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Статті в журналах з теми "Gum tragacanth"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Sharma, Bhawna, Sourbh Thakur, Djalal Trache, Hamed Yazdani Nezhad, and Vijay Kumar Thakur. "Microwave-Assisted Rapid Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Gum Tragacanth Hydrogel Nanocomposite for Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081616.

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Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was synthesized in this research via Tour’s method for the use of filler in the hydrogel matrix. The copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) onto the gum tragacanth (GT) was carried out to develop gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide (GT-cl-poly(DMA)) hydrogel using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) and potassium persulfate (KPS) as cross-linker and initiator correspondingly. The various GT-cl-poly(DMA) hydrogel synthesis parameters were optimized to achieve maximum swelling of GT-cl-poly(DMA) hydrogel. The optimized GT-cl-poly(DMA) hydrogel was then filled with RGO to form reduced graphene oxide incorporated gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide (GT-cl-poly(DMA)/RGO) hydrogel composite. The synthesized samples were used for competent adsorption of Hg2+ and Cr6+ ions. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide hydrogel and reduced graphene oxide incorporated gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide hydrogel composite. The experiments of adsorption-desorption cycles for Hg2+ and Cr6+ ions were carried out to perform the reusability of gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide hydrogel and reduced graphene oxide incorporated gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide hydrogel composite. From these two samples, reduced graphene oxide incorporated gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide exhibited high adsorption ability. The Hg2+ and Cr6+ ions adsorption by gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide and reduced graphene oxide incorporated gum tragacanth-cl-N,N-dimethylacrylamide were best suited for pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The reported maximum Hg2+ and Cr6+ ions adsorption capacities were 666.6 mg g-1 and 473.9 mg g-1 respectively.

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2

Uhumwangho, Michael U., and Ikechukwu Louis Ileje. "Preliminary evaluation of the suspending properties of Brachystegia eurycoma gum on metronidazole suspension." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 3, no. 11 (October 25, 2014): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i11.20727.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the suspending properties of Brachystegia eurycoma gum on metronidazole suspension. The suspending properties of Brachystegia eurycoma gum (family leguminosae) were evaluated comparatively with that of compound tragacanth powder at concentration range of 2.5 10.0%w/v in metronidazole suspension. The following parameters were determined; sedimentation volume (%), viscosity, pH and re-dispersion number. The values obtained were used as basis for comparison of the suspending agents studied. Brachystegia eurycoma and compound tragacanth gums had a pH range between 4.7 to 4.9 and between 3.9 to 4.1 respectively which indicates that they are slightly acidic. Particles suspended with tragacanth gum at concentration ? 7.5%w/w redispersed easily than those formulated with the Brachystegia eurycoma gum at ? 10% w/w. It was observed that with increase in concentration of the gum the viscosity of the suspension increased correspondingly. For instance, at concentration of 2.5%w/w viscosities of the suspensions are 490 poise (Brachystegia eurycoma gum) and 603 poise (compound tragacanth gum) while at concentrations of 7.5%w/w their viscosities were 914 poise (Brachystegia eurycoma gum) and 1709 poise (compound tragacanth gum). There was a direct proportionality between viscosity of the gums at different concentrations and the sedimentation rate of the suspensions, as the viscosity of the gum increases, the rate of sedimentation of the suspension decreases. Brachystegia eurycoma gum at predetermined concentration can be exploited as an alternative excipient in the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions of insoluble substances.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i11.20727 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, October 2014, 3(11): 328-330

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3

Ozel, Cigdem Alev, Fatma Unal, and Deniz Yuzbasioglu. "Potential of tragacanth gum as gelling material in plant tissue culture studies." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 877–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v47i4.47365.

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The diffusion ability and rheological properties of MS medium for germination and growth of tobacco seedlings of cv. Samsun Canik at different pH and concentrations of tragacanth gum were compared. The results showed that 11 g/l tragacanth gum with low osmotic pressure at pH 5.6 - 5.8 offered the best conditions for morphological developments like longer shoots, roots and broader leaves of the seedlings compared to the similar morphological developments on agar solidified MS medium with high osmotic pressure. No aberration was noted in nu1mber of chromosomes of germinated tobacco seedlings on either agar or tragacanth containing medium. On the basis of present findings, it is possible to suggest that tragacanth gum had high potential to replace agar in seed germination studies.

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4

Parvinroo, Shirin, Maede Eslami, Heshmatollah Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, and Zahra Hesari. "Natural polymers for vaginal mucoadhesive delivery of vinegar, using design of experiment methods." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp200804121p.

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Background/Aim. Vinegars are of the main international traditional nutraceuticals which have been used as vaginal health protectant due to vagina pH balance maintenance and antimicrobial properties. Since the main used form of vinegar was liquid, it was difficult for vaginal application with low residence time; in this study a vaginal mucoadhesive gel of vinegar was designed. Methods. Xanthan gum (XG) and tragacanth (TG) were utilized as natural gel forming polymers. The effects of Xanthan gum and tragacanth on mucoadhesion strength and drug release of the gel formulations were optimized using a 3 level (32) factorial design. Several physico-chemical properties of the gel formulations including gel viscosity, spreadability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of hydrogel chains, and release kinetic were also investigated. Results. demonstrated that tragacanth possesses a statistically significant effect on release rate control (p-value=0.0027) while both tragacanth and xanthan gum have significant effect (p value= 0.0001 and 0.0017, respectively) on mucoadhesion property. Conclusion. Design of experiment suggested that formulation F7 with 5% xanthan gum and 1% tragacanth (mucoadhesion = 0.4632 N and release rate = 88.8% in 6 hours) can be considered as the optimum formulation with some modifications.

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5

Shiroodi, Setareh Ghorban, Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar, Elham Ghorbani Gorji, Hamid Ezzatpanah, and Nilofar Zohouri. "Influence of gum tragacanth on the physicochemical and rheological properties of kashk." Journal of Dairy Research 79, no. 1 (January 17, 2012): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029911000872.

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In this study, the physicochemical properties of a low-fat dried yogurt paste (kashk) were determined, and the effects of different concentrations (0, 0·1, 0·3 and 0·5% w/w) of gum tragacanth exudates from Astragalus gossypinus on the stability and texture of the samples were investigated by measuring amount of syneresis, turbidity, particle size distribution (PSD), flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties. The flow behaviour index was not very sensitive to the concentration of gum, while a remarkable concentration dependency of the power-law consistency coefficient and Herschel–Bulkley yield stress was observed. The initial increase in the gum concentration at 0·1 and 0·3% levels led to a higher degree of syneresis, which was related to the depletion flocculation mechanism. However, the reduced amount of syneresis in samples containing 0·5% gum tragacanth was attributed to the significant increase in viscosity of the continuous phase, which is also accompanied by trapping of the aggregated casein particles. The presence of 3% salt in the samples may have led to the neutralization of charges on the surface of gum tragacanth; consequently, the non-adsorbing behaviour of high-ionic-strength polysaccharides inhibited the formation of electrostatic protein–polysaccharide complexes. Furthermore, maximum values of polydispersity, syneresis and tan δ at high frequencies were found in samples containing 0·1% gum tragacanth.

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6

Verma, Chetna, Poonam Negi, Deepak Pathania, Sadiya Anjum, and Bhuvanesh Gupta. "Preparation Of Novel Tragacanth Gum-Entrapped Lecithin Nanogels." Advanced Materials Letters 10, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2019.2207.

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7

Mosavi, Seyedeh Soghra, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Hossein Behniafar, and Mahmood Tajbakhsh. "Removal of Amoxicillin Antibiotic from Polluted Water by a Magnetic Bionanocomposite Based on Carboxymethyl Tragacanth Gum-Grafted-Polyaniline." Water 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010202.

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Removal of antibiotics from contaminated water is very important because of their harmful effects on the environment and living organisms. This study describes the preparation of a bionanocomposite of carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline and γFe2O3 using an in situ copolymerization method as an effective adsorbent for amoxicillin antibiotic remediation from polluted water. The prepared materials were characterized by several analyses. The vibrating sample magnetometer and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline@ γFe2O3 bionanocomposite has a magnetization saturation of 25 emu g−1 and thermal stability with a char yield of 34 wt%, respectively. The specific surface area of bionanocomposite of about 8.0794 m2/g was obtained by a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity (909.09 mg/g) of carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline@ γFe2O3 was obtained at pH 7, an agitation time of 20 min, a bioadsorbent dose of 0.005 g, and amoxicillin initial concentration of 400 mg/L. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were a better fit with the experimental data. The kinetic model showed that chemical adsorption is the main mechanism for the adsorption of amoxicillin on the bioadsorbent. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity for amoxicillin compared to other reported adsorbents showed that the prepared bionanocomposite has a higher maximum adsorption capacity than other adsorbents. These results show that carboxymethyl tragacanth gum-grafted-polyaniline@ γFe2O3 would be a favorable bioadsorbent for the remediation of amoxicillin from contaminated water.

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8

Prashar, Deepak, and Vijay Prakash. "Gum tragacanth: A natural polymeric backbone." Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 11, no. 1 (2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5713.2021.00012.x.

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9

Kulanthaivel, Senthilguru, Sharan Rathnam V. S., Tarun Agarwal, Susanta Pradhan, Kunal Pal, Supratim Giri, Tapas K. Maiti, and Indranil Banerjee. "Gum tragacanth–alginate beads as proangiogenic–osteogenic cell encapsulation systems for bone tissue engineering." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 22 (2017): 4177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb00390k.

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10

Ansari, Mohammad Javed, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Elmoatasim Ibnouf, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Majid Ahmad Ganaie, and Ameeduzzafar Zafar. "Gum Acacia- and Gum Tragacanth-Coated Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Physiological Stability, In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo and In-Vivo Activity Evaluations." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101579.

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The current research article presents development, characterization, stability, antimicrobial activity, antispasmodic activity and antidiarrheal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized and stabilized by polymeric coating of gum tragacanth solution. The nanoparticles were developed by a chemical reduction of silver nitrate. The reducing sugars and polysaccharides-based natural polymers such as gum acacia, gum tragacanth, alginates and cellulose derivatives were investigated as both reducing agents and stabilizers of silver nanoparticles. Influence of the molar concentration of silver nitrate, type and concentration of reducing agent on the formation and stability of silver nanoparticles have been investigated in detail. The stability or aggregation behavior of silver nanoparticles when diluted with simulated gastric fluid, simulated intestinal fluid and phosphate buffer saline were investigated to understand the influence of biological fluids on the stability of silver nanoparticles. SNPs in basic buffers were found to be more stable compared to those in acidic buffers. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV absorption spectrometry, particle size and zeta potential analyzer, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. SNPs were found spherical within 2.5–4 nm as per atomic force microscopic studies. The silver nanoparticles developed from gum tragacanth were better and more stable than those produced by gum acacia. The smaller particle size, low polydispersity index and high zeta potential resulted in silver nanosuspensions stable over a period of six months. The silver nanoparticles were found to exhibit significant antimicrobial, antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities.

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11

Hajinasrollah, Kiana, Sima Habibi, and Hossein Nazockdast. "Fabrication of gelatin–chitosan–gum tragacanth with thermal annealing cross-linking strategy." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019881142.

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Polymer blending is a promising method to provide nanofibers with improved properties and minimal defects. Recently, gelatin-chitosan-based nanofibers have attracted great attention due to their biocompatible properties which have made them a great candidate for biomedical applications. However, current methods for fabricating gelatin–chitosan nanofibers require the use of corrosive and toxic solvents and cross-linking agents. In the present research, gum tragacanth followed by thermal annealing is employed to improve the properties of nanofibers. The morphology of the electrospun blend nanofibers was characterized using a scanning electron microscope, while the miscibility and thermal behavior of the blends were determined using a Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer/attenuated total reflectance. The optimum results were achieved in blend gelatin–chitosan–gum tragacanth in the ratio 7:3:1, which resulted in nanofibers with a mean diameter of 115.8 ± 10.66 nm. Antibacterial tests were conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Biodegradability of blend nanofibers was also investigated. It is proved that thermal annealing in presence of gum tragacanth could be a suitable candidate for the stability of nanofibers followed by omitting toxic cross-linkers.

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12

Hemmati, Khadijeh, Arameh Masoumi, and Mousa Ghaemy. "Synthesis and characterization of pH-responsive nanohydrogels as biocompatible drug carriers based on chemically modified tragacanth gum polysaccharide." RSC Advances 5, no. 104 (2015): 85310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14356j.

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13

Sadeghi, Susan, Ali Zeraatkar Moghaddam, and Mohammad Massinaei. "Novel tunable composites based on bentonite and modified tragacanth gum for removal of acid dyes from aqueous solutions." RSC Advances 5, no. 69 (2015): 55731–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07979a.

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14

Tavakol, Moslem, Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani, Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar, and Maryam Dehghan-Niri. "Effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical and rheological properties of enzyme-catalyzed tragacanth-based injectable hydrogels." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0366.

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Abstract In the present study, gamma irradiation was applied to promote the mechanical properties of enzyme- mediated in situ forming hydrogels prepared with tyramine-functionalized gum tragacanth (TA-GT). For this purpose, after gamma irradiation of powder or hydrocolloid solution of gum tragacanth (GT), the physiochemical and rheological properties of GT solution, and resultant hydrogel was investigated. In situ forming hydrogels were prepared via horseradish peroxidase catalyzed coupling reaction of TA-GT in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Gamma irradiation led to a decrease in GT molecular weight and solution viscosity. Also, the solubility of GT improved and the separation of water soluble/swellable part of gum samples became easier, using gamma irradiation. In addition, by gamma irradiation of GT powder at doses of 5–15 kGy, a polymeric solution with higher concentration could be prepared that resulted in the promotion of hydrogels storage modulus. Further increase of irradiation dose did not improve storage modulus due to the extra decrease of gum molecular weight.

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15

Owusu, Frederick William Akuffo, Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi, Raphael Johnson, Yaa Asantewaa Osei, Emmanuel Asante, Desmond Asamoah Bruce Otu, Julia Afrakoma Ansong, Philomena Entsie, and Marcel Tunkumgnen Bayor. "Pharmaceutical Assessment of Melia azedarach Gum as a Binder and Disintegrant in Immediate-Release Tablets." Scientific World Journal 2022 (April 1, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9810099.

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Excipients are components other than active ingredients that are added to pharmaceutical formulations. Naturally sourced excipients are gradually gaining preeminence over synthetically sourced excipients due to local availability and continuous supply. This study aimed to investigate the binding and disintegrating characteristics of gum extracted from the bark of Melia azedarach tree. The bark of Melia azedarach was harvested from Kwahu Asasraka in Ghana. The gum was extracted with ethanol (96%), and the percentage yield, phytochemical constituents, and flow characteristics were assessed. As a disintegrant, the gum was utilized to formulate granules at varying concentrations of 5% w/w and 10% w/w using starch as the standard. The gum was also utilized to prepare granules at varying concentrations of 10% w/v and 20% w/v as a binder, with tragacanth gum serving as the reference. Eight batches of tablets were produced from the granules. The formulated tablets from each batch were then subjected to quality control testing, which included uniformity of weight, friability, disintegration, hardness, drug content, and dissolution tests, respectively. Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and glycosides were identified in the Melia azedarach gum. The gum had a percentage yield of 67.75% and also exhibited good flow properties. All tablets passed the uniformity of weight, friability, disintegration, hardness, dissolution, and drug content tests, respectively. According to the findings of the study, Melia azedarach gum can be utilized as an excipient in place of tragacanth and starch as a binder and disintegrant, respectively, in immediate-release tablets.

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16

King, Karen, and Richard Gray. "The effect of gamma irradiation on guar gum, locust bean gum, gum tragacanth and gum karaya." Food Hydrocolloids 6, no. 6 (February 1993): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80079-9.

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17

Sinha, Satish, Rajesh Gunaga, Timur Ahlawat, Mahantesh Sankanur, Abhishek Mehta, and Harsha Hegde. "How Commercially important Tree Gum Exudates can be differentiated." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2021-lpjzp6.

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The commercially important tree gum exudates produced in India are gum Arabic, gum ghatti and gum karaya or Indian gum tragacanth. These gums, available in the market, are often adulterated by many other natural gums which may be inferior in quality. Therefore, identification of these gums is very essential to minimize the adulteration by comparing their physical and chemical properties. The study shows that among these properties, solubility, viscosity and colour can be used along with confirmatory chemical tests for differentiating commercial gums. The paper highlights the details of physical properties of the gums and chemical tests to differentiate between these gums.

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18

Hadi, Alina, Anjum Nawab, Feroz Alam, and Kishwar Zehra. "Alginate/aloe vera films reinforced with tragacanth gum." Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences 4 (July 2022): 100105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100105.

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19

Nejatian, Mohammad, Soleiman Abbasi, and Fatemeh Azarikia. "Gum Tragacanth: Structure, characteristics and applications in foods." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 160 (October 2020): 846–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.214.

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20

Mohamadnia, Zahra, Mohammad J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, Kourosh Kabiri, and Mohammad Razavi-Nouri. "Tragacanth gum-graft-polyacrylonitrile: synthesis, characterization and hydrolysis." Journal of Polymer Research 15, no. 3 (October 9, 2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-007-9156-0.

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21

Riseh, Roohallah Saberi, Elahe Tamanadar, Mojde Moradi Pour, and Vijay Kumar Thakur. "Novel Approaches for Encapsulation of Plant Probiotic Bacteria with Sustainable Polymer Gums: Application in the Management of Pests and Diseases." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (July 1, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4419409.

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Анотація:

The unique attributes, biodegradability, biocompatibility, perfect accessibility, and low production costs led to the use of natural gums in a different section of our lives. Among them, we can mention gums obtained from microorganisms (xanthan gum and gellan gum), plant tissues (Arabic gum and gum tragacanth), seeds (konjac gum and guar gum), seaweeds (alginates, agar gum, and carrageenans). Gums have essential applications in the medical and pharmaceutical, food, biotechnology, and critical agricultural industries. Encapsulation is one of the new methods to increase the stability of bioactive compounds during processing and storage. Encapsulation technology using natural gums is a new way to improve the performance of microbial agents in various sciences, especially agriculture, which represents a bright future in this field.

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22

Saruchi, Saruchi, B. S. Kaith, Rajeev Jindal, Vaneet Kumar, and Manpreet S. Bhatti. "Optimal response surface design of Gum tragacanth-based poly[(acrylic acid)-co-acrylamide] IPN hydrogel for the controlled release of the antihypertensive drug losartan potassium." RSC Adv. 4, no. 75 (2014): 39822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02803a.

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The present study proposes the development and optimization of a new interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), consisting of Gum tragacanth, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm), for the in situ controlled release of losartan potassium under different pH conditions at 37 °C.

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23

Ramos, Paweł, and Mateusz Broncel. "Influence of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Gum Arabic and Tragacanth." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051510.

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Storage conditions should be chosen so that they do not affect the action and stability of the active pharmaceutical substance (API), and excipients used in pharmacy. UV irradiation, increased temperature, and relative humidity can decompose storage substances by photolysis, thermolysis, and hydrolysis process, respectively. The effect of physical factors may be the decomposition of pharmaceutical substances or their inappropriate action, including pharmacological effects. Polymers of natural origin are increasingly used in the pharmaceutical industry. With this in mind, we evaluated the effect of storage conditions on the stability of gum arabic (GA) and tragacanth (GT). The influence of higher temperature, UV irradiation, and relative humidity on GA and GT was tested. Thermogravimetry (TG, c-DTA), colorimetric analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and optical microscopy were used as research methods. The TGA and c-DTA examination indicated that decomposition of GA starts at a higher temperature compared to GT. This indicate that gum arabic is more resistant to higher temperatures compared to tragacanth. However, the conducted analysis showed that gum arabic is more sensitive to the tested storage conditions. Among the tested physical conditions, both polymers were most sensitive to conditions of increased relative humidity in the environment.

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24

Almahdawi, Dr Faleh H. M., Dr Mohammed N. Husain Al Hasani, and Haider Salem Jasim. "Tragacanth Gum As Local Alternatives To Improve Viscosity And Filtration Control." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 4 (May 1, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i4.259.

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Today oil industry faces a lot of problems and lost money during drilling and completion operation, so that the studies and researches must including the ways and solutions that lead to decrease the costs. In this research we tried to find local alternative material instead of foreign drilling fluid materials that is used in drilling fluids and will help to save a lot of money by decrease oil well drilling cost because of the high cost of drilling fluid materials which represent now about 30 % of total cost for drilling oil well. The local alternatives is Ore polymers ( plant origin) called : TRAGACANTH GUM. In this study we investigated the local material and tested it under API Specification for Drilling Fluids Materials. Also tested sample of mud after add local material (TRAGACANTH GUM.) for weighted concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 gm.) to show physical and rheological properties. The third part of this study tested sample of mud after add local material (TRAGACANTH GUM.) under different temperatures values and up to 70°C (this temperature is near for some formations temperature in Iraqi oil fields ) to show temperature effect on this material. A comparison between the local alternative and similar foreign materials for same sample was done to show physical and rheological properties. The results approved that, the local alternatives can used as filtration control materials for water based drilling fluid. Also the local alternatives increased viscosity as minimal for water based drilling fluids, So it can be used as part alternative for Bentonite to increase viscosity by increasing Yield point and decreasing solids concentration in drilling fluids so it have positive effect to save Rig equipment’s and Pay-zone.

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25

Taghavizadeh Yazdi, Mohammad Ehsan, Simin Nazarnezhad, Seyed Hadi Mousavi, Mohammad Sadegh Amiri, Majid Darroudi, Francesco Baino, and Saeid Kargozar. "Gum Tragacanth (GT): A Versatile Biocompatible Material beyond Borders." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061510.

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The use of naturally occurring materials in biomedicine has been increasingly attracting the researchers’ interest and, in this regard, gum tragacanth (GT) is recently showing great promise as a therapeutic substance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. As a polysaccharide, GT can be easily extracted from the stems and branches of various species of Astragalus. This anionic polymer is known to be a biodegradable, non-allergenic, non-toxic, and non-carcinogenic material. The stability against microbial, heat and acid degradation has made GT an attractive material not only in industrial settings (e.g., food packaging) but also in biomedical approaches (e.g., drug delivery). Over time, GT has been shown to be a useful reagent in the formation and stabilization of metal nanoparticles in the context of green chemistry. With the advent of tissue engineering, GT has also been utilized for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds applied for both hard and soft tissue healing strategies. However, more research is needed for defining GT applicability in the future of biomedical engineering. On this object, the present review aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of GT in biomedicine and tries to open new horizons in the field based on its inherent characteristics.

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26

Verma, Chetna. "Water Management Within Tragacanth Gum-G-Polyitaconic Acid Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Letters 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2019.4090.

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27

I., Jenova, Venkatesh K., Karthikeyan S., Madeswaran S., Aristatil G., Prabu Moni, and Joice Sheeba D. "Solid polymer electrolyte based on tragacanth gum-ammonium thiocyanate." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 25, no. 8-9 (July 31, 2021): 2371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-05016-7.

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28

MAHTO, VIKAS, and V. P. SHARMA. "Tragacanth Gum: An Effective Oil Well Drilling Fluid Additive." Energy Sources 27, no. 3 (February 2, 2005): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908310390424142.

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29

Tischer, Cesar A., Marcello Iacomini, and Philip A. J. Gorin. "Structure of the arabinogalactan from gum tragacanth (Astralagus gummifer)." Carbohydrate Research 337, no. 18 (October 2002): 1647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00023-x.

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30

Hagiwara, A., P. Boonyaphiphat, M. Kawabe, H. Naito, T. Shirai, and N. Ito. "Lack of carcinogenicity of tragacanth gum in B6C3F1 mice." Food and Chemical Toxicology 30, no. 8 (August 1992): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(92)90162-e.

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31

Fathi, Hamoon, and Aras Fathi. "Sugar beet fiber and Tragacanth gum effects on concrete." Journal of Cleaner Production 112 (January 2016): 808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.072.

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32

Asghari-Varzaneh, Elham, Mohammad Shahedi, and Hajar Shekarchizadeh. "Iron microencapsulation in gum tragacanth using solvent evaporation method." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 103 (October 2017): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.047.

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33

ZANDLEVEN, Joris, Gerrit BELDMAN, Margaret BOSVELD, Jaques BENEN, and Alphons VORAGEN. "Mode of action of xylogalacturonan hydrolase towards xylogalacturonan and xylogalacturonan oligosaccharides." Biochemical Journal 387, no. 3 (April 26, 2005): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041583.

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XGH (xylogalacturonan hydrolase; GH 28) is an enzyme that is capable of degrading XGA (xylogalacturonan), which is a polymer of α-D-galacturonic acid, highly substituted with β-D-xylose. XGA is present in cell walls of various plants and exudates, such as gum tragacanth. XGA oligosaccharides were derived from an XGH digestion of gum tragacanth, then fractionated, and analysed for their sugar composition and structure by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight MS and nanospray MS. Several oligosaccharides from XGA were identified with different galacturonic acid/xylose ratios including five oligosaccharide isomers. Although XGH can act as an endo-enzyme, product-progression profiling showed that the disaccharide GalAXyl was predominantly produced from XGA by XGH, which indicated also an exolytic action. The latter was further supported by degradation studies of purified oligosaccharide GalA4Xyl3. It was shown that XGH acted from the non-reducing end towards the reducing end of this oligosaccharide, and showed the processive character of XGH. The results from this study further show that although XGH prefers to act between two xylosidated GalA units, it tolerates unsubstituted GalA units in its −1 and +1 subsites.

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34

Padil, Vinod Vellora Thekkae, Stanisław Wacławek, and Miroslav Černík. "Green Synthesis: Nanoparticles and Nanofibres Based on Tree Gums for Environmental Applications." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 533–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0038.

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AbstractThe recent advances and potential applications of nanoparticles and nanofibres for energy, water, food, biotechnology, the environment, and medicine have immensely conversed. The present review describes a ‘green’ method for the synthesis and stabilization of nanoparticles and ‘green electrospinning’ both using tree gums (arabic, tragacanth, karaya and kondagogu). Furthermore, this review focuses on the impending applications of both gum stabilized nanoparticles and functionalized membranes in remediation of toxic metals, radioactive effluents, and the adsorptive removal of nanoparticulates from aqueous environments as well as from industrial effluents. Besides, the antibacterial properties of gum derivatives, gum stabilized nanoparticles, and functionalized electrospun nanofibrous membranes will also be highlighted. The functionalities of nanofibrous membranes that can be enhanced by various plasma treatments (oxygen and methane, respectively) will also be emphasized.

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35

Molaahmadi Bahraseman, Najme, Hajar Shekarchizadeh, and Sayed Amir Hossein Goli. "Thermodynamic compatibility of gelatin and tragacanth gum in aqueous systems." Food Chemistry 373 (March 2022): 131584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131584.

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36

Verma, Chetna, Poonam Negi, Deepak Pathania, Sadiya Anjum, and Bhuvanesh Gupta. "Novel Tragacanth Gum-Entrapped lecithin nanogels for anticancer drug delivery." International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials 69, no. 9 (April 12, 2019): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2019.1596910.

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37

Niknia, Nushin, Rassoul Kadkhodaee, and Mohammad Naghi Eshtiaghi. "Gum tragacanth-polyvinyl alcohol aerogel for oral delivery of silymarin." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 157 (August 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.202.

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38

Potaś, Joanna, Emilia Szymańska, Anna Basa, Anita Hafner, and Katarzyna Winnicka. "Tragacanth Gum/Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complexes-Based Hydrogels Enriched with Xanthan Gum as Promising Materials for Buccal Application." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010086.

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Polyelectrolyte complexes based on the electrostatic interactions between the polymers mixed are of increasing importance, therefore, the aim of this study was to develop hydrogels composed of anionic tragacanth gum and cationic chitosan with or without the addition of anionic xanthan gum as carriers for buccal drug delivery. Besides the routine quality tests evaluating the hydrogel’s applicability on the buccal mucosa, different methods directed toward the assessment of the interpolymer complexation process (e.g., turbidity or zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) were employed. The addition of xanthan gum resulted in stronger complexation of chitosan that affected the hydrogel’s characteristics. The formation of a more viscous PEC hydrogel with improved mucoadhesiveness and mechanical strength points out the potential of such polymer combination in the development of buccal drug dosage forms.

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39

Khodaei, Diako, Kristina Oltrogge, and Zohreh Hamidi-Esfahani. "Preparation and characterization of blended edible films manufactured using gelatin, tragacanth gum and, Persian gum." LWT 117 (January 2020): 108617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108617.

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40

Raoufi, Nassim, Rassoul Kadkhodaee, Yapeng Fang, and Glyn O. Phillips. "Ultrasonic degradation of Persian gum and gum tragacanth: Effect on chain conformation and molecular properties." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 52 (April 2019): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.002.

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41

Kora, Aruna Jyothi, and Jayaraman Arunachalam. "Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles by Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer): A Dual Functional Reductant and Stabilizer." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/869765.

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A simple and ecofriendly procedure have been devised for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of gum tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer), a renewable, nontoxic natural phyto-exudate. The water soluble components in the gum act as reductants and stabilizers. The generated nanoparticles were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The role of gum concentration and reaction time on the synthesis of nanoparticles was studied. By regulating the reaction conditions, spherical nanoparticles of13.1±1.0 nm size were produced. Also, the possible functional groups involved in reduction and capping of nanoparticles has been elucidated. The antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanoparticles was tested on model Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains with well-diffusion method. These nanoparticles exhibited considerable antibacterial activity on both the Gram classes of bacteria, implying their potential biomedical applications.

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42

Amna, Arooj, Nazish Jahan, Khalil-ur Rehman, and Zill-e. Huma. "Formulation, Physical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Silymarin Suspensions and Emulsions." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 64, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.64.3.2021.247.253.

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Silymarin, is a therapeutically important flavonoid act as a hepatoprotective agent. However, has a positive effect on metabolism act as a hydrophobic drug but has a very low bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to prepare appropriate formulations of Silymarin in order to enhance its bioavailability. The natural suspending agents like (Xanthan gum, Tragacanth gum, Acacia gum and Iranian gum) were used for the formulation of suspensions, while emulsions were prepared with the combination of surfactant, co-surfactant and oil. The formulations were evaluated for their physical stability, pH, refractive index and conductivity. Among different formulations and suspensions prepared with xanthan gum as a green stabilizing agents were most stable. Emulsions formulated with tween 80 as a surfactant, polyethylene glycol as co-surfactant and olive oil were clear and stable for more than six months. The refractive index, pH and conductivity of the most stable suspension and emulsions were 1.347, 6.9 and 0.18 s/m and 1.43, 6.9, 0.01 s/m respectively. It was concluded that xanthan gum and tween 80 with polyethylene glycol has a good potential to enhance the therapeutic efficiency and stability of silymarin suspension and emulsion.

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43

Komeilyfard, Ahmadreza, Mohammad Fazel, Hamidreza Akhavan, and Alireza Mousakhani Ganjeh. "Effect of Angum gum in combination with tragacanth gum on rheological and sensory properties of ketchup." Journal of Texture Studies 48, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12216.

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44

Teimouri, Shahla, Soleiman Abbasi, and Nasrin Sheikh. "Effects of gamma irradiation on some physicochemical and rheological properties of Persian gum and gum tragacanth." Food Hydrocolloids 59 (August 2016): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.12.010.

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45

Pocan, Pelin, Esmanur Ilhan, and Mecit Halil Oztop. "Characterization of Emulsion Stabilization Properties of Gum Tragacanth, Xanthan Gum and Sucrose Monopalmitate: A Comparative Study." Journal of Food Science 84, no. 5 (April 8, 2019): 1087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14602.

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46

Koosha, Mojtaba, Atefeh Solouk, Sama Ghalei, Davoud Sadeghi, Shadab Bagheri, and Hamid Mirzadeh. "Chitosan/gum tragacanth/PVA hybrid nanofibrous scaffold for tissue engineering applications." Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.18.00028.

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47

Saffari, Mohammad Mahdi, Mina Farzi, Zahra Emam-Djomeh, Sohrab Moini, and Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar. "Applying Iranian Gum Tragacanth to Improve Textural Properties of Maltodextrin Microcapsules." Journal of Texture Studies 44, no. 1 (July 5, 2012): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4603.2012.00359.x.

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48

Rao, Kummara Madhusudhana, Anuj Kumar, Kummri Subba Venkata Krishna Rao, Adnan Haider, and Sung Soo Han. "Biodegradable Tragacanth Gum Based Silver Nanocomposite Hydrogels and Their Antibacterial Evaluation." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 2 (March 18, 2017): 778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0989-2.

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49

Abdoli, Mohadese, Komail Sadrjavadi, Elham Arkan, Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh, Sajad Moradi, Akram Zangeneh, Mohsen shahlaei, and Salar Khaledian. "Polyvinyl alcohol/Gum tragacanth/graphene oxide composite nanofiber for antibiotic delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 60 (December 2020): 102044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102044.

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50

Verma, Chetna, Deepak Pathania, Sadiya Anjum, and Bhuvanesh Gupta. "Smart Designing of Tragacanth Gum by Graft Functionalization for Advanced Materials." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 305, no. 4 (April 2020): 1900762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201900762.

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