Статті в журналах: "Hybrid Maximum Principle"

1

Dmitruk, A. V., and A. M. Kaganovich. "The Hybrid Maximum Principle is a consequence of Pontryagin Maximum Principle." Systems & Control Letters 57, no. 11 (November 2008): 964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2008.05.006.

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2

Fontaine, C., S. Delprat, TM Guerra, S. Paganelli, and J. F. Duguey. "Improving micro hybrid vehicles performances with the Maximum Principle." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 9727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02099.

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3

Grammel, G. "Maximum Principle for a Hybrid System Via Singular Perturbations." SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 37, no. 4 (January 1999): 1162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0363012998332640.

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4

IMAE, Joe, Masayuki NAKA, and Tomoaki KOBAYASHI. "1215 Hybrid Maximum Principle Using Time-Axis Slide Method." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2012.87 (2012): _12–15_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2012.87._12-15_.

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5

Faragó, I., R. Horváth, and S. Korotov. "Discrete maximum principle for linear parabolic problems solved on hybrid meshes." Applied Numerical Mathematics 53, no. 2-4 (May 2005): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2004.09.001.

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6

Lv, Siyu, Jie Xiong, and Wen Xu. "Stochastic maximum principle for hybrid optimal control problems under partial observation." Systems & Control Letters 181 (November 2023): 105651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2023.105651.

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7

Wang, Gang. "Design and Simulation of Stand-Alone Wind-Solar Hybrid Generating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.224.

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A modularized stand-alone hybrid generating system is designed and its composition and working principle is illustrated; working principle of components of wind driven generator, photovoltaic array, storage battery and controller etc. are expounded and corresponding mathematical model is established. In addition, tracking and control measures of the maximum power point based on maximum power given method and perturbation and observation method is proposed and design of software of the system is offered. Finally, simulation of the system is studied based on SIMULINK, resulting in that the system can realize tracing and control of the maximum power point.

8

Djabbarova, Aygun, and Kamil Mansimov. "Necessary optimality conditions of singular control in a Rosser type hybrid systems control problem." Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2018.3.03.

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We study one hybrid systems optimal control problem the Rosser type. An analog of the Pontryagins maximum principle is established. The case of degeneracy (a singular case) of the analog Pontryagins maximum condition is considered.

9

AKOUR, S. N., and J. F. NAYFEH. "DEFENSE HOLE DESIGN FOR UNIAXIAL DOMINANT HYBRID LOAD FOR INFINITE PLATE." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 03, no. 03 (September 2011): 607–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825111001159.

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A baseline data for designing optimum Defense Hole System (DHS) for tension dominant hybrid load (Tensile/Shear > 25%) is obtained. Maximum stress reduction and optimum DHS parameters are achieved. The maximum stress reduction achieved range from 15% up to nearly 18% based on the principle stress ratio (25% < Tensile/Shear < 100%). This reduction is available by introducing auxiliary circular holes, i.e., DHS, along the principal stress direction. A two-DHS is shown to be the optimum for tensile dominant loaded plate. Two major goals are achieved by introducing such defense system: maximum stress reduction and material reduction. Redesign optimization method (iterative numerical optimization technique) is utilized to investigate this problem. Parametric optimization technique is also utilized in producing the routs for reaching those optimum cases. Finite element analysis is used to optimize the size and the location of the DHS. Selected optimum cases are verified experimentally using RGB photoelasticity.

10

Andriy Viktorovich, Goncharenko. "Hybrid-Optional Effectiveness Functions Entropy Conditional Extremization Doctrine Contributions into Engineering Systems Reliability Assessments." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2019, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2019-0012.

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Abstract In this publication a Doctrine for the Conditional Extremization of the Hybrid-Optional Effectiveness Functions Entropy is discussed as a tool for the Reliability Assessments of Engineering Systems. Traditionally, most of the problems having been dealt with in this area relate with the probabilistic problem settings. Regularly, the optimal solutions are obtained through the probability extremizations. It is shown a possibility of the optimal solutions “derivation”, with the help of a model implementing a variational principle which takes into account objectively existing parameters and components of the Markovian process. The presence of an extremum of the objective state probability is observed and determined on the basis of the proposed Doctrine with taking into account the measure of uncertainty of the hybrid-optional effectiveness functions in the view of their entropy. Such approach resembles the well known Jaynes’ Entropy Maximum Principle from theoretical statistical physics adopted in subjective analysis of active systems as the subjective entropy maximum principle postulating the subjective entropy conditional optimization. The developed herewith Doctrine implies objective characteristics of the process rather than subjective individual’s preferences or choices, as well as the states probabilities maximums are being found without solving a system of ordinary linear differential equations of the first order by Erlang corresponding to the graph of the process. Conducted numerical simulation for the proposed mathematical models is illustrated with the plotted diagrams.

11

Fujino, A., N. Ueda, and K. Saito. "Semisupervised Learning for a Hybrid Generative/Discriminative Classifier based on the Maximum Entropy Principle." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 30, no. 3 (March 2008): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2007.70710.

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12

Hoteit, H., R. Mosé, B. Philippe, Ph Ackerer, and J. Erhel. "The maximum principle violations of the mixed-hybrid finite-element method applied to diffusion equations." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 55, no. 12 (September 16, 2002): 1373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.531.

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13

Bayen, Térence, Kenza Boumaza, and Alain Rapaport. "Necessary optimality condition for the minimal time crisis relaxing transverse condition via regularization." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 27 (2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2021102.

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We derive necessary optimality conditions for the time of crisis problem under a more general hypothesis than the usual one encountered in the hybrid setting, which requires that any optimal solution should cross the boundary of the constraint set transversely. Doing so, we apply the Pontryagin Maximum Principle to a sequence of regular optimal control problems whose integral cost approximates the time of crisis. Optimality conditions are derived by passing to the limit in the Hamiltonian system (without the use of the hybrid maximum principle). This convergence result essentially relies on the boundedness of the sequence of adjoint vectors in L∞. Our main contribution is to relate this property to the boundedness in L1 of a suitable sequence which allows to avoid the use of the transverse hypothesis on optimal paths. An example with non-transverse trajectories for which necessary conditions are derived highlights the use of this new condition.

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Goncharenko, Andriy Viktorovich. "Aeronautical and Aerospace Material and Structural Damages to Failures: Theoretical Concepts." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4126085.

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The goal of this paper is to investigate the possible directions of some specified methods for aeronautical and aerospace material and structure effectiveness modeling and optimization. Multioptionality hybrid function uncertainty conditional optimization doctrine application is supposed to be implemented for a degrading failure problem optimal solution determination. The optimal solution is assumed to deliver the maximum value to the probability of damage but not the failure state of the studied material behavior. The principal supposition is that there should be some certain objectively existing value extremized in the conditions of the hybrid optional function uncertainty. There is a scientific proof for the choice of a good maintenance optimal periodicity method that fits the customer’s needs, taking into account the effectiveness functions pertaining to the options. The described doctrine allows obtaining the objectively existing optimal values not with the help of a probabilistic but rather with a multioptimal concept. The subjective entropy maximum principle is the other paradigm concept involved in the considered problem solution, which is an equivalent for the uncertainty conditional optimization at the optimal hybrid function distribution determination. By applying simplified, however possible, models and expressions for effectiveness, plausible results are obtained and illustrated in diagrams visualizing the situation and allowing for the selection of a good choice. The ideas of the required material method choice optimization with respect to only two simple parameters, nevertheless, develop numerous particular combinations. Moreover, an increase in the number of parameters and further complication of the problem setting will not change the principle of the problem solution.

15

Немировский, Юрий Владимирович. "Maximum permissible inelastic deformations of hybrid rectangular plates during intense explosions." Вестник Чувашского государственного педагогического университета им. И.Я. Яковлева. Серия: Механика предельного состояния, no. 1(47) (June 30, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2021.1.47.012.

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Для гибридных прямоугольных слоистых пластин из произвольных наборов изотропных конструкционных материалов с симметричной структурой расположения слоев относительно отчетной (нейтральной) поверхности получены аналитические формулы оценок допустимой остаточной повреждаемости при воздействии интенсивных нагрузок взрывного типа. Закрепления контура предусматривают любую комбинацию из жестких или шарнирных условий отдельных сторон прямоугольного контура. В основе рассмотренной модели использованы традиционные кинематические гипотезы Кирхгофа, деформационная теория А.А. Ильюшина, принцип слабейшего звена для используемых материалов и деформационный критерий предразрушения для всех используемых фазовых материалов. Использован наиболее распространенный в практике закон изменения во времени давления на фронте взрывной волны. For hybrid rectangular layered plates from arbitrary sets of isotropic structural materials with a symmetric structure of the arrangement of layers relative to the reporting (neutral) surface, analytical formulas for assessing the permissible residual damage under the action of intense explosive loads are obtained. Contour anchors provide for any combination of rigid or hinge conditions of individual sides of a rectangular contour. The considered model is based on the traditional kinematic hypotheses of Kirchhoff, the deformation theory A.A. Ilyushin, the principle of the weakest link for the materials used and the deformation criterion for pre-fracture for all used phase materials. The most widespread law of time variation of pressure at the front of a blast wave is used.

16

Zhang, Ming, and Jiang Hua Sui. "Hybrid Evolution Strategies Algorithm Based on Dynamic Demes." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.174.

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A hybrid evolution strategies algorithm based on dynamic demes is proposed in this paper. Evolutionary strategy algorithm is likely premature, and even simulated annealing with the character of local search is impossible to escape this range, when change the population based on the maximum entropy principle so that the individual out of this range, which can quickly converge to the global optimum. The numerical computation results indicate that the algorithm can gain higher global convergence rate and higher speed

17

Liu, Xin, Xinyu Wang, Jun Xie, and Baotong Li. "Construction of probability box model based on maximum entropy principle and corresponding hybrid reliability analysis approach." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 61, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 599–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02382-9.

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18

Liu, Li Qun, and Chun Xia Liu. "Improved Output Characteristic of Distributed Hybrid Solar–Wind Generating Materials by Using Fuzzy and Immune MPPT Control Method." Advanced Materials Research 321 (August 2011): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.321.76.

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The price of photovoltaic (PV) materials and wind generating system (WGS) materials is costly, and the stand-alone PV or WGS can not steadily supplied electric power for end user, fortunately, solar power and wind power can compensate well for one another under various locations and climatic conditions, an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for hybrid solar-wind electricity materials is important to extract maximum power from wind and solar energy because of the costly price of PV and WGS. The fuzzy MPPT method is used to track the maximum power point (MPP) of distributed small WGS and PV and hybrid solar-wind system. In order to decrease the output oscillation, the immune response feedback principle (IRFP) is used to improve the track speed and response speed and robust of output characteristic of electricity materials, the results displayed that the immune theory can effectively improve the performance and the stability of electric power of stand-alone or hybrid generating materials.

19

Guo, Yun Bo, and Xin Ren. "The Applied Research of the Super Capacitor in the Maximum Power Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2112.

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Through analyzing the working principle of the technology of maximum power point tracking in the photovoltaic system, the maximum power tracking circuit is designed. In the hybrid energy storage devices of the super capacitor and battery, the super capacitor is a secondary storage device. Through photovoltaic controller is connected with the photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic cells can achieve the status of the maximum power point tracking. Through the bi-directional DC-DC converting circuit connecting with the battery, the battery can effectively decrease the times of the charging and discharging and works stably. It improves the working efficiency and life of the system.

20

Zeng, Run Zhang, and Huang Qiu Zhu. "Parameter Design and Analysis on Axial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing Using in Magnetic Suspension Flywheel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.125.

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Magnetic suspension flywheel system is the actuator of spacecraft in high accurate position control, which requires the employed magnetic bearing possessing advantages of compact structure, small volume, light weight, low power loss, high efficiency and so on. A novel axial hybrid magnetic bearing in magnetic suspension flywheel is proposed, and the bias magnetic flux is provided with a permanent magnet ring. The cost and total volume of this structure can be reduced, which is especially suitable for magnetic suspension flywheel system. The structure and working principle of the axial magnetic bearing are explained, the mathematical expressions of the maximum bearing capacity are obtained, the detailed process of parameter design is presented, and the flux and maximum bearing capacity of the hybrid magnetic bearing are analyzed by using finite element analysis software. The analysis results validate the correctness of parameter design on the axial hybrid magnetic bearing.

21

Wang, Zhong Min, and Yi Dai. "Optimization of Maximum Entropy Model of Bayesian Prior Distribution Based on HPSO." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.502.

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A hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) approach is proposed to solve the optimization problem of the maximum entropy model oriented to Bayesian prior distribution. HPSO introduces chaos mechanism to create better initial species population, and the power-function carrier is adopted to improve the ergodicity and the sufficiency of the chaos mechanism. Then HPSO uses an inertia weight, which can balance global and local searching capability and fasten convergence speed. A nonlinear constrained optimization model of prior distribution based on the principle of maximum entropy is set up. By using Lagrange multiplier this constrained optimization problem is transformed to a non-constrained optimal one, which is solved by PSO and HPSO algorithm. The simulation example shows that HPSO not only has a better performance at the aspect of solution precision but also converges more quickly.

22

Tiwari, Shweta, Yogendra Singh, P. K. Upadhyay, and G. K. Koutu. "Principal component analysis and genetic divergence studies for yield and quality-related attributes of rice restorer lines." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 82, no. 01 (February 25, 2022): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/ijgpb.82.1.13.

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A study on genetic diversity and principal component analysis (PCA) in a set of 90 fertility restorer lines of rice was conducted to identify potential parents for producing high-yielding hybrids. The D2 statistics uncovered the maximum inter-cluster distance between the clusters having different genotypes. The genotypes PS 2, PRR 828, JR-4322-2, and JR-4322-2 belonging to these diversified gene pools may produce heterotic hybrid combinations involving the most suitable parents mentioned above. The PCA reduces dimensional complexity into nine principle axes with PC1 account maximum variable genotypes, namely, JR-1009, ANP-553, JR-1062-1, JR-1103-1, JR-1023-1, JR-1054-4, IR09N 261, JR-1008, NPT-3806, and JR-81. Considering the magnitude of genetic distance, the per cent contribution of traits towards divergence (fertile spikelet/plant and total spikelet/plant) along with the highest cluster means of these traits reflected by the genotypes belonging to clusters, IX and X. The most quality attributes were included in PC4 and PC5 containing genotypes NPT 10, R710, and JR1301. The diversified gene pool and intensive selection designed for varietal development followed by molecular characterization give a precise idea about the upcoming utilization of existing genetic diversity.

23

Zhixun, Liang, Shi Yunying, Yi Yunfei, Fan Yuanyuan, and Bi Lvqing. "Electro-Optic Hybrid Logic Gate Derived from a Silicon-Based Hybrid Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3197.

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Electro-optic hybrid computing is a key research topic in high-performance computing. AND, OR and NON are the most basic computing units. Logic units, which are composed of a Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and a micro ring resonator (MRR), have the issues of large size and poor thermal stability. To solve these problems, this paper discusses the design of AND, OR and NON basic logic units in compact electro-optic logics based on the principle of silicon-based hybrid surface plasmon polariton waveguides. By optimizing the parameters with the Finite Difference-Time Domain (FDTD), the simulation results show that the maximum insertion loss (IL) of the AND, OR and NON logic units is 5.1 dB, and the extinction ratio (ER) is at least 14.3 dB. The experimental simulation results provide a theoretical basis for the design of an electro-optic logic gate derived from a silicon-based hybrid surface plasmon polariton waveguide.

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Rao, Lavety Navinkumar, Rahul Somalwar, Harshit Dalvi, Satyavir Singh, and Partha Sarathi Subudhi. "Photovoltaic system for maximum power point tracking using hybrid firefly and perturbation and observation algorithm." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp1121-1130.

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This work presents the novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach for a small 50 W photovoltaic (PV) system using the dc-dc converter. The method of modeling of PV module is discussed. The firefly (FFY) algorithm and the perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm are combined to implement MPPT of the PV system connected to battery load. The operating principle is discussed in detail and steady-state analysis of the proposed system is implemented through simulation. The charging profile of the 7.5 Ah VRL battery is also studied using simulation. Furthermore, a low-cost microcontroller-based experimental setup rated at 50 W system connected to battery load was built to implement a hybrid FFY-P&O algorithm. The experimental results are in same as the simulation result. In contrast to the traditional P&O approach, it demonstrated the quick and efficient maximum power point operation triggered by a sudden transition in the environment.

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Dai, Yi, Zhong Min Wang, and Guang Ling. "Optimization of Maximum Entropy Model Oriented to Bayes Prior Distribution Based on PSO." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.814.

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How to acquire prior distribution is a key to Bayes method. Firstly, a nonlinear constrained optimal model of probability density function based on the principle of maximum entropy is set up. By using Lagrange multiplier this constrained optimal problem is transformed to a non-constrained optimal one, which is solved by standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Secondly, a new improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is proposed because standard PSO is slow on convergence and easy to be trapped in local optimum. IPSO introduces the hybrid method from genetic algorithm (GA) so that the overall searching ability is enhanced; then linear decreasing inertia weight is used to optimize particles. The simulation examples show that IPSO is simple and effective and it can rapidly converge with high quality solutions.

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Qurban, Maria, Xiang Zhang, Hafiza Mamona Nazir, Ijaz Hussain, Muhammad Faisal, Elsayed Elsherbini Elashkar, Jameel Ahmad Khader, Sadaf Shamshoddin Soudagar, Alaa Mohamd Shoukry, and Fares Fawzi Al-Deek. "Development of Hybrid Methods for Prediction of Principal Mineral Resources." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 7, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6362660.

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Accurate estimation of the mining process is vital for the optimal allocation of mineral resources. The development of any country is precisely connected with the management of mineral resources. Therefore, the forecasting of mineral resources contributed much to management, planning, and a maximum allocation of mineral resources. However, it is challenging because of its multiscale variability, nonlinearity, nonstationarity, and high irregularity. In this paper, we proposed two revised hybrid methods to address these issues to predict mineral resources. Our methods are based on denoising, decomposition, prediction, and ensemble principles that are applied to the production of mineral resource time-series data. The performance of the proposed methods is compared with the existing traditional one-stage model (without denoised and decomposition strategies) and two-stage hybrid models (based on denoised strategy), and three-stage hybrid models (with denoised and decomposition strategies). The performance of these methods is evaluated using mean relative error (MRE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean square error (MSE) as evaluation measures for the production of four principle mineral resources of Pakistan. It is concluded that the proposed framework for the prediction of mineral resources indicated better performance as compared to other existing one-stage, two-stage, and three-stage models. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy of the revised hybrid model is improved by reducing the complexity of the production of mineral resource time-series data.

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Guo, Yazi, Yuchuan Zhu, Yuyang Li, Shangshu Fei, Bin Zhu, Xinbin Zhang, and Xiaolu Wang. "Model and experimental research of a hybrid self-contained electro-hydrostatic actuator using piezoelectric stack." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 7 (October 9, 2017): 1348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17733329.

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Smart material–based electro-hydrostatic actuators are a potential alternative to traditional hydraulic actuators. Piezoelectric materials are a type of smart materials that can deliver large blocked forces. In this article, a piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator is first introduced by presenting the schematic diagrams of its structure and work principle. Next, according to the research of the piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator working principle, a mathematical model that can describe the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator was established. The output displacement model of the piezoelectric stack–based actuator was established based on the improved asymmetric Bouc–Wen model. The simulation model was built in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, experiments under different working conditions were conducted, as well as the corresponding simulations. The experimental results demonstrate that the prototype no-load output flow reaches its maximum at 275 Hz and the output flow peak is close to 1.6 L/min. Moreover, the load capacity is more than 20 kg and the maximum load is more than 50 kg according to the trend forecast. The simulation results exhibit good agreement with the experimental results, which means that the piezoelectric stack–based electro-hydrostatic actuator model is feasible.

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KAR, T. K., U. K. PAHARI, and K. S. CHAUDHURI. "MANAGEMENT OF A PREY-PREDATOR FISHERY BASED ON CONTINUOUS FISHING EFFORT." Journal of Biological Systems 12, no. 03 (September 2004): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339004001166.

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This paper deals with the problem of selective harvesting in a hybrid type of prey-predator model. Here we have taken the fishing effort as a dynamic variable and tax as a control instrument. The existence of the possible steady states along with their local stability is discussed. The optimal tax policy is also discussed with the help of Pontryagin's maximum principle. Finally, two numerical examples are taken to illustrate some of the key results.

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Diao, Weidong, Qiaosheng Pan, Yinghao Li, Junjian Zhang, and Zhihua Feng. "Development of a resonant piezohydraulic hybrid actuator." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 075002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097776.

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This paper proposes a piezohydraulic hybrid actuator driven by a resonant vibrator based on two rhombic micro-displacement amplifiers. The resonant piezohydraulic hybrid actuator consists of a resonant piezoelectric vibrator, a pump body, a manifold, a return valve, and an output cylinder. The vibration mode of the piezoelectric vibrator is simulated, and the working principle of the resonant piezohydraulic hybrid actuator is depicted. Then, the performance of the piezohydraulic hybrid actuator is experimentally investigated, and the effects of exciting frequency, exciting voltage, and bias pressure are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the hybrid actuator performs the best when the exciting frequency is near the resonant frequency; meanwhile, the higher the exciting voltage, the better the performance. Moreover, it indicates that a larger bias pressure will bring a larger reaction force to the vibrator and reduce the performance of the actuator system. The maximum blocked force and no-load velocity are 378 N and 4.8 mm/s, respectively, when the bias pressure is 1.5 MPa and the exciting voltage is 500 Vpp.

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Brajčić Kurbaša, Nives, Blaž Gotovac, Vedrana Kozulić, and Hrvoje Gotovac. "Numerical Algorithms for Estimating Probability Density Function Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle and Fup Basis Functions." Entropy 23, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121559.

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Estimation of the probability density function from the statistical power moments presents a challenging nonlinear numerical problem posed by unbalanced nonlinearities, numerical instability and a lack of convergence, especially for larger numbers of moments. Despite many numerical improvements over the past two decades, the classical moment problem of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) is still a very demanding numerical and statistical task. Among others, it was presented how Fup basis functions with compact support can significantly improve the convergence properties of the mentioned nonlinear algorithm, but still, there is a lot of obstacles to an efficient pdf solution in different applied examples. Therefore, besides the mentioned classical nonlinear Algorithm 1, in this paper, we present a linear approximation of the MaxEnt moment problem as Algorithm 2 using exponential Fup basis functions. Algorithm 2 solves the linear problem, satisfying only the proposed moments, using an optimal exponential tension parameter that maximizes Shannon entropy. Algorithm 2 is very efficient for larger numbers of moments and especially for skewed pdfs. Since both Algorithms have pros and cons, a hybrid strategy is proposed to combine their best approximation properties.

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Li, Zheng, Zhirong Su, Haibo Wang, Shenhui Du, and Hexu Sun. "Design and Locomotion Study of Two-DOF Actuator Driven by Piezoelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Mode." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 14, 2022): 3739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103739.

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A piezoelectric actuator (PEA) has the characteristics of high control precision and no electromagnetic interference. To improve the degree of freedom (DOF) to adapt to more working scenes, a piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid-driven two-DOF actuator is proposed. The PEA adopts the composite structure of the lever amplification mechanism and triangular amplification mechanism. The structure effectively amplifies the output displacement of the piezoelectric stack and increases the clamping force between the driving foot and the mover. The electromagnetic actuator (EMA) adopts a multi-stage fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous actuator, which can better match the characteristics of PEA. The structure and working principle of the actuator are introduced, the dynamic analysis is carried out, and the factors affecting the clamping force are obtained. At the same time, the air gap magnetic field is analyzed, and the structural size of the actuator is optimized. The experiment shows that the maximum driving speed can reach 348 mm/s, the load capacity is 3 kg, the optimal initial rotor angle is 49°, the maximum torque is 2.9 N·m and the maximum speed is 9 rad/s, which proves the stability and feasibility of the actuator.

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Chang, T.-H., S.-L. Chen, C.-A. Kang, and I. Inasaki. "Design optimization of the linkage dimension for a hybrid-type parallel kinematic machine tool." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 216, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14644190260070385.

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The parallel kinematic machine tool has many advantages including excellent loading capacity, high structural stiffness and small accumulated error of linkage. It has become one of the most important research fields for machine tools. In the present research, a principle for the optimization of the dimensional design parameters of a parallel kinematic machine tool is proposed. A five-degree-of-freedom (5DOF) parallel kinematic machine tool with a TRR-XY hybrid mechanism is chosen for investigating the design procedures and the optimization results. The inverse kinematics of the hybrid mechanism is first investigated. Then, the inverse solution is used to analyse and create the workspaces of the machine tool. The design parameters of the mechanical components are further optimized for constructing the maximum workspace.

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Ren, Fei. "Optimization for Far-distance Cooperative Rendezvous with Multiple Direction-fixed Thrusts." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2068, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2068/1/012021.

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Abstract The continuous-thrust far-distance cooperative rendezvous problem between two spacecraft is investigated. The indirect optimization method, based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle (PMP), is applied to optimize fuel consumption. To overcome the difficulty in nonsmooth integration caused by the bang-bang control, the homotopy method is adopted to solve the fuel-optimal problem from a related energy-optimal problem. The quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is used to obtain the energy-optimal solutions. The energy-optimal solutions are used as the initial values for the homotopic procedure to obtain the fuel-optimal solutions and optimal bang-bang control law. A hybrid algorithm combined homotopy method and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm is proposed. This hybrid algorithm can effectively obtain feasible optimal solutions even though the indirect optimization method exhibits a narrow convergence domain. Simulations of high-thrust and low-thrust rendezvous problems are provided and the proposed hybrid algorithm is verified. Moreover, the necessity of radial thrust is investigated.

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Hasan, Ejaz-Ul, Ahmad Khan, Sajida Habib, Hafeez Sadaqat, and Shahzad Basra. "Genetic diversity of sunflower genotypes under drought stress by principle component analysis." Genetika 52, no. 1 (2020): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2001029h.

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Seventy diverse genotypes were evaluated for drought stress for morphological (shoot and root length, fresh and dry shoot weight, fresh and dry root weight) and physiological traits (stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rate) to increase the area under arid and semi-arid climatic condition to overcome the deficiency of edible oil. All genotypes varied significantly for all evaluated traits. High variability for photosynthesis rate and lower for transpiration rate but highly significant. Genotypic variance and its coefficient are almost higher for all characters then environmental variance and its coefficient. Additive gene action was found for stomatal conductance and fresh root weight, good characters for selection having high heritability with increased genetic advance used to find out drought tolerating genotypes. Genotypes ORI 29 and ORI 30 performed better in normal and drought stress condition can be used further breeding programme as a drought tolerant material. In PCA, genotypes ORI 30, ORI 27, ORI 38 and ORI 105 expressed maximum diversity can be used in further hybrid programme.

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Modi, V. V., H. Sanchavat, A. D. Deshpande, N. N. Desai, J. C. Rajput, and V. Parmar. "Solar Hybrid System: Innovations in Cooking, Drying, and Power Generation." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 3 (February 5, 2024): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i31863.

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A hybrid system has been designed and developed which comprises the principle of solar thermal and photovoltaic. Flat plate collector and concentrating trough collector were incorporated under solar thermal technology. Solar thermal device which makes the most using infrared radiation out of solar spectrum. Black copper sheet at focal point of the solar trough served as a stand for cooking pan was able to gain direct as well as high intensity reflected solar radiation to expedite the cooking process. The electric unit of the system worked on the principle of photovoltaic effect. Main components of the hybrid system were collector housing, solar trough reflector, triangular shaped glazing surfaces, copper sheet to place cooking pots and dedicated insulation to prevent heat loss. The dual concept hybrid system was found exceptionally speedier as compared to traditional box type cooker. Results revealed that cooking pot attained maximum temperature of 104.50 C at 12.30 pm, which was sufficient for cooking nutritious food. The experiment was conducted in winter season on 18th January, 2018. Average thermal efficiency (ηtherm) was estimated as 35.1%, cooking power (P) was estimated 47.68 W and the overall heat loss coefficient was calculated 3.03 W/m2°C. Average cooking time found to be just 130 minutes which was otherwise more than 3 hrs in case of traditional box type cooker. Electric power which was stored in the battery can operate 5W dc bulb for 9 hours in single charging. It also could operate smart phone charger and a dc fan (12V, 4Ah) for 60 minutes each.

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Liu, Yuhang, Xiangxin Liu, Jianwei Zhang, Yufeng Zhang, and Ziyao Zhu. "A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Strategy for the Building Integrated Photovoltaic System." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112679.

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Thin-film photovoltaic technology has begun to be applied in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), and it is believed that thin-film photovoltaic technology has potential in building-integrated photovoltaic applications. In this paper, a hybrid approach was investigated which combined the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm of three-stage variable step size with continuous conduction mode (CCM)/discontinuous current mode (DCM). The research contents of this paper include the principle analysis of the maximum power point tracking algorithm, the design of the sampling period, and the design of a double closed-loop control system and correction factor. A system model was built in MATLAB/Simulink, and a comparative simulation was carried out to compare the performance of the proposed method with some traditional methods. The simulation results show that the proposed approach has the ability to fast-track and make the system run stably. Furthermore, it can make the system respond quickly to environmental changes. An experimental platform was built, and the experimental results validated and confirmed the advantages of the proposed method.

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Soomro, Hassan Ali, Erwan Sulaiman, and Mohd Fairoz Omar. "Performance Comparison and Analysis of (HEFSM) and (FEFSM) Using Segmental Rotor Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.778.

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This paper presents a new structure of hybrid excitation flux switching motor (HEFSM) using segmental rotor and the comparison of HEFSM and FEFSM using segmental rotor is performed to find the best candidate for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). (HEFSM) using segmental rotor contains both the FEC and PM on the stator to produce maximum flux linkages. Initially, the coil arrangement tests are examined to validate the operating principle of the (HEFSM) using segmental rotor. Moreover the profile of flux linkage, cogging torque, and torque characteristics at various armature current densities of both the (HEFSM) and (FEFSM) using segmental rotor are observed based on 2D-finite element analysis (FEA). Initially performances show that HEFSM using segmental rotor produces torque of 18 Nm with low cogging torque and sinusoidal flux waveform. Thus by further design optimization the proposed motor will effectively achieve the target performances.

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Trifiananto, Muhammad, Irvan Septianto Putra, and Mochamad Edoward Ramadhan. "ANALISIS PERFORMA TURBIN ANGIN VAWT (VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE) TIPE HYBRID SAVONIUS DARRIEUS NACA 4712." ROTOR 15, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v15i1.29099.

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A wind turbine is a device that converts wind energy into mechanical energy to produce electric power. Wind turbines have a simple working principle, which is to convert wind energy into mechanical energy in the windmill, then the rotation of the turbine0makes the rotor on the generator rotate and generate electricity. There are 2 types of wind turbines: vertical axis wind turbine and horizontal axis wind turbine. This study aims to determine the performance of the medium-scale VAWT hybrid savonius darrieus NACA 4712 wind turbine. The hybrid wind turbine is a combination of savonius and darrieus wind turbines to increase efficiency by utilizing the drag of the savonius turbine and lift force from the darrieus wind turbine. This study used an experimental method. The fan is used to vary the wind speed. The wind speed used ranges from 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.1,7.2,7.3 m/s. This savonius darrieus hybrid wind turbine can produce efficiency of 0.037 at wind speed of 5 m/s with an initial torque of 0.088 N/m. The maximum rotation in this hybrid turbine study 118 Rpm was obtained at a wind speed of 7.3 m/s.

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Li, Suyi, Shanqing Jiang, Shan Jiang, Jiang Wu, Wenji Xiong, and Shu Diao. "A Hybrid Wavelet-Based Method for the Peak Detection of Photoplethysmography Signals." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9468503.

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The noninvasive peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the pulse rate can be extracted from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. However, the accuracy of the extraction is directly affected by the quality of the signal obtained and the peak of the signal identified; therefore, a hybrid wavelet-based method is proposed in this study. Firstly, we suppressed the partial motion artifacts and corrected the baseline drift by using a wavelet method based on the principle of wavelet multiresolution. And then, we designed a quadratic spline wavelet modulus maximum algorithm to identify the PPG peaks automatically. To evaluate this hybrid method, a reflective pulse oximeter was used to acquire ten subjects’ PPG signals under sitting, raising hand, and gently walking postures, and the peak recognition results on the raw signal and on the corrected signal were compared, respectively. The results showed that the hybrid method not only corrected the morphologies of the signal well but also optimized the peaks identification quality, subsequently elevating the measurement accuracy of SpO2 and the pulse rate. As a result, our hybrid wavelet-based method profoundly optimized the evaluation of respiratory function and heart rate variability analysis.

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Wang, Haixing, Guiping Xiao, and Zhen Wei. "Optimizing Route for Hazardous Materials Logistics Based on Hybrid Ant Colony Algorithm." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/752830.

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Optimizing Route for Hazardous Materials Logistics (ORHML) belongs to a class of problems referred to as NP-Hard, and a strict constraint of it makes it harder to solve. In order to dealing with ORHML, an improved hybrid ant colony algorithm (HACA) was devised. To achieve the purpose of balancing risk and cost for route based on the principle of ACA that used to solve TSP, the improved HACA was designed. Considering the capacity of road network and the maximum expected risk limits, a route optimization model to minimize the total cost is established based on network flow theory. Improvement on route construction rule and pheromone updating rule was adopted on the basis of the former algorithm. An example was analyzed to demonstrate the correctness of the application. It is proved that improved HACA is efficient and feasible in solving ORHML.

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Anwar, Farah Syamim, Babua Das, Shahrul Azman Zainal Abidin, and Rafyhadi Junaedi. "TIME-SERIES MODEL: HYBRID FIRST-PRINCIPLE WITH OPERATIONAL DATA FOR OPTIMISATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENDOTHERMIC REACTOR SYSTEM." Platform : A Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pjstvol4iss1art13542.

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It is crucial to identify and manage main pain point contributor(s) in the hydrocarbon value chain in maximising revenue and cash generation. Recently, PETRONAS has embarked on the initiative to maximise the production of propane value chain by addressing the run length limitation issue due to increasing coking rate in one endothermic reactor system. Hybrid of the first principle and plant operational data were used and modelled in a time-series manner. Several high impact influential variables were selected and incorporated into the model, i.e. hydrocarbon throughput, hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon ratio, reactor inlet temperature and days-onstream. The hybrid modelling approach is used to find optimum start-of-run operating conditions, control coke formation rate in the presence of variations in operating conditions throughout the run length, and manoeuvre the intermediate operating strategies to achieve the desired run length. The current operation with the implementation of new operating strategies derived from the model shows coke formation reduction up to 70% compared to the historical trending, on-track to achieve the desired run length equivalent to the catalyst expected life, which has never been achieved since in operation. The model can be enhanced in future work to achieve the maximum possible yield throughout the run length and predict the anticipated production with the corresponding operating strategies.

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Perfilova, O. V., Z. Yu Rodina, K. V. Bryksina, and A. S. Ilyinsky. "Research of the antioxidants content in plant raw materials – ingredients for polycomponent functional chips." New Technologies 19, no. 4 (January 15, 2024): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2023-19-4-134-143.

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The article discusses the possibility of using such plant raw materials as pumpkin varieties of Michurinskaya, Krasnaya Malyshka and hybrid Azhur medoviy F1, calendula flower powder, corn flour when designing new types of multicomponent chips ensuring the principle of resource saving due to the involvement of apple production pomace in the technological process juice. A comprehensive analysis of plant raw materials used in the production of chips was carried out for the total content of antioxidants, polyphenolic composition (flavonols, catechins, anthocyanins), the presence of ascorbic acid and beta-carotene. Among the varieties and hybrids of pumpkin, in terms of the total content of water-soluble antioxidants, Krasnaya Malyshka and Azhur Medoviy F1 stand out, then apple pomace, corn flour are ranked in increasing antioxidant value, and the leader here is calendula flower powder. The content of polyphenols in the hybrid Azhur medoviy F1 is higher than in the varieties of Michurinskaya and Krasnaya Malyshka by an average of 42%. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was found in Krasnaya Malyshka pumpkin, but at the same time this variety is inferior in beta-carotene content to two other varieties Michurinskaya and the hybrid Azhur medoviy F1 by 58 and 54%, respectively. Apple pomace can act as an additional source of ascorbic acid and flavonols, calendula flower powder – ascorbic acid, polyphenols and beta-carotene, and corn flour – flavonols, catechins and beta-carotene. All pumpkin varieties and hybrids studied in the work ensure that the finished multicomponent chips, taking into account the established recommended consumption rate – 30 g per day, contain functional ingredients – ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and flavonols at a level of more than 15% of the physiological consumption rate per day.

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VOHRALÍK, MARTIN, and BARBARA I. WOHLMUTH. "MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHODS: IMPLEMENTATION WITH ONE UNKNOWN PER ELEMENT, LOCAL FLUX EXPRESSIONS, POSITIVITY, POLYGONAL MESHES, AND RELATIONS TO OTHER METHODS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 23, no. 05 (February 21, 2013): 803–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202512500613.

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In this paper, we study the mixed finite element method for linear diffusion problems. We focus on the lowest-order Raviart–Thomas case. For simplicial meshes, we propose several new approaches to reduce the original indefinite saddle point systems for the flux and potential unknowns to (positive definite) systems for one potential unknown per element. Our construction principle is closely related to that of the so-called multi-point flux-approximation method and leads to local flux expressions. We present a set of numerical examples illustrating the influence of the elimination process on the structure and on the condition number of the reduced matrix. We also discuss different versions of the discrete maximum principle in the lowest-order Raviart–Thomas method. Finally, we recall mixed finite element methods on general polygonal meshes and show that they are a special type of the mimetic finite difference, mixed finite volume, and hybrid finite volume family.

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Leng, Jingwen, Long Jin, Zhike Xu, and Xingxing Zhu. "Development of a 3-DOF Cylindrical Ultrasonic Motor Based on Non-Standard Modes." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2023): 10096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810096.

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Cylindrical multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) ultrasonic motors have the potential to significantly reduce motor size compared to other ultrasonic motors. They find applications in various systems, including micro-robot joints and space probes. This paper proposes a 3-DOF cylindrical ultrasonic motor with hybrid vibration modes. Hybrid vibration modes encompass non-standard longitudinal and bending vibrations. The structure and operating principle of the motor are described first. COMSOL Multiphysics models the stator’s vibration modes, frequency response, and 3-DOF motion. A motor prototype is manufactured and characterized to demonstrate the output characteristics of the motor. The results indicate that the motor has a no-load speed of 37 rpm along the x- and y-axes and up to 77 rpm along the z-axis. The maximum output torque of the motor is 25 Nm. The motor is low in height and compact, providing a method for further reducing the stator length of motors of the same type.

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Jeoung, Haeseong, Kiwook Lee, and Namwook Kim. "Methodology for Finding Maximum Performance and Improvement Possibility of Rule-Based Control for Parallel Type-2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101924.

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) require supervisory controllers to distribute the propulsion power from sources like an engine and motors. Control concepts based on optimal control theories such as dynamic programming (DP) and Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) have been studied to maximize fuel efficiencies. These concepts are, however, not practical for real-world applications because they guarantee optimality only if future driving information is given prior to the actual driving. Instead, heuristic rule-based control concepts are widely used in real-world applications. Those concepts are not only simple enough to be designed based on existing vehicle control concepts, but also allow developers to easily intervene in the control to enhance other vital aspects of real-world vehicle performances, such as safety and drivability. In this study, a rule-based control for parallel type-2 HEVs is developed based on representative control concepts of real-world HEVs, and optimal control parameters are determined by optimization processes. The performance of the optimized rule-based control is evaluated by comparing it with the optimal results obtained by PMP, and it shows that the rule-based concepts can achieve high fuel efficiencies, which are close, typically within 4%, to the maximum values obtained by PMP.

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Taleb, Maamar, Mohamed Amine Fnaiech, and Khaled Zehar. "An Enhanced Hybrid Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Using Voltage Oriented Controller and Class D Chopper." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, no. 1 (July 2023): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.225.

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The performance of a shunt interconnection made from a PV system, a three phase grid voltage supply, and a DC shunt motor (DC load) is investigated The PV system participates with maximum powers to the overall interconnection active power flow. It uses a class D chopper circuitry controlled properly by a typical maximum power point tracker (MPPT) controller. The grid has the role of supplying active power in case of any power deficiency needed by the DC motor load. Similarly, it has also the role of absorbing active power in case of any additional power generated by the PV system and not needed by the DC load. This is done by using an AC/DC power electronic converter. The AC/DC power electronic converter operates either under rectifier or inverter modes. The AC/DC power electronic converter is also operated under the next two conditions: 1-the reactive power expected at the grid voltage bus should be nearly null, 2-harmonics currents often encountered in the grid line currents waveforms should be tolerable. The two latter conditions are fulfilled by using the principle of voltage oriented control (VOC) technique. The performance of the investigated interconnection is simulated in Matlab/Simulink platform. Quite satisfactory results are obtained. The satisfaction about the obtained simulation results persists on being able to integrate easily the PV system with the AC grid while extracting maximum power from the PVG and having a unity power factor at the AC grid bus and less encountered harmonics in the ac line currents.

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Zhu, C. Y., A. Shukla, and M. H. Sadd. "Prediction of Dynamic Contact Loads in Granular Assemblies." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897191.

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An experimental-numerical hybrid technique has been developed to predict the intergranular contact load transfer in granular media subjected to explosive loading. The granular media were simulated by assemblies of circular disks in contact. The peak contact load transfer coefficients (i. e., the ratio of the maximum output contact load to the input contact load as a function of the contact angles) of a given particle were obtained through controlled experimental studies. These coefficients, along with the principle of superposition, were then used to predict the peak contact loads in several regular as well as irregular assemblies of disks. The predicted results compared favorably with the experimental data for several different assemblies.

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HARGILAS, A.K. SINGH, S.L. JAT, P.K. ROKADIA, and ARVID KUMAR. "Response of maize (Zea mays) hybrids to nutrient management practices for enhancing productivity and profitability under sub-humid condition of Southern Rajasthan." Indian Journal of Agronomy 62, no. 3 (October 10, 2001): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v62i3.4302.

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A field experiment was conducted during 2 consecutive years of 2013 and 2014 to find out the response of nu- trient expert-decision support systems based on the principle of site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) for achieving targeted yield of maize (Zea mays L.). This approach estimated high dose of N and K and low dose of P over recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to evaluate the response of hybrid under this experiment. Growth pa- rameters, yield, nutrient uptake, harvest index and partial factor productivity of P and K and apparent recovery of N and P and economics were significantly higher with SSNM over RDF and farmers fertilizer practices (FFP). Yield attributes, harvest index and partial factor productivity of N and apparent recovery of K were found at par with RDF. Among the hybrids, CMH-08-292 recorded maximum plant growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake, which was found statistically at par with CMH-08-350. SSNM gave significantly higher net re- turns ( 66,350/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.60) over RDF and FFP. Among the hybrids, CMH-08-292 recorded maximum gross returns ( 84,686/ha), net returns ( 60,120/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.41), which was at par with CMH-08-350. The interaction effect revealed that the highest grain yield (7.90 t/ha), net returns ( 84,723/ ha), and benefit: cost ratio (3.27) obtained with CMH-08-292 under SSNM. Hence, it is concluded that SSNM along with suitable high yielding hybrids are recommended for enhancing yield and profitability of maize under sub-humid condition of Southern Rajasthan and similar ecologies elsewhere.

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Yuyukin, I. V. "The problem of implementing the concept of maximum integration of heterogeneous data in practical navigation." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 15, no. 6 (February 6, 2024): 998–1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2023-15-6-998-1014.

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The topic of the work is the research of the problem of the practical realization of opportunistic navigation, which actually consists in the fact that the “signals of opportunity” are not optimized for global navigation according to their original purpose. A hypothesis about the possibility of strategic application of the navigation concept based on the principles of data integration with the objective existence of tactically surmountable difficulties is put forward. In the conditions of vulnerability of the global satellite system, an approach to use an additional source of combined signals in order to continuously ensure accurate geolocation of water transport vehicles is proposed. The comparative assessment confirms the comparability of the positioning error of alternative navigation with the data of classical satellite observations of mobile objects. An assumption about the effectiveness of spline modeling of the cartographic standard of informativeness for the practical organization of the basic principle of opportunistic positioning by analogy with the paradigm of correlation-extreme navigation is made. A computer visualization of a fixed fragment of the ocean gravitational field based on spline approximation is performed in order to optimize the problem of simultaneous localization and three-dimensional representation of the ship movement in a graphical environment unaffiliated with foreign software. A hybrid algorithm for mathematical synthesis of the navigational isosurface has been tested as a harmonized support for the navigation staff to implement the “terrain-referenced procedure” in the landscape coordinate space. The variants of the “ambiguity resolution” problem implementation in the issue of maximum integration of heterogeneous navigation data are considered. The probability of practical use of the opportunistic navigation postulates in marine applications, taking into account the “navigation gap” factor for leveling local satellite incapacity with a real possibility of countering malicious interception of ship control, is estimated. The expediency of using the factor of observational reckoning of the vessel path as an additional condition for navigation safety in the aspect of packet processing of the “signals of opportunity” slot is substantiated.

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Zhu, Fu-guang, Dong-sheng Xu, Rui-shan Tan, Bin Peng, He Huang, and Zhuo-wen Liu. "Development of Optic-Electric Hybrid Sensors for the Real-Time Intelligent Monitoring of Subway Tunnels." Journal of Sensors 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871893.

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The settlement and deformation monitoring of subway tunnels had difficult in long-distance and real time measurement. This study proposed an optic-electric hybrid sensor based on infrared laser ranging technology and cable-sensing technology. The working principle, hardware layer, design details, laboratory calibration and field validation were presented and discussed. The optic-electric hybrid sensor implemented the real-time intelligent analysis modulus for the whole system which could analysis the measurement errors and improve the accuracy. The laboratory calibration tests were carried out and the results shown that the hybrid sensors had measurement resolution of 1 mm with the maximum measurement range of 100 m. A remote real-time intelligent monitoring system is established based on the hybrid sensors. The system contains an edge computing module, real-time communication module and warning light signal with three colors. The stability of data acquisition and transmission of the intelligent control monitoring system under long-term conditions was examined. Test results shown that the system was quite stable for the long-term measurement. The whole system was verified in a constructing subway tunnel of Wuhan Metro Line 8, China. According to the field monitoring results, the deformations and the state of health safety of the tunnel was evaluated. The results of this study could provide useful guidance for tunnel deformation monitoring and has great practical value in civil engineering.

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