickness measuring technique by laser. According to the measured results, the load part of the facet of the converter is the weakest location of the lining in the early campaign life, while the section of the trunnion is the weakest in the middle campaign life. When it comes to the later stage of campaign, the erosion of lining is severe. In line with the quantification of erosion parts, the lining thickness range can be divided into thr

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35

Lyaya, Edwinus C., Shadreck Chirikure, Philip E. Janney, and Thilo Rehren. "A Technology of Multiple Smelting Furnaces per Termite Mound: Iron Production in Chongwe, Lusaka, Zambia." Journal of African Archaeology 18, no. 1 (2020): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20200004.

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Abstract With exception of Maluma (1979) and Musambachime (2016, 2017), there have been no archaeometallurgical publications on the technology and culture of iron production in Zambia. This paper presents archaeological and archaeometallurgical evidence of a technology of iron production in Chongwe in terms of spatial organization, the process of metal production (either a three-stage process involving smelting in relatively tall furnaces, refining in miniature (vintengwe) furnaces, and smithing on a hearth or a two-stage process involving smelting and smithing), furnace air supply mechanisms,

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36

Kundu, Chitresh, Prabal Patra, Bipan Tudu, and Dibyayan Patra. "Method for Measuring Ultra-Short Distances Using RADARs for Burden Profile Measurement at Blast Furnace." Journal of Experimental Techniques and Instrumentation 4, no. 2 (2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30609/jeti.v4i2.12184.

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The operation of the furnace depends largely on the handling of gas distribution which in-turn is reliant on the burden surface profile. Measurement of burden profile has been a challenge because of the harsh conditions inside the furnace. Phased array radar will suffice this purpose with no moving parts; however, it imposes its own challenges. One of them is measurement of extremely short distances as the stockline in the blast furnace is just few meters away from the topmost part. Unlike conventional radar where the target is kilometre away the short distance measurement involves with time m

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37

Shi, Zifu, Pei Li, Yonggang Zhou, and Song Ni. "Numerical Study and Structural Optimization of Water-Wall Temperature-Measurement Device for Ultra-Supercritical Boiler." Sensors 24, no. 18 (2024): 6038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24186038.

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The temperature of the water wall in the furnace chamber is extremely important for the daily operation of a boiler. Considering the high temperature and dusty environment in the furnace, a temperature measurement device mainly composed of four parts (armored temperature sensor, in-furnace heat-collecting block, out-furnace fixing base, and protective cannula) was designed in this study, which could be used to directly obtain the temperature of the in-furnace water-wall. Numerical simulations of temperature measurement devices with different heat-collecting block structures were carried out us

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38

Krztoń, H. J., M. Niesler, and Z. Kania. "The application of the X-ray micro-diffraction to study some industrial problems." Powder Diffraction 28, S2 (2013): S133—S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715613001085.

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The X-ray micro-diffraction laboratory technique was applied to study the quantitative changes of austenite content in TRIP steels after deformation and to reveal the phase composition of precipitates in an inner part of a hearth of a blast furnace. The usefulness of this technique was shown by calculating the austenite content after tensile test in three different parts of a small tensile test sample and after a clinching test in two areas of a clinching joint. The calculations showed the decrease in austenite content in deformed parts in comparison to not deformed areas. The presence of vari

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39

ANTONKIEWICZ, JACEK, CZESŁAWA JASIEWICZ, WOJCIECH KĘPKA, et al. "Effect of bottom ash and soil contamination with cadmium on the chemical composition of maize." Agronomy Science 71, no. 2 (2019): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2016.2.2.

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The experiment concerning the effect of furnace waste on the chemical composition of maize was conducted under conditions of a three-year pot experiment. The arable soil was amended with bottom ash in the amount of 23.33 g ∙ pot-1 as well as with increasing doses of cadmium (between 3 and 15 mg ∙ kg-1 soil d.m.). Introduction of ash and cadmium in the amount from 3 to 5 mg ∙ kg-1 d.m. to the soil had a significant effect on the increase of the yield of above-ground parts and roots of maize. The application of cadmium in doses from 7 to 15 mg ∙ kg-1 caused a considerable reduction in the yield

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40

Liu, Zhenguo, and Zongxian Huang. "Influence of Steel Slag-Superfine Blast Furnace Slag Composite Mineral Admixture on the Properties of Mortar and Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9983019.

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A composite mineral admixture was prepared by steel slag and superfine blast furnace slag. The influence of superfine blast furnace slag content of the composite mixture on the mortar and concrete was investigated. The results show that the composite mineral admixture may decrease the strength of concrete at the early age but improve the strength development over time. Increasing the content of superfine blast furnace slag can reduce the degradation of the early strength. The reduction of the autogenous shrinkage and adiabatic temperature rise is significant when the composite mineral admixtur

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Kiyoumarsi, Arash, Abolfazl Nazari, Mohammad Ataei, Hamid Khademhosseini Beheshti, and Rahmat‐Allah Hooshmand. "Electromagnetic analysis of an AC electric arc furnace including the modeling of an AC arc." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 29, no. 3 (2010): 667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321641011028242.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a 3D finite element model of the electromagnetic fields in an AC three‐phase electric arc furnace (EAF). The model includes the electrodes, arcs, and molten bath.Design/methodology/approachThe electromagnetic field in terms of time in AC arc is also modeled, utilizing a 3D finite element method (3D FEM). The arc is supposed to be an electro‐thermal unit with electrical power as input and thermal power as output. The average Joule power, calculated during the transient electromagnetic analysis of the AC arc furnace, can be used as a thermal source

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42

Godoy-Rojas, Diego F., Jersson X. Leon-Medina, Bernardo Rueda, et al. "Attention-Based Deep Recurrent Neural Network to Forecast the Temperature Behavior of an Electric Arc Furnace Side-Wall." Sensors 22, no. 4 (2022): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041418.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) in an electric arc furnace is performed in several ways. It depends on the kind of element or variable to monitor. For instance, the lining of these furnaces is made of refractory materials that can be worn out over time. Therefore, monitoring the temperatures on the walls and the cooling elements of the furnace is essential for correct structural monitoring. In this work, a multivariate time series temperature prediction was performed through a deep learning approach. To take advantage of data from the last 5 years while not neglecting the initial parts of t

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Ortega Varela de Seijas, Manuel, Andreas Bardenhagen, Thomas Rohr, and Enrico Stoll. "Indirect Induction Sintering of Metal Parts Produced through Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Materials 16, no. 2 (2023): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020885.

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Avoiding loose powders and resins, material extrusion additive manufacturing is a powerful technique to produce near-net shape parts, being a cheap and safe alternative for developing complex industrial-grade products. Filaments embedded with a high packing density of metallic or ceramic granules are being increasingly used, resulting in almost fully dense parts, whereby geometries are shaped, debinded and sintered sequentially until the completion of the part. Traditionally, “brown” debinded geometries are transported to conventional furnaces to densify the powder compacts, requiring careful

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Zhao, Xiang Li, Li Xin Gao, and Jian Feng Li. "Research on Indirect Fault Diagnosis Method of Top Gearbox on Blast Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 823 (October 2013): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.823.9.

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Aiming at the difficulties in diagnosis for low speed and heavy duty components of furnace top gearbox, an indirect diagnosis method for vibration signal is proposed in this subject, through which the vibration features of high speed rotating parts that near input end of gearbox is effectively utilized and analyzed for fault judgment of low speed components and a useful methodology is also given for fault diagnosis of both furnace top gearbox and low speed and heavy duty equipments. Since the identification for all faults and accurate fault location cannot be realized by using the existing dia

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45

Ftatsi, Mbetmi Guy-de-patience, Tatsadjieu Yannick Ngandjon, and Chekam François Juvenaul Tamo. "Design and Construction from Local Materials of an Aluminum Recycling Foundry." Engineering and Technology Journal 9, no. 08 (2024): 4907–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13379081.

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In the low-carbon global aluminum cycle actual perspective, the need of remelting aluminum is in constant increase. The objective of this work was to build a portable aluminum foundry based on local materials. This foundry can be used to make small spare parts in complete safety and/or as practical melting equipment. The foundry is made up of a butane combustion Furnace and various tools for     handling molten aluminum. The Furnace was manufactured by recycling a defective gas cylinder. After removing the top of the bottle, we lined the inside with a layer of local clay wh

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46

Soboleva, N. N., and A. V. Makarov. "Influence of high-temperature treatment conditions on the structure and tribological properties of a nickel-based laser clad coating." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy) 27, no. 5 (2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2021-5-67-77.

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Laser cladding featuring by a minimal thermal impact on the substrate is an advanced method of restoring the working dimensions of parts operated under wear conditions. Ni–Cr–B–Si system coatings can be used in parts operated at high temperatures. The research was aimed to study the influence of heating and subsequent cooling conditions during high-temperature treatment on the structural phase state formation features of the coating obtained by PG-SR2 powder laser cladding (chemical composition, wt.%: 14.8Cr; 2.1B; 2.9Si; 2.6Fe; 0.48C; the rest is Ni), and properties achieved in this process (

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47

Yoshida, Isamu, Koshiro Mizobe, and Katsuyuki Kida. "Observation of Fracture Surface of Induction-Heated JIS SUJ2 Bearing Steel under Rotating Bending Fatigue." Materials Science Forum 904 (August 2017): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.904.24.

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Martensitic high-carbon chromium bearing steel is used for rolling contact applications in various mechanical parts. Induction heating is one of heat treatment methods which take shorter time and lower energy compared with furnace heating. In the present work, we prepared induction-heated and furnace-tempered JIS SUJ2 bearing steel bar specimens. After rotating bending tests, we observed their fracture surfaces. It was found that the very large fisheye crack failures occurred and the crack size increased with increasing number of cycles to failure.

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Semenov, Yu S. "Elaboration and realization of new approaches to diagnostic and control of blast furnace heat." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 2 (2020): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-2-123-131.

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Under conditions of unstable supply of quality charge materials and technological fuel, the elaboration of new effective means of blast furnace heat control becomes actual for reaching acceptable technical and economic indices of its operation. Results of the studies carried out at the BF No. 3 of Enakievo steel-works (EMZ, Ukraine) during the period from October 2011 until December 2016 presented. During the period, various fuel additives to the blast were used within a wide range of their variation, and composition of charge materials was characterized by numerous components and variable qua

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Astashchenko, V. I., and E. V. Purtova. "New Technology of Hardening of Chromium-Nickel Steel Parts." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1221.

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The structure and properties of the cemented products from steel 20H2N4A strengthened according to different schemes of chemical heat treatment is investigated. The reason of low static and cyclic firmness of parts is established. The new technology of hardening of parts which is based on application of low-temperature cementation is developed and offered. For a steel saturation process of intensification with carbon it is recommended to increase the content of hydrogen to 40% in the endoatmosphere and to enter a small amount of ammonia into the saturating atmosphere of the furnace.

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Prica, Călin-Virgiliu, Niculina Argentina Sechel, Miklos Tamas, Traian Florin Marinca, Florin Popa, and Nurulla Orayev. "Structural, Microstructural and Compositional Changes of the AISI 314 Steel Used in the Sintering Furnace Belt Depending on the Operating Time." Materials 16, no. 23 (2023): 7286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237286.

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The damage due to embrittlement of the sintering furnace belt and its replacement after a certain time of use represents a problem for the manufacturers of sintered parts. Finding out the reason for the damage could help to increase the duration of its operation. This research aimed to investigate the causes of embrittlement, considering both the temperatures and atmosphere of the sintering furnace to which the furnace belt is exposed during its operation. The furnace belt was made of AISI 314 stainless steel. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-

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