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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Home composts"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 21 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Home composts"

Bożym, Marta. "Heavy metal content in compost and earthworms from home composters." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2017-0022.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of compost tests from home composters and earthworms living there, that treating waste into compost. The samples were taken from home composters and allotment gardens from Opole Region. The composting material was green waste. The total content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni Cr) in compost and compost earthworms’ samples were determined. It was found that the compost samples were not contaminated with heavy metals. According to the Polish classification of composts from municipal wastes, the composts met the requirements for first class of quality. The composts did not exceed the limits of heavy metals specified in the Polish law for solid organic fertilizers. The degree of metal accumulation by compost earthworms depended on the type of metal. The high value of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was obtained for Cd, Pb and Zn. No accumulation of other metals (Ni, Cr, Cu) in earthworm bodies was found. It has been found that earthworm species, naturally occurring in Poland, can also be used as potential bioindicators of metals in the environment, such as the species Eisenia fetida. The aim of the study was to evaluate the heavy metal content in composts from home composters and ability to accumulate metals by compost earthworms.

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Jönsson, Håkan, Evgheni Ermolaev, Cecilia Sundberg, Sven Smårs, and Mikael Pell. "Greenhouse gases and odour emissions from composting." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75480.

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Composting is the most widely used biological treatment method for recovering the plant nutrients of organic waste. Composting is an aerobic process and it is well known that mismanagement, e.g. insufficient ventilation, can seriously affect the turnover and performance of the process. The turnover is also strongly inhibited if the operation temperature rises above 40°C before the pH has increased above 6. Such a combination of high temperature and low pH also seriously increases the odour emission potential of the compost operation as the initial high odorous stage is prolonged until the pH increases. When the pH increases beyond 6.5, the odour potential rapidly decreases. The pH development can be accelerated by good cooling and ventilation, and/or by addition of alkaline amendment, e.g. recycling of alkaline compost or addition of wood ash. When the compost is turned, the structure of the compost matrix, and thus the aeration, is improved which decreases odour generation and also the proportion of anaerobic processes and thus the emissions of methane.Studies of food waste home composts show that these have a much higher moisture content (70-80%) compared to what is normally recommended for composting (40-65%). The common assumption has therefore been that methane emissions from home composts are greater than from large scale municipal composts. However, recent studies in both Sweden and Denmark show that the methane emissions from home composts usually are smaller than from large municipal composts. Furthermore, both studies indicate that the emissions seem to increase if the composts are frequently turned, quite contrary to what was expected. The emissions also seem to increase if the feeding is too high. This means that the capacity of the home compost should not be exceeded and that the efforts for its operation can be kept low, as turning does not seem to be an advantage, at least from the point of view of greenhouse gas emissions.

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Ujj, Apolka, Kinga Percsi, Andras Beres, Laszlo Aleksza, Fernanda Ramos Diaz, Csaba Gyuricza, and Csaba Fogarassy. "Analysis of Quality of Backyard Compost and Its Potential Utilization as a Circular Bio-Waste Source." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 4392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104392.

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The use and quality analysis of household compost have become very important issues in recent years due to the increasing interest in local food production and safe, self-produced food. The phenomenon was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period, which gave new impetus to the growth of small home gardens. However, the knowledge associated with making high-quality compost is often lacking in home gardeners. Therefore, the objective of this research was to find answers to the following questions: can the quality of backyard compost be considered safe in terms of toxicity and nutrient content? Can weed seed dispersion affect the usability of backyard compost? In general, can the circulation of organic matter be increased with the spread of home composting? In this study, 16 different house composts were analysed for stability, weed seed contamination, toxic elements, and nutrient content using analysis of variance. The results of the research showed that the quality properties of the composts (including their weed seed dispersion effect) were greatly influenced by the different techniques and raw materials used. The toxicity levels, as well as the content of macro and microelements, were within the parameters of safe-quality compost. The specific macronutrient (Ca, Mg) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn) contents of the tested composts have a similar and, in some cases, more favorable nutrient supply capacity in crop production than the frequently-used cow manure-based composts. With a plan of basic education on composting, there is potential to encourage farmyard composting.

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Chaney, Rufus L. "Plant Nutrition and Heavy Metal Aspects of Compost Use." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 698a—698. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.698a.

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Depending on the materials used to produce a compost, it will contain lower or higher levels of nutrients and metals. If composts have been appropriately matured, nutrients are in plant-available forms for crop production, and the compost pH will be near neutral. After 25 years of research and development of regulations and advice for biosolids and compost utilization, pretreatment of industrial wastes allows biosolids composts, and composts prepared from biosolids mixed with municipal solid wastes or yard debris to contain levels of microelements needed for plant nutrition but not high levels that could cause phytotoxicity. Composts can supply N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B, Mo, and Se required by plants or animals. When used in potting media, supplemental N fertilization is usually required, depending on crop requirements. Use of compost can replace other forms of microelements used as fertilizers in media or fields. Detailed evaluation of potential food chain transfer of Cd, Pb, and other elements in composts clearly shows that consumption of 60% of garden foods produced on pH 5.5 soils with 1000 t compost/ha would not comprise risk over a lifetime of consumption, nor would ingesting the composts at 200 mg/day for 5 years. Potentially toxic organic compounds are either destroyed during composting, or bound very strongly by the compost so that plant uptake is trivial. Compost use can be a safe and wise choice for both home and commercial use to replace peat or uncomposted manures, etc. Many states have developed regulatory controls to assure that pathogenic organisms are killed during composting, and that product quality standards are attained that allow marketing for general use in the community.

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Jakubus, Monika. "A Comparative Study of Composts Prepared from Various Organic Wastes Based on Biological and Chemical Parameters." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060869.

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One of the principles of the circular economy requires the effective recycling of organic waste, especially since its volume is increasing from year to year. Therefore, one of the best solutions to solve this problem is the composting of organic waste. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of 10 different composts in terms of their quality. The composts varied with regard to waste materials used for composting, the adopted composting method, and the degree of compost maturity. Both biological (seed germination rate and intensity of plant root growth) and chemical methods (contents of macro- and micronutrients, presence of heavy metals, as well as the quality and quantity of humus compounds) were applied to evaluate the fertilisers, providing comprehensive characteristics of individual composts. It was found that composts prepared on the basis of sewage sludge had the highest contents of macro- and micronutrients as well as heavy metals. In addition, these composts contained the greatest amounts of humic substances, although these were of low quality. These composts also strongly inhibited seed germination and plant root growth. The least desirable chemical composition was found for the composts based on yard trimmings and household wastes prepared in home composters. These composts contained good quality humus compounds and had a positive effect on seed germination and plant root growth.

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Masabni, Joseph G., and S. Alan Walters. "Earth-Kind® Vegetable Production in the Home Garden Using Mushroom and City Compost." HortTechnology 24, no. 4 (August 2014): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.4.480.

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A field study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 to determine the suitability of Earth-Kind® production principles for home vegetable gardening. Earth-Kind® production encourages water and energy conservation, and reduction of fertilizer and pesticide use. Seven vegetable cultivars [Sweet Banana and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum); Celebrity and Juliet tomato (Solanum lycopersicum); Spacemaster cucumber (Cucumis sativus); Ichiban eggplant (Solanum melongena); Spineless Beauty zucchini (Cucurbita pepo)] were grown in mushroom compost (MC) or city compost (CC). Both composts were incorporated preplant into the soil with shredded wood mulch placed over them. In each year, nitrogen (N) fertilizer (15.5N–0P–0K from calcium nitrate) was applied preplant to CC plots to bring initial soil fertility levels similar to MC plots. No additional fertilizer was applied during the growing season. Drip irrigation was supplemented weekly. One application each of neem oil and pyrethrin (organic insecticides) and chlorothalonil (synthetic fungicide) was applied before harvest in 2010, but none was applied in 2011. Results indicated that Earth-Kind® technique could be effectively implemented in a home vegetable garden. MC is better suited for Earth-Kind® vegetable production than CC for some vegetables. Banana pepper, bell pepper, and zucchini had twice the yield in MC plots when compared with CC plots. No yield differences (P > 0.05) were observed between composts for tomato, eggplant, or cucumber. With proper irrigation and soil preparation practices such as addition of compost and mulch, Earth-Kind® vegetable gardening techniques can be used for selected vegetable crops without additional N fertilizer or pesticides. Furthermore, Earth-Kind® vegetable gardening can be successful as long as the home gardener understands that low yields may result from using this production method. However, often the home gardener is more concerned about producing vegetables using sustainable, environmentally friendly methods than maximizing yields.

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Amber Fatima, Syeda, Mohammad Nawaz Chaudhary, and Syeda Adila Batool. "Comparative Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Commercially Available Windrow Compost Sample and Privately prepared Invessel Compost samples." Current World Environment 14, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.1.14.

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In developing countries like Pakistan the organic waste production is comparatively high. Composting is a good option to overcome problems related to management of organic waste. Compost produced from solid waste should be according to the standards set for soil to ensure beneficial results in plants. The objectives of the study were to determine the quality of compost used in agricultural lands in different areas of country.In the study area the commercially available compost is prepared by windrow composting method. Some home gardeners prepare compost by invessel method. But the sale of commercial compost decreased with the passage of time. One of the reasons behind this includes low quality compost and less desired results in terms of soil fertility. Comparative analysis of windrow compost sample and in-vessel compost samples were carried out to identify the fate of these composts in terms of international standards. Analysis results revealed that some parameters were lower than standard values i.e. moisture content was less than 45% in all samples, carbon nitrogen (C:N) ratio was less than 25 which should be >25, available carbon was < 35% in all samples and burned carbon was also <35% in all samples. Compost is used as a soil conditioner and low level fertilizer however if its nutritional value is not according to the standard it maybe no longer beneficial for plants. Substandard compost can also cause microbial degradation in soil and can make it anaerobic as well.

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Ruslinda, Yenni, Rizki Aziz, and Lutfina Lutfina. "Pengaruh Penambahan Serpihan Kayu terhadap Kualitas Kompos Sampah Organik Sejenis dalam Komposter Rumah Tangga." Jurnal Dampak 14, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/dampak.14.1.13-22.2017.

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One way to improve compost quality of typical organic waste is by addition of additive such as wood chips. This study aims to analyze the impact of the wood chips addition (ratio 1:10) on compost quality of typical organic waste (fruits, vegetables, yard waste, and food waste) in home composter, and to compare the compost quality with the standard of domestic compost according SNI 19-7030-2004. Analysis was conducted on composts raw material, compost maturity process in every 5 days measurement, and on compost product. Analysis of compost product of typical organic waste with addition of wood chips showed that parameters of temperature, moisture content, and pH of vegetables and yard waste has complied the standard whilst parameter of C/N ratio has not complied. The addition of wood chips caused the drop of compost temperature and moisture content, resulted in the decomposition process located in aerobic condition, resulted in production of compost in form of humus in greater volume. The addition of wood chips also caused the compost pH and C/N ratio increased.Keywords: compost quality, home composter, typical organic waste, wood chipsAbstrakSalah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki kualitas kompos sampah organik adalah dengan penambahan bahan aditif, seperti serpihan kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan serpihan kayu (perbandingan 1:10) terhadap kualitas kompos sampah organik sejenis (buahan, sayuran, halaman dan sisa makanan) dalam komposter rumah tangga dan membandingkan kualitas akhir kompos ini dengan kualitas kompos sampah domestik menurut SNI 19-7030-2004. Analisis dilakukan terhadap bahan dasar kompos, proses kematangan dengan pengukuran setiap lima hari sekali, dan kualitas akhir kompos. Dari analisis akhir kualitas kompos sampah organik sejenis dengan penambahan serpihan kayu, parameter yang telah memenuhi standar adalah temperatur, kelembapan, pH untuk sampah sayuran dan sampah halaman, sedangkan untuk parameter rasio C/N belum memenuhi standar. Penambahan serpihan kayu menyebabkan temperatur dan kelembaban kompos menurun, sehingga proses dekomposisi berada pada suasana aerobik, yang menghasilkan kompos dalam bentuk humus dengan volume yang lebih banyak. Penambahan serpihan kayu juga meningkatkan pH dan rasio C/N kompos. Kata kunci: komposter rumah tangga, kualitas kompos, sampah organik sejenis, serpihan kayu

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Langarica-Fuentes, Adrian, Graeme Fox, and Geoffrey D. Robson. "Metabarcoding analysis of home composts reveals distinctive fungal communities with a high number of unassigned sequences." Microbiology 161, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 1921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000153.

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Quirós, Roberto, Gara Villalba, Pere Muñoz, Joan Colón, Xavier Font, and Xavier Gabarrell. "Environmental assessment of two home composts with high and low gaseous emissions of the composting process." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 90 (September 2014): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.008.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Home composts"

Kohli, Alice. "Effets de composts autoproduits et d'un biochar sur le transfert d'éléments trace dans des légumes de jardins familiaux modérément contaminés." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARD098.

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Les jardins familiaux ont souvent été installés sur des sols urbains sans évaluation préalable du risque sanitaire. Le diagnostic de contamination du sol par des éléments trace comme le plomb (Pb) peut compromettre la poursuite du jardinage. Pour éviter un changement d’usage, l’apport au sol de compost industriel peut être efficace mais le potentiel des composts autoproduits par les jardiniers eux-mêmes doit être évalué. Ce travail de thèse a eu pour premier objectif d’analyser les pratiques de compostage dans les jardins familiaux et sélectionner des composts autoproduits différents en termes de propriétés biochimiques et de contenu en éléments trace. Les pratiques de compostage et la qualité des composts sont très variables. Les composts autoproduits au jardin (domestiques)sont généralement pauvres en matière organique et parfois contaminéscontrairement aux composts autoproduits en pied d’immeuble ou en restauration (collectifs) également utilisés au jardin. Le second objectif a été d’évaluer le risque sanitaire potentiel lié à la consommation de légumes de jardins familiaux modérément contaminés en Pb (100-200 mg.kg-1) amendés avec des composts autoproduits. Pour tenter d’améliorer la remédiation, du biochar a aussi été introduit. Une alimentation composée essentiellement des légumes autoproduits au jardin ne présenterait pas de risque sanitaire mais l’apport de composts autoproduits à une dose élevée (10-20 kg.m-2) a pu augmenter la biodisponibilité de As dans des sols de jardins familiaux. L’apport combiné d’un compost autoproduit et d’un biochar a toutefois limité les transferts de As et de Pb tout en augmentant la biomasse des légumes autoproduits
For some time, allotment gardens have often been established on urban soils without prior health risk assessment. Soil analysis revealing contamination by trace elements such as lead (Pb) may now compromise the practice of gardening. To prevent a restriction or change of soil use, the introduction of industrial compost to the soil can be efficient, but the potential of composts self-produced by the gardeners themselves must be evaluated. The first objective of this thesis was to analyze composting practices in allotment gardens and select self-produced composts with different biochemical properties and trace element content. The composting practices and the quality of these composts are very variable. Composts self-produced in the garden (home composts) are generally poor in organic matter and sometimes contaminated,contrary to composts self-produced at the foot of buildings or in restoration (community composts) also used in gardens. The second objective was to assess the potential health risk of consuming vegetables from allotment gardens moderately contaminated with Pb (100 - 200 mg.kg-1) amended with self-produced composts. In an attempt to improve remediation, biochar was also introduced into the soil. A diet composed essentially of self-produced vegetables in the garden would not present a health risk, but the addition of self-produced composts at a high dose (10-20 kg.m-2) could increase the bioavailability of As in allotment garden soils. In contrast, the combined addition of self-produced compost and biochar limited the transfer of both As and Pb while simultaneously increasing the biomass of self-produced vegetables

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EL, AMOURI HANZ. "Synthese et reactivite catalytique de composes homo- et heterobinucleaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13156.

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Utilisation du ligand tripode ch(pph::(2))::(3) pour synthetiser des complexes mononucleaires (rh(i), ir(i) et mo(0)), homobinucleaires (rh(i)-rh(i)), heterobinuclaires (rh(i)-cu(i), rh(i)-au(i), ir(i)-au(i) et polynucleaires (rh(i)::(4), rh(i)-cu(i)::(2)). Etude des proprietes catalytiques en hydrogenation des olefines et acetylene

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Luchian, Cosmina Ioana. "Applicazione della tecnica "incremental hole drilling" su materiali compositi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11588/.

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Durante la vita operativa di un aeromobile, gli elementi costitutivi possono essere soggetti a diverse tipologie di carichi. Questi carichi possono provocare la nascita e la propagazione di eventuali cricche, le quali una volta raggiunta una determinata dimensione possono portare alla rottura del componente stesso causando gravi incidenti. A tale proposito, la fatica costituisce uno dei fattori principali di rottura delle strutture aeronautiche. Lo studio e l’applicazione dei principi di fatica sugli aeroplani sono relativamente recenti, in quanto inizialmente gli aerei erano realizzati in tela e legno, un materiale che non soffre di fatica e assorbe le vibrazioni. I materiali aeronautici si sono evoluti nel tempo fino ad arrivare all’impiego dei materiali compositi per la costruzione degli aeromobili, nel 21. secolo. Il legame tra nascita/propagazione delle cricche e le tensioni residue ha portato allo sviluppo di numerose tecniche per la misurazione di queste ultime, con il fine di contrastare il fenomeno di rottura a fatica. Per la misurazione delle tensioni residue nei componenti metallici esistono diverse normative di riferimento, al contrario, per i materiali compositi, la normativa di riferimento è tuttora oggetto di studio. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di realizzare una ricerca e studiare dei metodi di riferimento per la misurazione delle tensioni residue nei laminati compositi, tramite l’approfondimento di una tecnica di misurazione delle tensioni residue, denominata Incremental Hole Drilling.

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Balme, Lionel. "Interfaces homme-machine plastiques : une approche par composants dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432115.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'interaction homme-machine (IHM) et s'intéresse à l'adaptation dynamique des systèmes interactifs dans le cadre de l'informatique ubiquitaire. Dans ce cadre, les interfaces utilisateurs doivent devenir plastiques, c'est-à-dire être capables de s'adapter ou d'être adaptées au contexte de l'interaction tout en préservant leur utilisabilité. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre la problématique de la plasticité des IHM à l'exécution et de la traiter sous l'angle du génie logiciel. L'étude de cette problématique montre qu'un système interactif plastique est un logiciel réparti, reconfigurable dynamiquement et constitué d'entités logicielles hétérogènes. Or, aucune proposition de l'état de l'art des systèmes interactifs plastiques ne couvre totalement l'espace problème de la plasticité à l'exécution. De même, aucune solution du génie logiciel pour la construction de logiciels répartis reconfigurables dynamiquement ne prend en compte les spécificités des IHM plastiques. Cette thèse propose une décomposition logicielle de référence qui identifie l'ensemble des fonctions nécessaires à la plasticité des systèmes interactifs, ainsi qu'Ethylene, un modèle à composants dynamiques issu d'une combinaison des approches à composants et à services. Ethylene est conçu pour répondre aux spécificités de l'IHM, et permet de constituer dynamiquement des assemblages reconfigurables de composants IHM de nature hétérogène. Enfin, un langage XML et un cadre de développement incarnent le modèle Ethylene sur un plan technique.

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Phan, Anh cang. "Crack removal and hole filling on composite subdivision meshes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4068/document.

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Construire une surface lisse d'un objet 3D est un problème important dans de nombreuses applications graphiques. En particulier, les méthodes de subdivision permettent de passer facilement d'un maillage discret à une surface continue. Un problème général résultant de la subdivision de deux maillages initialement connectés le long d'un bord est l'apparition de fissures ou de trous entre eux. Ces fissures produisent non seulement des formes indésirables, mais induisent aussi des difficultés pour les traitements ultérieurs. Il faut donc réparer ces défauts de sorte que la surface obtenue soit lisse et puisse être subdivisée ou modifiée. Nous proposons de nouvelles méthodes pour relier deux maillages avec des résolutions différentes en utilisant une transformée en ondelettes B-splines et une approximation locale ou une interpolation locale à l'aide de fonctions de base radiales (RBF). Ces procédés génèrent un maillage de connexion où la continuité est contrôlée. La résolution du maillage est ajustable pour respecter le changement de résolution entre les zones grossières et fines. En outre, nous présentons des méthodes pour combler les trous à n-côtés, et le raffinement des maillages grâce à un schéma de subdivision adaptative. Nous avons conçu, implémenté et testé les algorithmes en MatLab pour illustrer nos méthodes et montrer des résultats expérimentaux. Ces algorithmes sont mis en oeuvre sur de nombreux modèles d'objets 3D avec des formes complexes. En outre, nous avons fourni des approches différentes pour chaque problème. Ainsi, les résultats des différentes approches sont comparés et évalués afin d'exploiter les avantages et les inconvénients de ces approches
Constructing a smooth surface of a 3D object is an important problem in many graphical applications. In particular, subdivision methods permit to pass easily from a discrete mesh to a continuous surface. A generic problem arising from subdividing two meshes initially connected along a common boundary is the occurrence of cracks or holes between them. These cracks not only produce undesired shapes, but also bring serious trouble for further mesh processing. They must be removed or filled so that the produced surface is smooth and can be further subdivided or edited. In order to remove cracks, we propose new methods for joining two meshes with different resolutions using a Lifted B-spline wavelet transform and a local approximation or radial basis function (RBF) local interpolation. These methods generate a connecting mesh where continuity is controlled from one boundary to the other and the connecting mesh can change gradually in resolution between coarse and fine areas. Additionally, we introduce methods for filling n-sided holes, and refining meshes with an adaptive subdivision scheme. We have designed, implemented, and tested the algorithms in MatLab to illustrate our proposed methods and show experimental results. These algorithms are implemented on many 3D object models with complex shapes. Additionally, we have provided some different approaches for each problem. Thus, results from the different approaches are compared and evaluated to exploit the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches

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Amouri, Hani El. "Synthèse et réactivité catalytique de composés homo et hétérobinucléaires." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602308f.

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Gil, Marcelo Priebe. "Homo e copolimerização do etileno utilizando compostos de ti(iv) contendo ligantes trispirazolilborato." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/21612.

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Os compostos não metalocênicos do tipo {TpMs*}TiCh (3) e {TpMS}TiCh (4) foram utilizados em reações de polimerização de etileno na presença de MAO ou TIBA/MAO, objetivando verificar a influência do cocatalisador, da temperatura e do solvente sobre a produtividade e as propriedades dos polímeros, bem como a influência da variação da razão Al/Ti sobre a produtividade. Levando em consideração a produtividade, o melhor sistema de polimerização encontrado envolve uso do TIBA/MAO em reação feita em hexano a 60°C. As curvas de DSC indicam a formação de polímeros altamente cristalinos e Tm na faixa de 128 a 138°C. As análises de GPC indicam que o peso molecular dos polímeros decrescem com o aumento da temperatura de polimerização. O precursor catalítico {TpMS*} TiCh (3) polimeriza etileno a uma razão Al/Ti igual a 100 com excelente produtividade. Os precursores catalíticos 3 e 4 também foram utilizado nas reações de copolimerização de etileno/l-hexeno usando MAO como cocatalisador. Considerando os resultados de produtividade, os sistemas 3/MAO e 4/MAO mostraram uma diminuição da produtividade a medida que a concentração de 1-hexeno foi aumentada, determinando um efeito negativo do comonômero. Os dados de infravermelho bem como aqueles provenientes das curvas de DSC indicam que a porcentagem de l-hexeno incorporado no copolímero e a T m dependem das propriedades eletrônicas e estéricas do ligante Tp e da concentração de 1-hexeno utilizada. O aumento da concentração de 1-hexeno proporcionou um aumento de incorporação do comonômero no copolímero. A maior incorporação de 1-hexeno no copolímero foi encontrada para o sistema 3/MAO.
The non-metallocene compounds such as {TpMS*}TiCb (3) and {TpMS}TiCb (4) have been used in the ethylene polymerization in the presence of MAO or TIBA/MAO, in order to verify the influence of the cocatalyst, Al/Ti ratio, temperature, and solvent on the productivity and on polymers properties. Taking account the productivity, the best polymerization system has been found using TIBA/MAO as cocatalyst in hexane at 60°C. The DSC curves have shown the formation of highly crystalline polymers and Tm ranging from 128 to 138°C. The GPC results have shown that the molecular weight of the polymers decreased when the polymerization temperature was increased. The catalyst precursor {TpMS*} TiCb (3) has shown excellent productivity using a lower Al/Ti ratio (AI/Ti = 100). The catalyst precursors 3 and 4 have also been used in the. ethylene/l-hexene copolymerization using MAO as cocatalyst. Taking into account the productivity results, the 1/MAO and 2lMAO systems have shown a decrease in the productivity when the l-hexene concentration in the feed was increased, determining a negative comonomer effect. The IR data as well as DSC results indicated that the l-hexene content in the copolymers and the melting point of these ones (Tm) depend on the electronic and steric properties of the Tp ligand and of the concentration of the comonomer in the feed. As the l-hexene concentration in the feed was increased, the incorporation of the comonomer increased as well. The higher l-hexene incorporation in the copolymer was found for 3/MAO.

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Jansen, Zero. "What We Know: Queer Displacement and Reimagining Notions of Home." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556115428029259.

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Coelho, Reginaldo Teixeira. "The machinability of aluminium-based SiC reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) alloy with emphasis on hole production." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340966.

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Burdet, Fabien. "Porphyrine-corroles homo- et hétérobimétalliques : leur intérêt dans la réduction du dioxygène en eau." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS056.

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Building, owning & flying a composite homebuilt. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Tab Books, 1985.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Composting Program. Home composting handbook: How to promote home composting in your community. Toronto, Ont: Recycling council of Ontario, 1990.

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Comas, Emili Casademont i. L' home d'Els Cent Homes: (aproximació a la vida i obra de Josep Fontbernat). [Bescanó]: Ajuntament de Bescanó, 1996.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. Home composting: A guide for composting yard and food waste. Boston, Mass.]: The Dept., 1993.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. 1997 home composting bin grant awards. [Boston, Mass.]: The Dept., 1994.

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Jacques, Evrard, and Bastin Christine, eds. Composers' houses. London: Cassell, 1998.

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Gefen, Gérard. Composers' houses. New York: The Vendome Press, 1998.

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Massachusetts. Dept. of Environmental Protection. 1994, 1995 & 1996 home composting bin grant awards. [Boston, Mass.]: The Dept., 1996.

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Denver, John. Take me home: An autobiography. London: Headline, 1994.

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Arthur, Tobier, ed. Take me home: An autobiography. London: Headline, 1995.

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Beghini, M., L. Bertini, and E. Vitale. "Effect of Stacking Sequence on the Fatigue Delamination Growth in Carboresin Specimens with Central Hole." In Composite Structures, 627–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3662-4_46.

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Monasse, B., and J. M. Haudin. "Molecular structure of polypropylene homo- and copolymers." In Polypropylene Structure, blends and composites, 3–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0567-5_1.

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Cheng, S. Z. D., J. J. Janimak, and J. Rodriguez. "Crystalline structures of polypropylene homo- and copolymers." In Polypropylene Structure, blends and composites, 31–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0567-5_2.

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Osvet, A., and I. Sildos. "Genesis of Defects Suitable for High-Temperature Spectral Hole Burning in Diamond." In Diamond Based Composites, 301–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5592-2_25.

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Gomes, George, Filipa Oliveira, and Jorge Perdigão. "At-Home Tray Whitening and Direct Resin-Based Composite Restorations." In Tooth Whitening, 247–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38849-6_14.

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Krishnaraj, Vijayan, Redouane Zitoune, and J. Paulo Davim. "Behavior of Composite Laminates with Drilled and Moulded Hole Under Tensile Load." In Drilling of Polymer-Matrix Composites, 97–110. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38345-8_7.

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Byon, O., and H. Hayasaki. "Nonlinear Failure Strength of CFRP Laminated Plates with a Hole After Buckling." In Design and Manufacturing of Composites, 225–30. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003076131-43.

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Ohki, Takeru, Asami Nakai, Hiroyuki Hamada, Nobuo Takeda, and Masaharu Iwamoto. "Micro/Macro Damage Evaluation of Flat Braided Composites with a Circular Hole." In Design and Manufacturing of Composites, 75–82. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003076131-15.

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Krishnaraj, Vijayan, Redouane Zitoune, and J. Paulo Davim. "Numerical Prediction of the Critical Thrust Force Causing Delamination at the Hole Exit." In Drilling of Polymer-Matrix Composites, 67–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38345-8_5.

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Nishi, K., J. Gotoh, and S. Aratama. "Development of a 3D-SiC/SiC Component Model for HOPE-X (H-2 Orbiting Plane Experimental)." In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, 754–59. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch114.

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Sailesh, Nithika, and Vikas Shinde. "Home composter: Domestic use composter." In 2015 World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcst.2015.7415135.

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Kim, D., and M. Ramulu. "Study on the Drilling of Titanium/Graphite Hybrid Composites." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81132.

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Titanium/graphite hybrid composites (TiGr) are a potentially enabling technology which satisfies the low structural weight fraction and long operational lifetime required for the High Speed Civil Transport. TiGr composites are made of thermoplastic polymer matrix composite (PMC) plies with titanium foils as the outer plies. The two materials are assembled by bonding the polymer matrix composite plies and titanium foils to form a hybrid composite laminate. Both experimental and analytical work has been performed to characterize major hole quality parameters and cutting mechanisms encountered in drilling of TiGr composites. The effects of consolidation processing, such as induction heating press and autoclave processe, on drilling characteristics of TiGr composites were examined. The hole quality parameters and hole exit damage was investigated and discussed.

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MILEYKOVSKAYA, E., S. AZINAS, M. BAKER, V. K. MALLAMPALLI, G. FAN, I. SERYSHEVA, J. NGUYEN, C. K. CHAN, A. SINGHAROY, and W. DOWHAN. "CRYO-EM STRUCTURE OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE RESPIRATORY SUPERCOMPLEX COMPOSED OF COMPLEXES III AND IV." In HOMO SAPIENS LIBERATUS. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/homosapiens-2020-49.

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Allameh, Seyed M., Roger Miller, and Hadi Allameh. "Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Biomimicked Composites." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86309.

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Additive manufacturing technology has significantly matured over the last two decades. Recent progress in 3D printing has made it an attractive choice for fabricating complex shapes out of select materials possessing desirable properties at small and large scales. The application of biomimetics to the fabrication of structural composites has been shown to enhance their toughness and dynamic shear resistance. Building homes from bioinspired composites is possible if the process is automated. This can be achieved through additive manufacturing where layers of hard and soft materials can be deposited by 3D printing. This study examines mechanical properties of reinforced concrete fabricated by 3D printing. Preliminary results of 4-point bend tests are presented and the implications of 3D-printed home building on current conventional construction practices are discussed.

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JOSEPH, ASHITH P. K., PAUL DAVIDSON, and ANTHONY M. WAAS. "Intra-Inter Crack Band Model (I2CBM) as a Prediction Tool for Open Hole and Filled Hole Failure Analysis of Composite." In American Society for Composites 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc2017/15232.

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Sasikumar, A., I. Cozar, O. Vallmajo, S. Abdel-Monsef, M. Delozzo, and A. Turon. "Estimation of Sensitive Material Properties of an Open Hole Tension Test of Composite Laminates." In VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/composites.2021.098.

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Thadani, Aditya, and Athamaram H. Soni. "Fuzzy Logic in Hole Drilling of Composites." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0363.

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Abstract Experimental and theoretical research data was utilized in building a Fuzzy Logic Controller model applied to simulate the drilling process of composite materials. The objective is to have a better understanding and control of delamination of composites during the drilling process and at the same time to improve the hole finish by controlling fraying and splintering. By controlling the main issues in the drilling process such as feed rate, cutting speed, thrust force, and torque generated in addition to the tool geometry, it is possible to optimize the drilling process avoiding the conventionally encountered problems.

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MITSUI, KENTA, RYOSUKE MATSUZAKI, YOSHIYASU HIRANO, AKIRA TODOROKI, and YOSHIHIRO SUZUKI. "Optimization of Fiber Arrangement Around Circular Hole Considering Curve Shaping by AFP." In American Society for Composites 2018. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc33/26032.

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Barreto, Thays A., and Rafael C. Santiago. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF OPEN-HOLE FIBER-METAL LAMINATES." In Brazilian Conference on Composite Materials. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/bccm4.2018.07.03.

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Turon, F., F. Otero, J. Gois de Freitas, C. Van Hengel, H. de Frel, and X. Martinez. "The Impact of the Curing and Post-Stretching Process on the Stresses Distribution Around an Open Hole in Glare Laminate." In VIII Conference on Mechanical Response of Composites. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/composites.2021.102.

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Richard C. Stehouwer, and Jon Chorover. Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575291.bard.

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Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and exchange. Our original research objectives were to (1) identify and quantify the active compost components involved in Ca transport, (2) determine the relative affinity of the compost components for Ca and competing metals in the two soil/spoil systems, (3) determine the efficacy of the compost components in Ca transport to subjacent soil and subsequent exchange with native soil cations, and (4) assess the impacts of compost enhanced Ca transport on soil properties and plant growth. Acidic mine spoils: During the course of the project the focus for objective (1) and (2) shifted more towards developing and evaluating methods to appropriately quantify Ca2+ and Al3+ binding to compost derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be shown that calcium complexation by sewage sludge compost derived DOM did not significantly change during the composting process. A method for studying Al3+ binding to DOM was successfully developed and should allow future insight into DOM-Al3+ interactions in general. Laboratory column experiments as well as greenhouse experiments showed that in very acidic mine spoil material mineral dissolution controls solution Al3+ concentration as opposed to exchange with Ca2+. Therefore compost appeared to have no effect on Al3+ and Ca2+ mobility and did not affect subsoil acidity. Sodic alkaline soils: Batch experiments with Na+ saturated cation exchange resins as a model for sodic soils showed that compost home cations exchanged readily with Na+. Unlike filtered compost extracts, unfiltered compost suspensions also significantly increased Ca2+ release from CaCO3. Soil lysimeter experiments demonstrated a clear impact of compost on structural improvement in sodic alkaline soils. Young compost had faster, clearer and longer lasting effects on soil physical and chemical properties than mature compost. Even after 2 growing seasons differences could still be observed. Compost increased Ca2+ concentration in soil solution and solubility of pedogenic CaCO3 that is highly insoluble under alkaline conditions. The solubilized Ca2+ efficiently exchanged Na+ in the compost treated soils and thus greatly improved the soil structure.

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Folias, E. S. Failure in Laminated Composite Plates Containing a Hole. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227307.

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King Wang. Next Generation Hole Injection/Transport Nano-Composites for High Efficiency OLED Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018927.

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Steinzig, Michael, and Filipe Broetto. Residual Stress measurements in thin composite plates using the hole drilling technique. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1159052.

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Boeman, R. G. Interlaminar strains at the free edge of a hole in laminated composites: An experimental study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/238560.

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Busso, Matías, Juanita Camacho, Julián Messina, and Guadalupe Montenegro. Social Protection and Informality in Latin America during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002865.

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Latin American governments swiftly implemented income assistance programs to sustain families' livelihoods during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. This paper analyzes the potential coverage and generosity of these measures and assesses the suitability of current safety nets to deal with unexpected negative income shocks in 10 Latin American countries. The expansion of pre-existing programs (most notably conditional cash transfers and non-contributory pensions) during the COVID-19 crisis was generally insufficient to compensate for the inability to work among the poorest segments of the population. When COVID-19 ad hoc programs are analyzed, the coverage and replacement rates of regular labor income among households in the first quintile of the country's labor income distribution increase substantially. Yet, these programs present substantial coverage challenges among families composed of fundamentally informal workers who are non-poor, but are at a high risk of poverty. These results highlight the limitations of the fragmented nature of social protection systems in the region.

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Elissen, H. J. H., S. Gaastra, S. Brandt, and K. van Rozen. In-home processing of organic kitchen waste using a worm-composter prototype : Deliverable D4.5 Evaluation of sideflows for upcycling, soil improvement and fertilizing resource: worm composting. Lelystad: Wageningen Plant Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/581998.

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Regan, Jack, and Robin Zevotek. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety and Fidelity in Concrete Live Fire Training Buildings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/wxtw8877.

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The goal of fire service training is to prepare students for the conditions and challenges that they face on the fireground. Among the challenges that firefighters routinely face on the fireground are ventilation-controlled fires. The hazard of these fires has been highlighted by several line-of-duty deaths and injuries in which a failure to understand the fire dynamics produced by these fires has been a contributing factor. The synthetic fuels that commonly fill contemporary homes tend to result in ventilation-controlled conditions. While synthetic fuels are common on the residential fireground, the fuels that firefighters use for fire training are more often representative of natural, wood-based fuels. In order to better understand the fire dynamics of these training fires, a series of experiments was conducted in a concrete live fire training building in an effort to evaluate the fidelity and safety of two training fuels, pallets and OSB, and compare the fire dynamics created by these fuels to those created by a fuel load representative of a living room set with furniture items with a synthetic components. Additionally, the effects of the concrete live fire training building on the fire dynamics were examined. The two training fuel loads were composed of wooden pallets and straw, and pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). The results indicated that the high leakage area of the concrete live fire training building relative to the fuel load prevented the training fuel packages from becoming ventilation-controlled and prevented the furniture package from entering a state of oxygen-depleted decay. The furniture experiments progressed to flashover once ventilation was provided. Under the conditions tested, the wood based fuels, combined with the construction features of this concrete live fire training building, limited the ability to teach ventilation-controlled fire behavior and the associated firefighting techniques. Additionally, it was shown that the potential for thermal injury to firefighters participating in a training evolution existed well below thresholds where firefighter PPE would be damaged.

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SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF NOVEL DEMOUNTABLE BOLTED SHEAR CONNECTOR FOR PREFABRICATED COMPOSITE BEAM. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.4.2.

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Bolted shear connectors offer alternatives to achieve steel-concrete composite action instead of conventional welded headed studs especially for prefabricated constructions and demountable composite structures. This paper firstly proposed a new type of demountable steel-concrete bolted shear connectors based on the double-nut friction-grip high strength bolted connector, which modify the upper nut into conical locking nut. This paper performed ten full scale push-out tests to study shear behaviors of the developed new type of connectors. Testing parameters included bolt configuration, strength, diameter of bolts and strength of infilled grout. Test results indicate that shear behaviors and slip capacity of the conventional bolted connectors are significantly improved when the bolted connector incorporating with conical locking nut. The influences of these studied parameters on shear behaviour of novel bolted shear connectors are revealed and discussed. The developed novel demountable connector exhibits an average 25% improvement in ultimate shear resistance over conventional bolted connectors. Moreover, the shear stiffness of the developed bolted connectors is about six times of the conventional bolted connector through eliminating the clearance between steel flange hole and bolt shank.

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