Дисертації з теми "Gels supramoléculaire"
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Baillet, Julie. "Gels supramoléculaires stimulables à base de Glyconucléobolaamphiphiles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0399.
Повний текст джерелаStimuli responsive gels, also known as smart materials, have emerged as powerful platforms thanks to their unique property to sense their surroundings and to change their macroscopic behavior in time and space for a wide range of applications from biomedicine to environmental chemistry. In this context, this dissertation is devoted to the design and the study of physico-chemical properties of novel responsive systems by chemical modifications of low molecular weight gelators(GlycoNucleoBolaAmphiphiles or GNBAs) sensitive to specific triggers: light, enzymes and pH. First, light sensitive GNBAs featuring a photoresponsive stilbene unit have been synthetized using a stereoselective metathesis reaction. The trans isomers exhibited strong and thixotropic gels inwater/ethanol mixtures. Photo-isomerization under UV-light led to the formation of the bended cis derivatives resulting in the 3D network destruction. The reversibility of this phenomenon was however partly limited owing to the cis isomer thermodynamic stability and the formation of by-product. Next, hydrophilic GNBAs displaying lactose moieties sensitive to ß-galactosidase have been synthetized. According to their structure, different gelation kinetics observed after cleavage highlighted that gelation ability was impacted in complex media. Similarly, ester-linked fatty acids GNBAs sensitive to esterase have been designed to expand the scope of the enzyme responsive set of gelators. Finally, pH-sensitive GNBAs containing an orthoester moiety were synthesized. Subjected to different pH values found in vivo they showed around 50 % of cleavage and the slow formation of high viscous material. Previously described ester based GNBAs have also been investigated in acidic or basic pH
Gallonde, William. "Synthèses et étude de nouveaux polymères supramoléculaires organiques et organométalliques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS105.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is dedicated to the synthesis and study of organic and organometallic compounds capable of making supramolecular polymers by using weak interactions. After a non-exhaustive literature review introducing supramolecular chemistry, the application of supramolecular materials in organic eletronics and more specifically in charge transport ; the characterization methods of these self-assembled polymers in solution and in solid state are also introduced. The approach strategy to begin with was to develop derived structures of TBA and TUA capable of selfassembly and providing an opportunity for functionalisation. Then by modifying the structure, we managed to control the self-assembly properties. They have shown capabilities of forming supramolecular polymers that can trap solvents in a 3D network and to self-assemble as well in a solid state. These self-assembly properties were exploited in the second part of this work to synthetize redox active ruthenium acetylides complexes using TBA and TUA derivatives as acetylides ligands. This allowed to form supramolecular metallopolymers and metallomesogenes in some cases. The third part of this work is dedicated to the development of a new family of compounds bearing the redox active s-tetrazine core that can self-assemble. This core allows to use donnor-acceptor interactions among others to form the self-assembly
Daou, Dania. "Intégration de moteurs moléculaires photoactivables dans des gels supramoléculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF021.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explored the integration of light-driven synthetic molecular motors in supramolecular gel networks. The main goal was to achieve reversible macroscopic motion by exploiting both the unidirectional rotation of molecular motors and the reversible nature of supramolecular interactions. Highly functionalized molecular motors have been synthesized and integrated as crosslinking units in supramolecular gel networks of diphenylalanine and poly(γ- benzyl-L-glutamate) peptides, as well as DNA oligonucleotides. Activation of the unidirectional rotation of molecular motors by light, allowed the production of nanomechanical work which is sufficient to disrupt supramolecular interactions in peptide-based gel networks leading to contraction or melting of the gel material at the macroscopic scale. Thanks to the reversible supramolecular interactions, the initial gel material was recovered in the dark, either spontaneously or by applying a thermal stimulus. The systems studied in this thesis represent a novel class of materials operating in dissipative out-of-equilibrium conditions, holding promise of applications in various fields such as biology, medicine and material science
Travelet, Christophe. "Supramolecular systems based on α-cyclodextrins and poly(ethylene oxide) : structure and properties of pseudo-polyrotaxanes, polyrotaxanes and sliding gels". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6033.
Повний текст джерелаWe studied the threading process between α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO° in water, thus leading to the formation of inclusion complexes called pseudo-polyrotaxanes (PPRs). At 30°C, we established that, in a first step, α-CDs thread onto PEO chains, forming PPR molecules. At a higher length-scale, rapid aggregation of the PPR molecules occurs and threaded α-CD-based nano-cylinders form. A higher length-scale, α-CD_based nano-cylinders associate in a Gaussian way engendering the formation of precited domains. Then, in a second step, the system undergoes its reorganization characterized by a compacity increase of the precipitated domains and forms a physical gel. Then, we studied chemical gels obtained by cross-linking PRs via their α-CDs. The chemical cross-linking reaction with divinym sulfone (DVS) does not occur in soft conditions so that highly cross-linked domains cohabit with less cross-linked ones
Fleury, Guillaume. "Des polyrotaxanes de haute masse moléculaire au réseau topologique : Les gels à points de réticulation glissants." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/FLEURY_Guillaume_2005.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA new class of supramolecular networks, where the crosslink points are not fixed but sliding, has been recently proposed and developed by Okumura and Ito. Their structure is based on intermoleculary crosslinked α-cyclodextrins / poly(ethylene-glycol) precursor polyrotaxanes. The intermolecular crosslinking between the polyrotaxane precursors leads to the formation of a supramolecular sliding network, the sliding gel. These specific networks are synthesized in two main steps: i) the formation of polyrotaxane precursors where the macrocycles are threaded along a template polymer chain; ii) the intermolecular crosslinking of some macrocycles. The sliding gels are expected to have very unusual physical / mechanical properties due to the theoretical ability of the crosslink points to slide along the polymer chain. The aim of this PhD work is to have more insight into the original properties of the sliding gels. For this purpose a controlled synthesis of the topological networks have been carried out and leads to a control of the complexation degree of the polyrotaxanes and of the crosslinking density of the topological network. The characterization of the sliding gels was carried out In order to explain the structure / properties relationships and to highlight on the sliding motion of the crosslink points. In particular the viscoelastic behaviour of the sliding gels in DMSO at low frequencies has revealed all the potential of the sliding crosslink points and underlines the high ability to relax with very low viscous dissipation of this material
Brandão, Ferreira de Moraes Thaísa. "Photophysical and electrochemical study of organic semiconductor gels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0060.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to develop multi-responsive materials based on electro- and/or photoactive molecules. During this project, we synthesized and characterized three different π-conjugated molecules: naphthalene diimide-bridged silsesquioxane (NDI-PS), viologen-bridged silsesquioxane (VG-PS), and cationic naphthalene diimide (DaO). Organic/inorganic hybrid materials were obtained by polycondensation of organo-bridged trialkoxysilanes incorporating naphthalene diimide bridges (NDI-PS) and viologen bridges (VG-PS). The organo-bridged polysilsesquioxane gels exhibit interesting characteristics for numerous applications, particularly in photo-/electrochromic properties due to the presence of electroactive centers. To understand their properties and their relation to the structure of the 3D network, we explored different orthogonal synthetic routes to these gels, studying their influence on the organization of organic motifs within the network. Additionally, we investigated the photoinduced processes of discrete NDI-based derivatives, which were found to be associated with aggregation and/or radical generation depending on the NDI-based derivative and experimental conditions. VG-PS was utilized to prepare electrochromic films via electrodeposition. Furthermore, we demonstrated the incorporation of guest species of catalytic interest, such as iron(III) tetrasulfonate porphyrins, within these films
O objetivo desta tese foi desenvolver materiais multirresponsivos baseados em moléculas eletro- e/ou fotoativas. Durante este projeto, sintetizamos e caracterizamos três moléculas π-conjugadas diferentes: silsesquioxano ponteado por naftaleno-diimida (NDI-PS), silsesquioxano ponteado por viologênio (VG-PS) e naftaleno-diimida catiônica (DaO). Materiais híbridos orgânicos/inorgânicos foram obtidos por policondensação de silanos trialcoolados ponteados por grupos orgânicos incorporando pontes de naftaleno-diimida (NDI-PS) e pontes de viologênio (VG-PS). Estes géis de polisilsesquioxano com pontes orgânicas apresentam características interessantes para diversas aplicações, especialmente em propriedades foto-/eletrocrômicas devido à presença de centros foto- e eletroativos. Para entender suas propriedades e sua relação com a estrutura da rede tridimensional, exploramos diferentes rotas sintéticas ortogonais para os géis, estudando sua influência na organização de motivos orgânicos dentro da rede. Além disso, investigamos os processos fotoinduzidos de derivados discretos baseados em NDI, que foram associados à agregação e/ou geração de radicais, dependendo do derivado de NDI e das condições experimentais. O VG-PS foi utilizado para preparar filmes eletrocrômicos por eletrodeposição. Além disso, demonstramos a incorporação de espécies de hóspedes de interesse catalítico, como porfirinas de ferro(III) tetrasulfonadas, dentro desses filmes
Pasco, Hélène. "When 19th century painters prepared organic-inorganic hybrid gels : physico-chemical study of « gumtions »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS296.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMediums were used by painters in order to modify the texture and drying properties of their paint. During the 19th century, British artists developed a particular medium made of siccative oil, mastic resin and lead acetate trihydrate. The so-called “gumtions” form gel-like materials in a relatively short time, outperforming the existing paint media. This thesis contributes unveiling the chemical processes involved in the formation and ageing of gumtions. As a first step, we focused on mastic resin since it is a key component for the preparation of gumtion. The triterpenic fraction of the resin was identified and quantified using GC and GC/MS. Moreover, we took advantage of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry so as to study the optical properties of varnish thin films as well as their behaviour (swelling) under various atmospheres. Then, we reproduced historical recipes that helped us afterwards to define simplified formulations to deepen the understanding of the chemical interactions between the gel components, made of oleanolic acid (commercial triterpenoid) and a lead compound (acetate or oxide). They were investigated at dierent scales by spectroscopic (FTIR, MASNMR) and supramolecular analyses (Cryo-TEM, SAXS). The use of these complementary techniques gives an overview of the gel’s structure and formation: rapidly, a coordination complex is formed between lead and the carboxylic acid moieties of the triterpenoids, that organizeinto2Dobjectsleadingtothesolid-likebehaviorofthematerial. After few months ageing, we observed the self-assembly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation.bly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation
Aimé, Carole. "Auto-assemblages chiraux d'amphiphiles cationiques : étude de la spécificité du contre anion à travers la formation d'hélices nano et micrométriques par confinement de tartrates et de nucléotides." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13469.
Повний текст джерелаRibeiro, Cédric. "Assemblages (macro) moléculaires à base de complexe intra et/ou intermoléculaire de CBPQT4+, X-." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CLIL0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe combination of polymer science and supramolecular chemistry has led to thedevelopment of supramolecular polymer materials with unusual structural, mechanical,and functional properties. These materials have already been exploited in manyapplications, including self-repairing materials, tissue engineering, and the controlledrelease of active ingredients. Supramolecular chemistry has proved to be a powerful toolfor modulating the properties of materials by controlling the dynamic nature ofsupramolecular interactions using appropriate stimuli. The work carried out within theframework of this thesis falls within this context, and its main objective was to developnew (macro)molecular assemblies based on intra- and inter-molecular CBPQT4+complexes. To this end, a new CBPQT4+-Fu derivative was developed, integrating a furanunit covalently connected to the CBPQT4+ host moiety. This derivative presents itself inaqueous media a self-included conformation in which the furan unit within the cavityexhibits extremely low reactivity (Diels-Alder) towards dienophiles. However, this can bereleased by adding a guest molecule (naphthalene) with a strong affinity for themacrocycle. This synergy, demonstrated at the molecular scale, enabling the Diels-Alderreaction to be triggered by forming an intramolecular complex, was then exploited to design various physical and chemically cross-linked hydrogels
Goujon, Antoine. "Macroscopic amplification of nanoscopic motions induced by molecular machines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF044/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe last twenty years have seen tremendous progresses in the design and synthesis of complex molecular machines, often inspired by the beauty of the machinery found in biological systems. However, amplification of the molecular machines motion over several orders of magnitude above their typical length scale is still an ambitious challenge. This work describes how self-organization of molecular machines or motors allows for the synthesis of materials translating the motions of their components into a macroscopic response. The three first chapters describe the use of a [c2]daisy chains architecture, a molecule able to perform contraction/extension motions similarly to the sarcomere units of muscles, into systems such as supramolecular polymers and covalent networks. Their inclusion into hydrogen bonding supramolecular polymers based on the uracil:2,6-diacetylaminopyridine recognition motifs combined with lateral interactions such as π-stacking provided micrometric muscle-like fibers contracting and extending upon deprotonation and protonation.The incorporation of ureidopyrimidone moieties as supramolecular connectors yielded highly organized gels, which evolved to a liquidstate upon contraction of the polymer chains. Finally, covalent poly[c2]daisy chains were synthesized and investigated, notably the formation of a 3D network swelling into a gel. This material could contract and extend at the macroscopic scale upon contraction and extension of the molecular machines used as monomers. Finally, a fourth chapter is dedicated to the improvement of contractile chemical gels made by using a molecular motor as reticulating nodes. A modulating unit, able to be switched between a “closed” and an “opened” state, was introduced into the polymer network along with the motor. The locked structure in the “closed” state allowed contraction of the gel upon rotation of the molecular motors, while the “opened” state allowed unwinding of the entangled polymer chains and extension of the gel when the motor is off. Overall, the work presented in this manuscript demonstrates that carefully designed molecular machines can be incorporated into large supramolecular or covalent assemblies, providing materials which collective motions alter their macroscopic properties. These results provide valuable insights for the elaboration of a new class of muscle-like materials based on molecular machines
Son, Sébastien. "Organogels et aérogels obtenus à partir de phénylalanine : étude de l'organisation supramoléculaire et élaboration d'un nouveau type de super-isolant thermique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0004/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince 1973, France's main objective in this domain has been to reduce the consumption of energy in heating residential and industrial buildings, which represents more than 40% of the national consumption. Consequently, the development of heat insulators has been the subject of research which has resulted in new materials: super thermal insulators with a thermal conductivity of less than 25 mW.m-1.K-1. Organic aerogels with a low density of Z-Phe-NH-Napht have been studied at LCPM for the past 10 years. Despite their very weak mechanical resistance they present a fibrillar structure which gives them very interesting thermal properties. A fundamental study of the supermolecular self-assembly allowed us to demonstrate the existence of two stacking methods of gelling molecules: head-to-head (monocrystals) and head-to-tail (gels) which are characterized by a specific infrared signature to the pseudo-cycles respectively on C12 and C10/C14. In addition, we also studied the sequential formation mechanism of these gels which resulted in a full model of their molecular organization from the single molecule to the fiber and based on a hexagonal packing symmetry. In aim of commercializing an insulator made from organic aerogels, we firstly optimized the protocol for obtaining aerogels to then work on improving their thermal and mechanical properties. We created a new hydrophobic insulator which has both a thermal conductivity in the range of the super heat insulators' and good mechanical properties that are compatible with industrial prerequisites for the construction of buildings
Zang, Ondo Cherryl Mirabelle. "Nouveaux composés gélifiants supramoléculaires biosourcés : synthèse et caractérisation des gels dérivés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0025.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is part of the continuation of work begun during previous theses of the laboratory on the design of low molecular weight gelling amphiphilic molecules, making it possible to obtain supramolecular gels. The first objective of this study corresponded to the synthesis of original derivatives associating 3 types of biosourced compounds, in this case glucose, lysine and fatty acids of variable chain length, all three of which are derived from plant biomass, with glucose from ligno-cellulosic biomass, lysine as a by-product of the sugar industry and fatty acids from vegetable oils. The proposed synthesis method is a direct method for each of the steps and avoids all protection/deprotection methods. The second objective was to highlight the gelling properties of these different compounds, by varying the solvent and concentration. Many gelling agents have shown ambidextrous properties, gelling water and organic solvents. The properties of the resulting supramolecular gels have been characterised by different techniques at the macroscopic level to determine the de-gelling temperatures, such as the inverted tube method or rheology, and at the microscopic level, such as microscopy. The interactions existing between the molecules and likely to be responsible for gel formation were highlighted by different spectroscopies (NMR, IR …), which led to the conclusion that the gelling process is governed by both hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds
Andrieux, Vivien. "Matériaux mous supramoléculaires électro-stimulables obtenus par auto-assemblage de viologènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0038.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is to develop electron-responsive supramolecular soft-materials. The strategy for the preparation and stimulation of such materials is based on the self-assembly properties of molecular units derived from 4,4-bipyridinium salts (viologens). The thesis research work carried has been focused on the structural characterizations, the study of gelation mechanism and the stimulation (electrochemical reduction or photo-reduction) of conductive gels obtained through the self-assembly of a cholesteryl substituted viologen. A first bibliographic part will describe the principal features of supramolecular gels, the challenges related to their characterization and electric stimulation and the potential of viologen-based supramolecular gels for the development of new electron-responsive supramolecular gels. The second part of the manuscript is devoted to present the experimental work performed for the synthesis, the formulation and the characterizations that led to the design of a conductive viologen-based supramolecular gel exhibiting ideal properties for electrochemical stimulation and in situ monitoring. The stimulation of conductive viologen gels, consisting in the electrochemical reduction or photoreduction are described in a third part. This part describes in details the different strategies used to reach an efficient reduction of the viologen moieties which are entrapped in the gel supramolecular network. This work demonstrates that the studied viologen gel is one of the very first systems able to undergo reversible electrochemically induced supramolecular polymerization and de-polymerization
Verove, Clémentine. "Conception de molécules amphiphiles originales à partir de xylose issu de la biomasse lignocellulosique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0357_VEROVE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTo follow the ecological transition and the awareness of ecological issues, chemistry has started to focus on the use of renewable resources, especially wood, as raw material for molecular design and as substitute for petrochemicals. Metropolitan France is a densely forested country (31% of the land is covered by forests), mostly hardwoods (62% of wood volume). Wood is a renewable and local resource of molecular building blocks for chemical syntheses.This thesis focused on xylose which is naturally present in various plants such as Beech. Moreover, Beech is one of the predominant hardwoods in the Grand Est region. This pentose, linked with biobased fatty amines, has been used in this work as raw material for the synthesis of amphiphilic compounds with surfactant, foaming and gelling properties. The synthetic pathways have been designed to minimize environmental impact and to follow the principles of Green Chemistry. The target molecules are bimodular compounds with amine link. They were obtained through reductive amination via catalytic hydrogenation in methanol with yields between 12% and 70%. All the compounds are surfactants and exhibit foaming properties. Only the long-chain compounds (C16 and C18) show gelling properties and allow to form hydrogels at concentrations lower than 5 w%.Regards to physicochemical properties, the long-chain compounds (from C14 to C18) seem to be the most promising products. The myristic compound (C14) exhibits the best foaming ability with the highest foaming capacity and a half-life time of foam above 24 hours. To a lesser extent, the palmitic derivative (C16) shows the same properties plus gelling properties in water. The stearic derivative (C18) also exhibits interesting gelling properties.Considering these results, applications in detergency or in cosmetics as surfactants, foaming agents or texturing agents seem to be possible
Daoud-Mahammed, Samia. "Gels et nanoparticules élaborés à partir d'un système associatif à base de cyclodextrines et de polysaccharides modifiés." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114839.
Повний текст джерелаSelf-assembling hydrogels and nanoparticles containing cyclodextrins (CDs) are designed on the “lock and key” mechanism. These systems form spontaneously after mixing two polymer aqueous solutions: i) a beta-cyclodextrin polymer and ii) a hydrophobically modified polysaccharide, dextran grafted with alkyl side chains. The alkyl moieties in C12 form inclusion complexes with some CD cavities, leaving also free CDs accessible for the inclusion of active molecules. In the first part of this work, the self-assembling hydrogels were studied as injectable drug delivery systems. Their rheological properties have been investigated and their formulation has been optimized. In vitro, the hydrogels allowed the sustained release of hydrophobic molecules. In the second part of this study, the physical stability, the formation mechanism and the structure of the nanoparticles have been studied, as well as drug encapsulation
Coustham, Thomas. "Synthèse de polymères supramoléculaires pour le renfort de bitume." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066658.
Повний текст джерелаSupramolecular polymers are assemblies of molecules or polymers which interact together by non-covalent bonds. This characteristic makes them sensitive to various stimuli such as a change of temperature. The aim of this project is to use non-covalent chemistry to jellify and improve mechanical properties of bitumen at temperature of use (0 – 70°C) without increasing the viscosity at the processing temperature (150 - 180°C).Two kinds of interactions have been used: hydrogen bond or π-stacking. The first one has allowed triblock copolymers, built with a central cohesive block and two external chains for compatibilization with the matrix, to self-assemble into fibers which can reinforce bitumen. Structural parameters and the nature of monomers have been adjusted to optimize mechanical properties and to avoid dissolution and degradation. Addition of a polymer end-capped with two cohesive segments has allowed improving the properties of bitumen by reversible cross-linking. The second interaction used, π-stacking, is already present in bitumen between poly-aromatics molecules, called asphaltens, and it is responsible for their self-assembly at room temperature. Two different strategies have been tested to connect these aggregates but have to be optimized
Rabouille, Catherine. "Les interactions et l'organisation supramoléculaire impliquées dans la formation du gel d'ovomucine : études biochmiques et biophysiques." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD157.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to understand in which biological conditions the ovomucin gel formation was possible. The ovomucin gel composed by ovomucin fibres obtained by dilution of hen egg white in distilled water exhibits a viscosity value comprised between 51 and 17 cP with a non newtonian behaviour when subjected to a velocity gradient from 0 to 300 s-l. When analyzed by gel filtration, it yields three majors peaks corresponding to ovomucin, ovalbumin and lysozyme. The interactions between the different components have been investigated by treating the gel with different specific agents and it has been shown that electrostatic interactions are involved in the globular proteins binding on ovomucin molecules while hydrophobic interactions take place in binding of ovomucin molecule together. It appears that the non newtonian behaviour persists if ovomucin fibres were present. The second part was the ovomucin purification in order to show that only the specific linear arrangement of ovomucin molecules was able to present viscous gel. We have induced a non specific aggregation by heating treatment and shown that it was not followed by an increase in viscosity of the ovomucin solution. In a third part, we would like to know the molecular structure of ovomucin, its size and shape, the mode of subunit association, the flexibility. . . Elastic and quasielastic light scattering experiments have been performed on purified ovomucin solution. This molecule is highly polymerized and forms a linear and flexible structure which appears as a random coil like molecule. The hypothesis of this thesis is to say that globular molecules of ovomucin interact together more or less specifically to form linear arrangement giving so the gel properties
Le, Duc Yann. "Auto-assemblage supramoléculaire de canaux ioniques vers des matériaux membranaires et des capteurs électro-chimiques macro-organisés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20196/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this study concerns the contribution of supramolecular chemistry at different level of membrane science. During the first part of our work, we have studied the dynamic self-organizing capacities of bolaform molecules. Different characterization techniques allowed us to define different structures, including ion or water channels for some of them. Transport capacities of those self-assembling molecules through lipid bilayers have been determined by several tests. Another study is about the use of a hydrophobic environment, by supramolecular interactions such as Van der Waals forces, to confine new functionalization inside mesoporous materials. Different materials, which use is determined by the confined molecules, have been obtained and characterized by several analysis methods. Furthermore, we have studied and optimized the use of electrodeposited silice materials on electrodes surface, then functionalized by alkyl groups, to form electrochemical captors by studying specifically the fullerene case
Rabaud, Dorian. "Synthesis and development of new bio-sourced Low Molecular Weight Organogelators." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS463.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOrganogels are supramolecular gels or physical gels formed from organogelators in organic solvents. These organogelators or low molecular weight organogelators (LMOGs) are small organic molecules (< 2000 Da) capable of self-assembly. This leads to the formation of elongated structures, mainly fibers, which form an entangled self-assembled fibrillar network (SAFiN), whose assembly mechanism is driven by non-covalent interactions. The objective of this thesis is to develop new organogelators from biobased building blocks. In a first step, we synthesized molecules based on tannic acid. By varying the nature of the groups and the chain lengths, we adapted the solubility of the molecules and mapped a family of molecules that, however, did not show interesting properties. Subsequently, we synthesized FDCA-based molecules containing amide functions. By varying the nature of the amine and the chain lengths, we discovered a new family of organogelators
Danila, Ion. "Bis-tétrathiafulvalènes rigides et tris-tétrathiafulvalènes de symétrie C3 : valence mixte intramoléculaire et agrégats supramoléculaires sous forme de gels et fibres électroactifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968547.
Повний текст джерелаD︣anil︣a, Ion. "Bis-tétrathiafulvalènes rigides et tris-tétrathiafulvalènes de symétrie C3 : valence mixte intramoléculaire et agrégats supramoléculaires sous forme de gels et fibres électroactifs." Angers, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968547.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with, on the one hand, rigid tetrahiafulvalene (TTF) dimers and the modulation of intramolecular mixed valence and, on the other hand, tris(TTF) derivatives which can auto-assemble to form organogels and fibres that might present supramolecular chirality. In the first part, compounds of the type (TTF)2(XY) (X = PPh, Y = PPh or SiMe2) were synthesised and characterised by X-ray diffraction on single crystal. Their reactivity and coordination chemistry were studied and the intramolecular mixed valence state in the oxidised species was characterised by spectroscopic and theoretic means. In the second part, a new family of compounds which combine electroactive properties thanks to the TTF moieties with a high degree of helical supramolecular organisation is introduced. The compound Ph[CONH-bipy-NHCO-TTF(SEt)2]3 shows good gelation properties in chlorinated solvents. A xerogel composed by two types of fibres was formed and becomes conductive following doping with iodine. The compounds (S)- and (R)-Ph[CONH-bipy-NHCO-TTF(S-2-methylbutyl)2]3, which have chiral isopentyl groups, form fibres that show only one helicity, as showed by optical and scanning electron microscopy studies, by circular dichroism spectroscopy and by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations
Delclos, Thomas. "Conception et Utilisation de nouveaux objets organiques pour leur transcription sol-gel : foldamères et auto-assemblages d'amphiphiles." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13451.
Повний текст джерелаRessouche, Emilie. "Nanostructuration de mélanges de polymères supra(macro)moléculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066758.
Повний текст джерелаSupramolecular polymers are polymers constituted or linked by non-covalent interactions. They can be classical polymers linked by stickers, named here “supramacromolecular polymers”, or self-assembled low molecular weight molecules, leading to a “supramolecular polymer”. In solution, supramolecular polymers, depending on their shape, can entangle and form thermoreversible gels. In bulk, unlike classical polymers, supramacromolecular polymers are dynamic, thus they can exhibit interesting properties (self-repair, adhesion, stimuli-responsive self-organized nanostructures). The aim of this thesis is to study bis-urea-based supra(macro)molecular polymer mixtures, in solution or in bulk. In solution, synergies are characterized, at microscopic (microstructure) and macroscopic scale (rheology). In bulk, low molecular weight molecules are mixed with supramacromolecular polymers on one hand, and supramacromolecular polymers blends are created on the other hand. The materials are studied both at microscopic (microstructure) and macroscopic scale (rheology, mechanical properties)
Pinault, Thomas. "Synthèse et étude de bis-urées formant des polymères supramoléculaires reversibles : contrôle des propriétés à l'aide de solvants et d'additifs." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066695.
Повний текст джерелаRoche, Gilles. "Synthèse d’inhibiteurs de la protéase NS3-NS4A du VHC.Matériaux organiques et hybrides auto-organisés pour les transistors à effet de champ." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0007.
Повний текст джерелаThe different works presented in this manuscript relate the most relevant investigations representing my career evolution along this last eleven years. First, we show how it is possible to explore new active molecules by developing innovating non-natural amino-acids. This investigation was supported by the docking software GenMol. We show here the structures evolution of the produced molecules according to desired properties and to last advances in the field. The enantio convergent synthesis supported by peptide chemistry allowed us to reach five final molecules with diverse antiviral potentials. Then, synthesis and structural investigation of the compound BHH-BTBT was broached. We describe here physicochemical properties of the packing and how they affect charge transport properties. So then, we achieved OFET with good performance that show interesting perspective for future sensors. Finally we reported the first integration of a semi-conducting material (BTBT) in a hybrid organo-silica material. This approach involved the conception of an informed sol-gel bis(triethoxysilane) precursor that allowed us to control the π-conjugated cores organisation during the creation of the material. With detailed spectroscopic monitoring we demonstrated a J-aggregation during the thin film formation and a reorganisation to a H-aggregation during the sol-gel process. After optimisation of the semiconductor/electrode interface, we obtained hybrid organo-silica field effect transistors entirely reticulated showing a high resilience to a large diversity of organic solvent
Giraudon--Colas, Gaël. "Caractérisation multiéchelle d'assemblages d'hémoglobine : de l'adsorption sur les nanoparticules aux gels nanocomposites Protein−Nanoparticle Interactions: What Are the Protein−Corona Thickness and Organization? In Situ Analysis of Weakly Bound Proteins Reveals Molecular Basis of Soft Corona Formation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF011.
Повний текст джерелаNanocomposite protein gels are still an underdeveloped subject in the literature despite many applications ranging from enzyme immobilization to prostheses to food gels. The protein ensures the gel biocompatibility while the addition of the nanoparticles will modulate the gel mechanical properties. We decided to focus on chemically cross-linked hemoglobin gels doped with nanoparticles. Hemoglobin (Hb) was chosen for its high abundance and its oxygen binding properties. The gels will be obtained by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GTA), a very reactive dialdehyde. The gels will be doped with silica nanoparticles (NP) in order to understand the effect of doping with model nanoparticles on the gel. The first part of the work will focus on the hemoglobin adsorption on silica nanoparticles in order to resolve the remaining unknowns on this phenomenon, which has already been studied. The adsorption isotherms as well as the activity of the adsorbed hemoglobin will be measured. The structures of the heme, globin and the Hb/NP assembly will be studied in details. Subsequently, works will focus on gels without and with nanoparticles in order to respectively elucidate the effects of gelation and doping. We will determine the concentrations of Hb, GTA and NP to obtain a gel. Then, as with the Hb/NP assemblies, we will look at the activity and structure of Hb (heme and globin).The structuring of the gel will also be studied. Works on the gel elastic properties will also be carried out and we will finish on the dynamics of the gelled protein. When possible, the concentration effect for the different components will be determined. For all these studies, a large panel of conventional technics to characterize proteins or gels was used. Many experiments have been performed in synchrotrons and neutron research centers (radiation scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism). Electronic paramagnetic resonance, rheology or electron microscopy, which are more accessible technics have also been employed. The most innovative aspects of this work were the effect of adsorption on heme and the understanding of the gelled protein structure, two aspects that had not been addressed until now
Rosa, Nunes Danilo. "Synthesis of organogels and characterization by X-ray techniques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS006.
Повний текст джерелаOrganogels are a particular type of gels formed in organic liquids by a supramolecular polymer network. These materials mainly differ from other classes of gels due to the nature of their network. Low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) tend to self-aggregate in a preferential direction. This leads to the formation of elongated structures, mainly fibers, that by continuous evolution of the assembly process form an entangled Self-Assembled Fibrillar Network (SAFIN). This mechanism of self-assembly is led by non-covalent interactions like hydrogen-bonding, π–π stacking, donor–acceptor interactions, metal coordination and van der Waals interactions. Forming a network only based on weak interactions highly affects the structural integrity, making organogels metastable and thermoreversible.There is a wide structural variety of organogelators that makes them such an interesting type of materials, allowing a wide range of properties and applications. The main challenge with organogels is predicting which gelator is capable of gelating which liquid. Therefore, the discovery of new organogelators is still mainly the result of serendipity and their gelation abilities are usually probed by exhaustive trial and error processes. Thus, arises a need to develop a methodology capable to decrease time and expenses when researching new organogelators or tuning their proprieties.This thesis contains two main experimental approaches. The first focuses on the determination of the molecular packing of organogelators within the fibers by scattering techniques. The second approach consists in the optimization of a methodology based on Hansen solubility parameters, that can be used to rationalize organogel formation. The combination of these two tools has allowed to study the effect that a structural alteration of the gelator has on organogelation. Five families of organogelators were synthesized with linear alkyl chains at different lengths. From these five families we could determine the crystal packing for three of them. These families show a regular evolution of the gelation sphere that is coherent with the crystal packing. Thus, for these families the prediction of the gelation spheres is possible. The remaining two families of organogelators presented and erratic evolution of gelation and it was not possible to accurately determinate the crystal packing. This behavior is probably due to small differences in the crystal habit between all members of the family
Belal, Khaled. "Hydrogels stimulables à base de complexes de cyclobis paraquat paraphénylène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10108/document.
Повний текст джерелаMultistimuli-responsive polymer materials play an important role in various fields of applications, (drug delivery system, tissue engineering, and self-healing materials. In the last past decades, supramolecular chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool to build such smart materials. Indeed, thanks to the inherent and/or induced dynamic behavior of supramolecular interactions, materials properties can be potentially tuned or even programmed. The main objective of this thesis, that have been carried out in the framework of the STRAPA ANR project, was to exploit host-guest interactions formed from the cyclobis paraquat paraphenylene (CBPQT4+) host molecule and electron-rich entities (tetrathiafulvalene, naphthalene) to conceive multi-stimuli responsive hydrogels. Two kind of smart hydrogels have been developed : physical hydrogels in which the sol-gel transition can be controlled upon heating or by adding competitive molecules, and chemical hydrogels with programmable swelling properties. In the last case, we have notably shown that the actuating behavior of hydrogels could be finely triggered by applying various environmental stimuli (T, red/ox, competitive macromolecules and surfactants)
Richard, Sébastien. "Silices hybrides organisées par auto-assemblage de précurseurs polyfonctionnels." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20175.
Повний текст джерелаThe synthesis of silylated precursors with self-assembly properties in order to create structured, silsesquioxane hybrid silicas by hydrolysis-polycondensation, is described in this report. First, a tri-silylated triphenylene model is shown. Two ester precursors have been synthesized, one bearing three propyl chains, the other bearing three undecyl chains. Synthesis and analysis of resultant materials is described. Acid catalysis in water/DMSO or water/THF gave the best results. Secondly, a tetra-silylated tetraphenylporphyrin was synthesized. This precursor bears ureas that creates intermolecular hydrogen bonds and propyl chains. The hydrolysis-condensation under basic conditions gave a structured material which was proved by X-rays diffraction. Nanostructures could be seen by transmission electron microscopy. The last model is a long alkyl chain bearing a polysilylated head at one side. Two molecules were synthesized, one with a decyl chain, the other with an octadecyl chain. These precursors assembled in biphasic, octane/water conditions, to give sheets and plates. The process depends on the catalyst and the precursor. The longest alkyl chain in acid catalysis gave the best results
Volostnykh, Marina. "Porphyrinylphosphonates : de la synthèse aux matériaux." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK044.
Повний текст джерелаA family of porphyrins bearing the meso-diethoxyphosphoryl group directly attached to the porphyrin macrocycle was prepared in fairly good yields (55-70%) according the Pd-catalyzed coupling of 10-bromo-5,15-diarylporphyrins with diethyl phosphite. Experimental procedures for their complexation with different metal ions (Zn(II), Mg(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Ru(II), Pt(II), Ga(III), In(III), Mn(III), Sn(IV)) have been developed. Next, their selective hydrolysis into meso-porphyrinylphosphonic acids or their monoesters has been investigated. Saponification of the diesters proceeds selectively in THF/MeOH mixture at 60 °C affording corresponding monoesters in high yields. To prepare porphyrinylphosphonic acids, the most convenient route is a two-step, one-pot procedure involving the treatment of porphyrins with TMSBr followed by addition of MeOH.The structures of seven complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, both alkyl and dialkyl porphyrinylphosphonates form supramolecular assemblies through the axial coordination of the phosphoryl oxygen atom of one porphyrin molecule to the metal center of adjacent molecule. The influence of the nature of metal ions and substituents at the tetrapyrrolic macrocycles on the crystal organization was explored and several unusual biomimetic supramolecular systems were obtained. Structural studies of self-assemblies in solution by means of NMR spectroscopy revealed that Sn(IV) complexes with monoester of meso-porphyrinylphosphonic acids form stable dimeric species through M…OP(O)(OEt) binding of two laterally shifted porphyrin molecules.Next, synthetic approaches to hybrid organo-inorganic materials based on porphyrins bearing phosphonate anchoring groups have been investigated. Covalent grafting of Ru(II), Mn(III) and Sn(IV) complexes with porphyrins onto a surface of mesoporous titanium dioxide through phosphonate anchoring group was developed. The catalytic properties of titania-supported Mn(III) porphyrin in the epoxidation of alkenes by molecular oxygen in the presence of isobutiraldehyde was explored. The possibility of catalyst recycling was demonstrated using the oxidation of cyclooctene as a model reaction.Porous molecular hybrid materials based on titanium dioxide and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[p-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]porphyrins have been also prepared by the sol-gel process in organic solvents. The hybrid material based on the metal free porphyrin change the colour in air due to the protonation of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle by the traces of water
Backov, Rénal. "Matière Organisée Hybride Organique-Inorganique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593471.
Повний текст джерелаCreff, Gaelle. "Mécanismes de structuration de silices hybrides auto-assemblées." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656670.
Повний текст джерелаLazrag, Mouna. "Optimisation du procédé de séchage d’organogels par le dioxyde de carbone supercritique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0279/document.
Повний текст джерелаDrying of organogels, gels composed of an organogelator such as amin acids dissolved in a solvent, leads to the formation of aerogels, very light solids with high porosity. These aerogels are expected to be very good heat insulating materials. Preparation of aerogels includes several steps. This process consists of three steps: preparation of supercritical CO2, drying of the gel in an autoclave with a CO2 flow and CO2-solvent separation carried out in a cascade of three separators. In this study both the last steps were discussed in order to optimize the process parameters. The used solvents are tetralin and toluene. The drying kinetic in the autoclave was studied, three different approaches have been exploited. Tetralin transport in supercritical CO2 within the gel is governed only by the diffusion phenomenon in the first two approaches, although, it is governed by diffusion and convection phenomena in the third approach. The mass transfer equations were solved by two numerical software Matlab and ANSYS-Fluent. It seemed that the third approach gave the most consistent results with experimental results. The understanding of the malfunction reasons of cyclonic separators downstream from the autoclave for the case of toluene required two studies: A CFD hydrodynamic study was used to simulate the fluids transport within the first cyclone separator, using the ANSYS-Fluent software. This study showed that the liquid toluene was not carried over into the gas outlet of the cyclone, indicating that hydrodynamic promotes the separation. For this reason, a thermodynamic study of both solvents, toluene and tetralin was performed. Cyclonic separation was regarded as a simple theoretical stage and simulated with PRO / II software. This study has explained very well the experimental results for both solvents and allowed to optimize the process parameters
Lebel, Olivier. "Application de la tectonique moléculaire à des systèmes auto-assemblés non cristallins à l'aide des diarylbiguanides et des diarylaminotriazines." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16786.
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