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1
Alsharari, Nizar Mohammad, and Mayada Abd El-Aziz Youssef. "Management accounting change and the implementation of GFMIS: a Jordanian case study." Asian Review of Accounting 25, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-06-2016-0062.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the processes of management accounting change (MAC) in the Jordanian Customs Organization (JCO) within its social context following public sector reforms. It focuses on the regulative way in which a new accounting system of government financial management information system (GFMIS) was implemented throughout three levels of an institutional framework. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an interpretive case study in which the GFMIS was imposed by the government. It draws on a framework that comprises three institutional approaches: old institutional economics; new institutional sociology; and power mobilization. Findings In the JCO case, the GFMIS contributed effectively to the development of a comprehensive approach to the preparation of the budget while it works to facilitate the estimated process of expenditures and revenues. The study recognizes that the implementation of GFMIS may have emerged primarily as a response to external political and economic pressures. The MAC was carried out in the “from-top-to-bottom” level of institutional analysis, which confirms the “path-dependent” and evolutionary nature of the change. It concludes that the evolutionary MAC in the JCO case study was not only a decorative innovation in management accounting, but was also represented in the working practices. It has produced comprehensive and timely information about strategic planning, chart of accounts and classification of assets, liabilities, and revenues and expenses at all levels of management and programs. The study also confirms that management accounting is not a static phenomenon but one that changes over time to reflect new systems and practices. Research limitations/implications The need for having an integrated GFMIS in the authors’ case arises from two key dimensions: increasing pressures from the International Monetary Fund to improve fiscal management and reporting, and the government needs to respond to the demand of better information disclosure. GFMIS has provided an integrated solution for public financial management through the automation of the entire life cycle of budget preparation, budget execution, and financial reporting. The system operates across all budget organizations to ensure transparency and accountability in all public resources transactions, including allocation, use, and monitoring. Hence, it has important implications for policy decision makers through linking all budget organizations, for the purposes of supporting the process of decision making in an informed manner. The study has important implications for the ways in which change dynamics can emerge, diffuse, and implement at three levels of institutional analysis. It also explains the interaction between the external origins and internal accounts, which identified that GFMIS is both shaped by, and is shaping, wider socio-economic and political processes. Originality/value This study fills a gap in the literature, as it explains the processes of MAC associated with the introduction of GFMIS in the JCO within its social context. It recognizes the institutional pressures that affected the emergence and diffusion of GFMIS and how they interacted through three levels of institutional analysis.
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حافظ, سماح طارق أحمد. "الدور المعدل للتدريب في العلاقة بين استخدام نظام ادارة معلومات مالية الحکومة (GFMIS)". الفکر المحاسبى 25, № 2 (1 липня 2021): 320–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/atasu.2021.181075.
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Hernandez-Alvidrez, Javier, Rachid Darbali-Zamora, Jack D. Flicker, Mariko Shirazi, Jeremy VanderMeer, and William Thomson. "Using Energy Storage-Based Grid Forming Inverters for Operational Reserve in Hybrid Diesel Microgrids." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In remote arctic communities, where access to a bulk electrical grid interconnection is not available, the implementation of islanded microgrids has been the most viable way to produce and distribute electricity services to their inhabitants. Historically, these islanded grids have relied primarily on diesel generators or hydropower resources to supply the baseload. However, this practice can result in increased expense due to the high costs associated with fuel transportation and the significant amounts of on-site storage necessary when fuel transportation is unavailable during winter months. In order to mitigate this problem, arctic microgrids have started to transition to a hybrid-source operational mode by incorporating renewable energy sources that are inherently variable in nature, such as wind or solar. Due to their highly stochastic behavior, these hybrid-source islanded microgrids can pose potential issues related to power quality due to introduction of rapid net load fluctuations and inability of diesel generators to respond rapidly. In addition, non-firm stochastic sources can require significant idling diesel generator resources to serve as spinning reserves, which is inefficient and wasteful. This work studies the problems that may arise in the transient dynamics of a real-world hybrid diesel microgrid when subjected to a loss of wind generation. Moreover, this work proposes a transition from a diesel spinning reserve to a battery energy-storage system (BESS) operating reserve scheme. The study of the proposed transition is important in establishing the fundamental implication of transient dynamics and the potential benefits of integrating a BESS as a spinning reserve in terms of stability, frequency nadir, and transient voltage deviation. The methods to investigate and validate the transient dynamics relied on both electromagnetic simulation models of GFMIs and a commercially available GFMI in an experimental power hardware-in-the-loop setup. The simulation results showed that the proposed operating reserve scheme improves the power quality of the system in terms of voltage deviation and frequency nadir when the microgrid is subjected to a loss of wind generation scenario. Depending on the simulation cases, adding a GFMI reduced the frequency nadir between 65.3% and 86.7%. Moreover, the reductions in the voltage deviations improved between 3.6% and 23.0%. From these results it can be concluded that the integration of a GFMI can reduce the frequency nadir in a hybrid diesel microgrid, and in turn, reduce diesel consumption, which improves system reliability while reducing fuel expenses. Furthermore, the novelty of this work relies on the fact that the offline simulation results were validated using a power hardware-in-the-loop platform that incorporated a 100 kVA commercially available GFMI as the device under test.
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Esawe, Ahmed Taher, and Eman Mohamed Elwkeel. "Managing the Digital Transformation, Strategic Management, and Tactical Actions to Implement GFMIS: an Egyptian case study." مجلة البحوث الإداریة 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jso.2020.223966.
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احمد محمد محمود, علاء. "دور المـــــراجعة المستمرة في تحسين الخصــــائص النـوعية للمعلومات المحاسبية الحكومية في ضوء نظام (GFMIS) - دراسة نظرية وميدانية –". مجلة جامعة جنوب الوادى الدولية للبحوث التجارية 2, № 1 (1 червня 2021): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mgsji.2021.271924.
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عزام, الدكتور محسن عبید, د. محمد موسى شحاته та هانی مصطفى عبد الوارث المزین. "دور نظام إدارة المعلومات المالیة الحكومیة GFMIS فی تحسین الرقابة على المال العام. "دراسة میدانیة بهیئة الإسعاف المصریة"". المجلة العلمیة للدراسات والبحوث المالیة والإداریة 15, № 1 (31 березня 2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/masf.2023.278352.
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محمد, مؤمن فرحات السید. "أثر تطبیق نظام GFMIS على خصائص المعلومات المحاسبیة کمدخل لتحسین جودة التقاریر المالیة (دلیل تطبیقی من وزارة المالیة المصریة)". مجلة المحاسبة والمراجعه لاتحاد الجامعات العربیه 10, № 1 (1 квітня 2021): 280–376. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/naus.2021.159556.
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محمود, علاء أحمد محـمد. "إطار مقترح لتطبیق المراجعة المستمرة لتطویر دور المراجعة الداخلیة الحكومیة لإدارة مخاطر نظام (GFMIS): دراسة میدانیة على الوحدات الحكومیة". مجلة الاسکندریة للبحوث المحاسبیة 6, № 3 (1 вересня 2022): 451–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/aljalexu.2022.268609.
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Tan, Shida, Roy Hallstein, Richard H. Livengood, and Waqas Ali. "GFIS in Semiconductor Applications." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, S3 (July 2016): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761600163x.
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Zhang, Xingying, Ying Wang, Gaoxing Luo, and Malcolm Xing. "Two-Dimensional Graphene Family Material: Assembly, Biocompatibility and Sensors Applications." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132966.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Graphene and its chemically exfoliated derivatives—GO and rGO—are the key members of graphene family materials (GFM). The atomically thick crystal structure and the large continuous π conjugate of graphene imparts it with unique electrical, mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical properties. Although those properties of GO and rGO are compromised, they have better scalability and chemical tunability. All GFMs can be subject to noncovalent modification due to the large basal plane. Besides, they have satisfying biocompatibility. Thus, GFMs are promising materials for biological, chemical and mechanical sensors. The present review summarizes how to incorporate GFMs into different sensing system including fluorescence aptamer-based sensors, field-effect transistors (FET), and electrochemical sensors, as well as, how to covalently and/or non-covalently modify GFMs to achieve various detection purpose. Sensing mechanisms and fabrication strategies that will influence the sensitivity of different sensing system are also reviewed.
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Ninan, Annu, Jan Grant, Jiancheng Song, and Paula Jameson. "Expression of Genes Related to Sugar and Amino Acid Transport and Cytokinin Metabolism during Leaf Development and Senescence in Pisum sativum L." Plants 8, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8030076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gene editing is becoming the plant breeding tool of choice, but prior to targeting a gene for editing, a knowledge of the gene family members (GFMs) controlling yield is required in the specific crop plant. Critical to yield are components from senescing leaves. We targeted genes controlling senescence in Pisum sativum and the release and transport of carbohydrates and amino acids from the source leaves to the pods and seeds. The expression of GFMs for cytokinin biosynthesis (IPT) and destruction (CKX), sucrose transporters (SUT), Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET), amino acid permeases (AAP), and cell wall invertases, was determined using RT-qPCR. GFMs were differentially expressed in leaves of different ages. The expression of many gene family members was lower in the expanding sink leaves compared with the senescing leaves, with the exception of two PsAAP GFMs and PsCKX5, which were highly expressed. Expression of specific PsSWEETs, SUTs, and AAPs increased in the mature and/or senescing leaves. Expression of PsIPTs was least in the mature source leaves, but as strong in the senescing leaves as in the young source leaves. PsCKX7 was expressed in source and senescing leaves. We discuss the potential impact of the targeted reduction of specific PsCKX GFMs on source-sink relationships.
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Krivkina, E. O., and L. V. Antonova. "Results of long-term patency of small-diameter biodegradable vascular prostheses with atrombogenic drug coating of sheep model." Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases 10, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2021-10-2s-36-39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Preclinical tests of biodegradable small diameter vascular prostheses on a sheep model have been carried out.Aim. To assess the results of long-term patency and remodeling of biodegradable vascular prostheses based on polyhydroxybutyrate / valerate and polycaprolactone with an atrombogenic drug coating in a large laboratory animal model.Methods. We researched vascular prostheses made of polyhydroxybutyrate / valerate and polycaprolactone (PHBV/PCL) 4 mm in diameter with layer-by-layer vascular endothelial growth factor incorporated into the polymer framework, the main fibroblast growth factor, chemoattractant molecule containing SDF-1a (GFmix) surface, and additional modifying drug surface heparin and iloprost (PHBV/PCL/ GFmix/Heparin/Iloprost). Animals with implanted synthetic Gore-Tex vascular grafts with a diameter of 4 mm were included into a comparison group.Results. After one day of implantation it was revealed that the patency of biodegradable PHBV/PCL/GFmix/Heparin/Iloprost prostheses was 62.5%, while synthetic Gore-Tex prostheses were thrombosed in 100% of cases. At the same time, after 18 months of implantation, the patency of biodegradable vascular PHBV/PCL/ GFmix/Heparin/Iloprost prostheses decreased to 50%. Passable drug-eluting polymer grafts were completely resorbed after 18 months of implantation, and aneurysmically expanded newly formed vascular tissue was formed in their place.Conclusion. Vascular prostheses made of polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate and polycaprolactone showed better long-term patency results than synthetic prostheses used in the clinical practice. However, the strengthening of the external framework of the prostheses is required in order to prevent the formation of aneurysms.
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Lee, Jihyoung, Younggeun Choi, Xiaopeng Yang, Gunhee Oh, Minjae Kim, Hyejee Kim, Jaheon Kang, and Heecheon You. "The Effect of Visual Attention Factors on Visual Field Testing for Maintenance of Gaze Fixation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The maintenance of gaze fixation during visual field testing is needed to accurately measure the functionality of the optic nerve. The present study is intended to analyze the performance of gaze fixation and evaluate five gaze fixation induction methods (GFIM) including black dot (BD; conventional method), changing color dot (CCD), alphanumeric characters (AC), flashing black dot (FBD), and bulls-eye with cross hair (BECH). Recruiting 32 participants (16 in 20s and 16 in 30s), the experiment was conducted in four steps: (1) preparation, (2) exercising the visual field testing, (3) main experiment for five GFIMs, and (4) debriefing. The performance of gaze fixation was analyzed in terms of correct fixation rate (CFR), and subjective satisfaction was evaluated in terms of ease of gaze fixation (EGF), eye fatigue (EF), and overall satisfaction (OS) using a 11-point Likert bipolar scale. The CFRs of the four new GFIMs were all higher than that of BD (BD = 86.7%, CCD = 87.9%, AC = 88.8%, FBD = 91.5%, and BECH = 88.0%). However, there was no statistically significant difference among the CFR averages of the five GFIMs, but the variances of CFR of the newly proposed GFIMs were all lower than that of BD. The subjective satisfaction of BECH (EGF = 2.0, EF = -0.4, OS = 1.6) was highest. Therefore, BECH was recommended for an effective GFIM to maintain the examinee’s gaze fixation during a visual field testing in both aspects of the performance and the subjective satisfaction.
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Garde, Raúl, Flávio V. Nakadi, Esperanza García-Ruiz, and Martín Resano. "Introducing multi-energy ratios as an alternative to multi-energy calibration for Br determination via high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry. A case study." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35, no. 11 (2020): 2606–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00359j.
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Nakadi, F. V., M. A. M. S. da Veiga, M. Aramendía, E. García-Ruiz, and M. Resano. "Chlorine isotope determination via the monitoring of the AlCl molecule by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry – a case study." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 30, no. 7 (2015): 1531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00055f.
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Wu, Huan, Robert F. Adler, Yang Hong, Yudong Tian, and Fritz Policelli. "Evaluation of Global Flood Detection Using Satellite-Based Rainfall and a Hydrologic Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 1268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-11-087.1.
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Abstract A new version of a real-time global flood monitoring system (GFMS) driven by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) rainfall has been developed and implemented using a physically based hydrologic model. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of this new version of the GFMS in terms of flood event detection against flood event archives to establish a baseline of performance and directions for improvement. This new GFMS is quantitatively evaluated in terms of flood event detection during the TRMM era (1998–2010) using a global retrospective simulation (3-hourly and ⅛° spatial resolution) with the TMPA 3B42V6 rainfall. Four methods were explored to define flood thresholds from the model results, including three percentile-based statistical methods and a Log Pearson type-III flood frequency curve method. The evaluation showed the GFMS detection performance improves [increasing probability of detection (POD)] with longer flood durations and larger affected areas. The impact of dams was detected in the validation statistics, with the presence of dams tending to result in more false alarms and greater false-alarm duration. The GFMS validation statistics for flood durations >3 days and for areas without dams vary across the four methods, but center around a POD of ~0.70 and a false-alarm rate (FAR) of ~0.65. The generally positive results indicate the value of this approach for monitoring and researching floods on a global scale, but also indicate limitations and directions for improvement of such approaches. These directions include improving the rainfall estimates, utilizing higher resolution in the runoff-routing model, taking into account the presence of dams, and improving the method for flood identification.
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Nakadi, F. V., M. A. M. S. da Veiga, M. Aramendía, E. García-Ruiz, and M. Resano. "Br isotope determination via the monitoring of CaBr transitions using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry. Potential for direct determination of Br in solid samples using isotope dilution." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 7 (2016): 1381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ja00114a.
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Aurenhammer, Peter K. "Nudging in the Forests—the Role and Effectiveness of NEPIs in Government Forest Initiatives of Bavaria." Forests 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper analyzes the use of new environmental policy instruments (NEPIs) and instrument mixes in government forest initiatives (GFIs), in Bavaria. It traces research questions on the repertoire of instruments applied and if an application of NEPIs leads to improving program effectiveness and legitimacy. In accordance with recent literature it assumes that GFIs, being developed and implemented for a long time in Bavaria, will make use of an instrument mix, including modern policy instruments; and that the use of such a mix of instruments would lead to improved effectiveness and legitimacy. The empirical paper aims to test these currently dominant theoretical thoughts and to contribute to further theoretical discussion with new empirical data, but it does not suggest a new theory. The primary data-basis for the analysis is qualitative interviews with 175 people from 16 GFIs, the selection of interviewees being based on social network analysis. The analysis uses an instrument typology as an analytical reference point and reveals that GFIs used a broad variety of instruments, both, traditional and new ones, to support and facilitate a range of activities in priority areas of forest landscapes, as expected. Some traditional instruments were modified for the use in GFIs only, other instruments were newly created for the purpose of GFIs, e.g., voluntary agreements between government forest administrations (AELFs) and private forest owners (PFOs). This supports assumptions from the theory that the most common forms of instrument integration would be layering and fusion. The paper also analyzes if the use of a mix of instruments by GFIs led to improving effectiveness and legitimacy, thereby contributing to a relevant question in the literature, because developing more complex policy instruments (NEPIs), is considered to help to avoid many problems of more traditional instruments in environmental governance. The analysis uses a set of theoretical elements, attributed to the use of NEPIs or modern instrument mixes, and compares these with actual empirical observations, to answer the question, if modern instrument approaches can lead to an improved program effectiveness and legitimacy. The paper concludes that the application of a modern mix of instruments did lead to an increase of short-term effectiveness, especially in road construction or improvement, but not to a noteworthy increase of long-term effectiveness, especially regarding forest conversion to increase forests’ climate resiliency, despite the application of nudging ‘in the forests’. Instead, nudging in the forests can result in increased conflicts and non-action, in some cases. Hence, the empirical evidence presented in this paper, does not (fully) support the assumption that a modern instrument mix would lead to improvements in effectiveness and legitimacy. It remains to be seen, if, in the longer-term, the improved road access would actually lead to more climate resilient forests; or what role natural hazards will play in this regard. Maybe, a more flexible design of the voluntary agreements and of eligibility criteria of funding schemes, could increase the share of forest owners, willing to participate and could enable processes of civic-knowledge integration and the development of more innovative, alterative-based, local solutions. Considering the strong, recent public engagement in climate change topics, this could be an opportunity to better integrate civil society to GFIs or to new forms of initiatives. A better integration of owners and society could also improve the legitimacy of GFIs, which is thwarted by the marginal participation of individual PFOs.
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Granicka, L. H., M. Wdowiak, A. Kosek, S. Świezewski, D. Wasilewska, E. Jankowska, A. Weryński, and J. Kawiak. "Survival Analysis of Escherichia coli Encapsulated in a Hollow Fiber Membrane In Vitro and In Vivo: Preliminary Report." Cell Transplantation 14, no. 5 (May 2005): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000005783983043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the observations was the viability and quality evaluation of E. coli bacteria encapsulated in hollow fiber membranes (HF) in short in vivo and in vitro experiments. A polypropylene, surface-modified hollow fiber was applied for immunoisolation of E. coli bacteria transfected with a green fluorescent protein (E. coli GFPI). The presence of GFP fluorescence of organisms was assessed with the use of flow cytometry. The E. coli GFPIs were then observed for the period of 5 days in in vitro experiments in the culture medium. A single IPTG (isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) induction of GFP gene appeared to be adequate for an expression of GFP protein for 5 days. The GFP expression values observed for E. coli GFPs encapsulated in HF during culture in different culture media were comparable. The survival of E. coli GFPIs encapsulated in HF after 1, 2, 4, or 5 days of subcutaneous implantation into mice was evaluated. The explanted E. coli GFPIs exhibited mean expression 603 ± 17 (n = 32) units of fluorescence during the implantation period. The values obtained were comparable for selected days of observation. It was observed that the membranes applied ensured the bacteria growth within the HF's space only.
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Jankauskiene, Rasa, and Simona Pajaujiene. "Professional Competencies of Health and Fitness Instructors." Kinesiology 50, no. 2 (2018): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.50.2.16.
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The aim of this study was to test professional competencies of the sample of health and fitness instructors (HFIs) according to EuropeActive’s educational standards at level 3 referenced to the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), and to explore the associations between the formal education of HFIs and their current competencies. The core knowledge (CK) of 155 HFIs and the specific knowledge (SK) of 54 fitness instructors (FIs) and 35 group fitness instructors (GFIs) were analysed. In addition, 43 FIs and 35 GFIs underwent an examination of their practical skills. Only 11 (7.1%) of the HFIs met the requirements for the CK. We found no significant differences by age, education, type of employment, or professional experience for the CK test. No FIs passed the test for SK. Only 10 (15.6%) of the GFIs passed the test for SK. However, adequate practical instruction skills were found for the FIs (n=29, 70.7%), as well as for the GFIs (n=31, 91.2%). Only three HFIs passed the overall examination for the educational standards at EQF-level 3. The results highlight the importance of testing the competencies of HFIs in other European countries and of promoting the need for lifelong learning for HFIs. The competencies of HFIs are an important source of trust for healthcare providers and other sector stakeholders implementing the strategy for the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
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Sudo, Shinya, Masashi Akabori, and Munenori Uno. "Fabrication of Josephson junctions by single line etching of Nb thin films utilizing nitrogen-gas-field ion-source focused ion beam." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, SB (January 25, 2022): SB1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac2ab4.
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Abstract We focused on a focused ion beam (FIB) technology, called nitrogen gas field ion source FIB (N2 GFIS-FIB), which can etch directly at the 10 nm level or finer. We performed single line etching of Nb thin film microbridges deposited by N2 GFIS-FIB and fabricated Josephson junction (JJ) devices. The microbridge area was separated into two parts by the processing line, whose width was around 20 nm. We performed electrical characterizations of the devices at low temperature and observed typical behaviors of JJ devices, such as a superconducting current region and current jumping to the normal current region in some of the deeply etched devices. We also observed an AC resistance oscillation in some of the shallowly etched devices. The oscillation may be due to a sub-harmonic gap structure that originates from Andreev reflection. These results indicate that simple single line etching of Nb by N2 GFIS-FIB can form JJ devices.
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Zhang, Panpan, Zhicai Li, Lifeng Bao, Peng Zhang, Yongshang Wang, Lin Wu, and Yong Wang. "The Refined Gravity Field Models for Height System Unification in China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061437.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A unified height datum is essential for global geographic information resource construction, ecological environment protection, and scientific research. The goal of this paper is to derive the geopotential value for the Chinese height datum (CNHD) in order to realize the height datum unification in China. The estimation of height datum geopotential value usually depends on high-precision global gravity field models (GFMs). The satellite gravity missions of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Exploration (GOCE) provide high-accuracy, medium–long-wavelength gravity field spectra, but satellite-only GFMs are limited to medium–long wavelengths, which will involve omission errors. To compensate for the omission errors in satellite-only GFMs, a spectral expansion approach is used to obtain the refined gravity field models using the EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) and residual terrain model (RTM) technique. The refined GFMs are evaluated by using high-quality GNSS/leveling data, the results show that the quasi-geoid accuracy of the refined DIR_R6_EGM2008_RTM model in China has optimal accuracy and, compared with the EGM2008 model and the DIR_R6 model, this refined model in China is improved by 9.6 cm and 21.8 cm, and the improvement ranges are 35.7% and 55.8%, respectively. Finally, the geopotential value of the Chinese height datum is estimated to be equal to 62,636,853.29 m2s−2 with respect to the global reference level defined by W0 = 62,636,853.4 m2s−2 by utilizing the refined DIR_R6_EGM2008_RTM model and 1908 high-quality GNSS/leveling datapoints.
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Yoon, Sangpil, Philsung Kim, Kyuchae Jeong, Yangho Chung, and Hyesoo Ko. ""The Impact of GFRIs’ Technical Support System on SMEs"." Asia Pacific Journal of Samall Business 42, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.36491/apjsb.42.2.5.
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Schmidt, Marek E., Anto Yasaka, Masashi Akabori, and Hiroshi Mizuta. "Nitrogen Gas Field Ion Source (GFIS) Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Secondary Electron Imaging: A First Look." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 4 (May 10, 2017): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe recent technological advance of the gas field ion source (GFIS) and its successful integration into systems has renewed the interest in the focused ion beam (FIB) technology. Due to the atomically small source size and the use of light ions, the limitations of the liquid metal ion source are solved as device dimensions are pushed further towards the single-digit nanometer size. Helium and neon ions are the most widely used, but a large portfolio of available ion species is desirable, to allow a wide range of applications. Among argon and hydrogen, $${\rm N}_{2}^{{\plus}} $$ ions offer unique characteristics due to their covalent bond and their use as dopant for various carbon-based materials including diamond. Here, we provide a first look at the $${\rm N}_{2}^{{\plus}} $$ GFIS-FIB enabled imaging of a large selection of microscopic structures, including gold on carbon test specimen, thin metal films on insulator and nanostructured carbon-based devices, which are among the most actively researched materials in the field of nanoelectronics. The results are compared with images acquired by He+ ions, and we show that $${\rm N}_{2}^{{\plus}} $$ GFIS-FIB can offer improved material contrast even at very low imaging dose and is more sensitive to the surface roughness.
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Zanatta, Melina B. T., Flávio V. Nakadi, Martin Resano, and Márcia A. M. S. da Veiga. "Calcium isotope determination in urine samples via the monitoring of 44CaF and 40CaF molecules by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 11 (2019): 2280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ja00233b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Calcium isotope determination in urine samples by HR CS GFMAS via CaF molecules. pH is a factor to consider guaranteeing the efficacy of CaF formation. Due to Cl interference, Ca should be separated from solutions by precipitation with (NH4)2C2O4.
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Schmidt, Marek E., Shinichi Ogawa, and Hiroshi Mizuta. "Contrast Differences Between Nitrogen and Helium Ion Induced Secondary Electron Images Beyond Instrument Effects." MRS Advances 3, no. 10 (2018): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTThe gas field ion source (GFIS) is able to generate tightly focused ion beams, which can be used to image or modify a specimen. Among the beam species, helium offers extremely high resolution, however, low sputter yield and sub-surface bubble formation are limiting factors in some applications. Therefore, heavier ions such as neon or nitrogen are used as well. In addition to being a suitable choice for lithographic mask editing, secondary electron (SE) generation by nitrogen beams has been recently shown to be affected by certain types of samples, providing additional contrast compared to helium ions. Here, we report our progress on the study of SE imaging differences between the nitrogen ion microscopy (N2IM) and helium ion microscopy (HIM). SE images of two nano-patterned samples comprising insulator, metal and carbon regions have been imaged by nitrogen and helium ions in two fundamentally different GFIS microscopes. The results corroborate previous reports of significant contrast differences in certain samples caused by the different ion species.
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Stefanelli, Dario, and Ronald L. Perry. "Effect of Ground Floor Management Systems on Root Architecture of Pacific Gala on M.9 NAKB 337 under Organic Protocol." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 997C—997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.997c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the main problems facing organic horticulture is orchard ground floor management. Several works report that ground floor management affects root architecture of fruit trees, changing the position and depth of the roots. The purpose of this work is to study the effects of orchard ground floor management systems (GFMS) in an apple orchard under organic protocol in Michigan. The research was conducted at the Clarksville Horticultural Experimental Station of Michigan State University, in the organically certified (by OCIA) orchard of `Pacific Gala' grafted on M9 NAKB 337, established in May 2000. The GFMS being studied are: 1) mulch (MU) made of alfalfa hay on the tree rows, with a width of 2 m; 2) “Swiss Sandwich System” (SSS) that consists in superficial tillage of two strips 90 cm wide at each side of the tree row, leaving a 40-cm strip in the middle (under the canopy) where volunteer vegetation is allowed to grow; 3) flaming (FL) of the weeds in a 2-m strip underneath the tree canopy by a propane burner. Root architecture was studied in Sept. 2005 through the frequency of roots by the profile wall method. Trenches (3.36-m long × 1.32-m deep) were dug in the soil 45 cm from the tree trunk. Two 158 cm × 130 cm metal grid frames divided by strings into a 28 cm × 22 cm grid were placed against the profile faces to facilitate the counting and mapping of the root distribution. The GFMS did affect the root distribution of the two classes of roots under study (<2 mm and >2mm). In the FL and MU treatments, roots were noticed to be superficial and their frequency was higher close to the tree. In SSS, root frequency was similar until 80 cm deep in the soil profile and they extended farther from the tree.
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Teixeira da Encarnação, João, Pieter Visser, Daniel Arnold, Aleš Bezdek, Eelco Doornbos, Matthias Ellmer, Junyi Guo, et al. "Description of the multi-approach gravity field models from Swarm GPS data." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 1385–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1385-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Although the knowledge of the gravity of the Earth has improved considerably with CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE (see appendices for a list of abbreviations) satellite missions, the geophysical community has identified the need for the continued monitoring of the time-variable component with the purpose of estimating the hydrological and glaciological yearly cycles and long-term trends. Currently, the GRACE-FO satellites are the sole dedicated provider of these data, while previously the GRACE mission fulfilled that role for 15 years. There is a data gap spanning from July 2017 to May 2018 between the end of the GRACE mission and start the of GRACE-FO, while the Swarm satellites have collected gravimetric data with their GPS receivers since December 2013. We present high-quality gravity field models (GFMs) from Swarm data that constitute an alternative and independent source of gravimetric data, which could help alleviate the consequences of the 10-month gap between GRACE and GRACE-FO, as well as the short gaps in the existing GRACE and GRACE-FO monthly time series. The geodetic community has realized that the combination of different gravity field solutions is superior to any individual model and set up the Combination Service of Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G) under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS), part of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). We exploit this fact and deliver the highest-quality monthly GFMs, resulting from the combination of four different gravity field estimation approaches. All solutions are unconstrained and estimated independently from month to month. We tested the added value of including kinematic baselines (KBs) in our estimation of GFMs and conclude that there is no significant improvement. The non-gravitational accelerations measured by the accelerometer on board Swarm C were also included in our processing to determine if this would improve the quality of the GFMs, but we observed that is only the case when the amplitude of the non-gravitational accelerations is higher than during the current quiet period in solar activity. Using GRACE data for comparison, we demonstrate that the geophysical signal in the Swarm GFMs is largely restricted to spherical harmonic degrees below 12. A 750 km smoothing radius is suitable to retrieve the temporal variations in Earth's gravity field over land areas since mid-2015 with roughly 4 cm equivalent water height (EWH) agreement with respect to GRACE. Over ocean areas, we illustrate that a more intense smoothing with 3000 km radius is necessary to resolve large-scale gravity variations, which agree with GRACE roughly at the level of 1 cm EWH, while at these spatial scales the GRACE observes variations with amplitudes between 0.3 and 1 cm EWH. The agreement with GRACE and GRACE-FO over nine selected large basins under analysis is 0.91 cm, 0.76 cm yr−1, and 0.79 in terms of temporal mean, trend, and correlation coefficient, respectively. The Swarm monthly models are distributed on a quarterly basis at ESA's Earth Swarm Data Access (at https://swarm-diss.eo.esa.int/, last access: 5 June 2020, follow Level2longterm and then EGF) and at the International Centre for Global Earth Models (http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/series/02_COST-G/Swarm, last access: 5 June 2020), as well as identified with the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/ICGEM.2019.006 (Encarnacao et al., 2019).
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Lee, Myung-Won, and Keun-Chang Kwak. "Optimization by Context Refinement for Development of Incremental Granular Models." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111916.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Optimization by refinement of linguistic contexts produced from an output variable in the construction of an incremental granular model (IGM) is presented herein. In contrast to the conventional learning method using the backpropagation algorithm, we use a novel method to learn both the cluster centers of Gaussian fuzzy sets representing the symmetry in the premise part and the contexts of the consequent part in the if–then fuzzy rules. Hence, we use the fundamental concept of context-based fuzzy clustering and design with an integration of linear regression (LR) and granular fuzzy models (GFMs). This GFM is constructed based on the association between the triangular membership function produced both in the input–output variables. The context can be established by the system user or using an optimization method. Hence, we can obtain superior performances based on the combination of simple linear regression and local GFMs optimized by context refinement. Experimental results pertaining to coagulant dosing in a water purification plant and automobile miles per gallon prediction revealed that the presented method performed better than linear regression, multilinear perceptron, radial basis function networks, linguistic model, and the IGM.
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Antonova, Larisa V., Andrey V. Mironov, Arseniy E. Yuzhalin, Evgeniya O. Krivkina, Amin R. Shabaev, Maria A. Rezvova, Vadim O. Tkachenko, et al. "A Brief Report on an Implantation of Small-Caliber Biodegradable Vascular Grafts in a Carotid Artery of the Sheep." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13050101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of novel biodegradable vascular grafts of a small diameter (<6 mm) is an unmet clinical need for patients requiring arterial replacement. Here we performed a pre-clinical study of new small-caliber biodegradable vascular grafts using a sheep model of carotid artery implantation. The 4 mm diameter vascular grafts were manufactured using a mix of polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate and polycaprolactone supplemented with growth factors VEGF, bFGF and SDF-1α (PHBV/PCL-GFmix) and additionally modified by a polymer hydrogel coating with incorporation of drugs heparin and iloprost (PHBV/PCL-GFmixHep/Ilo). Animals with carotid artery autograft implantation and those implanted with clinically used GORE-TEX® grafts were used as control groups. We observed that 24 h following surgery, animals with carotid artery autograft implantation showed 87.5% patency, while all the PHBV/PCL-GFmix and GORE-TEX® grafts displayed thrombosis. PHBV/PCL-GFmixHep/Ilo grafts demonstrated 62.5% patency 24 h following surgery and it had remained at 50% 1 year post-operation. All the PHBV/PCL grafts completely degraded less than 1 year following surgery and were replaced by de novo vasculature without evidence of calcification. On the other hand, GORE-TEX® grafts displayed substantial amounts of calcium deposits throughout graft tissues. Thus, here we report a potential clinical usefulness of PHBV/PCL grafts upon their additional modification by growth factors and drugs to promote endothelialization and reduce thrombogenicity.
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Jablonski, Bartosz, Andrzej Bajguz, Joanna Bocian, Waclaw Orczyk, and Anna Nadolska-Orczyk. "Genotype-Dependent Effect of Silencing of TaCKX1 and TaCKX2 on Phytohormone Crosstalk and Yield-Related Traits in Wheat." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 11494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111494.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of silenced TaCKX1 and TaCKX2 on coexpression of other TaCKX gene family members (GFMs), phytohormone regulation and yield-related traits was tested in awned-spike cultivar. We documented a strong feedback mechanism of regulation of TaCKX GFM expression in which silencing of TaCKX1 upregulated expression of TaCKX2 genes and vice versa. Additionally, downregulation of TaCKX2 highly upregulated the expression of TaCKX5 and TaNAC2-5A. In contrast, expression of these genes in silenced TaCKX1 was downregulated. Silenced TaCKX1 T2 lines with expression decreased by 47% had significantly higher thousand grain weight (TGW) and seedling root mass. Silenced TaCKX2 T2 lines with expression of TaCKX2.2.1 and TaCKX2.2.2 decreased by 33% and 30%, respectively, had significantly higher chlorophyll content in flag leaves. TaCKX GFM expression, phytohormone metabolism and phenotype were additionally modified by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Two novel phytohormones, phenylacetic acid (PAA) and topolins, lack of gibberellic acid (GA) and changed phytohormone contents in the 7 days after pollination (DAP) spikes of the awned-spike cultivar compared to a previously tested, awnless one, were detected. We documented that major mechanisms of coregulation of the expression of TaCKX GFMs were similar in different spring wheat cultivars, but, depending on content and composition of phytohormones, regulation of yield-related traits was variously impacted.
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Shichi, Hiroyasu, Shinichi Matsubara, and Tomihiro Hashizume. "Characteristics Comparison of Neon, Argon, and Krypton Ion Emissions from Gas Field Ionization Sources with a Single-Atom Tip." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618016227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA scanning ion beam instrument equipped with a gas field ionization source (GFIS) has been commercialized, but only helium and neon are currently available as GFISs. In this study, the characteristics of neon, argon, and krypton ion emissions from a single-atom tip are compared, specifically for faster fabrication by milling of a silicon sample. Although the boiling point of argon is about 87 K, our experiments on characterizing argon ion emission can be carried out at temperatures of about 50 K at an argon gas pressure lower than 0.1 Pa. Argon exhibits ion current characteristics, as a function of tip voltage, between those of neon and krypton. The value obtained by multiplying the ion emission current by the sputtering yield is suitable for a figure of merit (FOM) for faster fabrication. The FOM for argon is the highest among the three ion species. This value must be extensively evaluated from the viewpoint of practical nano-fabrication application. The instabilities of neon, argon, and krypton ion currents (3σ) become as low as 8% in 1 h, which is sufficient for fabrication applications. We conclude that an argon or krypton GFIS ion beam instrument will be a useful tool for nano-fabrication.
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Jablonski, Bartosz, Karolina Szala, Mateusz Przyborowski, Andrzej Bajguz, Magdalena Chmur, Sebastian Gasparis, Waclaw Orczyk, and Anna Nadolska-Orczyk. "TaCKX2.2 Genes Coordinate Expression of Other TaCKX Family Members, Regulate Phytohormone Content and Yield-Related Traits of Wheat." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 4142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
TaCKX gene family members (GFMs) play essential roles in the regulation of cytokinin during wheat development and significantly influence yield-related traits. However, detailed function of most of them is not known. To characterize the role of TaCKX2.2 genes we silenced all homoeologous copies of both TaCKX2.2.1 and TaCKX2.2.2 by RNAi technology and observed the effect of silencing in 7 DAP spikes of T1 and T2 generations. The levels of gene silencing of these developmentally regulated genes were different in both generations, which variously determined particular phenotypes. High silencing of TaCKX2.2.2 in T2 was accompanied by slight down-regulation of TaCKX2.2.1 and strong up-regulation of TaCKX5 and TaCKX11, and expression of TaCKX1, TaCKX2.1, and TaCKX9 was comparable to the non-silenced control. Co-ordinated expression of TaCKX2.2.2 with other TaCKX GFMs influenced phytohormonal homeostasis. Contents of isoprenoid, active cytokinins, their conjugates, and auxin in seven DAP spikes of silenced T2 plants increased from 1.27 to 2.51 times. However, benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were significantly reduced and GA3 was not detected. We documented a significant role of TaCKX2.2.2 in the regulation of thousand grain weight (TGW), grain number, and chlorophyll content, and demonstrated the formation of a homeostatic feedback loop between the transcription of tested genes and phytohormones. We also discuss the mechanism of regulation of yield-related traits.
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Zhang, Yun, and Chaoxia Qin. "A Gaussian-Shaped Fuzzy Inference System for Multi-Source Fuzzy Data." Systems 10, no. 6 (December 15, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10060258.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fuzzy control theory has been extensively used in the construction of complex fuzzy inference systems. However, we argue that existing fuzzy control technologies focus mainly on the single-source fuzzy information system, disregarding the complementary nature of multi-source data. In this paper, we develop a novel Gaussian-shaped Fuzzy Inference System (GFIS) driven by multi-source fuzzy data. To this end, we first propose an interval-value normalization method to address the heterogeneity of multi-source fuzzy data. The contribution of our interval-value normalization method involves mapping heterogeneous fuzzy data to a unified distribution space by adjusting the mean and variance of data from each information source. As a result of combining the normalized descriptions from various sources for an object, we can obtain a fused representation of that object. We then derive an adaptive Gaussian-shaped membership function based on the addition law of the Gaussian distribution. GFIS uses it to dynamically granulate fusion inputs and to design inference rules. This proposed membership function has the advantage of being able to adapt to changing information sources. Finally, we integrate the normalization method and adaptive membership function to the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) model and present a modified fuzzy inference framework. Applying our methodology to four datasets, we confirm that the data do lend support to the theory implying the improved performance and effectiveness.
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Morgan, John, John Notte, Raymond Hill, and Bill Ward. "An Introduction to the Helium Ion Microscope." Microscopy Today 14, no. 4 (July 2006): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500050240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to get high resolution images from any scanning beam microscope one must be able to produce a sufficiently small probe, have a small interaction volume in the substrate and have an abundance of information-rich particles to collect to create the image. A typical scanning electron microscope is able to meet all of these requirements to some degree. However, a helium ion microscope based on a Gas Field Ion Source (GFIS) has significant advantages over the SEM in all three categories.
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Simon, Fabian, Lennart Gehrenkemper, Marcus von der Au, Philipp Wittwer, Philipp Roesch, Jens Pfeifer, Antje Cossmer, and Björn Meermann. "A fast and simple PFAS extraction method utilizing HR–CS–GFMAS for soil samples." Chemosphere 295 (May 2022): 133922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133922.
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Du, Yongqiang, Guang Zhang, and Wenying Feng. "Existence of Positive Solutions for a Class of Nonlinear Algebraic Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6120169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on Guo-Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem, the existence of positive solutions for a class of nonlinear algebraic systems of the formx=GFxis studied firstly, whereGis a positiven×nsquare matrix,x=col(x1,x2,…,xn), andF(x)=col(f(x1),f(x2),…,f(xn)), where,F(x)is not required to be satisfied sublinear or superlinear at zero point and infinite point. In addition, a new cone is constructed inRn. Secondly, the obtained results can be extended to some more general nonlinear algebraic systems, where the coefficient matrixGand the nonlinear term are depended on the variablex. Corresponding examples are given to illustrate these results.
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Akisik, Orhan, and Mzamo P. Mangaliso. "How IFRS influence the relationship between the types of FDI and economic growth." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 21, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-02-2018-0025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), types of foreign direct investment (FDI) – greenfield investments (GFIs) and mergers and acquisitions (M&As) – and economic growth in 49 African countries between 2003 and 2017. Design/methodology/approach In the study, panel data fixed effects and generalized method of moments estimation techniques are used in order to test the hypotheses. Findings Using country-level data obtained from the World Development Indicators, The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and World Governance Indicators websites, the authors find that IFRS and the types of FDI are significantly related to economic growth. Moreover, our results provide evidence that the effect of GFIs and M&As on growth is influenced by IFRS positively. Research limitations/implications With a handful of exceptions, most African countries do not have active stock markets. Therefore, the authors were unable to determine the effect of capital markets on growth. Practical implications FDI has the potential to contribute to economic growth and quality of life. Our findings suggest that policymakers should create incentives for attracting FDI and effective enforcement of IFRS in order to unleash the benefits of FDI on their economies. Originality/value The study provides important insights into the effects of types of FDI on the economic growth of African countries and into the role that IFRS play on this relationship.
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Antonova, L. V., E. O. Krivkina, M. Yu Khanova, E. A. Velikanova, V. G. Matveeva, А. V. Mironov, A. R. Shabaev, et al. "Results of preclinical trials in a sheep model of biodegradable small-diameter vascular grafts." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 24, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2022-3-80-93.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Surface modification of polymer vascular matrices is a promising development for preventing vascular graft thrombosis, improving long-term patency and accelerating remodeling. Objective: to study the outcomes of long-term patency of PHBV/PCL/GFmix grafts with iloprost (Ilo) and heparin (Hep) implanted into the carotid artery of sheep. Materials and methods. Matrices 04 mm were fabricated by electrospinning from a polymer composition of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(s-caprolactone) (PCL) with incorporation of endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and chemoattractant molecule (SDF-1a). The fabricated matrices were then modified with Ilo and Hep by complexation via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Synthetic Gore-Tex grafts were used as a comparison group. The physical and mechanical properties of the studied matrix groups were evaluated, the surface structure of vascular grafts before and after implantation was assessed. Vascular grafts were implanted into the carotid artery of a sheep. The explanted samples were studied via histological and immunofluorescence analysis, the elemental composition of the obtained vascular graft samples was also assessed, and the gene expression profile was evaluated. Results. One day after implantation, the patency of PHBV/PCL/GFmixHep/n° vascular grafts was 62.5%, whereas synthetic Gore-Tex grafts had thrombosis in 100% of cases. At the same time, after 18 months of implantation, the patency of biodegradable PHBV/PCL/GFmixHep/n° vascular grafts decreased to 50%. Permeable drug-coated polymer grafts were completely reabsorbed after 18 months of implantation, and aneurysmally dilated newly-formed vascular tissue was formed in their place. Conclusion. Modification of the surface of PHBV/PCL/GFmix polymer grafts with Hep + Ilo coating improved long-term patency outcomes compared to synthetic Gore-Tex grafts.
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Shu, Zhan, Yu Han, Jinguang Xiao, and Jian Li. "Effect of medical insurance and family financial risk on healthcare utilisation by patients with chronic diseases in China: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e030799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030799.
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ObjectiveTo assess the joint cumulative effects of medical insurance and family health financial risk on healthcare utilisation among patients with chronic conditions in China.DesignA nationwide population-based case–control study with multinomial logistic regression was conducted and used to estimate the ORs of healthcare utilisation against type of medical insurance and family health financial risk using the Anderson model as a theoretical framework.SettingChina Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database.ParticipantsThe study sample included 5260 patients with chronic conditions identified from the 2014 CFPS database.Main outcome measuresThe participants were classified by their health insurance coverage: urban employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI), Gong Fei Medical Insurance (GFMI), new rural cooperative medical scheme (NCMS) and urban residents basic medical insurance. Healthcare utilisation was measured by assessing the care level provided by the health institutions selected by patients when they were sick. Health financial risk was measured using the cost of medical expenditures and annual family income over the past year.ResultsPatients were more likely to choose hospital care than care from primary health centres. Patients with NCMS preferred primary healthcare, compared with patients with no medical insurance (OR 1.852, 95% CI 1.458 to 2.352). Patients with UEBMI and GFMI made use of hospital healthcare services (OR 2.654, 95% CI 1.85 to 3.81; OR 1.629, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.30, respectively). Patients who had medium or high financial risk were more likely to choose tertiary/specialised hospital care, compared with those at low financial risk (OR 1.629, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.30; OR 1.220, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.43, respectively).ConclusionsThe majority of patients chose hospital care in our sample. There was a joint effect and relationship between degree of family health financial risk and medical insurance on healthcare utilisation.
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Gao, Shu Ling, Wei Shao, Jin Li Qiao, and Ling Wang. "Toughness of ECC Evaluated by Nominal Fracture Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ECC (Engineered Cementitious Composites) has ultra-high toughness and can be used in the zone needing the ultra-high tensile strain and very high durability. In order to investigate the toughness of ECC, the normal fracture energy GFis calculated and compared with ordinary concrete. The influence of the matrix (fly ash, silicon fume), the fiber (glass fiber, steel fiber and PVA fiber) and the fiber volume ratio on the GFof ECC are analyzed. The research indicates that silicon fume and glass fiber, steel fiber are all not able to be used in ECC. But flash ash and PVA fiber are very suit for using in ECC, the toughness of ECC increases with the increase of their content.
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Paul, S., A. M. Hoogstrate, and R. van Praag. "Abrasive water jet machining of glass fibre metal laminates." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 216, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440502320783396.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Glass fibre metal laminates (GFMLs) have been machined successfully with an abrasive water jet. The mechanism of material removal of the aluminium layer is by microcutting and plastic deformation similar to that observed in machining ductile materials. The glass fibres that are transverse to the direction of work travel are machined by microcutting and/or brittle fracture. The glass fibres that are parallel to the direction of work travel are removed in bulk by brittle feature. The fibres undergo substantial secondary erosion. No delamination has been observed except for the laminates with thinner aluminium layers. The quality parameters associated with kerf, the taper quality parameter, the amount of burr formation, the straightness of the edge at the exit side, etc., correlate quite well with the cutting ability parameter. A quantitative relation, irrespective of the structure and build-up of the laminates, has been attempted between the taper quality parameter and the cutting ability parameter.
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Goswami, M., K. M. O'Connor, K. P. Bhattarai, and A. Y. Shamseldin. "Assessing the performance of eight real-time updating models and procedures for the Brosna River." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 4 (October 7, 2005): 394–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-394-2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The flow forecasting performance of eight updating models, incorporated in the Galway River Flow Modelling and Forecasting System (GFMFS), was assessed using daily data (rainfall, evaporation and discharge) of the Irish Brosna catchment (1207 km2), considering their one to six days lead-time discharge forecasts. The Perfect Forecast of Input over the Forecast Lead-time scenario was adopted, where required, in place of actual rainfall forecasts. The eight updating models were: (i) the standard linear Auto-Regressive (AR) model, applied to the forecast errors (residuals) of a simulation (non-updating) rainfall-runoff model; (ii) the Neural Network Updating (NNU) model, also using such residuals as input; (iii) the Linear Transfer Function (LTF) model, applied to the simulated and the recently observed discharges; (iv) the Non-linear Auto-Regressive eXogenous-Input Model (NARXM), also a neural network-type structure, but having wide options of using recently observed values of one or more of the three data series, together with non-updated simulated outflows, as inputs; (v) the Parametric Simple Linear Model (PSLM), of LTF-type, using recent rainfall and observed discharge data; (vi) the Parametric Linear perturbation Model (PLPM), also of LTF-type, using recent rainfall and observed discharge data, (vii) n-AR, an AR model applied to the observed discharge series only, as a naïve updating model; and (viii) n-NARXM, a naive form of the NARXM, using only the observed discharge data, excluding exogenous inputs. The five GFMFS simulation (non-updating) models used were the non-parametric and parametric forms of the Simple Linear Model and of the Linear Perturbation Model, the Linearly-Varying Gain Factor Model, the Artificial Neural Network Model, and the conceptual Soil Moisture Accounting and Routing (SMAR) model. As the SMAR model performance was found to be the best among these models, in terms of the Nash-Sutcliffe R2 value, both in calibration and in verification, the simulated outflows of this model only were selected for the subsequent exercise of producing updated discharge forecasts. All the eight forms of updating models for producing lead-time discharge forecasts were found to be capable of producing relatively good lead-1 (1-day ahead) forecasts, with R2 values almost 90% or above. However, for higher lead time forecasts, only three updating models, viz., NARXM, LTF, and NNU, were found to be suitable, with lead-6 values of R2 about 90% or higher. Graphical comparisons were made of the lead-time forecasts for the two largest floods, one in the calibration period and the other in the verification period.
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Kumar, Neeraj, Mukesh Kumar, Arpan Sherring, Shakti Suryavanshi, Ajaz Ahmad, and Deepak Lal. "Applicability of HEC-RAS 2D and GFMS for flood extent mapping: a case study of Sangam area, Prayagraj, India." Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 6, no. 1 (November 20, 2019): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40808-019-00687-8.
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STEPHENS, PHILIP J. "Electrical and Chemical Synapses Between Giant Interneurones and Giant Flexor Motor Neurones of the Hermit Crab (Pagurus Pollicaris)." Journal of Experimental Biology 123, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.123.1.217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
1. An examination is made of the characteristics of the synapses between the single pair of giant interneurones (GIs) and the giant flexor motor neurones (GFMNs) in the fused thoracic-abdominal (TA) ganglion of the hermit crab Pagurus pollicaris. 2. There is an electrical synapse between each GI and its ipsilateral GFMN. Evidence for this includes (a) dye (Lucifer Yellow CH) coupling between the two neurones, (b) a short synaptic (0.2 ms) delay between spikes in the two axons, (c) the ability to pass hyperpolarizing current between the two neurones and (d) the sensitivity of the connection to bath applications of N-ethylmaleimide. This synaptic connection is rectifying, since a GFMN spike does not provoke an action potential in the GI. 3. There is a connection between the GI and the contralateral GFMN. Data indicating that this synaptic connection is chemical includes (a) a synaptic delay of between 0.6 and 0.8 ms, (b) transmission i9 easily and irreversibly fatigued, (c) the synapse is insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and (d) there is no dye coupling between the two neurones. 4. Branches of the GFMN come in close proximity with the GI on both sides of the TA ganglion. However, it is not known whether there is a direct connection or an intervening neurone between the GI and the contralateral GFMN.
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Prasad, Elluri Venkata, and Shishir Kumar Sahu. "Buckling of fiber metal laminated plates – numerical and experimental studies." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2019-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this study is to study the buckling behavior of new aircraft material, i.e. glass fiber metal laminated (GFML) plates. Design/methodology/approach The first-order Reissner–Mindlin theory is used in the present finite element formulation to determine the buckling loads of GFML plates. A program is developed in MATLAB for analyzing the effect of different parameters on buckling loads GFML plates. A set of experiments was performed to determine critical buckling loads of GFML plates using universal testing machine INSTRON 8862 and compared with predictions using the numerical model. Findings The effects of various parameters such as aspect ratio, side to thickness ratio, ply orientation and boundary conditions on buckling loads of GFMLs are examined. With the increase of aspect ratio, the reduction in buckling load is observed, while the increase inside to thickness ratio decreases the buckling load of GFML plates. There is a slight variation in buckling load with the increase of ply orientation. The buckling load is significantly influenced by boundary conditions because of restraint at the edges. Practical implications These types of materials are used in lightweight structures such as aircraft, aerospace and military vehicles. The results reported in the present study can be used as design guidelines while designing fiber metal laminated (FML) plated structures. Originality/value For the first time, the authors have studied the buckling behavior of bidirectional woven FML plates using both numerical and experimental techniques.
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Ades, Lionel, Agnès Guerci, Kamel Laribi, Pierre Peterlin, Norbert Vey, Sylvain Thepot, Stefan Wickenhauser, et al. "A Randomized Phase II Study of Azacitidine (AZA) Alone or with Lenalidomide (LEN), Valproic Acid (VPA) or Idarubicin (IDA) in Higher-Risk MDS: Gfm's 'pick a Winner' Trial." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background :AZA improves overall survival (OS) in higher risk MDS, but only 50-60% of the patients respond, and median OS with AZA is only 20-24 months. As OS improvement is obtained at modest response rates, OS rather than response should probably remain the primary endpoint for all combinations with AZA, requiring large phase III trials with significant follow up. On the other hand, combinations that do not increase response will likely not improve OS. We therefore tested, based on a "pick the winner" approach, AZA combinations with the HDAC inhibitor VPA, LEN or IDA to identify, based on response, the most promising combination with AZA in higher risk MDS, that could be subsequently compared with AZA alone in a larger phase III study. Methods : AZA-PLUS (#NCT01342692)was an adaptive two-stage phase II trial based on Jung design (Stat Med.2008;27:568) that randomly assigned higher-risk MDS, low blast count AML (20-30%) and CMML to: AZA (75 mg/m2/d d1-7 of 28-day cycles); AZA plus LEN (10 mg/d on d1-14); AZA plus VPA( 50 mg/kg/d on d1-7; 35 mg/kg/d in patients> 60y) or AZA plus IDA (10 mg/m2on d1 for the first 9 cycles). The primary end point was response rate (RR, including CR, PR, marrow CR, based on IWG 2006) of the combination arms vs AZA alone. Given a 30% RR with AZA alone, we considered that a ≥45% RR would make combination(s) promising. Controlling for type I and type II errors at 0.15 and 0.20, 40 patients per arm were to be enrolled at each stage. Any experimental arms with RR lower than those observed in the AZA arm at the first stage should be stopped. At the second stage, any arm with > 6 more responses than AZA alone should be selected for further testing. Secondary endpoint were ORR (RR+ stable disease with HI (HI) and OS. Results : After inclusion of 40 pts/arm (first stage) all experimental arms had at least the same number of responses as the control arm and were continued in second stage. Overall, 322 pts were enrolled from 06/2011 to 07/2017: 81, 80, 80, 81 in the AZA, AZA+VPA, AZA+LEN and AZA+IDA arms, respectively. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced across arms. Median age was 74.6 y, 213 pts were male, IPSS was INT-2 in 54% and High in 46%. IPSS Karyotype was fav, int and poor in 40%, 26% and 34%, respectively. Pts received a median of 7 cycles and median follow-up was 15.1 months. Prevalence of trial discontinuation due to adverse events was 32%, 29%, 28% and 31% in the AZA , AZA+VPA , AZA+LEN and AZA+IDA arms, respectively (p=0.95). Rates of hospitalization during the first 6 cycles were 38%, 44.7% , 55.1%, 59.7% in the AZA, AZA +VPA, AZA+LEN and AZA+IDA arms, respectively (p=0.028), suggesting increased myelosuppression in the experimental arms, especially in the LEN and IDA arm. In the control arm, 29 responses (CR+PR+mCR) after 6 cycles were observed, with 29, 25 and 29 responses observed in AZA+VPA , AZA+LEN and AZA+IDA arms, respectively. Thus, no combination demonstrated benefit over AZA. The RR was estimated at 34.8% (18.6% CR, 3.1% PR, and 13.0% mCR) and the ORR after 6 cycles was 40.4%. The RR after 6 cycles (35.8% for AZA, 36.2% for AZA+VPA, 31.2% for AZA+LEN, and 35.8% for AZA+IDA) and the ORR after 6 cycles (41.9% for AZA; 41.2% for AZA+VPA, 40.0% for AZA+LEN and 38.3% for AZA+IDA) were close across study arms. By multivariate analysis, factors associated with better ORR were higher Hb level (p=0.05), low fibrinogen (p=0.008) and low LDH (p=0.01). 17 (5%) pts were bridged to allogeneic SCT: 6 on AZA, 5 on AZA+VPA, none in the AZA+LEN arm and 6 on AZA+IDA arm (p=0.03). At the reference date of July 2018, median EFS was 16.6 months for in AZA, 14.5 months for in AZA+VPA, 15.1 months for in AZA+LEN and 13.2 months for in AZA+IDA (p=0.74) (Fig A). Multivariable Cox model selected Hb level (p=0.02), presence of circulating blasts (p<0.0001), LDH (p=0.006) and high IPSS (p<0.0001) as prognostic.Median OS was 24.5 months for AZA, 18.9 months for AZA+VPA, 17.5 months for AZA+LEN and 20.1 months for AZA+IDA (p=0.50) (Fig B). Factors associated with OS were circulating blasts (p=0.003) and high IPSS (p<0.0001). Conclusion : Although OS differences may occur with longer follow up, the combination of VPA, LEN or IDA to AZA did not improve response or OS over AZA alone and worsened myelosuppression. With newer, potentially more potent drugs that can be combined with AZA, the "pick the winner " approach may still be useful to select promising combinations based on response in phase II trials. Molecular data of the pt cohort will be presented at the meeting. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Ades: silent pharma: Consultancy; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; JAZZ: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Laribi:Novartis: Other: Grant and personal fees; Sandoz: Other: Grant; Teva: Other: Grant; Hospira: Other: Grant; Takeda: Other: Grant and personal fees; Roche: Other: Grant; Amgen: Other: Personal fees; Gilead: Other: Personal fees. Stamatoullas:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Cambridge, MA, USA: Consultancy. Beyne-Rauzy:Novartis: Research Funding. Cluzeau:MENARINI: Consultancy; CELGENE: Consultancy; JAZZ PHARMA: Consultancy. Quesnel:Sunesis: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Celyad: Honoraria. Fenaux:Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; Otsuka: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding.
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Kaldybayeva, Madina, Raushan Idrissova, Zinaidy Urikbaeva, Sergey Khokhulya, and Zhannat Idrissova. "Clinical features of meningococcal infection in children during the epidemic upsurge in 2018." Journal "Medicine" 1-2, no. 211-212 (April 30, 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31082/1728-452x-2020-211-212-1-2-55-60.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Repiblic of Kazakhstan in 2018, there was an increase in generalized meningococcal infection (GFMI), which potentially has a risk of high mortality. The aim of the study was to study the clinical features of generalized meningococcal infection (meningococcal meningitis, meningococcal meningitis and mixed-form meningococcal meningitis) during the epidemic upsurge, as well as to evaluate early symptoms of the disease according to new international criteria, 2018. Material and methods. The article describes 59 children aged from 5 months. up to 16 years old. Of these, 35 children (26 boys) with generalized meningococcal infection (GMI): 1 group, age from 0.5 to 10 years with meningitis and meningococcemia (combined GMI) and 2 group, age from 2 to 16 years with meningococcemia - 24 (15 boys). All children underwent a complete clinical and laboratory examination. All children with a retrospective assessment of "red flag" symptoms was performed according to the latest recommendations supported by who the Severity of combined GMI and isolated meningococcemia is almost identical in mortality (8.6% for combined meningitis and meningococcemia and 8.4% for isolated meningococcemia). Results and discussion. In combined GMI, the severity is determined by pleocytosis in the CSF and correlates with inflammatory blood parameters; in isolated meningococcemia, the severity is due to symptoms of shock, primarily cardiovascular insufficiency. Conclusions. Red flag symptoms are particularly significant in children over 3 years of age and adolescents and are specific predictors of septic shock, especially in isolated meningococcemia (83%), but to a slightly lesser extent in combined GMI (71%). Keywords: generalized meningococcal infection, children, epidemic upsurge, meningococcemia, meningitis.
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Kumar, Neeraj, Deepak Lal, Arpan Sherring, and R. K. Issac. "Applicability of HEC-RAS & GFMS tool for 1D water surface elevation/flood modeling of the river: a Case Study of River Yamuna at Allahabad (Sangam), India." Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 3, no. 4 (October 26, 2017): 1463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40808-017-0390-0.
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Rudakova, A. V., A. A. Vilnits, S. M. Kharit, and Yu V. Lobzin. "Cost-effectiveness of meningococcal vaccination of infants in the Russian Federation." Journal Infectology 13, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-4-113-120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Generalized forms of invasive meningococcal desease (IMD) are very dangerous because they have a high mortality rate.The aim of the work was to assess the cost-effectiveness of meningococcal vaccination of infants with the 4-valent MenACWY-D conjugate vaccine in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. Cost-effectiveness analysis based on epidemiological data for the Russian Federation was carried out by a modeling method with a horizon of 80 years from the position of the healthcare system and taking into account the social perspective. Vaccination costs were calculated on the basis of the registered price of the vaccine, including VAT, the costs of GFMI therapy and patient rehabilitation – based on the compulsory medical insurance tariffs in St. Petersburg for 2021. Indirect costs due to temporary disability of patients’ parents, disability of patients and premature death were estimated by the lost GDP. In the base case, costs were discounted by 3,5% per year, life expectancy – by 1,5% per year.Results. Given the assumptions made, the average lifetime burden of a child’s illness is 17,556 million rubles. (no discounting). In the base case, the incremental cost per LYG from the payer perspective – 7,821 million rubles, and from the social perspective – 3,328 million rubles. Incremental cost per QALY – 5,350 million rubles and 2,277 million rubles, respectively. The most important factors that have a significant impact on the cost-effectiveness of vaccination are the incidence of IMD, the price of the vaccine, and the value of the discounting of costs and life expectancy.Conclusions. Given the assumptions made, meningococcal vaccination of infants with 4-valent meningococcal vaccine can be considered as a viable option.