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Статті в журналах з теми "Health-promoting efforts":
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Murray, Roslyn, Suzanne Delbanco, and Jaime S. King. "Promoting Health Care Transparency via State Legislative Efforts." JAMA Health Forum 1, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): e200212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2020.0212.
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Videto, Donna M., and Joseph A. Dake. "Promoting Health Literacy Through Defining and Measuring Quality School Health Education." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 6 (August 29, 2019): 824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919870194.
Анотація:
Changes in national and state policies in the past two decades have had a negative impact on school health education. During this same time, significant gains have been made in our understanding of the relationship between health and academic outcomes. This article proposes three challenges that could help refocus our country’s efforts toward the positive impacts quality school health education can have on our population. Each of these challenges has corresponding recommendations to guide stakeholder efforts to help bring about these changes.
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Helfrich, Christian D., Christine W. Hartmann, Toral J. Parikh, and David H. Au. "Promoting Health Equity through De-Implementation Research." Ethnicity & Disease 29, Suppl 1 (February 21, 2019): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865//ed.29.s1.93.
Анотація:
Ensuring equitable access to quality health care historically has focused on gaps in care, where patients fail to receive the high-value care that will benefit them, something termed underuse. But providing high-quality health care sometimes requires reducing low-value care that delivers no benefit or where known harms outweigh expected benefits. These situations represent health care overuse. The process involved in reducing low-value care is known as de-implementation. In this article, we argue that de-implementation is critical for advancing equity for several reasons. First, medical overuse is associated with patient race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. In some cases, the result is even double jeopardy, where racial and ethnic minorities are at higher risk of both overuse and underuse. In these cases, more traditional efforts focused exclusively on underuse ignore half of the problem. Second, overuse of preventive care and screening is often greater for more socioeconomically advantaged patients. Within insured populations, this means more socioeconomically disadvantaged patients subsidize overuse. Finally, racial and ethnic minorities may have different experiences of overuse than Whites in the United States. This may make efforts to de-implement overuse particularly fraught. We therefore provide several actions for closing current research gaps, including: adding subgroup analyses in studies of medical overuse; specifying and measuring potential mechanisms related to equity (eg, double jeopardy vs thermostat models of overuse); and testing de-implementation strategies that may mitigate bias.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):93-96; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.93.
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Helfrich, Christian D., Christine W. Hartmann, Toral J. Parikh, and David H. Au. "Promoting Health Equity through De-Implementation Research." Ethnicity & Disease 29, Suppl 1 (February 21, 2019): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.s1.93.
Анотація:
Ensuring equitable access to quality health care historically has focused on gaps in care, where patients fail to receive the high-value care that will benefit them, something termed underuse. But providing high-quality health care sometimes requires reducing low-value care that delivers no benefit or where known harms outweigh expected benefits. These situations represent health care overuse. The process involved in reducing low-value care is known as de-implementation. In this article, we argue that de-implementation is critical for advancing equity for several reasons. First, medical overuse is associated with patient race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. In some cases, the result is even double jeopardy, where racial and ethnic minorities are at higher risk of both overuse and underuse. In these cases, more traditional efforts focused exclusively on underuse ignore half of the problem. Second, overuse of preventive care and screening is often greater for more socioeconomically advantaged patients. Within insured populations, this means more socioeconomically disadvantaged patients subsidize overuse. Finally, racial and ethnic minorities may have different experiences of overuse than Whites in the United States. This may make efforts to de-implement overuse particularly fraught. We therefore provide several actions for closing current research gaps, including: adding subgroup analyses in studies of medical overuse; specifying and measuring potential mechanisms related to equity (eg, double jeopardy vs thermostat models of overuse); and testing de-implementation strategies that may mitigate bias.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 1):93-96; doi:10.18865/ed.29.S1.93.
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Aas, Randi W., Ruth K. Raanaas, and Lynn Shaw. "Unifying and diversifying workplace-based efforts for promoting health and preventing disability." Work 53, no. 1 (December 11, 2015): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-152210.
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Ainsworth, Barbara E., and Cheryl Der Ananian. "Wellness Matters: Promoting Health in Young Adults." Kinesiology Review 2, no. 1 (February 2013): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/krj.2.1.39.
Анотація:
There is a growing recognition of the need for the primary prevention of chronic illnesses across the lifespan. In recent years, diseases that were formerly associated with adulthood such as diabetes are being diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. While there have been many prevention efforts focusing on health in children and adolescents, there is a limited body of research examining prevention in young adults. This article examines the concept of wellness in the Millennial generation and describes how their life course experiences impact seven domains of wellness. Specifically, this article describes the period and cohort effects that influence the domains of wellness and how the Millennial generation differs from other generations in these aspects of wellness. Finally, this paper provides an overview of the technological and cultural influences on wellness in the Millennial generation.
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Kang, Hara. "MicroRNA-Mediated Health-Promoting Effects of Phytochemicals." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102535.
Анотація:
Phytochemicals are known to benefit human health by modulating various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Due to the potential use of phytochemicals as therapeutic agents against human diseases such as cancer, studies are ongoing to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which phytochemicals affect cellular functions. It has recently been shown that phytochemicals may regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are responsible for the fine-tuning of gene expression by controlling the expression of their target mRNAs in both normal and pathological cells. This review summarizes the recent findings regarding phytochemicals that modulate miRNA expression and promote human health by exerting anticancer, photoprotective, and anti-hepatosteatosis effects. Identifying miRNAs modulated by phytochemicals and understanding the regulatory mechanisms mediated by their target mRNAs will facilitate the efforts to maximize the therapeutic benefits of phytochemicals.
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Bae, Eun Jung, and Ju Young Yoon. "Health Literacy as a Major Contributor to Health-Promoting Behaviors among Korean Teachers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063304.
Анотація:
Teachers are not only subjects of school health efforts but also role models for students’ health behaviors; teachers’ health-promoting behaviors can induce students’ healthy behaviors with their positive health outcomes. This study was an examination of personal factors, situational factors, and health literacy as influences on teachers’ health-promoting behaviors. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was implemented based on an integrated model of health literacy. The study results showed that health literacy was the strongest predictor of teachers’ health-promoting behaviors. In addition, school type and school culture were situational factors related to the interpersonal relations and stress management domains of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II scale. These findings could serve as foundational evidence for developing programs at the individual and organizational levels that enhance teachers’ health-promoting behaviors.
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Andersen, Signe Lindgaard, Ove Andersen, Janne Petersen, and Ayo Wahlberg. "Traveling health-promoting infrastructures: A meta-ethnographic analysis." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 5 (February 13, 2019): 606–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459319829195.
Анотація:
In recent years, it has become increasingly important to understand the global circulation of healthcare innovations in nations’ attempts to solve contemporary health challenges. This article is a systematic review and meta-ethnography–inspired analysis that explores the global circulation of health-related standards, protocols, procedures, and regulations, or what we term health-promoting infrastructures (HPIs). The notion of HPIs is defined as built networks that allow for the circulation of health expertise with the intention of promoting solutions that address global health problems. We conducted systematic searches in six relevant electronic databases and ended up with a set of 13 studies. The review shows that it takes arduous work to prepare and facilitate the travel of HPIs and to mold them into meaningful local forms. In conclusion, we argue that HPIs can helpfully be thought of as scripted forms, which are globally available in always sited efforts to address specific problems.
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Zvaigzne, Gaļina, and Daina Kārkliņa. "Health Promoting Chemical Components of Orange Juice." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2013): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0061.
Анотація:
Abstract Citrus fruit or juice can be an excellent source of health-promoting substances at breakfast. A 150-200 ml glass of orange juice daily provides many nutrients required for good human health. As has been reported, vitamin C, thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate are present in oranges. Citrus juices also provide minerals - calcium, potassium, iron, zinc, magnesium, copper, and phosphorous, which are part of the vital enzyme system of the human body. In addition, several compounds - flavonoids and other health-promoting substances are present in citrus fruit. There are hundreds of useful products and substances with properties, which have origin in citrus products. There are also many patents for helpful products to be made from citrus substances. Treatment of major inflammation-related ailments target on phytochemicals involved in oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome (diabetes), cardiovascular diseases, bone health (osteoporosis), skin aging, cognitive function and brain diseases, aging, allergy and immune function and cancer. A clinical study published shows that orange juice and hesperidin increase nitric oxide production in human. Orange juices have been shown to provide several important health benefits, particularly for the cardiovascular system, bone and skin health, brain health, cognitive functions, aging, and also cancer. However, the number of clinical studies available remains limited and significant efforts are necessary to provide irrefutable proof of these benefits in human
Дисертації з теми "Health-promoting efforts":
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Willis, Laura Elizabeth. "Promoting Health Knowledge: The Impact of Public Relations Efforts on News Media Coverage of Health Research." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397730678.
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Högfeldt, Sara. "Synen på ett hälsofrämjande ledarskap under pandemin 2020-erfarenheter från kommunal vård- och omsorgspersonal." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Utbildningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36334.
Анотація:
Sammanfattning Ett hälsofrämjande ledarskap bidrar till att främja hälsan hos sina medarbetare. Året 2020 blev ett speciellt år på många sätt, men speciellt inom vård och omsorg. Syftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om olika synsätt som finns på ett hälsofrämjande ledarskap hos vård och omsorgspersonal. En kvalitativ metod valdes och datainsamlingsmetod var semistrukturerade intervjuer. Fem informanter deltog i studien varav alla jobbar inom kommunal vård och omsorg i Göteborgs Stad. Informanterna intervjuades med hjälp av en intervjuguide och materialet analyserades enligt en innehållsanalys. De framkom tre teman ur materialet ledarskap, hälsofrämjande insatser och arbetsplatsen. Resultatet visar centrala delar inom ledarskap var närvarande, information, kommunikation och återhämtning. Hälsofrämjande insatserbeskrevs som friskvård och planeringsdagar. Under arbetsplats framkom sjukfrånvaro och vikarier samt skyddsutrustning. Slutsatsen är att ledarskapet varit positivt om än literörigt under pandemin. Under året 2020 har störst skillnader varit skyddsutrustningen och frånvaro eller anpassningar kring planeringsdagar.
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George, Christine Marie. "A Cluster-Based Randomized Controlled Trial Promoting Community Participation in Arsenic Mitigation Efforts in Bangladesh." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D83T9Q7G.
Анотація:
Millions of villagers in Bangladesh drink water which exceeds the Bangladesh arsenic (As) standard of 50 micrograms per liter. Exposure to elevated levels of inorganic As (As) is associated with cancers of the skin, bladder, and lung, developmental effects, cardiovascular disease, skin lesions, and decreased children's intellectual functioning. Arsenic mitigation typically involves an outsider coming into a village to test the well water for As. After the results of the As test are provided this person typically leaves the village without providing the resources to address health concerns or give advice on mitigation options. In this dissertation, in an effort to provide ongoing resources on the health implications of As and to reduce As exposure, we sought to evaluate community level intervention strategies that could be used for successful As mitigation in Bangladesh. In Singair, Bangladesh, we conducted a household drinking water survey of 6649 households. The results of our survey indicated that 80% of wells were untested for As. Furthermore, we demonstrated that testing all of these untested wells would increase the number of households that lived with fifty meters of an As safe drinking water source by nearly 2.5 fold. In a cluster based randomized control trial (RCT) of 1000 households, we evaluated the effectiveness of having community members, compared to outside representatives, disseminate As education and conduct water As (WAs) testing. In 10 villages, a community member disseminated As education and provided WAs testing. In a second set of 10 villages an outside representative performed these tasks. Overall, fifty three percent of respondents with unsafe wells at baseline switched after receiving the As education and WAs testing intervention. There was no significant association observed between the type of As tester and well switching (Odds ratio (OR) =0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.37-1.61)). At follow-up, the average UAs concentrations for those with unsafe wells at baseline who switched to safe wells significantly decreased. In both intervention groups a significant increase in knowledge of As was observed at follow-up compared to baseline. The unavailability of As-safe drinking water sources in some villages was the most substantial barrier to well switching identified. The Hach EZ As field test kit measurements conducted by the As testers were highly correlated with laboratory results. This finding indicates that the As testers were able to accurately measure the WAs concentration of wells. Furthermore in our pilot study, the performance of the Econo-Quick (EC) kit, a new field WAs testing kit, was comparable to that of the commonly used EZ kit and the Wagtech Arsenator kit. The EC kit has the advantage of a substantially shorter reaction time of only 12 minutes in comparison to the 40 minutes required by these other kits. Through this dissertation, we have demonstrated that As education and WAs testing programs can be used as an effective method to reduce As exposure and increase As awareness in many As affected areas of Bangladesh. Furthermore, our findings indicated that many households are using tubewells that are untested for As therefore demonstrating the urgent need for access to water As testing services.
Книги з теми "Health-promoting efforts":
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Jones, Virgina H. Finding common ground: A call for collaboration promoting state interagency efforts to reduce the impact of perinatal alcohol and other drug use on familes. Arlington, VA: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 1993.
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Wagner, Gregory R., and Emily A. Spieler. The Roles of Government in Protecting and Promoting Occupational and Environmental Health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0003.
Анотація:
This chapter discusses the roles of government in promoting occupational and environmental health, with a focus on the U.S. federal government. Governmental interventions, as described here, can range from non-regulatory interventions, such as dissemination of information or generation and communication of information, to establishing regulatory requirements through the promulgation and enforcement of standards and regulations. The chapter describes the U.S. laws and roles of the administrative agencies responsible for occupational and environmental health, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Mine Safety and Health Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Noting the budgetary and political constraints on these federal agencies, the chapter goes on to discuss briefly the role of the public and the states. The government also plays a role when preventive efforts fail, and the chapter provides a brief summary of programs designed to provide compensation to injured workers.
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Fancourt, Daisy. Fact file 10: Public health. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0023.
Анотація:
Public health is defined by the World Health Organisation as ‘the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society’.(1) Public health looks at populations, from small communities through to entire continents, identifying factors that cause and exacerbate physical and mental health problems, and promoting healthy behaviours. Public health is an inter-disciplinary field that incorporates epidemiology, healthcare services, behavioural health, health economics, and public policy, among others....
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Baum, Fran. Governing for Health. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190258948.001.0001.
Анотація:
Governing for Health makes the argument that it is vital that governments and international agencies govern in the interests of protecting the environment and promoting human health and equity. A healthy society results from the organized efforts of every sector in society to promote health in all activities. The book examines how this can be done in the fiscal, health service, education, urban planning, environment, and local government sectors. It also promotes the crucial role of civil society in advocating for the health of people and the environment. The importance of the work of each sector to health is described, and the ways in which that work can be made more health promoting are examined. Each chapter contains practical examples of changes that can be made if governing for health is privileged. A key message of the book is that in the last decades economic considerations have come to dominate public decision-making so that governing for profit has been the single-minded aim of governments. The book argues passionately that new priorities are required that see all sectors governing for the needs of people and the environment rather than for short-term profits. The book also contains a chapter directed to politicians, suggesting a manifesto for well-being. It concludes by distilling the messages of the book into six central messages for governing for health, and ends with a plea that hope and courage should dominate decision-making.
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Rubenstein, Lisa V. Integrating Physical and Mental Health Care in the Veterans Health Administration. Edited by Robert E. Feinstein, Joseph V. Connelly, and Marilyn S. Feinstein. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276201.003.0007.
Анотація:
The Veterans Health Administration, part of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), is responsible for the largest integrated health care system in the United States and is committed historically and by statute to provide mental and physical health care for veterans. The evolution of integrated mental and physical health care in the VA serves as an in-depth, real-world example of large-scale implementation of integrated care models. The VA’s ongoing national primary care/mental health care integration initiative is the foundation for the system’s efforts in this regard. The challenges and opportunities VA implementers faced in promoting integrated mental health care show the feasibility and importance of providing integrated care and the fundamental changes required for achievement. This chapter discusses the drivers and resources, as well as the barriers, involved in the development of an integrated physical and mental health care model.
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Caldwell, Kia Lilly. Strategies to Challenge Institutional Racism and Color Blindness in the Health Sector. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0005.
Анотація:
By analyzing initiatives related to institutional racism and the collection of color/race data, this chapter elucidates the ways in which discourses on race, racism, and racial identity have taken shape in the Brazilian health sector. The analysis examines how the concept of institutional racism informed programmatic initiatives in cities such as Salvador and Recife during the early and mid 2000s. This chapter also discusses efforts to encourage collection of color/race data in the state of São Paulo and the complexities of promoting discussions of racial identity and racial health disparities among health professionals in Brazil.
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Chapman, Audrey R., and Konstantinos Tararas. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672676.003.0011.
Анотація:
This chapter focuses on the human rights work of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and its interconnection with initiatives relating to global health. Embedded in its Constitution, the promotion of human rights has been a component of UNESCO’s activities across its fields of competence since the first years of its existence. Although global health is not central to its mandate, many of UNESCO’s programs are either inextricably connected to global health or have contributed to UN initiatives promoting public health and the right to health. This is showcased through an overview of UNESCO’s efforts on: (1) standard-setting and monitoring; (2) rights in education; and (3) rights in science. Enabling factors for a stronger human rights articulation of UNESCO’s global health initiatives are the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a rights-based common standard of achievement and the resulting inter-agency cooperation and coordination.
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Nygren-Krug, Helena. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672676.003.0014.
Анотація:
This chapter centers on the role of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in promoting and protecting HIV-related human rights. It starts by recalling the rationale for creating UNAIDS and explains how its mandate and structure has enabled communities affected by HIV to remain engaged. This engagement has been critical in ensuring that human rights considerations remain at the forefront of the global AIDS response. The chapter also looks at the journey ahead, taking AIDS “out of isolation.” It argues that this process can benefit not only the AIDS response but also other health-related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets, in particular universal health coverage (UHC). It concludes by recognizing the SDGs as a springboard for UNAIDS to scale up efforts to support the realization of human rights, which will ultimately determine whether we will be able to reach the end of the AIDS epidemic.
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Hack, Thomas F., Kinta Beaver, and Penelope Schofield. Audio-recording cancer consultations for patients and their families—putting evidence into practice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0010.
Анотація:
This chapter aims to briefly review the empirical literature on the value of consultation audio-recordings for patients and families; conduct a theory-driven examination of the factors that limit practice uptake of this intervention; and provide practical suggestions for how these factors might best be addressed to enhance clinical uptake of consultation audio-recording use. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) Framework is used to examine the impact of scientific evidence, context-specific factors, and facilitation principles, as these pertain to the uptake of consultation audio-recording in practice. Important considerations in efforts to implement a consultation audio-recording service are provided, including leadership, perceived value and benefit, resource costs, technological practicalities, litigation concerns, and staff training and support. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches to implementation are recommended to enhance the likelihood of successful uptake into practice.
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Chalkley, Anna, and Lauren Sherar. Promoting physical activity. Edited by Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0012.
Анотація:
Physical activity is beneficial to children’s health and well-being. Evidence suggests that physical activity declines with age from childhood through adolescence and into adulthood, with boys being more active than girls at all ages. Physical activity participation in childhood is affected by the social support and role modelling provided by family, peers, friends, and teachers. Marginalized groups are disadvantaged in terms of access to opportunities to be physically active. From a population perspective, the greatest gains in public health will be achieved by helping those who are most inactive to become moderately active. Physical activity promotion efforts for children have predominantly focused on school-based programmes, but multisectoral approaches are needed with transformative and enlightened public policy regarding many facets of children’s lives such as school curricula, active travel, safe play areas, and enhanced sports opportunities for all.
Частини книг з теми "Health-promoting efforts":
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Glider, Peggy, Kaye Godbey, Patricia Manning, and David Salafsky. "Engaging “Human Capital” to Support Implementation and Sustainability of Prevention and Intervention Efforts on Campus and in the Surrounding Community." In Promoting Behavioral Health and Reducing Risk Among College Students, 229–41. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315175799-14.
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Sæteren, Berit, and Dagfinn Nåden. "Dignity: An Essential Foundation for Promoting Health and Well-Being." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_7.
Анотація:
AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to illuminate different understandings of the concept of dignity and to discuss how we can make use of this knowledge to enhance human health. Dignity is viewed as a universal concept in health sciences and a feature necessary to promote health and alleviate suffering related to sickness and impending death. The ideas presented in this chapter are founded in a caring science paradigm where the human being is considered as a unique entity consisting of body, soul, and spirit. Caring science as referred to in this chapter has its scientific foundation in Gadamer’s ontological hermeneutics.Dignity is described in a historical perspective, and different meanings of dignity are clarified. Since health and dignity relate to one other, we have clarified the concept of health employing the texts of the Finnish theoretician Katie Eriksson. In order to illuminate the perspective of health promotion, we have also briefly described health in a salutogenic perspective according to the medical sociologist Aron Antonovsky. In clarifying dignity, the texts of well-known researchers from the Nordic countries and UK were employed. In reflecting on how we can make use of the knowledge of dignity and indignity to promote health, we have considered this matter in light of results of a major Scandinavian study. The main purpose of this study was to explore dignity and indignity of patients in nursing homes from the perspective of patients, family caregivers, and health personnel. The testimonies presented in this section are further interpreted employing mainly caring science and philosophical literature. Lastly, a short summary of some public policy efforts with the aim to preserve human dignity is offered.
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West, Brooke S., Anne M. Montgomery, and Allison R. Ebben. "Reimagining Sex Work Venues: Occupational Health, Safety, and Rights in Indoor Workplaces." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 207–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_12.
Анотація:
AbstractThe setting in which sex workers live and work is a critical element shaping health outcomes, in so far that different venues afford different sets of risk and protective factors. Understanding how contextual factors differ across venue types and influence health outcomes is thus essential to developing and supporting programmes promoting the rights and safety of people in sex work. In this chapter, we focus primarily on indoor workplaces, with the goals of: (1) elucidating unique social, economic, physical, and policy factors that influence the well-being of sex workers in indoor workplaces; (2) highlighting sex worker-led efforts in the Thai context through a case study of the organisation Empower Thailand; (3) describing best practices for indoor settings; and (4) developing a framework of key factors that must be addressed to improve the rights and safety of sex workers in indoor workplaces, and to support their efforts to organise. The chapter draws attention to convergences and divergences in key challenges that sex workers encounter in indoor venues in different global contexts, as well as opportunities to advance comprehensive occupational health and safety programmes. Indoor venues pose important potential for establishing and implementing occupational health and safety standards in sex work and also may provide substantial opportunity for collective organising given the close proximity of people working together. However, any efforts to improve the health and safety of sex workers must explicitly address the structural conditions that lead to power imbalances and which undermine sex worker agency and equality.
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Boden, Lisa, and Dominic Mellor. "Epidemiology and Ethics of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 109–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_7.
Анотація:
Abstract Despite a large and rapidly growing volume of research activity and output, primarily on the biological bases of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), epidemiological understanding of the causal mechanisms at play behind the apparent recent global rise in prevalence of AMR has, arguably, progressed very little. Despite this inconvenient fact, political imperative and expedience, among other drivers, have given substantial impetus to an interventionist approach against what are considered to be the culprits for the apparent growing prevalence of AMR and its impacts. Concern about the rise in prevalence of microbial infections that are resistant to therapeutic agents designed to kill them has arisen almost exclusively in relation to human health. (Public awareness and concern about antihelmintic resistance, for which the impacts are much more substantial for animal health, at least in developed temperate countries, are trivial by comparison). Nevertheless, antimicrobial drugs have been, and are, widely used in animal health and production throughout the world, and the contribution of this diverse usage to the ‘global AMR problem’ has historically been controversial. There is growing acceptance, notwithstanding the limitations in causal understanding noted previously, of AMR as an ecological problem of competing populations of microorganisms experiencing both natural and anthropogenic selection pressures in compartments that transcend species and other boundaries. Typifying what is described as a ‘One Health’ problem, AMR is therefore considered to be most amenable to conjoint mitigation efforts in all compartments: i.e. interventions in human health, animal health, food and the environment in a coherent manner. In animals, this calls into question the motivations and practices for antimicrobial drug usage, the majority of which are justified on the basis of promoting animal health and welfare and securing a food supply for a growing human population. Not surprisingly, there are great differences in animal husbandry and food demand, and in availability, access and regulation of antimicrobial usage in animals, and in surveillance of AMR, which are likely to be starkest between developed and developing countries. Thus, it is unlikely that the impacts of AMR, and the impacts of efforts to mitigate AMR that are directed to the ‘animal compartment’ of the ecosystem, will be felt equally across the world.
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da Silva, Izael, Daniele Bricca, Andrea Micangeli, Davide Fioriti, and Paolo Cherubini. "Triple Helix as a Strategic Tool to Fast-Track Climate Change Adaptation in Rural Kenya: Case Study of Marsabit County." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1873–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_76.
Анотація:
AbstractThe lack of affordable, clean, and reliable energy in Africa’s rural areas forces people to resort to poor quality energy source, which is detrimental to the people’s health and prevents the economic development of communities. Moreover, access to safe water and food security are concerns closely linked to health issues and children malnourishment. Recent climate change due to global warming has worsened the already critical situation.Electricity is well known to be an enabler of development as it allows the use of modern devices thus enabling the development of not only income-generating activities but also water pumping and food processing and conservation that can promote socioeconomic growth. However, all of this is difficult to achieve due to the lack of investors, local skills, awareness by the community, and often also government regulations.All the above mentioned barriers to the uptake of electricity in rural Kenya could be solved by the coordinated effort of government, private sector, and academia, also referred to as Triple Helix, in which each entity may partially take the other’s role. This chapter discretizes the above and shows how a specific county (Marsabit) has benefited from this triple intervention. Existing government policies and actions and programs led by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies are reviewed, highlighting the current interconnection and gaps in promoting integrated actions toward climate change adaptation and energy access.
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Aw, Tar-Ching, Stuart Whitaker, and Malcolm Harrington. "Protecting and promoting health in the workplace." In Oxford Handbook of Public Health Practice, 188–97. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199586301.003.0019.
Анотація:
After reading this chapter you will be able to understand the nature and scope of occupational health practice, and how efforts to protect and promote health in the workplace will contribute to general public health.
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Griffiths, Amy Jane, Elena Diamond, Zachary Maupin, James Alsip, Michael J. Keller, Kathryn Moffa, and Michael J. Furlong. "Promoting School Safety, School Climate, and Student Mental Health." In Fostering the Emotional Well-Being of our Youth, 117–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190918873.003.0007.
Анотація:
The reduction of school violence requires a coordinated effort that enhances school climate and improves the sense of safety on campus. This chapter addresses the related topics of school violence, school safety, and school climate; provides an overview of the interactions among these constructs; and illustrates how they are directly linked to student mental and emotional well-being. A multidisciplinary approach is described that addresses these constructs, which are grounded in a school safety model that provides a foundation to promote students’ mental health. The process for moving toward action includes selecting an appropriate model for organizing intervention efforts, building a multidisciplinary team, developing a plan for assessment, and creating a systematic process for intervention implementation. Finally, a case study is provided to illustrate how a school district can interpret and implement these key components in the real world.
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Devins, Gerald M., and Amy Deckert. "Illness Intrusiveness and Self-Management of Medical Conditions." In Promoting Self-Management of Chronic Health Conditions, edited by Erin Martz, 80–125. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190606145.003.0005.
Анотація:
Illness intrusiveness results when medical conditions and their treatment interfere with continued participation in lifestyles, valued activities, and interests. The Illness Intrusiveness theoretical framework outlines the sources, consequences, and moderator variables that shape the psychosocial impact of illness intrusiveness on subjective well-being. This chapter outlines the illness intrusiveness theoretical framework and reviews the empirical evidence. It critiques the published literature that evaluates self-management efforts to minimize illness intrusiveness to preserve subjective well-being. It concludes with suggestions for future research. An appendix addresses the measurement of illness intrusiveness and reviews the literature bearing on the development and psychometric evaluation of the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale.
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LaMarre, Andrea, and Sigrún Daníelsdóttir. "Health at Every Size." In Handbook of Positive Body Image and Embodiment, edited by Tracy L. Tylka and Niva Piran, 300–311. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190841874.003.0029.
Анотація:
Weight-neutral approaches have gained traction over the past decades. These perspectives challenge dominant weight loss paradigms by foregrounding how a focus on health need not be accompanied by an injunction to reduce body size. This chapter explores the roots of the Health at Every Size® (HAES®) paradigm as one weight-neutral approach to positive embodiment. Evidence is reviewed for the effectiveness of HAES, highlighting how it often outperforms weight loss approaches in promoting health and well-being; some recently raised concerns are discussed, including the potential for healthism in an approach that emphasizes health. Finally, it considers how strategies for self-compassion and self-care can be accompanied with parallel efforts to promote social justice for people in all bodies, including bodies marginalized along lines of gender, race, class, ability, and so on. Sustainable gains in promoting positive embodiment must be achieved by advocating for body acceptance at the individual and collective levels.
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Hoppe, Trevor. "The Public Health Police." In Punishing Disease. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291584.003.0004.
Анотація:
As the HIV epidemic wore on in the 2000s, public health authorities became enamored with the idea of “ending AIDS.” That is, if they could just get HIV-positive people to take their pills and stop infecting other people. Health departments began to track HIV-positive clients more closely, aiming to control their behavior and ensure their adherence to treatment regimens. This chapter explores how local health authorities ensure that HIV-positive clients behave in a manner officials deem responsible—and how they catch and punish those who do not. While the state maintains that the work of local health officials is done solely in the interests of promoting public health, their efforts to control HIV-positive clients reveal that they are also engaged in policing and law enforcement.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Health-promoting efforts":
1
Biffi, Elisabetta, and Daniela Bianchi. "TEACHER TRAINING FOR THE PREVENTION, REPORTING AND ADDRESSING OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end015.
Анотація:
Each year an estimated one billion children (one out of two children worldwide) suffer some form of physical, sexual or psychological violence or neglect (Hillis, Mercy, Amobi, & Kress, 2016). Being a victim of violence in childhood has lifelong impacts on education, health, and well-being. Exposure to violence can lead to poor academic performance due to cognitive, emotional, and social problems (WHO, 2019). The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence is affirmed by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its General Comment No. 13 (UNCRC, 2011). Moreover, the Sustainable Development Goals contain a clear call to eliminate violence against children, most explicitly in Target 16.2 (UN, 2015). Many efforts have been made globally to achieve these goals. Schools have been identified as one of the crucial contexts for conducting violence prevention efforts. They offer an important space where children, teachers and educators can learn and adopt pro-social behaviors that can contribute to preventing violence (WHO, et al., 2016). Teachers can play a key role, helping to build a “violence-free world” (UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF, End Violence Against Children, 2020), both by promoting positive relationships and by identifying signs of violence early. In fact, while international strategies provide a necessary framework for the promotion and protection of children's rights, it is the people who can make a difference in the prevention and detection of violence against children (Biffi, 2018). Based on these premises, the paper will focus on how teacher training can help prevent, report and address violence against children. Teachers are often not trained on this: some of them know the contents, but have doubts about how to deal with certain situations. Teachers should learn what to do with students who have gone through a traumatic experience because children choose someone who can see and recognize them (Miller, 1979, En. transl. 1995; Miller, 1980, En. transl. 1983). To be able to really recognize the child, a training course with teachers is necessary, to raise awareness and help them see the signals that children send (The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, End Violence Against Children, UNICEF, WHO, 2020). This paper, through literature and presentation of a training course with teachers in Italy, will offer a pedagogical reflection on teacher training in the prevention, reporting and addressing of violence against children, in order to start building a common shared strategy.
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Fingerhut, MA, and P. Gottesfeld. "1741 Promoting osh strategies for global end tb efforts among silica-exposed workers and healthcare workers." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.626.
3
Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
Анотація:
The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.