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1
1973-, Bostrom Nick, and Cirkovic Milan M, eds. Global catastrophic risks. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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2
Inglesby, Thomas V., and Amesh A. Adalja, eds. Global Catastrophic Biological Risks. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36311-6.
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3
Smil, Vaclav. Global catastrophes and trends: The next fifty years. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008.
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4
Smil, Vaclav. Global catastrophes and trends: The next fifty years. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008.
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5
Natural disaster hotspots: A global risk analysis. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.
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6
Rees, Martin J. Global Catastrophic Risks. Edited by Nick Bostrom and Milan M. Cirkovic. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A global catastrophic risk is one with the potential to wreak death and destruction on a global scale. In human history, wars and plagues have done so on more than one occasion, and misguided ideologies and totalitarian regimes have darkened an entire era or a region. Advances in technology are adding dangers of a new kind. It could happen again. In Global Catastrophic Risks 25 leading experts look at the gravest risks facing humanity in the 21st century, including asteroid impacts, gamma-ray bursts, Earth-based natural catastrophes, nuclear war, terrorism, global warming, biological weapons, totalitarianism, advanced nanotechnology, general artificial intelligence, and social collapse. The book also addresses over-arching issues - policy responses and methods for predicting and managing catastrophes. This is invaluable reading for anyone interested in the big issues of our time; for students focusing on science, society, technology, and public policy; and for academics, policy-makers, and professionals working in these acutely important fields.
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Inglesby, Thomas V., and Amesh A. Adalja. Global Catastrophic Biological Risks. Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.
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9
Inglesby, Thomas V., and Amesh A. Adalja. Global Catastrophic Biological Risks. Springer, 2019.
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10
Chichilnisky, Graciela, and Armon Rezai. Economics of the Global Environment: Catastrophic Risks in Theory and Policy. Springer London, Limited, 2016.
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11
Chichilnisky, Graciela, and Armon Rezai. Economics of the Global Environment: Catastrophic Risks in Theory and Policy. Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.
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12
Chichilnisky, Graciela, and Armon Rezai. The Economics of the Global Environment: Catastrophic Risks in Theory and Policy. Springer, 2017.
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13
Thakur, Ramesh. A Bifurcated Global Nuclear Order. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The very destructiveness of nuclear weapons makes them unusable for ethical and military reasons. The world has placed growing restrictions on the full range of nuclear programs and activities. But with the five NPT nuclear powers failing to eliminate nuclear arsenals, other countries acquiring the bomb, arms control efforts stalled, nuclear risks climbing, and growing awareness of the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of nuclear war, the United Nations adopted a new treaty to ban the bomb. Some technical anomalies between the 1968 and 2017 treaties will need to be harmonized and the nuclear-armed states’ rejection of the ban treaty means it will not eliminate any nuclear warheads. However, it will have a significant normative impact in stigmatizing the possession, use and threat of use of nuclear weapons and serve as a tool for civil society to mobilize domestic and world public opinion against the doctrine of nuclear deterrence.
14
Posner, Richard A. Catastrophe. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195178135.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Catastrophic risks are much greater than is commonly appreciated. Collision with an asteroid, runaway global warming, voraciously replicating nanomachines, a pandemic of gene-spliced smallpox launched by bioterrorists, and a world-ending accident in a high-energy particle accelerator, are among the possible extinction events that are sufficiently likely to warrant careful study. How should we respond to events that, for a variety of psychological and cultural reasons, we find it hard to wrap our minds around? Posner argues that realism about science and scientists, innovative applications of cost-benefit analysis, a scientifically literate legal profession, unprecedented international cooperation, and a pragmatic attitude toward civil liberties are among the keys to coping effectively with the catastrophic risks.
15
Blokdyk, Gerardus. Global catastrophic risk: Third Edition. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.
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16
Hill, Alice C. The Fight for Climate after COVID-19. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197549704.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The catastrophic risks of pandemics and climate change carry deep uncertainty as to when they will occur, how they will unfold, and how much damage they will do. The most important question is how these risks can be faced to minimize them most. This book draws on the troubled and uneven COVID-19 experience to illustrate the critical need to ramp up resilience rapidly and effectively on a global scale. It exposes parallels between the underutilized measures that governments should have taken to contain the spread of COVID-19—such as early action, cross-border planning, and bolstering emergency preparation—and the steps leaders can take now to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Through practical analyses of current policy and thoughtful guidance for successful climate adaptation, the book reveals that, just as society has transformed itself to meet the challenge of coronavirus, so too will the thinking and policies need to be adapted to combat the ever-increasing threat of climate change.
17
de Sadeleer, Nicolas. Environmental Principles. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844358.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book traces the evolution of environmental principles from their origins as vague political slogans reflecting fears about environmental hazards to their embodiment in enforceable laws. Since the early 1970s environmental issues have taken on an ever increasing profile. This has been due in part to a fundamental change in the type and scale of risk posed by industry. Issues such as global warming, GM food, and BSE typify the new kinds of risk: potentially catastrophic consequences could ensue yet there is no scientific agreement over their precise causation, duration, and other concerns. Environmental law has always responded to risks posed by industrial society but the new generation of risks have required a new set of environmental principles, emerging from a combination of public fears, science, ethics, and established legal practice. This book shows how three of the most important principles of modern environmental law grew out of this new age of ecological risk: the polluter-pays principle, the preventive principle, and the precautionary principle. The author examines the legal force of these principles and in the process offers a novel theory of norm formation in environmental law by unearthing new grounds of legality, comparing environmental laws across Europe, the Unites States, and Australia. The book will be of interest to all with an interest in environmental law and policy, in the relationship between law and science, and in the ways in which political and ethical values can become embodied in laws.
18
Smil, Vaclav. Global Catastrophes and Trends: The Next Fifty Years. The MIT Press, 2012.
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19
Murray, Virginia, Amina Aitsi-Selmi, and Alex G. Stewart. Global disasters and risk reduction strategies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the global population increase, the effects of disasters also increase. However, through improved building codes and other disaster risk reduction interventions, the number of deaths appears to be reducing. International frameworks for reduction and response are being built and an audit of the NHS demonstrated the advantages of an integrated health service. Fact sheets, produced internationally with UK involvement, on several aspects of disaster risk reduction have started to increase awareness of the wide variety of needs, although mental health issues need further research. Not all global disasters with far-reaching consequences are catastrophic in nature. The circumstances of congenital rubella and iodine deficiency show the strengths of international collaboration and the need for high-quality science. This chapter explains disaster risk reduction and sets it in its international perspective, with examples of wide-ranging agreements and frameworks, and their application to the wider UK health service.
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Alexei, Turchin. STRUCTURE of the GLOBAL CATASTROPHE Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century. Lulu Press, Inc., 2010.
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21
Turchin, Alexei. STRUCTURE of the GLOBAL CATASTROPHE Risks of human extinction in the XXI Century. Lulu Press, Inc., 2010.
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22
Akande, Dapo, Jaakko Kuosmanen, Helen McDermott, and Dominic Roser, eds. Human Rights and 21st Century Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824770.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world faces significant and interrelated challenges in the twenty-first century which threaten human rights in a number of ways. This book examines the relationship between human rights and three of the largest challenges of the twenty-first century: conflict and security, environment, and poverty. Technological advances in fighting wars have led to the introduction of new weapons which threaten to transform the very nature of conflict. In addition, states confront threats to security which arise from a new set of international actors not clearly defined and which operate globally. Climate change, with its potentially catastrophic impacts, features a combination of characteristics which are novel for humanity. The problem is caused by the sum of innumerable individual actions across the globe and over time, and similarly involves risks that are geographically and temporally diffuse. In recent decades, the challenges involved in addressing global and national poverty have also changed. For example, the relative share of the poor in the world population has decreased significantly while the relative share of the poor who live in countries with significant domestic capacity has increased strongly. Overcoming these global and interlocking threats constitutes this century’s core political and moral task. This book examines how these challenges may be addressed using a human rights framework. It considers how these challenges threaten human rights and seeks to reassess our understanding of human rights in the light of these challenges. The analysis considers both foundational and applied questions. The approach is multidisciplinary and contributors include some of the most prominent lawyers, philosophers, and political theorists in the debate. The authors not only include leading academics but also those who have played important roles in shaping the policy debates on these questions. Each Part includes contributions by those who have served as Special Rapporteurs within the United Nations human rights system on the challenges under consideration.
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Till, Hilary. Commodity Trading Strategies, Common Mistakes, and Catastrophic Blowups. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Becoming an expert in the commodity markets has traditionally required a novice to seek an apprenticeship at an established commodity firm. This chapter provides an alternative approach: a reader is provided a reasonably comprehensive tour of the always dynamic and frequently opaque commodity markets, including views on (1) commodity trading strategies, (2) common mistakes, and (3) catastrophic blowups. The specific commodity trading strategies covered are trend-following and calendar spreads. The common mistakes that the chapter includes are (1) targeting returns rather than risk metrics, (2) establishing inappropriate trade sizing, and (3) failing to fully appreciate the psychological discipline required for trading. The chapter also provides case studies on the catastrophic derivatives blowups at both Amaranth and MF Global.
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Moore, Scott M. China's Next Act. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197603994.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract If the COVID-19 pandemic taught us anything, it is that the world is bound together by shared challenges—and that at the center of those challenges stands China. Thanks to decades of breakneck growth and development, Chinese officials, businesses, and institutions now play a critical role in every major global issue, from climate change to biotechnology. This book re-envisions China’s role in the world in terms of sustainability and technology. This reframing is essential both because none of these increasingly pressing, shared global challenges can be tackled without China, and because they are reshaping China’s economy and its foreign policy, with major implications for the world at large. At the same time, sustainability and technology issues present opportunities for intensified economic, geopolitical, and ideological competition—a reality that Beijing recognizes. The danger is that China’s next act will drive divergence on the rules and standards the world desperately needs to tackle shared challenges in the decades ahead. In some areas, like clean technology development, competition can be good for the planet. But in others, it could be catastrophic: only cooperation can lower the risks of artificial intelligence and other disruptive new technologies. The challenges posed by climate change, pandemics, and emerging technologies make dealing with China’s state, its firms, and other institutions more complex and more critical than ever before. China’s Next Act helps foreign countries, companies, and other organizations prepare for a future shaped by sustainability, technology—and a dramatic new chapter for China and the world.
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Bandopadhyay, Saptarishi. All Is Well. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579190.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All Is Well attempts to answer one of the most urgent questions of our time: What is the relationship between modern states and the disasters they claim to manage? Disasters are commonly understood as exceptional occurrences that ruin societies and inspire ad hoc rituals of legal, administrative, and scientific control called “disaster management.” States and the international institutions perform disaster management to protect society. The book challenges this traditional narrative. It interprets “disaster management” as a historical struggle to conservate the existence and experience of catastrophes and produce idealized authorities capable of protecting society from uncertainty. It examines the emergence of this struggle in the eighteenth century and reveals how rulers and experts struggling to master God, nature, and each other inaugurated modern meanings of risk, normalcy, power, and responsibility. By recovering this history of disaster management, the book reveals underlying knowledge structures and political economies that smuggle the unspoken costs of modernity inside the rationalized representation of past catastrophes and future risks. Catastrophes, put bluntly, are not occurrences. They are inventions. Even in their most destructive forms, catastrophes are the stigmata through which the modern state renews itself. The book develops this argument by examining the Marseille plague (1720), the Lisbon earthquake (1755), and the Bengal famine (1770) and showing how eighteenth-century beliefs reverberate in structure and policies of “global” disaster management today. It concludes that climate change and the national and international authorities designed to fight it are products of three centuries of disaster management, and civilizational survival depends on reckoning with this past.
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Hourcade, J. C., P. Dumas, and B. Perrissin Fabert. Do We Need A Zero Pure Time Preference Or The Risk Of Climate Catastrophes To Justify A 2C Global Warming Target ? The World Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5392.
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27
Bailey, Mark. After the Black Death. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857884.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Black Death of 1348–9 is the most catastrophic event in recorded history, and this study—the Ford Lectures of 2019 at Oxford University—offers a major re-evaluation of its immediate impact and longer-term consequences in England. It draws upon recent inter-disciplinary research into climate and disease; renewed interest among econometricians in the origins of the Little Divergence, whereby economic performance in parts of north-western Europe began to move decisively ahead of the rest of the continent on the pathway to modernity; a close re-reading of case studies of fourteenth-century England; and original new research into manorial and governmental sources. The Black Death is placed within the wider contexts of extreme weather and epidemiological events, the institutional framework of markets and serfdom, and the role of the law in reducing risk and shaping behaviour. The government’s response to the crisis is re-considered to suggest an innovative re-interpretation of the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381. By 1400 the main effects of plague had worked through the economy and society, and their implications for England’s future precocity are analysed. This study rescues the third quarter of the fourteenth century from a little-understood paradox between plague and revolt, and elevates it to a critical period of profound and irreversible change in English and global history.
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Taillant, Jorge Daniel. Glaciers. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199367252.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Though not traditionally thought of as strategic natural resources, glaciers are a crucial part of our global ecosystem playing a fundamental role in the sustaining of life around the world. Comprising three quarters of the world's freshwater, they freeze in the winter and melt in the summer, supplying a steady flow of water for agriculture, livestock, industry and human consumption. The white of glacier surfaces reflect sunrays which otherwise warm our planet. Without them, many of the planet's rivers would run dry shortly after the winter snow-melt. A single mid-sized glacier in high mountain environments of places like California, Argentina, India, Kyrgyzstan, or Chile can provide an entire community with a sustained flow of drinking water for generations. On the other hand, when global temperatures rise, not only does glacier ice wither away into the oceans and cease to act as water reservoirs, but these massive ice bodies can become highly unstable and collapse into downstream environments, resulting in severe natural events like glacier tsunamis and other deadly environmental catastrophes. But despite their critical role in environmental sustainability, glaciers often exist well outside our environmental consciousness, and they are mostly unprotected from atmospheric impacts of global warming or from soot deriving from transportation emissions, or from certain types of industrial activity such as mining, which has been shown to have devastating consequences for glacier survival. Glaciers: The Politics of Ice is a scientific, cultural, and political examination of the cryosphere -- the earth's ice -- and the environmental policies that are slowly emerging to protect it. Jorge Daniel Taillant discusses the debates and negotiations behind the passage of the world's first glacier-protection law in the mid-2000s, and reveals the tension that quickly arose between industry, politicians, and environmentalists when an international mining company proposed dynamiting three glaciers to get at gold deposits underneath. The book is a quest to educate general society about the basic science behind glaciers, outlines current and future risks to their preservation, and reveals the intriguing politics behind glacier melting debates over policies and laws to protect the resource. Taillant also makes suggestions on what can be done to preserve these crucial sources of fresh water, from both a scientific and policymaking standpoint. Glaciers is a new window into one of the earth's most crucial and yet most ignored natural resources, and a call to reawaken our interest in the world's changing climate.