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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "High voltage/low voltage redundancy"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "High voltage/low voltage redundancy"

Malinowski, M. "Cascaded multilevel converters in recent research and applications." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0062.

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Abstract Multilevel converters have been intensively investigated and developed since 1960s and have found successful industrial applications. The aim of this paper is to present state of the art as well as recent research and applications of cascaded multilevel converters, which are a very interesting solution for power distribution systems and renewable energy sources. Cascaded multilevel converters can easily operate at medium and high voltage based on the series connection of power modules (cells), which use standard low-voltage component configurations. Series connections of modules (cells) allow for high quality output voltages and input currents, reduction of passive components and availability of component redundancy. Due to these features the cascaded multilevel converters have been recognized as attractive solutions for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission, solid state transformers (SST) and photovoltaic (PV) systems.

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Shi, Yong, and Zhuoyi Xu. "Wide Load Range ZVS Three-level DC-DC Converter: Modular Structure, Redundancy Ability, and Reduced Filters Size." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2019): 3537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183537.

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In future dc distributed power systems, high performance high voltage dc-dc converters with redundancy ability are welcome. However, most existing high voltage dc-dc converters do not have redundancy ability. To solve this problem, a wide load range zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-level (TL) dc-dc converter is proposed, which has some definitely good features. The primary switches have reduced voltage stress, which is only Vin/2. Moreover, no extra clamping component is needed, which results simple primary structure. Redundancy ability can be obtained by both primary and secondary sides, which means high system reliability. With proper designing of magnetizing inductance, all primary switches can obtain ZVS down to 0 output current, and in addition, the added conduction loss can be neglected. TL voltage waveform before the output inductor is obtained, which leads small volume of the output filter. Four secondary MOSFETs can be switched in zero-current switching (ZCS) condition over wide load range. Finally, both the primary and secondary power stages are modular architecture, which permits realizing any given system specifications by low voltage, standardized power modules. The operation principle, soft switching characteristics are presented in this paper, and the experimental results from a 1 kW prototype are also provided to validate the proposed converter.

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Mishra, Santanu, and Xingsheng Zhou. "Design Considerations for a Low-Voltage High-Current Redundant Parallel Voltage Regulator Module System." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, no. 4 (April 2011): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2049714.

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García-Leyva, Lancelot, Dennis Andrade, Sergio Gómez, Antonio Calomarde, Francesc Moll, and Antonio Rubio. "New redundant logic design concept for high noise and low voltage scenarios." Microelectronics Journal 42, no. 12 (December 2011): 1359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2011.09.007.

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Gu, Xin, Bingxu Wei, Guozheng Zhang, Zhiqiang Wang, and Wei Chen. "Improved Synchronized Space Vector PWM Strategy for Three-Level Inverter at Low Modulation Index." Electronics 8, no. 12 (November 23, 2019): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121400.

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Aimed at reducing the switching loss and common-mode voltage amplitude of high-power medium-voltage three-level inverter under low modulation index conditions, an improved synchronous space vector PWM strategy is proposed in this paper. The switching times in each fundamental period are reduced by the re-division of small regions and the full use of the redundant switching state. The sum of switching algebra is introduced as an evaluation index and the switching state with the minimum value of the sum of switching algebra are adopted. Then, the common mode voltage amplitude is reduced. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the improved modulation strategy proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the switching loss and common-mode voltage amplitude of the inverter under the condition of the low modulation index. Moreover, the neutral-point voltage ripple is also reduced simultaneously.

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Mahmoudi, Morad, Abdellah El Barkany, and Ahmed El Khalfi. "Toward an Integrated Approach of HV and MV Circuit-Breakers Optimization Maintenance Planning and Reliability Assessment: A Case Study." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 29 (March 2017): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.29.133.

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This paper investigates technical and organizational tools to improve maintenance planning performances. Indeed, maintaining a high level of reliability and availability of a Medium Voltage electrical network protection system such as the Medium Voltage and High Voltage circuit-breaker and its numerical protection relay at a low operating expenses cost is one of the most critical and challenging tasks for MV electrical distribution network operators. This work has mainly two goals. Firstly, to propose an operating expenses budget function that evaluates the Planned Scheduled Preventive Maintenance Policy combined with a Condition-based maintenance fora real series-parallel multi-assets MV electrical distribution system with active redundancy under the reliability and the maintenance frequency visits of these components. Secondly, to implement an integrated genetic algorithm approach in order to look for the optimal perfect and planned preventive maintenance scheduling policy and condition-based maintenance that minimizes the maximum operating expenses cost of the entire system.The method determines the optimal schedule of preventive maintenance actions based on minimization both reliabilty and operating expenses costs. Conclusions and recommendations for practice are made on the basis of obtained results.

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Pham, Khoa Dang, Quan Vinh Nguyen, and Nho-Van Nguyen. "PWM Strategy to Alleviate Common-Mode Voltage with Minimized Output Harmonic Distortion for Five-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Converters." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 4476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154476.

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High-frequency components of common-mode voltage (CMV) induce the shaft voltage and bearing current, which lead to premature failures in motors. In addition, due to non-zero average CMV, the low-frequency components of CMV, particularly the third-order harmonic component, have been reported to cause difficulties in common-mode filter design. Furthermore, the utilization of distant voltage vectors in the pulse-width modulation (PWM) with reduced CMV magnitudes gives rise to high output harmonic distortion compared to PWM ones without CMV reduction. In an attempt to solve the aforementioned issues, this article presents a PWM strategy that features reduced CMV magnitudes, zero average CMV, and improved output harmonic distortion for a five-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter. In addition, the carrier rotation technique based on the phase-leg redundancy of the CHB topology is also combined with the proposed scheme to achieve equal power loss distribution among power switching devices. Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed strategy produces better output harmonic distortion than that of POD-SPWM and APOD-SPWM under the condition of reduced CMV magnitudes, zero average CMV, and equal power loss distribution.

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Jiaxiong, YE, WANG Jikang, PENG Yuanquan, FAN Xinming, and LIU Yijun. "High Quality NLM Method for Medium Voltage Hybrid Bridge MMC." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123601030.

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Medium voltage hybrid bridge multilevel converter (MMC) usually has a lower number of links. Therefore, the traditional Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) method has the problems of low equivalent switching frequency and poor output quality. And the traditional Carrier Phase-shifted Pulse Width Modulation (CPS-PWM) modulation has problems such as difficulty in hybrid bridge control, difficulty in redundant configuration, and large amount of calculation. In response to the above problems, this paper proposes a new high-quality NLM method. Based on the traditional NLM modulation method, PWM modulation output and module voltage equalization are realized through the time difference between one module input and one module exit in each control cycle. It achieves the purpose of improving the equivalent switching frequency and output power quality, and at the same time has the advantages of the traditional NLM modulation method with small calculation amount, redundant configuration and hybrid bridge modulation. This article describes the three modulation methods and compares their effects. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by PSCAD simulation.

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Hu, Yang, Heng Zhang, Jing Chen, Huan Zhang, Xinmeng Liu, Jiachen Li, Hanyu Chen, and Haiyang Hu. "A Multi-Functional De-Icing Equipment Using Modular Parallel PWM Current Source Converters." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125601033.

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For transmission line de-icing, a five level specific harmonic elimination (5l-she) modulation method for high-power parallel current source is proposed, which realizes the current balance of DC bridge arm and the suppression of common mode voltage, and ensures the power quality of grid connected current at low switching frequency. In addition the reactive power of the low voltage load can be compensated at the same time. Firstly, the switching states are classified according to the different mode lengths of PWM current, and the common mode voltage corresponding to each switching state is calculated. Secondly, the current sharing control strategy is established based on the analysis of the influence of redundant switching state on the current sharing of DC bridge arm. Then, the 5l-she waveform is constructed based on the switching state with lower common mode voltage, and the redundant switching states is optimized according to the current sharing strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.

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Babenko, V. P., and V. K. Bityukov. "Protection of battery-powered devices against accidental swap of power supply connections." Russian Technological Journal 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-6-52-59.

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Objectives. Battery-powered devices (e.g., wireless sensors, pacemakers, watches and other wrist-worn devices, virtual reality glasses, unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, pyrometers, cars, DC/DC converters, etc.) are widely used today. For such devices, it is highly important to ensure safe primary power supply connection, including protection against reverse polarity. The conventional solution to the reverse polarity problem, involving the use of Schottky diodes during system redundancy or increasing power by combining two or more power supplies in the OR-ing circuit due to a large voltage drop, results in significant power losses at high currents, heat dissipation problems, and an increase in the mass and size of the equipment. For this reason, it becomes necessary to develop efficient batterypowered equipment protection against incorrect reverse polarity connection.Methods. The problem is solved using circuit simulation in the Electronics Workbench environment.Results. When protecting equipment against reverse voltage polarity, it is shown that the minimum level of losses and low voltage drop are provided by “ideal diode” circuit solutions based on discrete components and microcircuits of the “integrated diode” type with external and internal power metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The circuit simulation of ideal diodes based on p- and n-channel transistors with superior technical parameters allows the characteristics and voltage and power losses in the protected circuits to be specified along with a presentation of the proposed technical solution simplicity. The contemporary component base of protection devices is discussed in terms of efficiency.Conclusions. Examples of equipment for protecting against reverse voltage polarity are given along with circuit solutions based on discrete and integrated components. The simulation of the transfer characteristics of protection devices shows the limit for the minimum input voltage value of around 4 V using a MOSFET transistor.

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Дисертації з теми "High voltage/low voltage redundancy"

Zhou, Xunwei. "Low-voltage High-efficiency Fast-transient Voltage regulator Module." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28832.

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In order to meet demands for faster and more efficient data processing, modern microprocessors are being designed with lower voltage implementations. The processor voltage supply in future generation processors will decrease to 1.1 V ~ 1.8V. More devices will be packed on a single processor chip, and processors will operate at higher frequencies, beyond 1GHz. Therefore, microprocessors need aggressive power management. Future generation processors will draw current up to 50 A ~ 100 A [2]. These demands, in turn, will require special power supplies and Voltage Regulator Modules (VRMs) to provide lower voltages with higher currents and fast transient capabilities for microprocessors. This work presents several low-voltage high-current VRM technologies for future generation data processing, communication, and portable applications. The developed advanced VRMs with these new technologies have advantages over conventional ones in power density, efficiency, transient response, reliability, and cost. The multi-module interleaved quasi-square-wave VRM topology achieves a very fast transient response and a very high power density. This topology significantly reduces the filter inductance and capacitance, while having small output and input ripples. The analysis, design, and experimental verification for this new topology are presented in this work. The current sensing and current sharing techniques are developed with simple and cost-effective implementations. With this technique, traditional current transformers and sensing resistors are not required, and the inductance value, MOSFET on resistance and other parasitics have no effect on current sharing results. The design principles are developed and experimentally verified. A generalized approach and an extension of the novel current sharing control are presented in this work. The techniques for improving VRM light load efficiency are developed in this work. By utilizing the duty cycle signal, VRMs can be implemented with advanced power management functions to reduce further the power consumption at light loads to extend the battery-operation time in portable systems or to facilitate the compliance with various "energy star" ("green" power) requirements in office systems. Four improved approaches are presented and verified with experimental results. The high-input-voltage VRM topology, push-pull forward converter, can be used in high-bus-voltage distributed power systems. This converter has a high efficiency, a high power density, a fast transient response, and can be easily packaged as a standard module. The circuit design and experimental evaluation are addressed to demonstrate the operation principles and advantages of this topology.
Ph. D.

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Ng, Wing Lun. "Low-voltage high-frequency CMOS transformer-feedback voltage-controlled oscillators /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202006%20NG.

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Bergquist, Hampus. "A self restoring system on low voltage level." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181804.

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Fortums electric grid in Norra Djurgårdsstaden is a test grid for smart equipment and they are investigating new techniques and ways to improve the quality of the grid. With the quality improvements that are researched, a "self-restoring system" is a part of the research with the intention to lower the amount of outages and shorten the time it takes to restore faults. This thesis can be seen as a part of the optimization process of the grid in Norra Djurgårdsstaden where the benefits with a basic self-restoring system have been investigated on low voltage level. In the thesis the self-restoring system has been classified into a "basic" and an "advanced" category. The basic self-restoring system cross-connect several feeding paths by cross-connecting different low voltage grids and use mechanical equipment to change between cables when a fault in a cable occurs. The advanced self-restoring system uses several feeders and smart grid technology with equipment and softwares which communicate and visualize the grid. The difference between the systems is that the advanced system can visualize the grid and is able to tell when and where faults have occurred to a more detailed level. The advanced system can also calculate the power available and does not need the same amount of cables for redundancy because it can command users to lower their consumption when an outage has occurred. A decision was made to only investigate the technique on low voltage level because a basic system already exists on medium voltage in Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Results show that investing in a basic self-restoring system in Norra Djurgårdsstaden would cost about 2 million SEK and lower the total amount of outages for the customers in the area from 45 minutes per customer and year down to about 41 minutes. The reason why the decrease is only four minutes per year and customer is because faults occurring on higher voltage level cannot be reduced with the system. It is totally about 10 % of the faults that occur on low voltage level. One conclusion from the thesis is that the reduction in quality costs which are because to the lowered outages will not be enough to pay back the investment. More outage-time per customer and year need to be prevented with the system or the customers need to value reduced outages significantly more.

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Zhang, Yan. "Cost reflective network pricing for high voltage and low voltage distribution networks." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558863.

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Li, Wei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. "Very-high-frequency low-voltage power delivery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82352.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-223).
Power conversion for the myriad low-voltage electronic circuits in use today, including portable electronic devices, digital electronics, sensors and communication circuits, is becoming increasingly challenging due to the desire for lower voltages, higher conversion ratios and higher bandwidth. Future computation systems also pose a major challenge in energy delivery that is difficult to meet with existing devices and design strategies. To reduce interconnect bottlenecks and enable more flexible energy utilization, it is desired to deliver power across interconnects at high voltage and low current with on- or over-die transformation to low voltage and high current, while providing localized voltage regulation in numerous zones. This thesis introduces elements for hybrid GaN-Si dc-de power converters operating at very high frequencies (VHF, 30-300 MHz) for low-voltage applications. Contributions include development of a new VHF frequency multiplier inverter suitable for step-down power conversion, and a Si CMOS switched-capacitor step-down rectifier. These are applied to develop a prototype GaN-Si hybrid dc-dc converter operating at 50 MHz. Additionally, this thesis exploits these elements to propose an ac power delivery architecture for low-voltage electronics in which power is delivered across the interconnect to the load at VHF ac, with local on-die transformation and rectification to dc. With the proposed technologies and emerging passives, it is predicted that the ac power delivery system can achieve over 90 % efficiency with greater than 1 W/mm² power density and 5:1 voltage conversion ratio. A prototype system has been designed and fabricated using a TSMC 0.25 [mu]m CMOS process to validate the concept. It operates at 50 MHz with output power of 4 W. The prototype converter has 8:1 voltage conversion ratio with input voltage of 20 V and output voltage of 2.5 V. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first ac power delivery architecture for low-voltage electronics ever built and tested.
by Wei Li.
Ph.D.

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Lieu, Anthony D. "A New Architecture For Low-Voltage Low-Phase-Noise High-Frequency CMOS LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7109.

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Presented in this work is a novel design technique for a low-phase-noise high-frequency CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator. Phase noise is generated from electrical noise near DC, the oscillation frequency, and its harmonics. In CMOS technology, low-frequency flicker noise dominates the close-in phase noise of the VCO. The proposed technique minimizes the VCO phase noise by seeking to eliminate the effect of flicker noise on the phase noise. This is accomplished by canceling out the DC component of the impulse sensitivity function (ISF) corresponding to each flicker-noise source, thus preventing the up-conversion of low-frequency noise into phase noise. The proposed circuit topology is a modified version of the complementary cross-coupled transconductance VCO, where additional feedback paths are introduced such that a designer can choose the feedback ratios, transistor sizes, and bias voltages to achieve the previously mentioned design objectives. A step-by-step design algorithm is presented along with a MATLAB script to aid in the computation of the ISFs and the phase noise of the VCO. Using this algorithm, a 5-GHz VCO was designed and fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process, and then tested for comparison with simulated results.

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Zhao, Shishuo. "High Frequency Isolated Power Conversion from Medium Voltage AC to Low Voltage DC." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74969.

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Modern data center power architecture developing trend is analyzed, efficiency improvement method is also discussed. Literature survey of high frequency isolated power conversion system which is also called solid state transformer is given including application, topology, device and magnetic transformer. Then developing trend of this research area is clearly shown following by research target. State of art wide band gap device including silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices are characterized and compared, final selection is made based on comparison result. Mostly used high frequency high power DC/DC converter topology dual active bridge (DAB) is introduced and compared with novel CLLC resonant converter in terms of switching loss and conduction loss point of view. CLLC holds ZVS capability over all load range and smaller turn off current value. This is beneficial for high frequency operation and taken as our candidate. Device loss breakdown of CLLC converter is also given in the end. Medium voltage high frequency transformer is the key element in terms of insulation safety, power density and efficiency. Firstly, two mostly used transformer structures are compared. Then transformer insulation requirement is referred for 4160 V application according to IEEE standard. Solid insulation material are also compared and selected. Material thickness and insulation distance are also determined. Insulation capability is preliminary verified in FEA electric field simulation. Thirdly two transformer magnetic loss model are introduced including core loss model and litz wire winding loss model. Transformer turn number is determined based on core loss and winding loss trade-off. Different core loss density and working frequency impact is carefully analyzed. Different materials show their best performance among different frequency range. Transformer prototype is developed following designed parameter. We test the developed 15 kW 500 kHz transformer under 4160 V dry type transformer IEEE Std. C57.12.01 standard, including basic lightning test, applied voltage test, partial discharge test. 500 kHz 15 kW CLLC converter gate drive is our design challenge in terms of symmetry propagation delay, cross talk phenomenon elimination and shoot through protection. Gate drive IC is carefully selected to achieve symmetrical propagation delay and high common mode dv/dt immunity. Zero turn off resistor is achieved with minimized gate loop inductance to prevent cross talk phenomenon. Desaturation protection is also employed to provide shoot through protection. Finally 15 kW 500 kHz CLLC resonant converter is developed based on 4160V 500 kHz transformer and tested up to full power level with 98% peak efficiency.
Master of Science

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Aliahmad, Mehran. "High voltage circuits for short loop SLICs in a low voltage submicron BiCMOS technology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ41393.pdf.

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Larsson, Anders. "On high-frequency distortion in low-voltage power systems." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26658.

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Power quality is a subject that has received a lot of attention during the last 10 to 20 years, both in industry and in academia. Power quality concerns interaction between the power grid and its customers and between the power grid and equipment connected to it, reflected in voltages and currents. Research and other developments in this area have to a great extent concentrated on relatively slow and low-frequency phenomena, with the main emphasis being on voltage dips (reductions in voltage magnitude with duration between about 50 ms and several seconds) and low-frequency harmonics (waveform distortion by frequency components up to about 2 kHz). These phenomena are reasonably well understood and several standards cover the area. For higher-frequency phenomena, above 2 kHz, there is no such general understanding, nor is there anything close to a complete set of standards covering this area. Modern energy efficient equipment connected to the grid, like fluorescent lamps but also solar panels, often uses switching technology, with switching frequencies that can range from a couple of kHz up to several hundreds of kHz. The grid is also used for communication of e.g. meter readings, system controls etc. This so-called power-line communication is using the same frequency range. The main frequency range of interest for this thesis has been the range from 2 to 150 kHz. There are two completely different measurement methods covering this frequency range: time-domain based and frequency-domain based. Time domain based measurements are used throughout the thesis. This gives an opportunity to choose between different analysing tools where among others the joint time-frequency domain has shown to be a useful tool for describing waveform distortion in our frequency range of interest. The majority of the measurements presented in this thesis have been directed towards fluorescent light powered by high frequency ballasts. This type of load has been, due to stringent harmonic limits, one of the first to use a more advanced switching technology called active power factor correction. This technique is also getting more frequently used in other small-power equipment, like computers. Installations of lights in stores etc. normally contain a large number of ballast connected together and the interaction is of importance, for example for setting emission and immunity standards. The measurements on ballasts presented in this work have shown that distortion in the frequency rage 2-150 kHz comes in three types: narrowband distortion; wideband distortion; and recurrent oscillations. The recurrent oscillations are a new type of powerquality disturbance that had not been recognized as such before. The measurements further have shown that the three types of distortion spread in a completely different way from the individual devices to the grid. This knowledge is essential for the setting of emission requirements on energy-efficient equipment.
Godkänd; 2011; 20110216 (andlar); DISPUTATION Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Anders Larsson Ämnesområde: Energiteknik/Energy Engineering Avhandling: On High-Frequency Distortion in Low-Voltage Power Systems Opponent: Adj. professor Lars Gertmar, Institutionen för industriell elektroteknik och automation, Lunds universitet Ordförande: Professor Math Bollen, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Onsdag den 23 mars 2011, kl 10.00 Plats: Hörsal A, Campus Skellefteå, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Çoban, Abdulkerim Levent. "A low-voltage high-resolution audio delta-sigma modulator." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15514.

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Книги з теми "High voltage/low voltage redundancy"

Waltari, Mikko E. Circuit techniques for low-voltage and high-speed A/D converters. New York: Springer, 2011.

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I, Halonen K. A., ed. Circuit techniques for low-voltage and high-speed A/D converters. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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1938-, Huijsing Johan H., ed. Compact low-voltage and high-speed CMOS, BiCMOS, and bipolar operational amplifiers. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Langen, Klaas-Jan de. Compact low-voltage and high-speed CMOS, BiCMOS, and bipolar operational amplifiers. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Langen, Klaas-Jan. Compact Low-Voltage and High-Speed CMOS, BiCMOS and Bipolar Operational Amplifiers. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999.

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Langen, Klaas-Jan de. Compact low-voltage and high-speed CMOS, BiCMOS, and bipolar operational amplifiers. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Langen, Klaas-Jan, and Johan H. Huijsing. Compact Low-Voltage and High-Speed CMOS, BiCMOS and Bipolar Operational Amplifiers. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2993-1.

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Fujishima, Naoto. A novel trench lateral power mosfet with high breakdown voltage and low on-resistance. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Sin, Sai-Weng, Seng-Pan U, and Rui Paulo Martins. Generalized Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques for Very High-Speed Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9710-1.

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Avinash, Lakshminarayana, and Shukla Sandeep K, eds. Low power design with high-level power estimation and power-aware synthesis. New York: Springer, 2012.

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Bell, David C. "Low Voltage High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy." In Low Voltage Electron Microscopy, 97–117. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118498514.ch5.

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Zhu, Qing K. "Low-Voltage Swing Clock Distribution." In High-Speed Clock Network Design, 125–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3705-9_8.

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Young, Richard J., Gerard N. A. van Veen, Alexander Henstra, and Lubomir Tuma. "Extreme High-Resolution (XHR) SEM Using a Beam Monochromator." In Low Voltage Electron Microscopy, 57–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118498514.ch3.

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Sin, Sai-Weng, Seng-Pan U, and Rui Paulo Martins. "Advanced Low Voltage Circuit Techniques." In Generalized Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques for Very High-Speed Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters, 27–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9710-1_3.

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Steyaert, M., J. Crols, and G. Plas. "A High Performance RDS-detector for Low Voltage Applications." In Low-Voltage Low-Power Analog Integrated Circuits, 7–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2283-6_2.

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Maurath, Dominic, and Yiannos Manoli. "Low-Voltage Rectification of High-Resistive Sources." In CMOS Circuits for Electromagnetic Vibration Transducers, 139–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9272-1_5.

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Espinoza-Nava, Luis, Christine Dubois, and Eliezer Batista. "Method Development to Estimate Total Low Voltage and High Voltage PFC Emissions." In Light Metals 2020, 758–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36408-3_102.

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Boriani, G., M. Biffi, C. Martignani, C. Camanini, C. Valzania, I. Diemberger, D. Saporito, P. Bartolini, and A. Branzi. "Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: The Low Voltage Road or the High Voltage Road?" In Cardiac Arrhythmias 2003, 785–91. Milano: Springer Milan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2137-2_104.

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Sin, Sai-Weng, Seng-Pan U, and Rui Paulo Martins. "Challenges in Low-Voltage Circuit Designs." In Generalized Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques for Very High-Speed Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters, 11–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9710-1_2.

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Rajput, S. S., and S. S. Jamuar. "High Current, Low Voltage Current Mirrors and Applications." In VLSI: Systems on a Chip, 47–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35498-9_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "High voltage/low voltage redundancy"

Steenbrink, S. W. H. K., B. J. Kampherbeek, M. J. Wieland, J. H. Chen, S. M. Chang, M. Pas, J. Kretz, et al. "High throughput maskless lithography: low voltage versus high voltage." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Frank M. Schellenberg. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.771971.

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Akshatha, B. C., and Vijay Kumar Akshintala. "Low Voltage, Low Power, High Linearity, High Speed CMOS Voltage Mode Analog Multiplier." In 2009 Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetet.2009.141.

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Ferreira, Victor, Markus Andresen, Braz Cardoso, and Marco Liserre. "Active Redundancy in the Low Voltage Stage of Smart Transformers." In 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2018.8557686.

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Ettaghzouti, Thouraya, Nejib Hassen, and Kamel Besbes. "High performance low voltage low power voltage mode analog multiplier circuit." In 2016 7th International Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications (SETIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/setit.2016.7939926.

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Ettaghzouti, Thouraya, Nejib Hassen, and Kamel Besbes. "High performance low voltage low power voltage mode analog multiplier circuit." In 2017 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dt.2017.8012160.

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Ashrafi, S. F., S. M. Atarodi, and M. Chahardori. "New low voltage, high PSRR, CMOS bandgap voltage reference." In 2008 IEEE International SOC Conference (SOCC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socc.2008.4641542.

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Meggs, R. W., and O. J. Simmonds. "Voltage Safety: High or Low?" In Marine Electrical and Control Systems Safety Conference. IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-8198.2019.011.

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Анотація:

Legislators and ship operators are continually seeking cleaner ship operations. One route to achieving this is through some form of electric propulsion, which, when coupled to energy storage systems, can realise the goal of zero-emission operation. With electric propulsion, the propulsion load, in whole or in part, becomes another consumer to be supplied by the ship’s electric power generation and distribution systems. This leads to a considerable increase in the electrical power that must be generated and managed. As every ALevel student knows, power is the product of voltage and current. Any increase in the power generated must be achieved by an increase in voltage, or current, or both. To increase the current leads to greatly increased heating and requires heavier conductors, so the preferred option is to increase the voltage. This raises the question of safety. There is a perception that high voltage (HV) systems are inherently ‘more dangerous’ than low voltage (LV) ones, but the Authors contend that it is meaningless to argue that one system is ‘less safe’ than the other since LV can kill just as effectively as HV. The real issue is that the practicalities and safety implications of HV and LV systems are different, although there are some points in common. In this paper we shall review the hazards and safety implications peculiar to HV and to LV, and those common to both. In the process we shall review operational practices and how they apply to HV and LV systems on board current platforms. Finally, we shall examine whether there is any transfer between LV and HV concluding on how best practice can be applied to future platforms to provide a greater assurance of safety at system level.

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Zhang, Jun, Yunling Luo, Qiaobo Wang, Jingjing Li, Zhuqian Gong, Hong-Zhou Tan, and Yunliang Long. "A low-voltage, low-power subthreshold CMOS voltage reference without resistors and high threshold voltage devices." In APCCAS 2012-2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apccas.2012.6419052.

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Siri, Kasemsan, Michael Willhoff, Kenneth A. Conner, and Duc Q. Tran. "High-voltage-input, low-voltage-output, series-connected converters with uniform voltage distribution." In 2009 IEEE Aerospace conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2009.4839519.

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Siri, K., M. Willhoff, Haibing Hu, and I. Batarseh. "High-voltage-input, low-voltage-output, series-connected converters with uniform voltage distribution." In 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. ECCE 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2009.5316554.

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Звіти організацій з теми "High voltage/low voltage redundancy"

Papavasiliou, A. Low Voltage High Precision Spatial Light ModulatorsFinal Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/917496.

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Bernkopf, Jan, and Patrick Mullen. Low Voltage, High Resistance, Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada291946.

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Laframboise, J. G., and L. W. Parker. Progress Toward Predicting High-Voltage Charging of Spacecraft in Low Polar Orbit. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada176939.

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LaFleur, Angela, and Gabriel Taylor. REPORT ON HIGH ENERGY ARCING FAULT EXPERIMENTS Experimental Results from Low-Voltage Switchgear Enclosures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1841526.

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Li, Li. High-speed, Low Voltage, Miniature Electro-optic Modulators Based on Hybrid Photonic-Crystal/Polymer/Sol-Gel Technology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566226.

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Murray, C. S., and M. S. El-Genk. Experimental and theoretical studies of a high temperature cesium-barium tacitron, with application to low voltage-high current inversion. Final report, April 1, 1993--February 28, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133068.

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Alizadeh, Omid, Niroj Gurung, Farid Katiraei, Muhidin Lelic, Ahmad Momeni, Aleksi Paaso, Paul Pabst, Douglas Proudfoot, and Farnoosh Rahmatian. Sensors with Intelligent Measurement Platform and Low-cost Equipment (SIMPLE) for Monitoring and Control of Medium Voltage Distribution Systems with High Penetration of Intermittent Distributed Energy Resources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1774040.

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