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Статті в журналах з теми "Healthy stands"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Hunt, R. S. "Pruning Western White Pine in British Columbia to Reduce White Pine Blister Rust Losses: 10-Year Results." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 2 (1998): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/13.2.60.

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Abstract Survey lines were located in areas that had been pruned to control blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) 10 yr previously and adjacent control (unpruned) areas in 10 stands of western white pine. Stands were classified as densely stocked, moderately stocked, or open. Cankers were tallied and their position noted. The success of pruning varied from stand to stand. Since the stands had not been pruned at an early age, there was only a 4 and 5% reduction in threatening cankers and stem cankers respectively, as few new cankers were initiated. Stands with the greatest increase in cankering ha

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2

Houle, Gilles. "Growth patterns of sugar maple seedlings and mature trees in healthy and in declining hardwood stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 7 (1990): 894–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-120.

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Openings created in the forest canopy as a result of the decline of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) may increase microsite heterogeneity and favor the growth of tree seedlings on the forest floor and possibly neighboring healthy trees because of resource release. To corroborate these hypotheses, I studied the growth of sugar maple seedlings and mature trees, and some microsite characteristics, in healthy and in declining hardwood stands. Sampling was carried out in 400-m2 quadrats in four stands of similar composition. In two of the stands, the trees showed no apparent symptoms of decline (

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3

Hlásny, T., L. Kulla, I. Barka, M. Turčáni, Z. Sitková, and M. Koreň. "The proposal of biotic hazard zones in selected spruce dominated regions in Slovakia." Journal of Forest Science 56, No. 5 (2010): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2009-jfs.

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&nbsp;Biotic agents driven spruce decline has been observed over several regions in Europe. We studied the spatial pattern of spruce stands mortality due to biotic agents in three spruce dominated regions in Slovakia &ndash; the Kysuce, Orava and Low Tatras regions. Regularly reported data on sanitary felling were used for the analysis. Geostatistical techniques and other spatial modelling tools were used to design the zones of biotic hazard for each region. Zone A stands for the totally disintegrated stands with extremely elevated activity of biotic agents. Zone B represents the buffe

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4

Bennett, L. T., and P. M. Attiwill. "The Nutritional Status of Healthy and Declining Stands of Banksia integrifolia on the Yanakie Isthmus, Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 45, no. 1 (1997): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96025.

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Banksia integrifolia L.f. has been in decline on calcareous sands of the Yanakie Isthmus, southern Victoria, since early 1980. Early studies indicated that the decline is associated with a particular soil condition possibly a nutritional imbalance involving Fe. However, in foliage samples collected from the three main soil types of the Isthmus, declining trees had similar concentrations of Fe but lower concentrations of Ca than healthy trees. Comparisons were made of seasonal variation in concentrations of macro- and micro-nutrients in foliage and litterfall from healthy trees (to minimise sec

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5

Youssef, Khaled, Milda Dambrauskaite, Johanna Witzell, and Jonas Rönnberg. "Survey Study Reveals High Prevalence of Heterobasidion Root Rot Infection in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Stands Established on Seemingly Low-Risk Sites." Forests 14, no. 5 (2023): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051018.

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Heterobasidion spp. are among the most destructive root rot pathogens, causing severe economic losses to conifer forestry. High infection frequency has been observed in Scots pine stands growing on dry sandy soils with low organic matter or former agricultural soils. In this study, we investigated the incidence of Heterobasidion spp. infection in Scots pine forests established on low-risk sites where the trees looked healthy and unlikely to be infected. In total, 135 healthy-looking pine trees from nine different stands were examined for Heterobasidion spp. presence. Heterobasidion spp. was de

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6

Tkach, Viktor, Oksana Tarnopilska, Oleksiy Kobets, et al. "Harmfulness of root rot in the stands planted on formerly arable land and clear-cuts after annosum-infected pine forests in Chernihiv Polissya physiographic region of Ukraine." Central European Forestry Journal 66, no. 1 (2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forj-2019-0025.

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AbstractThe study was conducted in pure Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests and mixed forests of Scots pine and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) within the Chernihiv Polissya physiographic region of Ukraine. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of forest mensuration characteristics and health condition of pine and mixed pine-birch stands planted on formerly arable lands and cutover areas after pine stands infected by annosum root rot. It was found that in pine stands planted on formerly arable land, the average diameter of living trees in the root rot disease focus was 1–6%

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7

Stanosz, G. R., and R. F. Patton. "Armillaria root rot in Wisconsin aspen sucker stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (1987): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-154.

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Roots of 50 healthy-appearing dominant or codominant aspen suckers were examined for signs of Armillaria root rot in each of nine stands (three each 3, 9, or 15 years after clear-cutting). Lesion numbers, sizes, and positions were also recorded for two of these stands of each age. Infection had occurred by rhizomorph penetration, mycelial growth through roots from parent stumps, and by contact with colonized roots and was only infrequently associated with obvious injuries. Rot incidence increased as a function of stand age, with > 70% of sampled trees affected in 15-year-old stands. More le

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8

Hadjadj, Kouider, Lakhdar Guerine, and Naimai Bendouina. "CONSIDERATION OF DENDROMETRIC AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AS INDICATORS OF REHABILITATION OF ATLAS PISTACHIO STANDS (PISTACIA ATLANTICA DESF.): CASE OF THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION OF NAAMA (WESTERN ALGERIA)." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 21 (2022): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i21.023.

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As part of this research, we made a dendrometric and ecological characterization of the Atlas pistachio stands located in the Naâma region through a series of dendro-architectural measurements and observations and floristic surveys. These stands are characterized dendrometrically by the presence of a pure stand with a regular structure dominated by very big wood (VBW) with 51,20%. The healthy tree and resilient tree ARCHI type are the most dominant with 65,10% and 23,20% respectively. From an ecological point of view, the stands studied harbor a low floristic diversity, made up of 21 species b

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9

Roy, Vincent, Robert Jobidon, and Louis Blais. "Étude des facteurs associés au dépérissement du bouleau à papier en peuplement résiduel après coupe." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 3 (2001): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77509-3.

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Following harvesting operations within the Quebec mixedwood region, decadence symptoms are frequently observed on residual paper birch trees, compromising future harvests. Simultaneously, these residual stands are often a constraint to the establishment and growth of valuable regeneration. In the context of intensive forest management and preservation of the conifer component in mixedwood stands, it is important to identify factors associated with paper birch post-logging decadence. Ninety-eight (98) stands were sampled along a partial cutting chronosequence of 1 to 11 years old in order to ex

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10

Kulhavý, J., I. Marková, I. Drápelová, and S. Truparová. "The effect of liming on the mineral nutrition of the mountain Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) forest." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 1 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/96/2008-jfs.

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Mineral nutrition represents the uptake, transport, metabolism and utilization of nutrients by the forest stand. These processes influence all physiological functions of trees. A specific minimum amount of all nutrients is necessary for the healthy development and growth of forest trees. The uptake of nutrients is influenced not only by natural conditions but also by anthropogenic activities. During the period of 2000–2005 the mineral nutrition of mountain Norway spruce stands was studied at the study site Bílý Kříž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts., Czech Republic). Research was carried out in

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11

Manion, Paul D., David H. Griffin, and Benjamin D. Rubin. "Ice damage impacts on the health of the northern New York State forest." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 4 (2001): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77619-4.

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Detailed crown condition information, including numbers of broken branches ≥ 5 cm diameter, broken tops, and healthy branches, were recorded for 5434 living trees > 9 cm dbh from 603 ten-basal-area-factor prism plots (three per forest stand) at 201 random points (stands) throughout the ice damage region of northern New York State. Twenty five percent of the sample stands had ≥ 20% branch breakage. Bigtooth aspen, red oak, red maple, and white pine had the most breakage. Comparison of potential mortality of trees associated with ≥ 75% ice damage (severe damage) to baseline (predicted) mortal

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12

Stavrova, N. I., V. V. Gorshkov, and P. N. Katyutin. "Vitality Structure of the Middle-Aged Northern Taiga Pine Forest Stands." Лесоведение, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0024114823040113.

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On the example of the northern taiga pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests of the western Kola peninsula (67°30′–68°10′ N, 33°57′–34°21′ W) the vitality structure of the middle-aged forest stands was studied in the communities within the lichen, lichen-green moss and green moss groups of forest types (12 permanent sample plots). It has been established that the studied forest stands are characterized by a numerical predominance of moderately and severely weakened trees (total share of 55–70%), and of moderately weakened and healthy trees in terms of trunk volume (total share of 50–75%). The signi

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13

Oliver, William W. "Twenty-Five-Year Growth and Mortality of Planted Ponderosa Pine Repeatedly Thinned to Different Stand Densities in Northern California." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 4 (1997): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.4.122.

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Abstract A 20 yr old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa) plantation on a productive site on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada in northern California was thinned four times over a 25 yr period. Stand densities tested were Stand Density Indexes (SDI) of 73, 128, 183, 238, and 293 (equivalent to 40,70,100,130, and 160 ft2/ac of basal area), replicated three times in a randomized design. Growth was analyzed for each of five 5 yr periods. Periodic annual increments (PAI) of diameter, net basal area, and net total volume differed significantly among periods and, in the earlier periods,

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14

Kolb, T. E., and L. H. McCormick. "Etiology of sugar maple decline in four Pennsylvania stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 11 (1993): 2395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-296.

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Tree-ring analysis was used to study historical patterns of basal area increment (BAI) by healthy (0–5% dieback) and declined (greater than 30% dieback) overstory sugar maples (Acersaccharum Marsh.) in four stands in Pennsylvania. The objectives were to establish if and when BAI decreased in healthy and declined trees and to identify causal factors associated with decreased BAI. Reduction in BAI of declined compared with healthy trees was first evident following a series of defoliations and summer droughts in the mid-1960s and early 1970s. These stresses were followed by repeated damage by pea

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15

Bloomberg, W. J., and A. A. Hall. "Effects of Laminated Root Rot on Relationships Between Stem Growth and Root-System Size, Morphology, and Spatial Distribution in Douglas-fir." Forest Science 32, no. 1 (1986): 202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/32.1.202.

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Abstract Root-system size (length, cross-sectional area, and volume) was measured in 30- to 40-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in five stands. Mean root-system size varied widely among stands (length 2,485-5,316 cm; cross-sectional area 4,070-13,520 cm²; volume 72,760-251,020 cm³). Percentage of roots decayed by Phellinus weirii varied among stands and among root orders ranging 22-83 percent by length and 21-84 percent by volume. Root size distribution in P. weirii-infected trees was generally of the same magnitude and pattern as in healthy trees. Diameter at breast

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16

Masaka, Kazuhiko, Yohichi Wakita, Kenta Iwasaki, and Masato Hayamizu. "Degradation of White Birch Shelterbelts by the Attack of White-Spotted Longicorn Beetles in Central Hokkaido, Northern Japan." Forests 13, no. 1 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010034.

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A widespread decline of white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) shelterbelts was observed in central Hokkaido, Japan. Many exit holes bored by white-spotted longicorn beetles (Anoplophora malasiaca) were found at the base of the trunks of trees in these stands. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of infestation on the degradation, and demonstrates whether the number of exit holes (Nholes) can be used as an index of the decline of trees. We selected 35 healthy appearing stands and 16 degraded stands in the study area. A generalized linear mixed model with zero inflation reveal

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17

Sheng, Qi, Lingbo Dong, Ying Chen, and Zhaogang Liu. "Selection of the Optimal Timber Harvest Based on Optimizing Stand Spatial Structure of Broadleaf Mixed Forests." Forests 14, no. 10 (2023): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14102046.

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There is increasing interest in optimizing stand structure through forest management. The forest structure influences growth and maintains the structure, promoting sustainability. Structure-based forest management (SBFM), which is based on the spatial relationships between a reference tree and its four nearest neighbors, considers the best spatial structure for the stand and promotes the development towards a healthy and stable state by selectively thinning specific trees. This management method is a scientific approach for sustainable forest management, and appropriate harvesting is the core

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18

Meshkova, Valentyna L., Yana Koshelyaeva, and Maryna S. Kolienkina. "Silver birch health condition in the parks of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 19 (December 26, 2019): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/411936.

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Recently health condition of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands worsens in the forest and ornamental stands. It is important to know the probability of its improvement or deterioration in particular stands to take the necessary measures in time.  The aim of the research was to assess the trends in the health condition dynamics of silver birch stands depending on their age class and the initial health condition of the trees. The research was carried out in 2015-2019 in the Silver birch linear stands in two parks of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaev (4

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19

Trofimov, Vladimir, та Olga Trofimova. "Средневзвешенная категория состояния деревьев как критерий ослабления древостоя". АгроЭкоИнфо 1, № 61 (2024): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202141124.

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The issue of using a weighted average assessment of the health of trees condition Kср as a criterion for the sanitary condition of a stand on the example of spruce and birch forests. Based on the growth tables, Kср developed for five categories of tree health status with differentiation of results by age groups and assessment methods (by stock volume or by number of trees). It showed that exceeding Kср of 1.5 is not a sufficient criterion for the unsatisfactory sanitary condition of the stand. For a stand with natural thinning by age the estimations Kср are increase from Ia to V quality of loc

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20

Ursić, Branko, Željko Zečić, and Dinko Vusić. "Quantity and Quality of Narrow-Leaved Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) Wood Forest Products in Relation to Tree Crown Defoliation." Forests 16, no. 1 (2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16010147.

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Forest stands are developing in changeable climate conditions that influence stand health and consequently assortment quality. Narrow-leaved ash is strongly affected by dieback because of new fungal diseases. The main aim of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of produced wood assortments in dieback-affected narrow-leaved ash stands. Based on the study results, the average tree value increased with tree diameter and partially decreased with tree crown defoliation degree. The healthy (crown defoliated up to 25%) and 3A (crown defoliated from 61 to 80%) trees had significantly h

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21

Laroche, H. H., C. Ford, K. Hansen, et al. "Concession stand makeovers: a pilot study of offering healthy foods at high school concession stands." Journal of Public Health 37, no. 1 (2014): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdu015.

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22

Stiell, W. M., C. F. Robinson, and D. Burgess. "20-year growth of white pine following commercial improvement cut in pine mixedwoods." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 4 (1994): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70385-4.

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Understory 55-year-old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in mixedwood stands were released in 1971 from an (ca. 80-year-old) overstory of intolerant hardwoods using wheeled skidders in a commercial logging operation. The main aim of the study was to increase the growth and yield of white pine for sawlogs over the following 20 to 30 year period by releasing suppressed pine. Growth of released, healthy white pine was assessed after logging for a range of stand densities (basal areas of 6.9, 11.5, 16.1 m2 ha−1) using suitable control plots and a randomized complete block design with five replicates.

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23

Kline, Kristina N., Jimmy D. Taylor, and Anita T. Morzillo. "Estimating stand-level economic impacts of black bear damage to intensively managed forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 7 (2018): 758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0314.

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Black bears (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) peel conifers in early spring to forage on energy-rich vascular tissues, resulting in damage to timber stands. The objective of our study was to develop and demonstrate a conceptual framework and methods for estimating stand-level volume and economic losses from black bear damage. We created tree lists from surveys of healthy and bear-damaged trees in timber stands of western Washington and Oregon. The forest growth model Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) was used to project stand volume under two damage scenarios and an undamaged scenario. One damag

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24

Ponomarev, Evgenii, Andrey Zabrodin, and Tatiana Ponomareva. "Classification of Fire Damage to Boreal Forests of Siberia in 2021 Based on the dNBR Index." Fire 5, no. 1 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5010019.

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Wildfire in Siberia is extensive, affecting up to 15 Mha annually. The proportion of the vegetation affected by severe fires is yet unknown, and it is a problem that requires a solution because post-fire mortality of tree stands in Siberian taiga has a strong effect on the global budget of carbon. The impact of fire in our area of interest in eastern Siberia was analyzed using the normalized burn ratio (NBR) and its pre- versus post-fire difference (dNBR) applied to Landsat-8 (OLI) collected in 2020–2021. In this paper, we present the classification of fire impact in relation to dominant tree

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25

Sturdevant, Nancy, Laurel Haavik, and José F. Negrón. "Douglas-fir Tree Mortality Caused by the Douglas-fir Beetle in Thinned and Unthinned Stands in Montana, USA." Forest Science 68, no. 2 (2022): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxac006.

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Abstract Bark beetles are casual agents of tree mortality, often affecting landscapes with diverse topography. The Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) (DFB) uses Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), as its primary host. Populations often increase following disturbances such as defoliation, fires, or blowdowns and then transition into live healthy trees. Mitigating tree mortality where high mortality levels are incompatible with land manager objectives is of relevance. In this study, we compared mortality levels in eighteen thinned and twelve unthinned pure Dou

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26

Chhin, Sophan, and Kaelyn Finley. "Dendroclimatic Response of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) Affected by Shoot Blight Caused by Diplodia pinea." Forests 15, no. 11 (2024): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15112011.

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Анотація:

The overall objective of our study was to examine the influence of climatic factors and tree-based competition on the radial growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests affected by the fungal pathogen, Diplodia pinea. Our study utilized dendroclimatic techniques to examine how past annual diameter growth can be influenced by the historical climate of the region. Twenty jack pine sites were sampled in Michigan within the Upper Peninsula (UP) and the Lower Peninsula (LP) region. Furthermore, two condition levels of forest health (D. pinea-affected vs. healthy reference stands) were considered

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27

Rumiantsev, Maksym, Oleksii Kobets, Natalia Vysotska, et al. "Acorn production of pedunculate oak in northeast of Ukraine." Forestry Studies 78, no. 1 (2023): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2023-0002.

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Abstract We analysed the quantity and quality of Quercus robur L. acorns after years with a very poor yield under the canopy of natural oak stands of various compositions, ages and stock densities in the northeastern part of Ukraine. We determined the mass of 1,000 healthy and damaged acorns of the current year. The levels of variability were estimated for the number and mass of acorns under the canopy of the studied stands. The dependences of the number of acorns on the age of oak stands and their stock density were studied. The total number of acorns under the canopy of natural oak stands wa

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28

Darveau, Marcel, Gilles Gauthier, Jean-Luc DesGranges, and Yves Mauffette. "Nesting success, nest sites, and parental care of the least flycatcher in declining maple forests." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 8 (1993): 1592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-225.

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Анотація:

We compared nesting success, nest site characteristics, and parental care of the least flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) between healthy and declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum) stands in southern Quebec, from 1987 to 1989. On average, decline had caused a 20–30% foliage loss. A previous study showed that the least flycatcher was the most abundant species in these stands, even though some negative correlations between population densities and the intensity of decline were detected. Nesting success averaged 53% and did not differ between healthy and declining sites. Nests were located in larger

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29

Yang, K. C., and G. Hazenberg. "Geographical variation in wood properties of Larixlaricina juvenile wood in northern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 7 (1987): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-106.

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Анотація:

Growth rate, latewood ratio, specific gravity, and tracheid length of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch juvenile wood were studied with two 12-mm increment cores extracted at breast height from 240 healthy trees from 12 locations at a range in latitude from 46 to 56° N in northern Ontario. Ten trees were selected from each stand and two stands were chosen from each location. Univariate analyses of variance indicated that growth rate and latewood of juvenile wood varied significantly in various locations, stands, and trees at the α = 0.01 level of significance. Growth rate of juvenile wood decreas

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30

Lewis, Kathy J., and B. Staffan Lindgren. "Relationship between spruce beetle and tomentosus root disease: two natural disturbance agents of spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 1 (2002): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-170.

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Анотація:

This project investigated the interaction between tomentosus root disease of spruce, caused by Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.:Fr.) S. Teng, and spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)). Both organisms are important agents of mortality and volume loss in boreal and sub-boreal spruce forests of British Columbia. They also occur in similar stand types with respect to species composition and tree age. One study involved an intensive survey of 23 spruce stands, where trees were sampled for both beetle and root disease. Tree condition (dead standing, live, windthrown) was also recorded. Few stands

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31

Niemtur, Stanisław, Elżbieta Chomicz, and Mariusz Kapsa. "Occurrence of the silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) butt rot in protected areas." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 4 (2015): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0031.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse butt rot incidences in silver fir stands of selected nature reserves and national parks. The study included 11 stands in Carpathian forests and for comparison 4 stands outside the Carpathians. To identify butt rot in fir trees, we used the non-invasive method of acoustic tomography. We tested 30 randomly selected fir trees in each of the 15 stands using Picus Sonic tomography to determine butt rot occurrence and to assess the proportion (%) of healthy wood in cross-sections of the tree trunk. The results indicate significant differences in the frequ

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32

Niemtur, Stanisław, Elżbieta Chomicz, and Mariusz Kapsa. "Occurrence of the silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) butt rot in protected areas." Forest Research Papers 75 (4) (December 1, 2014): 343–52. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0031.

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Анотація:

The aim of the study was to analyse butt rot incidences in silver fir stands of selected nature reserves and national parks. The study included 11 stands in Carpathian forests and for comparison 4 stands outside the Carpathians. To identify butt rot in fir trees, we used the non-invasive method of acoustic tomography. We tested 30 randomly selected fir trees in each of the 15 stands using Picus Sonic tomography to determine butt rot occurrence and to assess the proportion (%) of healthy wood in cross-sections of the tree trunk. The results indicate significant differences in the frequency of b

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33

Mallett, K. I., and W. J. A. Volney. "Relationships among jack pine budworm damage, selected tree characteristics, and Armillaria root rot in jack pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 11 (1990): 1791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-239.

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Trees in a 94-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand defoliated by the jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinus Freeman) were examined to see if there was an association of root condition and stem growth with tree condition. Healthy trees had heavier root systems, larger root volumes, and larger annual volume increments than top-killed or dead trees in the years prior to elevated tree mortality within the stand. Roots of all the dead trees contained Armillariaostoyae (Romag.) Herink (North American Biological Species I). Three of five top-killed trees and one of five healthy trees were i

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34

HD, Japheth, Vange T, and Amonum JI. "Crown bole diameter linear equation for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz and its application to stand density control in natural stands." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2021.06.00209.

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At present, no adequate information on the application of crown-bole diameter model to stand density and stock control for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz open grown trees for sustainable forest management in the study area. The species numbers are threatened, because farmers and foresters do not actively plant this tree species. Livestock, fire, and anthropogenic activities are few factors that limit the success of natural regeneration of the species; and is facing regeneration problem. These have led to the species declining in the natural forest areas and the loss of biological v

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A.B., Yakhyayev, Safarova E.P., and Seyfullayev F.S. "Modern State Of Beech Stands Of Great Caucasus." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine 2017, no. 1 (2017): 74–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7887582.

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For evaluating the state of beech stands in the northern region of the Republic, 16 plots in 3 farms were es- tablished. The state of stands is determined by the external characteristics of the leaves and branches of the crown of trees under different growing conditions. As a result of the conducted studies it was revealed that the number of damaged trees were different according to the degree of defoliation of leaves within forest types and wood species: in the dead cover type-beech -3-6% hornbeam - 17-21%; in fescue - beech 26-32%, hornbeam - 31-40%, oak - 39-42%. In the examined stands acco

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36

Dey, Daniel C., Douglass Jacobs, Ken McNabb, Gary Miller, V. Baldwin, and G. Foster. "Artificial Regeneration of Major Oak (Quercus) Species in the Eastern United States—A Review of the Literature." Forest Science 54, no. 1 (2008): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/54.1.77.

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Abstract Although natural regeneration is often the best method for establishing new oak (Quercus spp.) stands, there are increasingly more situations in which high potential for oak regeneration failure dictates the use of artificial regeneration including direct seeding and planting seedlings. Additionally, afforestation planting programs frequently incorporate oak species. Artificial regeneration of oak stands is challenging for numerous reasons. In this article we synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding growing and planting the major oak species in the eastern United States, po

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37

Bessonova, V. P., and S. O. Yakovlieva-Nosar. "Taxonomic indicators and vital status of Quercus robur L. in different forest conditions of the mouth and middle part of the ravine Yatsevo (Dnipropetrovsk region)." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 52 (November 5, 2023): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/442301.

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The influence of forest and vegetation conditions on the taxonomic characteristics and vital state of the common oak (Quercus robur L.) was analyzed. The research was conducted on four experimental plots in the Yatsevo tract: in the thalweg (CL3) and on the lower third of the slope (CL2) of the southern exposure of the mouth part and in the thalweg (CL3) and the upper third of the slope (CL1-2) of the same exposure in the middle part of the gully. In the thalweg of the middle part of the gully, a linden-pack oak forest with elm grows, the density of this stand (1700 pcs./ha) is the largest amo

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38

Worrall, James J., Andrew G. Keck, and Suzanne B. Marchetti. "Populus tremuloides stands continue to deteriorate after drought-incited sudden aspen decline." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 12 (2015): 1768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0225.

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Reports of forest damage have increased with the frequency of climatic extremes, but longer term impacts of such events on population dynamics of forest trees are generally unknown. Incited by the turn-of-the-century drought, sudden aspen decline (SAD) damaged 535 000 ha of Populus tremuloides Michx. in the Southern Rockies ecoregion of western North America. Although spread of the disease stopped in about 2009, most of the affected stands continued to deteriorate. Remeasurement of plots in southwestern Colorado showed that, since the peak of the epidemic, live basal area in sick plots decreas

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39

Adams, Cindy M., and Thomas C. Hutchinson. "Fine-root growth and chemical composition in declining Central Ontario sugar maple stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 10 (1992): 1489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-199.

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This study examines the condition of fine-root systems of healthy and declining sugar maples (Acersaccharum Marsh.) at two sites in Central Ontario, one moderately declining and the other severely declining. Roots are frequently sensitive indicators of soil nutrition, thus ingrowth cores (soil transplants) were used to assess the effect of bulk surface (F-layered Ah horizon) soils collected from beneath healthy or declining trees on fine-root chemistry and growth. Soil at each site was collected from healthy and declining trees and reciprocally transplanted (buried) in mesh bags, and roots wer

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Dewi, Citra Satrya Utama, Defri Yona, Pratama Diffi Samuel, et al. "Distribution and healthy status of seagrass bed in Lamongan coastal area." E3S Web of Conferences 153 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015301003.

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The important role of ecology and the high economic value of a seagrass beds are strongly influenced by its health status. The purposes of this study were to 1. analyze the distribution, extent and type of seagrass; 2. identify the seagrass covering and density; 3. analyze the health status of seagrass in the coastal village of Lamongan. This research was conducted in July to August 2019, along the coast of Lamongan Regency. Stages of research conducted include: tracking to determine the distribution and extent of seagrass beds, quadratic transects to determine seagrass covering and density, a

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41

Georgiev, Georgi, Margarita Georgieva, Sevdalin Belilov, et al. "Early detection of Ips typographus infestations by using Sentinel-2 satellite images in windthrow affected Norway spruce forests in Smolyan region, Bulgaria." Silva Balcanica 23, no. 2 (2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e98314.

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Strong winds uprooted more than 100 thousand m3 of coniferous trees in natural forest stands nearby the town of Smolyan (the Western Rhodopes) in January 2018. Although damaged trees were quickly removed from the stands, the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) attacked the healthy Norway spruce trees near the windthrow areas in August 2020. Our hypothesis was that the trees were infested by the pest in previous years when no symptoms of attacks were observed. This study was conducted in three spruce stands, located near the windthrow areas and attacked by I. typographus, and in three

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42

Georgiev, Georgi, Margarita Georgieva, Sevdalin Belilov, et al. "Early detection of Ips typographus infestations by using Sentinel-2 satellite images in windthrow affected Norway spruce forests in Smolyan region, Bulgaria." Silva Balcanica 23, no. (2) (2022): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.22.e98314.

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Анотація:

Strong winds uprooted more than 100 thousand m<sup>3</sup> of coniferous trees in natural forest stands nearby the town of Smolyan (the Western Rhodopes) in January 2018. Although damaged trees were quickly removed from the stands, the European spruce bark beetle (<em>Ips typographus</em>) attacked the healthy Norway spruce trees near the windthrow areas in August 2020. Our hypothesis was that the trees were infested by the pest in previous years when no symptoms of attacks were observed. This study was conducted in three spruce stands, located near the windthrow areas and attacked by <em>I. t

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43

Hunt, R. S. "Operational control of white pine blister rust by removal of lower branches." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (1991): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67284-3.

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Line surveys were conducted in 13 young western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don) stands throughout British Columbia to determine the effectiveness of lower branch removal in controlling blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer). Uninfected trees and most trees with infected branches were protected from future stem infections. In general, effectiveness and efficiency could have been improved by (a) earlier treatment to reduce stem infections, (b) not treating trees with infected stems, (c) treating all other trees, and (d) removing infected branches above the treatment height. Some stands w

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44

Kramer, Sharon Flora, Liam Johnson, Julie Bernhardt, and Toby Cumming. "Validity of Multisensor Array for Measuring Energy Expenditure of an Activity Bout in Early Stroke Survivors." Stroke Research and Treatment 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9134547.

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Introduction. Stroke survivors use more energy than healthy people during activities such as walking, which has consequences for the way exercise is prescribed for stroke survivors. There is a need for wearable device that can validly measure energy expenditure (EE) of activity to inform exercise prescription early after stroke. We aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the SenseWear-Armband (SWA) to measure EE and step-counts during activity <1 month after stroke. Materials and Methods. EE was measured using the SWA and metabolic cart and steps-counts were measured using the SW

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45

Sumiyati, Sumiyati, Agus Subagiyo, and Arum Lusiana. "Sanitasi dan Kualitas Air Minum pada Depot Air Minum (DAM)." Jurnal Riset Kesehatan 4, no. 3 (2016): 832–38. https://doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v4i3.369.

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This is a descriptive research about the sanitation and the quality management of drinking water stands in Banyumas. The data were collected through interviews, observations and laboratory tests. The results show that drinking water stands sanitary conditions in Banyumas in 2014 with excellent category as much as 57.15%, 21.4% is in good category, 14.3% is in quite category and 7.15% is in unfavorable category, the physical quality of drinking water meets health standards: colorless, odorless and tasteless, chemical quality of drinking water qualify chemically with normal pH, 78.6% drinking wa

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46

Rai, Prakash, Vineeta, Gopal Shukla, et al. "Carbon Storage of Single Tree and Mixed Tree Dominant Species Stands in a Reserve Forest—Case Study of the Eastern Sub-Himalayan Region of India." Land 10, no. 4 (2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040435.

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In recent decades, carbon (C) management is an important point on the agenda to identify the best viable mitigation strategies for its reduction. The study was conducted at Jaldapara National Park located in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. The study quantified litter production, decomposition, periodic nutrient release, soil fertility status, and soil organic carbon (SOC) of five major forest stands i.e., Tectona grandis (TGDS), Shorea robusta (SRDS), Michelia champaca (MCDS), Lagerstroemia parviflora (LPDS) and miscellaneous stand (MS). A stratified random nested quadrate method was ad

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47

Dijk, H. F. G. Van, M. Van der Gaag, P. J. M. Perik, and J. G. M. Roelofs. "Nutrient availability in Corsican pine stands in The Netherlands and the occurrence of Sphaeropsis sapinea: a field study." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 4 (1992): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-111.

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To investigate whether there is a relation between the availability of nitrogen and the incidence of damage caused by the parasitic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & Sutton in Corsican pine (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio (Poir.) Maire) stands, needle and soil samples were taken in 29 stands in spring and early summer of 1986. The infected stands proved to contain higher nitrogen levels in the needle tissue and concomitant higher ammonium levels in the soil. Phosphorus was also present in larger amounts in needle tissue and soil. Most of the additional nitrogen in the needles of the affect

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48

Payette, Serge, Marie-Josée Fortin, and Claude Morneau. "The recent sugar maple decline in southern Quebec: probable causes deduced from tree rings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 6 (1996): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-118.

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We used tree-ring chronologies from sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) stands showing various degrees of dieback (i.e., 16 sugar maple chronologies from healthy trees and 11 from damaged trees), distributed throughout the species range in southern Quebec, to analyze the spatial extent and timing of the recent sugar maple decline. Furthermore, six tree-ring chronologies of American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.) from six damaged sugar maple stands were used to compare for differential responses associated with factors such as insect defoliation (from the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosomadisst

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49

Oren, R., K. S. Werk, N. Buchmann, and R. Zimmermann. "Chlorophyll–nutrient relationships identify nutritionally caused decline in Piceaabies stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 6 (1993): 1187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-150.

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Increasing needle chlorosis at a declining Piceaabies (L.) Karst. site in northeast Bavaria, Germany, as well as in other declining P. abies stands in southern Germany, was associated with a decrease in the concentrations of both chlorophyll a and b, and, to a lesser extent, of carotenoids. Needle chlorosis related more to a decrease in the chlorophyll concentration than to a decrease in the ratio of total chlorophyll to carotenoids. In forests growing on relatively acidified soils, concentrations of both chlorophyll a and b, and of carotenoids in chlorotic needles were related only to foliar

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50

Hornbeck, James W., and James N. Kochenderfer. "Growth Trends and Management Implications for West Virginia's Red Spruce Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 4 (1998): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/15.4.197.

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Abstract Growth trends determined from tree rings are reported for red spruce in three mature stands and three plantations in West Virginia. Annual growth rates in mature forests have stabilized after a period of decline that began around 1960 and lasted for 20-25 yr. Annual growth rates in plantations established between 1935 and 1942 show a gradual decline that can be reversed by thinning. Growth rates and stand basal areas suggest that red spruce forests in West Virginia are healthy and can be highly productive. Management options for expanding the area of red spruce forests include harvest

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